EQUINE NEWS And Trade Services Directory - AUTUMN 2019 Volume 11 Issue 1

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EQUINE NEWS AND TRADE SERVICES DIRECTORY Volume 11. Issue 1.

Autumn 2019

Bone and Ligament Problems Preventing Big Head Disease Hoof-Building Health When Should I Rug? Feeling Joy Salty?

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AG SHOWS & COMING EVENTS

t he t rainer’s f riend

INTERSTATE MAP & SERVICE DIRECTORY

Leg Wrap Poultice

Contains:

Contains:

PRE & PROBIOTICS

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

Contains:

Promotes:

BIOTIN FOR HEALTHIER HOOVES

INTESTINAL & HINDGUT HEALTH

Scientifically formulated and balanced feed supplement providing optimal horse health from the inside out.

Promoting Intestinal & Hindgut Health for Improved Digestion YOUR

D IS CIPLIN E

YOUR H O RS E

YOUR D RE A M

For more information or to find your nearest stockist visit:

www.koolglow.com.au Kool Glow

Feeling JOY!

4–5

CEN SUPERBEET – The Game Changer Cover Photo: ‘WIGO’ Feeling joy and frolicking with delight by Agnieszka Gulczynska Fotografia https://fotogulczynska.wordpress.com

It is with joy and delight that we present this special issue!

After 2018 being the completion of 10 years of Equine News we thought we’d celebrate now as this time 10 years ago we delivered the first ever issue.

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When Should I Rug?

9 -13

Bone and Ligament Problems

14-17

SALTY?

18 -22

Area Map

24-25

Coming Events

26-30

Agricultural Shows

31

Hoof – Building Health

34

Preventing Big Head Disease

36-38

Service Directory

40-46

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As we sat creating ideas for those first pages, the thought of ten years seemed hard to grasp.

However it has come quickly with many stones turned and many lessons learned.

It is a privilege to have the opportunity to produce Equine News, the nicest parts are learning something new about horses each day and the wonderful and special people met along the way.

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To our contributors of whom are many and in a range of different ways.

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We would like to say a sincere thank you. Without your enormous support the feat would not be possible.

We hope you’ll enjoy Equine News for many more years to come!

EQD TRADE SE

Expressions of interest will be welcomed prior to that date.

Contact Kerrie Phone: (02) 6653 6403 Mobile: 0422 235 933

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Equine News & Trade Services Directory PO Box 9014 Moonee Beach NSW 2450

The Mid North Coast Equine News & Trade Services Directory Disclaimer: All rights reserved. This Publication may not, in part or whole, be copied, photographed, scanned or reproduced in any format, electronic or otherwise for reproduction without written authority of Equine News & Trade Services Directory. While we exercise due care and diligence to ensure the accuracy of it’s contents, the publication of an article or advertisement is not automatically the view held or has the endorsement of the editors. We do not take responsibility for any inaccuracies by authors. Contents of advertisements are the responsibility of the advertisers. The Publishers liability for damages resulting from any omissions, error, misprint or failure to publish any advertisement that it has accepted or agreed to publish is limited to the exact amount actually received in payment for the advertisement.

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3

I usually open my introductory clinics with the line

“Horsemanship is more about a way of Being than a way of Doing”.

There are many aspects to this way of being. In the introductory clinics I usually talk about being Centered and Grounded and this leads us to also being Present and Free of Judgement. Today I want to write about JOY. Ultimately the state that we would be in when playing with our horses is the state of JOY. In the photo here we see Helium leaping into the air with pure joy. When we see horses truly play in the paddock they are in a state of joy. Many horses are operating from a state of fear, tension, stress or adrenaline. Adrenaline can lead to increased performance in some ways, but there are down sides to operating in this state and ultimately I don’t believe this state leads to the highest possible potential being reached. When the horses are operating from this state of joy they will have heart and desire for what they are doing and they will be relaxed in their body – the highest level of athleticism comes from relaxation. Top level human athletes and martial artists operate from relaxation.

The high level dressage manoeuvres such as passage, collected gaits, having suspension and aerial manoeuvres “airs above the ground” are manoeuvres that horses perform naturally when they play. So doesn’t it make sense that this is the state they should be in when they are performing these manoeuvres with humans? If we are to encourage the horse to operate from this state of joy we must first be operating from there ourselves.

4 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

So how do we find JOY? When I think of JOY, one image that comes to mind is that of a young child about 4 years old, running around giggling, like they might do when they have playmates chasing after them. Their energy is light, bubbly and playful. In that moment they have not a care in the world and they are totally authentic -that is they are not trying to be, or pretending to be anything other than themselves and they are not trying to meet others expectations or follow rules that society has placed upon them about how they should feel or behave. They are totally present, in the moment, without inhibition and they feel joy. This is what we need to get back to – the playful light energy of a child - pure, innocent and authentic, as they are without the burden of the ego.

To find this childlike state of Joy it is essential that we first become centered and still – stillness of the mind and calmness of the emotions – a state of peace. In centering we are also gathering our energy into a central place so that we can harness it and use it. Often we have energy locked up as tension in our bodies, or it is scattered when our minds are scattered. It is tied up or used up when we are emotionally in chaos, or lost holding onto regrets or begrudgements from our past or the worries we have for the future. A higher purpose of centering is to gather and fully harness our energy and then express it, use it, or action it powerfully like they do in martial arts. We can then use that energy

AUTUMN 2019

for power and athleticism, communication, healing or health, or to just play and have fun – basically whatever we choose to use it for.

Once we are centered, calm and still, another way of creating this feeling of joy and activating our energy, is to imagine bubbles of lemonade effervescing inside of you, bubbling up from your center – just like when you shake up a bottle of lemonade and then slowly start to unscrew the lid. When we are centered and in a state of peacefulness and stillness inside ourselves we can find the light bubbly and childlike energy of joy. The basis of this joy is peacefulness, different than the over excited energy that we often see or experience that is based on nervousness or anxiousness. Sometimes we also see this over excited nervous energy in young children and it is helpful to be able to decipher the difference.

The more deeply that we become centered and grounded, the more we can outwardly express our energy. Becoming deeply centered does not have to mean becoming more quiet, boring and inexpressive, in fact it can mean just the opposite. The more centered we become, the more powerful and expressive we can be. It is only from the place of deep peace and stillness that we can express or feel true joy. If we have an anxious, nervous or unconfident horse, having our energy quiet, centered and grounded will give them confidence as big expressive energy will scare them. When they become calm and confident that is when we can become big, expressive and playful with our energy and encourage them to express, play and be athletic.

This way of being – peaceful, joyful and playful like a small child – is what I believe to be a key to great horsemanship. This is how we can have a horse be expressive, interested, have energy, enthusiasm and heart and desire. With these inner qualities horses can find balance, have good biomechanics, be athletic and reach their highest potential of physical power and performance. For those who are just looking for a quiet, safe pleasure riding horse or a calm horse to do ground

EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

work with, this way of being will also help you create the horse that you desire - a horse that is calm, confident, willing, smooth to ride, a pleasure to handle and be around and who is our friend and partner. So let’s get back to feeling the playful joy of a child so then we can truly en-joy horses and ourselves.

About the Author – Mel Fleming Naturally a teacher, Mel Fleming has a clear concise and encouraging style of teaching and her passion for horsemanship is clearly demonstrated in her training. Mel has a diverse range of skills with many years of experience in starting horses under saddle, solving behaviour problems with difficult horses, developing competition and performance horses, equine postural training and rehabilitating horses that are broken in body and spirit.

Mel uses the principles of Aikido and Feldenkrais - using energy and alignment rather that physical force – and when combined with two way communication, the result is harmony with horses. This leads to correct biomechanics, where movement is graced with effortlessness and ease. Mel facilitates both horses and humans to reach their highest potential.

Clinics and courses varying in length from days to weeks are held by Mel around Australia and at ‘Alchemy Place’ “Alchemy Place” is a scenic 100 acre property situated in a beautiful valley at the base of the Moonbi range near Tamworth NSW which is set up as a horsemanship facility for developing horses and teaching people. It offers the ultimate escape and perfect surroundings to learn and experience being one with your horse.

For clinic schedule please visit

www.melfleming.com.au Call Mel Fleming on 0428 385 745 or email mel@melfleming.com.au

5

THE LOWER IRON + NO SOAK

BEET OPTION IS HERE! CEN SuperBeet is a new release product giving horses a high quality fibre source in a cold pressed pellet.

