9. gaia: Energia
..............................................................................................................................................
180
1. Energia eta gizarteak –zibilizazioak– ...................................................................................................... 2. Energiaren gaineko alderdi orokorrak .................................................................................................... 3. Erregai fosilak .......................................................................................................................................... 1. Ikatza .............................................................................................................................................. 2. Petrolioa eta gas naturala .............................................................................................................. 4. Energia nuklearra ...................................................................................................................................... 5. Energia berriztagarriak ............................................................................................................................ 1. Eguzki-energia ................................................................................................................................ 2. Energia hidroelektrikoa .................................................................................................................. 3. Haize-energia ................................................................................................................................ 4. Biomasaren energia ...................................................................................................................... 6. Hidrogenoan oinarritutako energia-ekoizpena ......................................................................................
182 183 184 185 185 186 187 188 189 190 192 195
10. gaia: Hondakinak
..................................................................................................................................
198
1. Hondakinak ongizate-gizartean .............................................................................................................. 2. Zaborraren arazoa .................................................................................................................................... 3. Zer dira hondakinak? ................................................................................................................................ 4. Hondakinak tratatzeko metodoak .......................................................................................................... 1. Zabortegiak .................................................................................................................................... 2. Errauste-plantak ............................................................................................................................ 3. Birziklatzea ....................................................................................................................................
200 200 203 205 205 208 210
11. gaia: Behar berriak, material berriak
......................................................................................
214
1. Nola ustiatzen du natura gure gizarteak? .............................................................................................. 2. Baliabide naturalak .................................................................................................................................. 3. Zuhaitzak, egurra eta papera .................................................................................................................. 1. Paperaren historia .......................................................................................................................... 2. Paperaren aplikazioak .................................................................................................................... 3. Ingurumenarekiko ardura .............................................................................................................. 4. Basoak, egurra eta papera ............................................................................................................ 4. Metalak eta aleazioak .............................................................................................................................. 1. Metalak eta aleazioak historian zehar ............................................................................................ 2. Metalen eta aleazioen propietateak .............................................................................................. 3. Aleazio berriak ................................................................................................................................ 5. Zeramikak .................................................................................................................................................. 6. Plastikoak .................................................................................................................................................. 1. Plastikoen historia .......................................................................................................................... 2. Zer dira plastikoak? ........................................................................................................................ 3. Plastikoen ingurumen-eragina: bizitza-zikloa ................................................................................ 7. Erdieroaleak .............................................................................................................................................. 1. Zer dira erdieroaleak? .................................................................................................................... 2. Solido egoerako osagaiak .............................................................................................................. 8. Nanomaterialak ........................................................................................................................................
216 216 218 218 218 219 220 221 221 222 223 225 227 227 227 229 231 231 232 234
12. gaia: Informazioa eta komunikazioa
........................................................................................
236
1. Informazioa eta komunikazioa: aurrekari historikoak eta oinarrizko kontzeptuak ............................ 2. Informazioaren transmisioa: uhinak ...................................................................................................... 1. Nola transmititzen da informazioa? ................................................................................................ 2. Harien bidezko transmisioa ............................................................................................................ 3. Haririk gabeko transmisioa ............................................................................................................ 3. Uhin elektromagnetikoak eta telekomunikazioa .................................................................................. 1. Irrati uhinak .................................................................................................................................... 2. Telefonoak ...................................................................................................................................... 3. Komunikazio sateliteak .................................................................................................................. 4. Uhinen beste zenbait erabilera ................................................................................................................ 5. Seinale analogikoak eta digitalak .......................................................................................................... 6. Ordenagailuak .......................................................................................................................................... 1. Ordenagailuen historia laburra ...................................................................................................... 2. Nola funtzionatzen dute ordenagailuek? ........................................................................................ 7. Telekomunikazioen iraultza digitala ........................................................................................................ 1. Ordenagailu-sareak: internet .......................................................................................................... 2. TeknologĂa digitalaren beste zenbait erabilera ..............................................................................
238 240 242 242 244 245 246 247 249 249 252 254 254 255 259 259 261