Benefits include: • Healthy weight gain or condition maintenance.

• A nutritious replacement for CHAFF or when quality forage is poor or unavailable.

• Safe cool calorie source for horses prone to laminitis or equine metabolic syndromes.

The graph below shows the iron levels from FeedXL of the popular beet pulp products compared to the new CEN SuperBeet.

NEW RELEASE CEN SuperBeet - 20kg • ZERO MOLASSES • QUICK FEED PELLET (DAMP, WET or DRY under specific conditions) • HIGH DIGESTIBLE FIBRE • NON-GMO & ALL NATURAL Ingredients: Unmolassed Sugar Beet Pulp Pellet (Low Sugar, High Fibre) CEN is proudly a 100% Australian owned company.

The other brands of beet are still nutritious but contain around 2x the iron levels. Some horse owners soak and rinse their beet to remove the high iron levels. The reason for this is Australian soils are high in iron and deficient in zinc and copper. Iron interferes with copper and zinc absorption because all three compete for absorption in the small intestine.

Horses recycle the iron from haemoglobin when they replace red blood cells and can’t excrete excess amounts of it.

Pasture, hay and feed crops are naturally high in iron and nearly all (if not all) horses get far more than the recommended daily amount just from their base diet so don’t require any further supplementation of iron.

It is therefore best in Australia if the vitamin and mineral supplements provide good levels of zinc and copper and no added iron at all.

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Finding feeds that are lower in iron levels per kg is highly beneficial and the NRC (National Research Council) and vet manuals explain that a horse’s base diet easily provides enough iron for their needs.

The NRC has set an upper safe limit of iron for horses at 400mgs/kilo dry matter, (so around 4,000mgs or 4 grams per day).

CEN SuperBeet is a great beet option to consider with lower iron levels.

CEN SuperBeet is perfect for healthy weight gain or to maintain condition during times of increased workload. It is high in digestible fibre (higher than grassy hay) and once digested is converted to volatile fatty acids where the horse utilises as their main source of energy. This energy produced is considered a healthy cool calorie source. (nonheating) Perfect for horses prone laminitis or EMS horses.

For more information, retail or wholesale enquiries please phone Complete Equine Nutrition on (07) 3180 3014 or email info@equinefeeds.com.au

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AUTUMN 2019

When should I Rug?

By The Nude Horse (Equine Epidemiologist) The natural design of equine coats

It’s like putting on a winter doona

The major player in the hair coat cycles appears to be the changing length of daylight or photoperiod. The daily photoperiod effect on hair growth cycles brings the brain into the act. Light signals are routed biochemically to the pineal gland, the hypothalamic part of the brain and the pituitary gland. From there the control is hormonal.

Rugs prevent horses from exfoliating their skin properly (by rolling and mutual grooming etc.) So a rugged horse must be groomed thoroughly and frequently to get rid of the build-up of dead skin and hair.

It has been shown that horses wearing rugs and/or stabled in heated barns fail to develop a complete winter coat. It has been hypothesized that domestication (heated barns, rugging, rapid changes in geographic location and mares standing under artificial light) might cause a change from a single yearly shed as observed in the undomesticated horse to continuously shedding throughout the year, maintaining a short coat year-round.

Research indicates that the greatest rate of growth occurs during the autumn in readiness of the cold. Hence rugging during this season inhibits the natural ability to grow its natural dense winter secondary hairs that protect them from the cold.

There is a primary coat known as the outer or “guard” coat and a secondary coat known as the inner coat. It has been reported that there are approximately 800-1,200 primary hairs and from 1,200-2,000 secondary hairs per square inch of skin in the horse. A horse’s hair coat changes with the seasons; therefore, the ability of the hair coat to regulate body temperature is related to its length, thickness and density per square inch of surface area of skin. One major factor in the hair’s ability to serve in thermoregulation is the ability of a small muscle associated with every hair follicle under control of the nervous system to pull the hairs to a standing “puffed-up” position (piloerection). The physiological process of piloerection increases the insulating factor of the hair coat by increasing the air content within the hair coat and therefore the skin and the environment.

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Making the most of hair growth periods

Vitamin D deficiency Rugging a horse, eliminates the ability of the skin to take up vitamin D from natural sunlight.

Direct sun exposure is the best way to absorb vitamin D. Recent studies demonstrate that with the absence of vitamin D, alopecia can develop. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223342 Modern practises of rugging horses sometimes continuously may predispose the horse to suboptimal intakes of vitamin D. Restricting turn out time for sun exposure will fail the body having time to convert vitamin D in the skin. https://ker.com/equinews/vitamin-d-equine-diets/ Karen Langston for the National Association of Nutrition Professions says “vitamin D maintains blood calcium levels and it regulates calcium and phosphorus, which keeps bones and teeth hard. Vitamin

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D deficiency - The biggest concern is softening of the bones… weak muscles, bone pain and tenderness”.

At trial, low serum levels of vitamin D appear to be associated with an increased risk for progression of osteoarthritis of the knee. http://annals. org/aim/article-abstract/709914/relation- dietary-intake-serum-levelsvitamin-d-progression-osteoarthritis- knee “Vitamin D plays an essential role in maintaining a healthy mineralized skeleton for most land vertebrates. vitamin D keeps the serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations within the normal range to maintain essential cellular functions and to promote mineralization of the skeleton.” https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/126/ suppl_4/1159S/4724783 Dr Juliet M Getty explains: “Reduced appetite, slowed growth, physitis in growing horses, bone demineralization (leading to stress fractures and bone deformities), and poor muscle contraction, are deficiency outcomes. Horses do best when they receive at least 6.6 IU of vitamin D per kg of body weight. For an 1100 lb (500 kg) horse, this translates into 3300 IU/day. Sunlight exposure – 5 to 8 hours/day – under optimal conditions, will produce this amount of vitamin D. http:// gettyequinenutrition.biz/Library/VitaminDThesunshinevitami n.htm

Dr Claire Thunes PHD suggests “those with limited exposure to sunlight get fed levels of vitamin D that meet the current NRC guidelines. You can achieve this by selecting a fortified commercial feed or supplement that provides about the guaranteed levels of vitamin D, and then feed the correct amount.” https://thehorse.com/19730/do-horses-needvitamin-d- supplementation/

Achieving a sleek coat without a rug Experts already know that there is a strong link between hair loss/ growth and nutrition.

Healthy hair growth occurs when dietary needs are met adequately, supplying the necessary building blocks for the natural biological processes to occur according to genetic makeup.

Hair follicles are metabolically active tissues that require nutrients to support both structural and functional activities (Galbraith, 1998). As such nutrition has a profound effect on both its quality and quantity.

More from Dr Getty “For a horse, the hair coat alone creates such a significant barrier to absorption that it typically takes five to eight hours of exposure to ultraviolet light for horses to produce enough vitamin D to satisfy the daily requirement. Compound that with additional barriers like rugging, fly spray, coat conditioners or decreased oils from bathing, it becomes apparent a horse may not be getting enough vitamin D.” Frequent bathing with soap inhibits the body’s ability to produce vitamin D simply because the precursor (7- dehydrocholesterol) is washed away.

10 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

AUTUMN 2019

Poor nutrition may produce and therefore be reflected by a dull, dry, brittle or thin hair coat. Colour disturbances may also occur. Nutritional factors that influence hair growth are very complex and can be interrelated.

The most important requirement for hair keratin synthesis is the amino acid cysteine, as it is ultimately oxidized to form the stable disulphide bonds that give keratin its structure, strength, and stability. Horses, like non-ruminants are unable to absorb inorganic sulphur and must meet their sulphur requirements through organic forms such as methionine.

(Lewis,1995). Methionine can be converted to cysteine in the liver.

Source a feed supplement high in Methionine for added growth rates.

Zinc is an essential element to many metalloenzymes and metabolic processes including keratogenesis. Studies show the fractional absorption over this range of ingested zinc averages ≈0.4 when ingested from non-organic forms. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC2854914/.

Sourcing bioavailable forms such as organic and chelated zinc clinically shows better absorption rates. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2008.694/ pdf Copper. This element is essential in various enzyme systems including those involved in melanin synthesis, keratin synthesis, and disulphide bond linkage (Jarrett, 1977; Underwood, 1977). Copper deficiency results in fibre de- pigmentation and loss of hair tensile strength and elasticity leading to breakage.

Selenium performs several roles pertaining to cellular function and is a necessary constituent of the diet for healthy hair growth.

Your goal should be to achieve a new richly coloured and glossy coat in Spring. Why? Glossiness of coat hair is also important in reflecting solar radiation. Tropical breeds tend to have glossy coats that reflect solar radiation well (Hayman and Nay, 1961; Holmes, 1970).

Nutrients commonly associated with poor hair quality and hair loss have been summarized by Lewis (1995). They comprise dietary deficiencies of protein, phosphorus, iodine, zinc, and vitamins A and E, as well as dietary excesses of selenium, iodine and vitamin A. Other possible nutritional imbalances that can affect hair growth include B-vitamin and vitamin C deficiencies, copper and cobalt deficiencies and molybdenum toxicoses (Scott, 1988).

Do I need to rug in changing season? “The horse has various mechanisms to keep warm or cool down (e.g. shivering, sweating, changing its metabolism) and these are controlled by the brain. The brain makes its decisions based on signals from both the inside of the horse and from its skin surface, which give information on how cold/hot the horse is and how cold/hot the environment is. These signals are crucial to allow the brain to make the correct decisions about how to control body temperatures, and it is thought that over rugging can interfere with this mechanism by changing hormone levels.� http://equinefreelance.com/free- articles/rugging/

Potential for Disease when rugged “I checked under his rug (a waterproof one) every couple of days...I was shocked to find one morning, that his quarters and loins had crops of scaly white scabs dotted all over...the scabs came off with clumps of hair‌the vet confirmed my suspicion – rain rot. He advised me‌ no more rug. He said‌quite a few rugged horses have got it because of the dampness getting in.â€? https://www.angloinfo.com/brittany/ discussions/pets- animals/horse-rugs-and-rain-rot “Rain Scale – is a bacterial infection affecting areas of skin which are moist, hence it is a widespread problem. The back, lower limbs and areas of coat drainage and under rugs that are wet due to sweat are commonly affected. Rugging seems to cause more harm than good.â€? http://www.clydevetgroup.co.uk/equine/newsletters/dec04.htm EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

- the most comprehensive & complete vitamin and mineral supplement to meet daily dietary needs.

Made from organic and chelated raws for hard to absorb minerals. Safe for all horses i.e. foals, pregnant & lactating mares.

Did you know? All of our add-on supplements are perfectly safe to be fed alongside Flowers Gold.

* Broad spectrum super potent Probiotic species * Prebiotics * Toxin Binders * Kaolinite Clay * Beta Glucan * MOS (Mannon-oligosaccharide) * Marshmallow Root * Diatomaceous Earth

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3. Decrease growth and healing

Rugging in Summer

4. Cause electrolyte imbalances

It is much harder for a horse to stay cool than it is for it to stay warm.

The horse maintains it core body temperature (inside) within a very narrow range. If this changes more than 1°C then the horse experiences discomfort, and if it changes too much then the horse dies.

5. Reduce thyroid gland function (and the ability of the horse to control its own body temperature)

It is NOT possible to tell if a horse is too hot or too cold simply by feeling the skin temperature. The horse can increase circulation to the skin or constrict blood vessels to help regulate core temperature.

7. Lead to obesity, particularly if owners also feed the horse more because the weather is cold”

The RSPCA states “Using rugs on horses in summer can be a welfare issue. Rugs do not keep horses cool. A horse naturally has a sleek coat which reflects the sun and a horse will seek shade when they are hot as a natural response. All large bodied animals, such as horses, take longer to cool down (and warm up) than smaller bodied animals. Rugs prevent any cooling breeze from cooling the body. Horses are one of the few animals that rely on sweating to cool down and rugs impede this process (by preventing air from passing over the body, evaporating the sweat and cooling the body).” http://kb.rspca.org.au/Do-I-need-torug-my-horse_465.html Rugging leads to overheating, and this leads to heat stress, which can: 1. Damage body cells and tissues 2. Affect the body’s immunity to disease

INNOVATIVE EQUESTRIAN

COOL HEAT Horse Rug!

6. Cause problems with sperm, embryo development and lactation in breeding horses

http://equinefreelance.com/free-articles/rugging/

Rugging in Winter It is NOT possible to tell if a horse is warm enough by feeling the temperature of the skin in the wintry weather; because the horse will constrict the blood vessels near the skin and the horse’s insulating fat layer is below the skin surface. It is a myth that having cold ears means that the horse is cold.

The horse will have cold ears if the rest of the body is cold but can also have cold ears when the rest of the body is warm. Difference in skin temperature is partly due to the horse’s efficiency in controlling its own body temperature. http://equinefreelance.com/free-articles/rugging/ The RSPCA states: “The coat of an un-rugged horse stands up in chilly weather to trap air and warm the horse.

Thermoregulation is the ability of a small muscle associated with every hair follicle under control of the nervous system to pull the hairs to a standing “puffed-up” position (piloerection). If you decide to rug you have to compensate for this mechanism as a rug will stop the hair from being able to do its job. In some circumstances a rugged horse is actually colder than an un-rugged horse if it is a thin rug that flattens the hair and reduces the movement of the horse without providing any real warmth.”

“Horses are very efficient at controlling their core body temperatures when the environmental temperature is between 5 to 25 °C and in winter they can acclimatise to a wider range, e.g. down to -15°C. In general horses can comfortably maintain their body temperature without feeling hot or cold if the environment is between the above limits. During winter they acclimatize to colder temperatures, so long as this change isn’t sudden (it takes weeks for the horse’s hormones to adjust) and can still be comfortable down to -10 to -15°C if they are dry and not in cold winds.” http://equinefreelance.com/free-articles/rugging/ They stay warm from the carbohydrates they consume.

The kind solution to rugging...

The Cool Heat Horse Rug is the only rug in the world that allows your horse to control his own body temperature.

Effective from -10deg to 18deg.

Fermentation of the forage produces heat, so the horse effectively has a large in-built heater inside its gut generating heat from its digestion. The more hay or grass he eats then the more heat is produced.

It is not possible to tell if a horse is warm enough by feeling its skin.

The truth is if the ambient temperature drops below the horse’s comfort zone (5°C to 24°C) it will: • Seek Shelter

Find out more at

www.innovativeequestrian.com or call 0409 499 408

• Increase muscle tone/shiver • Trap a layer of air within its coat by raising the hairs (piloerection).

This helps insulate the horse against cold – it is a normal coping mechanism and does not mean that the horse needs to be wearing a

Natural Skincare for Horses & Hounds

Just Magick’s SHAMPOO, LOTION & OIL are gentle on the skin and designed to hydrate & condition the coat.

Made in Australia from high quality natural ingredients including Pure Essential Oils.

www.justmagick.com.au

ORDER ONLINE today OR call Tamara on 0429 723665 Just Magick (formerly Itch Magick) is also available at many great saddleries & stockfeed shops.

12 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

AUTUMN 2019

rug, just that it is maintaining its body temperature. However, some owners don’t like their horses to look ‘fluffy’.

• Change the metabolism. The horses can breakdown stored energy supplies (e.g. Fat) and increase various other aspects of it’s metabolism to produce heat.

• Eat more. This is one of the key methods by which a horse can increase its body temperature.

• Move around more.

Wet Rugs Wet rugs can be worse than no rugs, as they increase the heat loss from the body (via contact with a cold wet surface and prevent the horse’s normal mechanisms working properly (e.g. can’t raise the hair coat for warmth).

Shelter As recommended by the RSPCA (via The Equi-Central System) rugs are not usually required because the horses should have access to shade and shelter from heavy rains, cold winds and extreme heat conditions. https://www.equiculture.net/p/responsiblehorsecare

When to rug

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Online videos, programs and dvd's

It makes sense to rug • a horse that is severely malnourished & underweight • A thin elderly horse who can no longer self- regulate their temperature • An itchy horse from dusk to dawn, protecting from biting insects who come out at these times • Preparing coats for imminent shows

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Clinics, Private Lessons, Displays

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A Herbalist’s View

Bone and Ligament Problems Lameness, stiffness and soreness problems in horses are most often the result of structural problems which involve injury, calcification, decalcification, scar tissue and ligament damage of one sort or another, whether it be recent or in the past.

BONES: Many bone problems are preventable and can be traced back to treatment and training. For example most two year olds have not matured enough for their bones to stand up to the work often demanded of performance horses at that age.

Breaking in and shoeing horses, stabling and working them on hard surfaces and preparing them for performance sports such as racing as two year olds is the main reason many ex racers are plagued by Bone and Ligament problems all of their lives. Putting them through a typical preparation for racing as a two year old is like taking 10 year old children and, while denying them any time to play, starting them in rigorous training for marathon road running or weight lifting.

Bone maturity problems in certain sections of the racing fraternity used to be addressed by the practice of Pin Firing the shins of horses to artificially create scarred bone tissue in an effort to have them stand up to heavy work. This is barbaric and cruel, and is a practice that is illegal in all the EEC countries (including the UK), the USA, and is considered an ‘unprofessional’ practice by the Australian Veterinary Profession.

Nevertheless, pin firing continues - even though it is probably of very little value as the scarred bone tissue created will never have the flexibility and elasticity of healthily matured bones.

In feeding horses for healthy bones, remember there is plenty of calcium and, more importantly plenty of silica, in naturally balanced and maintained pasture and dry feed diet. In most cases, feeding calcium

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supplements to horses that have access to natural grains and suitable healthy grasses (with the exception of high oxalate pasture) only creates an imbalance, which is often detrimental.

Prepared horse feed probably also contributes to weaknesses in the modern horse. This is because, although their chemical balances are all very carefully worked out and shown on the packages, the individual ingredients which are blended to create these balances are quite often not natural feed substances for horses, or not in the balance found in nature, and are therefore poorly metabolized.

Also, while it is possible to see if a particular batch of natural feed is not right by its look, smell or feel it is much more difficult to tell if the ingredients of prepared feeds were fresh or healthy when they were ground, blended and made into pellets. Then of course, once you crush a grain, you break down its protective shell and the goodness diminishes very quickly. Far better to keep the feed as natural and unprocessed as possible.

LIGAMENTS: Ligament problems are more difficult to prevent as they more often flow from accidents rather than from dietary or physical neglect. However, it is very simple to use herbs in the diet to ensure the maximum strength and elasticity in ligament development in horses.

Herbs For Structural and Ligament Problems Oats and Millet - Millet and Oats both contain especially high levels of organic silica compounds as well as carbohydrate and many other minerals. As oats can be too hot for some situations, I would suggest that a daily cup

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of Millet as a feed supplement is sufficient to ensure all the silica required to produce tough bones and to aid in recovery from injury.

Linseed - is specific for strength and elasticity of ligaments and attachment points. A cupful (boiled and drained as too much raw linseed can be toxic) daily in a young horse’s diet and regular application of raw linseed oil to the legs of young horses is the very best thing you can do for a growing horse to avoid a working life plagued by ligament injuries.

Both Millet and Linseed appear in my most popular formulation, which dramatically increases the speed of healing of all these sorts of injuries and prevents them from becoming chronic by completely resolving the injury.

Wintergreen and Arnica - are applied topically (applied externally), specifically to improve the circulation around healing, and these are important in assisting the healing process in limb injuries. Both Wintergreen and Arnica are ingredients I include in my creams and oils, but great care must be taken not to make them too strong if you are making them yourself. Slow healing in the equine hoof and lower limb is a direct result of its design and the fact that blood flow is very sparse. Application of Wintergreen and Arnica in anything but the tiniest amounts can cause blistering and counterproductive swelling in most areas of the lower limb.

Also neither of these ingredients should be applied too close to open wounds as neither are antiseptic, and in the early stage of injury they can slow the healing by over stimulating blood flow near open wounds.

Arnica dramatically reduces the swelling associated with all bruising. What is not commonly appreciated is that it also

15

improves the circulation within the bones themselves and will therefore speed healing and to prevent a region of bone bruising area from becoming the site for arthritic problems or even bone cancer in later years.

Yarrow - is a herb which in extract form closes off blood vessels and acts as an astringent to help close up open wounds. Yarrow also stimulates bone marrow health and the production of red blood cells within the bone marrow again supporting the resolution at the most profound levels of damage or weakness following strain or injury.

White Willow Bark - is a herb containing natural salicylates and it is where the first aspirin was produced from. Of course, after humankind learned to produce the active ingredients chemically and were able to patent them, we were no longer interested in the herb, (which incidentally, as a whole herb produces no irritation to the stomach whatsoever). White Willow is a useful ingredient in a bone and ligament treatment program as it reduces inflammation naturally and will reduce stiffness and soreness to allow a more even exercise program during recovery without masking pain artificially, as do drugs.

Comfrey - in spite of occasional bad press, is the most important herb in speeding up healing of structural injuries. Mashed up Comfrey leaves mixed with Linseed Oil makes a poultice which will astound you with the speed at which ligament or bone injuries will completely resolve themselves when used in conjunction with the appropriate selection of other herbs above.

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion it should be clear that there are a large number of simple and inexpensive ways in which herbs can be used to both aid in the maturity of bones in young competition horses, and to repair and resolve injury and strain occasioned by workload or injury. These preventative programs and injury treatments should always be the first considered and you should manage them yourselves. Veterinary

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medicine and surgery should be reserved for those occasions when herbal and home remedies and programs need assistance. It is usually not even necessary to carry out many of the standard tests, scans and Xray examinations to attempt to exactly verify the site or nature of the injury as this mostly does not justify in terms of improved treatment at the cost of such procedures.

Herbs will aid in healing and recovery from injury wherever it is found in the body. Therefore every time you are treating a specific problem the herbs will also seek out other areas of past or impending weakness and take advantage of the opportunity to resolve these without your even knowing it is going on.

Preventative Maintenance is the first and best place to start in ensuring good health.

The exact same herbs discussed above can form the basis of a program for bringing on young stock so that they have much healthier, more mature and more elastic ligaments and bones. Further, these measures are so blindingly simple, cheap and of obvious benefit, that it is impossible to understand why their use is not standard practice in all rearing and training operations.

My standard Tendon and Bone healing treatment mix is described and can be ordered online and dispatched within 24 hrs by going to the relevant section of my product list.

About the Author – Catherine McDowell Medicine of Mother Nature…

I was first introduced to the concept of Herbal Lore when I was very young. I think one of the earliest influences I can remember was from my grandparents, who were very traditional Bathurst farmers of the well known Cox family.

My grandfather had the “people’s home library” which was a compendium of all kinds of home cures.

Herbal Medicine is, at its core, studying nature and the humanities. It’s about observing our diet, our environment and how we respond.

Keeping a balance is difficult in the modern era as we are no longer interacting with our environment in the same way as we may have done even as little as a 100 years ago.

As a Dorothy Hall graduate working along side the well known Robert McDowell for many years and furthering my education with Dennis Stewart, I have developed my own unique application of herbal remedies.

Working primarily with animals (Horses and Dogs) has been the most rewarding.

Having seen herbs work so well in so many cases has proven to me time and again the under-utilised power of herbal medicine. It is heartening to see now Vets, and some Medical Doctors seeing the traditional application of herbs as useful.

My comprehensive service includes free animal consultations 24/7 via my web site, and face to face consultation at 61 Corporation Avenue, Bathurst NSW 2795.

(02) 6332 679 (02) 6331 3937 EMAIL: info@mcdowellsherbal.com WEB: www.mcdowellsherbal.com CLINIC:

DISPENSARY:

Equine Action Qld is a fully registered not-for-profit horse welfare charity

(CH2304) based in the Samford/Dayboro region north west of Brisbane, Qld.

Our service is run entirely by volunteers and we rely on support from the community to increase awareness, provide educational resources and help horses in need. If you’d like to learn more about EAQ or contribute to our vital work follow us on facebook or visit our website: www.eaq.org.au EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

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A major consequence of sweating is the loss of large quantities of water and electrolyte salts – and dehydration.

With the current weather and the relentless heat, it’s time for a refresher on the impact of hot weather on horses and the need for salt. Warmer temperatures, little airflow and high humidity place added stress on horses as they sweat to control body temperature. A major consequence of sweating is the loss of large quantities of water and electrolyte salts – and dehydration. Mild dehydration reduces performance, severe can be life-threatening. Signs of progressing dehydration are unsteady gait, uncoordinated muscle contractions, trembling, and muscle weakness. Horses may lose interest in drinking even when dehydrated. Water is necessary and must not be overlooked when offering salt or electrolyte supplements. Signs of electrolyte depletion include unusual nervousness, muscle tremors, stiffness and heart rate can be elevated.

Two factors that greatly increase a horse’s water and salt requirements are exercise and climate. Even at rest in hot climates, sweating becomes important for regulation of body temperature, but the combination of hot weather, exercise and dehydration increases the risk of overheating and heatstroke. Keep in mind that the cause of sweating is irrelevant (except if due to pain) and it’s not just elite athletes and highperformance horses that are losing electrolytes – pleasure, trail-riding and show horses with a busy schedule are at the same risk as the horse who sweats the same amount training over an Olympic crosscountry course. During exercise when weight loss due to dehydration approaches 4%-5% (= water/sweat loss of 23-28 litres), horses are less able to lose body heat during exercise and body temperature will increase at a faster rate. For temperature regulation and correct body fluid balance, sodium intake must be correct as well as water.

During 3 hours of steady trotting in 21°C and 45% humidity, a horse can lose 25kg in sweat and 250g (= 8 tablespoons) of electrolytes.

At 35°C, blood sodium levels are decreased for up to 26 hours after exercise and even with a daily salt intake of 38g (1 heaped tablespoon), it can take several days to compensate for the sodium loss.

18 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

By Dr Jennifer Stewart Recent research has shown that administration of electrolyte pastes before and during prolonged exercise is safe and efficacious. For example, in one study Arabian horses were given either water or an electrolyte paste before and during 60 km exercise divided into 4 x 15km stretches. The horses were given, 90 minutes before exercise, 75g of a mix made of 50g of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 25g of potassium chloride (KCl) with free access to plain water, and 45g between the 15km legs. The horses drank 24 litres or twice as much water, lost 0.8% compared to 2.8% of their bodyweight and maintained higher blood Na and Cl levels than un-supplemented horses, and recovery time was shortened. So you can take a few syringes of electrolytes and give them during a ride. Don’t do this if water is not freely available or if your horse has stomach ulcers - on an empty stomach, electrolyte pastes and gels can irritate and also cause stomach ulcers.

A horse in a paddock, even in the hottest weather, probably isn’t going to sweat enough to upset their electrolyte levels - with one exception: an older horse with Cushing’s disease. Cushing’s can cause excessive sweating and they may have a winter coat even in summer. These horses can lose significant amounts of salt. A dose of electrolytes can be part of your immediate efforts to make them comfortable, along with a cooling bath. But over the long-term horses with Cushing’s generally need medication and body clipping. And don’t forget your lactating mares who, during the 1st three months of lactation, lose up to 6g of sodium (=15g of salt) per day in milk. Horses travelling in hot environmental conditions also need extra salt. Many do not drink during transit – even when water is freely available. At the end of a 600km trip, horses can be 3% dehydrated and it can take at least 6 hours for fluid and electrolyte balance to begin to approach normal.

Dehydration of 2-3% can cause a 10% reduction in exercise capacity and performance. Correct administration of good quality electrolytes before and during moderate to intense work can increase the time it takes for a horse to fatigue by nearly 23%; that means a horse can work for 23% longer before getting tired.

AUTUMN 2019

Our task is to ensure that the horse is provided with adequate fluid and salt. Of prime importance is daily electrolyte supplementation. For horses on a predominantly hay or pasture diet, potassium (K) intake is usually ample. But Na and Cl are often marginal to frankly deficient – even in horses who are relatively inactive and not losing electrolytes in sweat. Therefore, some form of salt supplementation is a must. For nonexercised horses, voluntary intake from salt/mineral blocks is usually enough to meet Na and Cl requirements. In exercising horses, voluntary salt intake is highly variable and in one study, the intake of four out of six horses was well below even the maintenance requirement. To replace losses from hard work, horses need to consume 50g a day from a salt block - you can weigh blocks regularly to determine intake. So, certainly have a salt block in the stable, feed bin, yard or paddock, but monitor consumption and add extra salt to the feed.

Salt – Epsom salts, sodium chloride iodised, non-iodised, potassium chloride, Himalayan salt, electrolytes?

Which one, how much and when?

Salt is another word for electrolytes. Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium collectively are electrolytes. Epsom salts (magnesium sulphate) has no application in electrolyte replacement protocols. Sodium, chloride and potassium are the primary electrolytes and all are vital for body fluid and acid balance and for normal nerve and muscle function. The relationship between sodium and potassium (a deficiency of which is very rare) is complex. If the body is low in sodium it will conserve sodium by reducing the amount in the urine.

It does this by swapping potassium for sodium in the kidneys – saving the sodium for the body. So, for horses with low blood potassium, the answer is often to increase salt (ie sodium) intake, not potassium!

Himalayan salt is chemically similar to table salt – some are ok for horses, but others not so, due to impurities, so check the analysis.

Some salt crystals from this region have an off-white to transparent colour, while impurities in some veins of salt give it a pink, reddish, or beet-red colour. According to one estimate, Himalayan salt is 98% sodium chloride, with 2% of it being minerals such as magnesium, potassium and calcium – much the same as common table salt. Common table salt can be iodised – iodine is included at 25 to 65 micrograms per gram of salt. Horses require 3.4 – 4.5mg of iodine each day. A good electrolyte product should include key electrolytes lost in sweat (sodium, potassium, chloride). Equine research has established the best protocols for horse salt supplements and transferring human-medicine knowledge to the equine field has proven incompatible.

Gatorade and other human sports drinks are unsuitable as electrolyte replacers because human sweat composition and requirements are different to horses!

The number of electrolyte supplements on the market nowadays is huge and it’s important to read the product labels carefully and take note of the actual quantities of sodium, chloride and potassium in the supplement. The higher the sodium chloride content, generally the better the product. Supplements that contain a lot of sugar (> 15%) and not much else should be avoided - otherwise you will be feeding a lot of sugar and not enough electrolyte. For electrolyte syringes, a good syringe should be delivering at least 20-30g of electrolyte per dose.

ELECTROLYTE 3 replaces the electrolytes lost in sweat, urine and faeces.

Electrolyte losses may be increased by strenuous exercise, hot or humid conditions.

Electrolyte 3 includes only the electrolytes naturally lost by the horse’s body and contains no added bicarbonate or sugars.

Electrolyte depletion may increase fatigue, slow recovery from exercise and depress the normal appetite. Electrolyte 3 is a balanced supplement designed to replace the essential electrolytes.

Sodium & Chloride are essential for maintaining normal electrolyte balance and are the main electrolytes lost in sweat.

Potassium is required for maintaining cellular integrity as well as normal nerve and muscle function including heart muscle.

Magnesium is essential for normal nerve function as well as general metabolism and bone formation.

Calcium is involved in muscle contraction and relaxation and nerve impulse transmission as well as bone formation. Small amounts are lost in sweat.

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How much salt should be added each day? For horses doing moderate daily exercise in cool to moderate temperatures, 25g twice a day increasing to 50g twice a day in hot weather is a good rule-of-thumb.

You can make this at home using straight salt (NaCl) or a 3:1 ratio of NaCl:KCl (KCl is commonly known as ‘Lite’ or ‘Lo-salt’). In reality, horses get ample potassium (K) if they have lots of hay each day. For the horse who is fussy about anything added to his feed, there is a cookie recipe that you can try: 2 cups of grain, 2 cups of rolled oats, 24 ounces of electrolyte mix (commercial or homemade), 3 cups bran, 1 to 2 cups of water and then 1 cup of molasses, maple syrup, or applesauce to sweeten the taste. Mix well and divide into 24 cookies.

Cook at 175°C for 25 to 30 minutes. Each cookie has around 25g of electrolytes. Electrolytes do not necessarily have to be replaced by oral dosing in the same amount as they are lost as daily intake helps.

Providing water alone to a horse with electrolyte imbalances will only further dehydrate your horse – because Na is needed to move the water into the cells.

Water follows salt – just watch what happens to a bowl of salt in wet or humid weather – it gets all gluggy because water is drawn to Na – this is the same process that Na draws water into cells to restore hydration.

However, adding salt to drinking water should be done sensibly and with great care. Trials have found that horses have an abrupt 15-50% reduction in water intake the first day high sodium water was given.

Feed intake dropped 25% in some horses and they lost weight for 3 weeks. Water intake, appetite and weight gain returned to normal when the affected horses’ water supply was reverted to low salt water. Do not exceed 30g of salt per 5 litres of water and always provide separate plain water.

Severe dehydration and electrolyte loss needs to be treated aggressively with urgent veterinary attention and oral and intravenous fluids. Dosing severely dehydrated horses with electrolyte pastes causes water to leave the cells and move into the gut, drawn to the Na from the paste.

This worsens dehydration and is a sadly, not unknown cause of collapse and death in exercising horses.

A simple pinch test of the skin over the shoulder blade and checking the gums moistness and refill time will help assess the presence of dehydration. If the skin is slow to rebound, dehydration is developing.

To check gum refill, press your finger against your horse’s gums and release quickly – the spot will be whitish from the pressure but should return to pink within 2 seconds. If it takes longer, dehydration is present.

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Study with us, study online, study anywhere, study anytime!

Courses on offer include – • Diploma of Performance Horse • Certificate 3 in Performance Horse • Certificate 2 Rural Operations (Equine Focus)

• TVET (HSC) courses Water makes up slightly more than 65% of a horse’s body weight – so a 550kg horse is around 350 litres of water, dissolved in which is 1kg of salt! The aim of electrolyte/salt supplementation is to stimulate drinking and rehydration and to partially restore electrolyte imbalances. Always remember that Na triggers thirst (that’s why we’re always thirsty after eating salty food!) and remember that therefore a horse with reduced body sodium doesn’t feel thirsty – even if it’s dehydrated! If a horse is reluctant to drink seek veterinary support due to risk of serious medical problems during or after exercise, including impaction colic, gut stasis, ‘thumps’ (synchronous diaphragmatic flutter), muscle cramping, and ‘tying-up’ (exertional myopathy). For horses undertaking sustained

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Cookie Recipe 2 cups of grain, 2 cups of rolled oats, 24 ounces of electrolyte mix (commercial or homemade), 3 cups bran, 1 to 2 cups of water and then 1 cup of molasses, maple syrup, or applesauce to sweeten the taste.

Mix well and divide into 24 cookies.

Cook at 175°C for 25 to 30 minutes.

Each cookie has around 25g of electrolytes. exercise (endurance riding, eventing), dehydration and electrolyte loss contribute to the development of premature fatigue. The worst-case scenario involves development of the “exhausted horse syndrome,” a life-threatening medical emergency associated with severe fluid and electrolyte loss, glycogen depletion, and overheating. Regardless of the type of work your horse does, electrolyte losses above those present in the daily feed should always be replaced soon after exercise. If not done, it can take up to 3 days for the horse to obtain enough salt from the daily feed to replenish its levels and the horse looks ‘tucked up’ because of dehydration. Water intake for a 500kg horse is 25-30 litres a day. When rehydrating they may drink upwards of 50 litres a day – but if this is accompanied by excess urination, then you’re probably feeding too much salt.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr Jennifer Stewart (BSc, BVSc, PhD, MRCVS, Dip BEP AAIM)

is an equine veterinarian with over thirty five years of experience. She is also a consultant nutritionist and has formulated feeds, custom mixes and supplements for leading international horse feed manufacturers in Australia, India, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey and the UAE. Dr Stewart is passionate about equine nutrition and it’s role in the management, treatment and prevention of many equine diseases and she is committed to bringing ‘science to the feed bin’.

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If you’d like to learn more about EAQ or contribute to our vital work follow us on facebook or visit our website:

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Horse Feed & Care Needs Pet Food | Stockfeed | Hay | Fencing | Tanks DELIVERY AVAILABLE 07 5534 7020 MOBILE: 0428 733 560 jordan@fieldwaysrural.com.au 1/19 Villers Drive, Currumbin Waters QLD 4223 PHONE:

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YOUNG DRESSAGE ASSOCIATION INC.

2019 Championships 12th – 14th April

BENDICK MURRELL, NSW •

www.youngdressage.com

COMING EVENTS APRIL 2019 SPECIAL EVENTS

4 – 7 6 - 7

BARREL RACING

Australian Barrel Horse Association – Ph: 03 5343 5118 - www.abha.com.au National Barrel Horse Association - Ph: Melissa Kattenberg 0417 071 833 - www.nbha.com.au ABHA – NSW: 6-7 Murrurundi, 7 Nabiac, 7 Tarcutta, 13-14 Badgerys Creek, 14 Moonbi, 21 Branxton, 27-28 Geurie, 27-28 Cooranbong.

QLD: 6-7 Biloela, 13-14 Gracemere, 14 Toogoolawah, 27-28 Gunalda, 27-28 Greymare, 28 CQLX Gracemere.

VIC: 27 Chiltern.

CAMPDRAFTING

ABCRA – Ph: 02 6766 5863 - www.abcra.com.au – ACA – www.campdraft.com.au ABCRA 5-7 Walcha, 13 AQHA Nationals Campdraft, AELEC Tamworth, 26 Stroud Show Draft.

CARRIAGE DRIVING

www.australiancarriagedrivingsociety.org 4 NSW, Dressage & Cones Clinic, Moonbi,NSW - Ph: Liz 0427 766 726 7 QLD, Gold Coast Club, Dressage, 10 am Schuster Park – Ph: Robin Burren 07 5533 8239 13-14 NSW, Ellmore L4 CDE, Frog Event, Hinemoa, NSW – Ph: Kookie Englesman 02 6343 3292 19-21 WA, National CDE Championships, Dwellingup, WA – Ph: Doddi Goile 0433 084 938 21 QLD, Samford Club, Muster, Samford, Qld – Ph: Ian Taylor 0402 431 406 27-28 NSW, ANZAC L 3 CDE, Southern Highlands Carriage Driving Club – Ph: Yvonne 02 4883 6859

CUTTING

National Cutting Horse Ass – www.ncha.com.au – Ph: 02 6765 9356 19-21 QLD, Rocky Cutting Club Inc, Championship, Rockhamton – Ph: Kelly O’Toole 0421 799 525 24-28 NSW, Northern Rivers Cutting Horse Club, Championship, North Star – Ph: Sandi Bennett 0437 344 221

DRESSAGE & EQUESTRIAN

www.dressagensw.com.au – www.vic.equestrian.org.au – www.qld.equestrian.org.au 5 – 6 Dressage New South Wales, Clarendon – Ph; Karen Lever 0405 384 201 – www.dressagensw.com.au 6 Macedon Ranges Dressage Club Championships, Candlebark, Vic – Ph: Lee Towell 0419 449 233 www.macedonrangesdc.com 6 Australian Pony owners & breeders Open Dressage Championships, WPNEC – Ph: EV 03 9013 0707 7 Sydney Dressage Inc, OC/CR, Pr-GP, SIEC, Horsley Park – Ph: Debbie Eisenhauer Rod 0414 736 594 10-14 Victorian Interschools Championships, WPNEC – Ph: Karen Amore 03 9908 3703 12-14 2019 Southern Cross Show Horse Spectacular, SIEC, Horsley Park – Ph: Kerry Patchett 0412 062 084 www.nsw.equestrian.org.au/show-horse 12-14 Young Regional Dressage Championships – Ph: Megan Bryant 0429 831 427 - www.youngdressage.com 14 Equestrian Qld 1 * Event, for all Levels of EQ members, QSEC, Caboolture – Ph: Leesa 0402 033 716 www.caboolturedressage.org.au 14 Coastal Dressage Extravaganza, Boneo Park, Vic – Ph: Lizzy 0431 264 136 26-27 Boneo Park April Dressage Competition, Boneo, Vic – Ph: 03 5906 3006 - www.boneopark.com.au 27-28 Tamworth Dressage Club Championships, Moonbi, NSW – Ph: Allissia Curry 0499 606 696 www.tamworthdressageclub.com 28 Grace Lutheran College, IC Dressage, QSEC, Caboolture, Qld – Ph: Cheree Woodbridge 07 5495 2444 28 Standedbred, Pleasure & Performance Horse State Dressage/ S/jumping Show, WPNEC – Ph: 03 9013 0707

ENDURANCE

www.aeraspace.com.au - www.nswera.asn.au – www.vic.aera.com.au - www.qldendurance.asn.au

EVENTING & SHOWJUMPING

Equestrian Australia – www.equestrian.org.au – Ph: 02 8762 7777 6-8 Lakes & Craters International Horse Trial 2019, (Interschool Qualifier) – Ph: Karen Amore 03 9908 3703 13 Toowoomba Jump Club, ODE, Sh/gr Toowoomba, Qld – Ph: Kathy Humphrey 0407 132 281 13-14 Yeringberg HT, Gruyere, Vic – Ph: Lynne Brown 0416 014 599 25-28 Sydney International Horse Trials, SIEC, Horsley Park, NSW – Ph: Marnie 0427 514 977 www.sydneysieceventing.org.au 27-28 Vic, Heytesbury HT 2019 - Ph: Karen Amore 03 9908 3703 27-28 Vic, Tintern, Interschool Qualifier 2019 - - Ph: Karen Amore 03 9908 3703 26-5th May Aquis Champions Tour, Elysian Fields, Canungra, Qld – Ph: 07 5543 4732 www.elysianfields.com.hk

NATURAL HORSEMANSHIP

Mel Fleming Horsemanship- Ph: Mel 0428 385 745 - www.melfleming.com.au Tanja Kraus Horsemanship – Ph: Tanja 0412 592 033 – www.horsemanshipforperformance.com 19-21 Foundation Clinic, Glenreagh Showground, NSW – Ph: Tanja 0412 592 033 27-29 Advanced Clinic, Glenreagh Showground, NSW – Ph: Tanja 0412 592 033 Ken Faulkner Australian Horsemanship – Ph: Kathy 0427 732 394 - www.australiannaturalhorsemanship.com 5-8 4 Day Savvy Weekend, Esk, Qld – Ph: Belinda Gregson 0488 958 669 11-12 2 Day Horsemanship Clinic, Sydney, NSW – Ph: Nicole Swales 0439 773 019 13-14 2 Day Cowboy Dressage Clinic, Sydney, NSW - Ph: Nicole Swales 0439 773 019 18-22 5 Day Supercamp , Maldon, Vic – Ph: Agnes McCormack 0402 809 639

26 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

The Man From Snowy River Bush Carnival, Corryong, Vic – Ph: Ticketing 02 8381 0928 www.bushfestival.com.au Extreme Down Under Cowboys, WPNEC, Vic – Ph: Sandra Woodall 0417 050 258 www.downunderextremecowboys.com

*All dates are subject to change

AUTUMN 2019

EQUINE NEWS AND TRADE SERVICES DIRECTORY Straight from the Horse’s Mouth

Find more Articles Products - Services News - Events

At www.equinenews.com.au

ti n g a r b e l Ce

10 Y e a r s

COMING EVENTS APRIL 2019 POLO

*All dates are subject to change www.australianpolo.com.au - Ph: Amanda Jansen 0459 272 277 VIC – 6–7 Mt William Tournament @ Mt William, 9-10 Victorian Junior Polo School @ Fultons Lane Polo Club, Near Birregurra, Vic,

13-14 RGR Polo Tournament @ Red Gum Run, 13 Vinyard Polo Rutherglen NSW – 6–7 Timor Ladies@ Murrurundi, 6 Test Match Australia Vs UK , Saturday, Richmond, 13-14 Hawkesbury Polo School, NSW,

13-14 Garangula Polo Club @ Harden, 13-14 Kurri Burri KH Marshall Cup @ Richmond Lowlands, 20-21 Dudley Cup 12 goal @ Windsor,

20-21 Gundalong Polo Club @ Galgong, 22 RAS International, NSW, 23-25 Forbes Polo School @ Forbes, 27-28 Millamolong Polo Club @ Mandurama,

27-28 Killarney Polo Club @Richmond, 27-28 Scone Bob Skinner League @ Gundy.

POLOCROSSE

www.polocrossevic.org.au - www.polocrosse.com.au - www.nswpolocrosse.com.au NSW – Ph: Kaylene Wilson 02 6574 1206 – 7-8 Narrabri MH, 7-8 Bungendore, 20-22 Inverell, 20-22 Junior Coaching Clinic

20-22 Bronze Bit & Silver Spurs, Albury, 20-23 Albury, 28-29 Burradoo, 28-29 Tumberumba.

QLD – Ph: Les Fraser 07 4632 304- 275 – 6-7 Chinchilla MH, 13-14 Cunningham MH, 22-28 Adina World Cup Morgan Park, Warwick,

23-27 Barastoc Interstate Series, Morgan Park, Warwick, Qld. VIC – Ph: Bonnie Goss 0408 936 253 – 6-7 Victorian State Championships (Corio) @ Portland, Vic,

PONY CLUBS

Pony Club Australia – Ph: 03 9596 5390 - www.ponyclubaustralia.com.au 13-16 NSW, 2019 State Sporting, Campdraft, Teampenning, Mounted Games & Team Sporting Championships

Merriwa, NSW – Ph: Wayne Pernice 02 4229 8977 – www.pcansw.org.au 14 Qld, Unofficial Mini Show, Callide Valley Pony Cl – Ph: Tania Sherwell 0409 640 430 - www.pcaq.asn.au 28 Qld, Open Showjumping, Hattonvale Pony Cl – Ph: Patrica Mosqueda 0422 818 644 – www.pcaq.asn.au

REINING

www.reiningaustralia.com.au – Ph: Lynda Gray 0412 479 340 - www.nswrha.com.au – www.vrha.com.au 6 SNSWRHA, Qualifier, Wagga, NSW – www.snswrha.com.au 6-7 SQRHA, Ribbon Show Gatton, Qld – Ph: Chris Wales 0407 856 786 – www.sqrha.com.au 13-14 NSWRHA, Qualifier, Mt Hunter, NSW – Ph: Natasha Day 0418 427 252 24-27 2019 Australia Reining Breeders Classic, Dalby, Qld – Ph: Errol Thomas 0417 617 461 27-28 GVRHA, Ribbon Show, Tatura, Vic – Ph: Carole Moore 0419 338 144 - www.gvrha.com

SPECIAL BREEDS

4-7 4-14 6-7 5-9 11-14

13-14 16-18 17-21 19 20-21 20-25

TEAM PENNING

Team Penning Australia Inc. – Ph: Kylie Mackillop 0457 460 559 – www.teampenningaustralia.com

WORKING EQUITATION

Australian National Working Equitation Ltd - www.anweltd.com.au 7 Macarthur Equitation, Competition, Cobbitty, NSW – www.macweq.com.au 7 MADWEQ, Competition, Gulgong, NSW – Ph: Sue Geering 0427 741 549 – www.madweq.com.au 13-14 TADWE, 3 Phase Competition, Attunga, Tamworth, NSW – Ph: Kim Wilson 0427 733 931 – www.tadwe.com 27 CVWE, Practice Training & G/Meeting, Hawthorne Park, Grafton, NSW – Ph: Chris Fowles 0421 358 373 27-28 WENEC, 4 Phase ANWE**Club Championships, Oxley, Vic. 28 CEI, Working Equitation, Camden, NSW – www.camdenequitation.com.au

CLINICS & COURSES

Also see Natural Horsemanship section for Clinics 4-7 Double Dan Horsemanship, 4 Day Man From Snowy River Show, Cooryong, Vic www.doubledanhorsemanship.com.au 6-7 Mark Langley, Equine Ability, 2 Day Horsemanship Clinic, Black Hill, NSW – Ph: Jenny 0417 200 411 E: jenny@equineability.com.au www.equineability.com.au 9-10 Mark Langley, Equine Ability, Private Tuition Brisbane/ SE Qld - Ph: Jenny 0417 200 411 E: jenny@equineability.com.au - www.equineability.com.au 9-10 Double Dan Horsemanship, 2 Day L1 Ground Control & Body Control under Saddle, Lakes Entrance Vic Ph: Sophie 0478 800 445 11-12 Double Dan H/manship, 2 Day Farm World Show, Lardnen Vic- www.doubledanhorsemanship.com.au 11-12 Mark Langley, Equine Ability, 2 Day Horsemanship Clinic, Gatton, Qld - Ph: Jenny 0417 200 411 E: jenny@equineability.com.au - www.equineability.com.au 13-14 Mark Langley, Equine Ability, 2 Day H/manship Clinic, Bellara Prk, Beaudesert, Q - Ph: 0417 200 411 E: jenny@equineability.com.au - www.equineability.com.au 16-17 Double Dan Horsemanship, 2 Day Liberty L 1 & L 2 Clinic, Springfield, Vic – Ph: Sophie 0478 800 445 www.doubledanhorsemanship.com.au 23-25 Mark Langley, Equine Ability, 3 Day Tutored Trail Riding Clinic, Eugowra, NSW - Ph: Jenny 0417 200 411 E: jenny@equineability.com.au - www.equineability.com.au

ASHS NSW, Man From Snowy River Stockman’s Challenge, Cooryong, Vic – Ph: 02 6076 1992 Australian Quarter Horse Association National Finals, Q19, AELEC, Tamworth, NSW – Ph: 02 6762 6444 www.aqha.com.au Paint Horse Vic Banch, State Show, Tomunbuk Eq/Ctr, Bunyip North, Vic - E: ypha2013@hotmail.com National Pony of the Year Show SIEC, Horsley Park, NSW – Ph: 0414 908 575 – www.wpcs.com.au ASHS, Super Horse Challenge Challenge & Victorian Branch ASH Team Challenge @ 2019 Farm World, Larden, Vic Ph: Larry Cutler 0448 194 599 or Jennifer Emanuel 0437 271 085 – www.ashs.com.au ASHS West Morton Branch Annual Futurities, Maturities & Challenges, Esk Qld – Ph: Roslyn 0458 441 923 2019 Halter Breeders Group Western Breeders Congress, AELEC, Tamworth - Ph: AELEC 02 6767 5658 www.halterbreedersgroup.com.au 2019 Miniature Horse of Australia Inc, National Show (30 Years), SIEC, Horsley Park, NSW Ph: Barb Voysey 0418 821 100 - www.mhaa.com.au Clydesdale Annual Feature Show, Castlemaine, Vic – Ph: Debbie Hamilton 0413 339 058 ASHS East Morton Br. 26th Annual Futurity, Maturity & Challenge, Woolmar, Qld – Ph: 0419 760 640 2019 Paint Horse Association of Australia(PHAA) National Show, AELEC, Tamworth – Ph: 02 6884 5513 www.painthorse.com.au

Jennifer Boyle

Equine Therapies

Equine Acupuncture 0425 354 648 Based near Casino Covering Northern Rivers and extended regions Jennifer Boyle Equine Therapies

EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

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COMING EVENTS MAY 2019 SPECIAL EVENTS

3-12

BARREL RACING

Australian Barrel Horse Association – Ph: 03 5343 5118 - www.abha.com.au ABHA – NSW – 5 Nabiac, 5 Moonbi, 11-12 Branxton, 11 Boxers Creek, 18-19 Murrurundi, 18 Tarcutta, 25 Cooranbong, 26 Deniliquin, 25-26 Lake Cargelligo, 26 Branxton.

QLD – 11-12 Toogoolawah,19 Biloela, 25 Arrow Park, Beaudesert, 25-26 Paradise Park.

VIC – 5 Chiltern.

National Barrel Horse Association - Ph: Melissa Kattenberg 0417 071 833 - www.nbha.com.au

CAMPDRAFTING

ABCRA - www.abcra.com.au – ACA – www.campdraft.com.au ABCRA – 4-5 Willawarrin, 10-12 Big River Draft, 10 Warialda, 11-12 Walgett,11-12 Cudal, 17-19 Bundara, Geurie Golden Bit Draft, 24-26 Gloucester.

CARRIAGE DRIVING

Australian Carriage society – www.australiancarriagedrivingsociety.org 4 NSW, Indoor/Outdoor Qualifier, Rosemont, Goulburn, NSW – Ph: John Moyes 02 4837 3023 11-12 Qld, Caboolture Club, Graded Dressage & Cones – Ph: Jill Seary 0452 220 977 12 NSW, Tamworth Club, Long Reining Clinic, Moonbi – Ph: Liz 0427 766 726 18-19 NSW, Indoor/Outdoor Qualifier, Murrami, NSW – Ph: Kerrie 0428 414 518 19 Qld, Gold Coast Club, Novelties, Schuster Park – Ph: Robin Burren 07 5533 8239 19 Qld, Range Club, 3 Phase Event, Goombungee – Ph: Greg Bowlder 02 4630 4990

CUTTING

National Cutting Horse Ass – www.ncha.com.au – Ph: 02 6765 9356 10-12 Peel Valley Cutting Cl, Championship, Barraba, NSW – Ph: Nadean McKenna 0428 772 034 27-9th June 2019 National Cutting Horse Ass Futurity, AELEC, Tamworth, NSW – Ph: 02 6765 9356

DRESSAGE & EQUESTRIAN

Equestrian Australia – Ph: 02 8762 7777 – www.equestrian.org.au 1-4 OTTO Sports Aust., SYDNEY CDI 2019, SIEC Horsley Park – Ph: Toni 0418 686 781 www.sydneycdi.com 4 Tweed Valley Equestrian Group, Ch/ships, Murwillumbah, NSW – Ph: Ange 0407 662 88 www.tveg.org.au 10-11 Boneo May Dressage Competition, Boneo Park, Vic – Ph: 03 5986 3006 – www.vic.equestrian.org.au 11-12 Show Horse Qld, Pryde’s Easifeed Horse of the Year 2019, Park Ridge Qld Ph: Andrew 0415 244 071 15-16 Boneo Winter Championships. Boneo Park, Vic – Ph: 03 5986 3006 – www.vic.equestrian.org.au 18-19 Western Dressage Sanctioned Show QSEC, Caboolture, Qld – Ph: Heather Marr 0419 649 760 19 VDC Open Competition Part 1, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic – Ph: Joanne Lee-Archibald 0408 907 197 24-27 Northern Rivers NSW Show Horse Assoc Inc, Hack Championships, S/gr, Lismore, NSW

Ph: Tanya Stuart 0439 547 985 – www.showhorsecouncilaust.com.au 22 VDC Open Competition Part 2, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic – Ph: Joanne Lee-Archibald 0408 907 197 25-26 Standardbred Pleasure & Performance Horse, Champagne Dressage Series State Championships in

Dressage & Showjumping, WPNEC, Werribee ,Vic – Ph: 0427 004 821 - www.spphav.org.au 26 REA Wagga Wagga DC, Wagga, NSW – Ph: Karen Lever 0405 384 201 – www.reaclubs.com.au 30-2nd June SHCQ Rising Star & Children’s Spectacular, QSEC, Caboolture, Qld – Ph: Sean Aylett 0438 118 267

EVENTING & SHOWJUMPING

Ph: 02 8762 7777 – www.equestrian.org.au 4 Frazer Coast Horse Trials, Sh/gr, Maryborough, Qld – www.qld.equestrian.org.au 4 The Vines CSII**, E: kevin.tully@westernpower.com.au – www.vic.equestrian.org.au 4-5 Hygain Jumping Junior & YR Squad Training, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic – E: jumping@equestrianvictoria.com.au 4-5 Boneo SJ Series, Boneo Park, Vic – Ph: 03 5986 3006 - www.boneopark.com.au 10 Marcus Oldham Ballarat Interschool Horse Trials 2019 (Qualifier), Vic – E: friendsofballaratht@gmail.com 11-12 YVJC Freshman Day, Waddin Park, Vic – Ph: Toni 0432 217 446 – www.yarravalleyjumpclub.com.au 11-12 Friends of Ballarat International HT, Ballarat, Vic – Ph: 03 0707 9013 - www.veis.com.au 25 Friends of Woady Horse Trials (Interschool Qualifier 2019 - Ph: Sandra Vicary 02 6031 2228 25 Hygain Jumping Junior & YR Squad, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic – E: jumping@equestrianvictoria.com.au

NATURAL HORSEMANSHIP

Mel Fleming Horsemanship – Ph: 0428 385 745 – www.melfleming.com.au 9 -13 Intermediate Ground work, Riding and Postural Development & Rehabilitation, Private Lessons, Saddle Fitting sessions or Bodywork/

PEMF sessions available upon request – For more details visit – www.melfleming.com.au Ken Faulkner Australian Horsemanship – Ph: Kathy 0427 732 394 – www.australiannaturalhorsemanship.com 3 -12 Brumby Safari, Esk, Qld – Ph: Lorraine Decker 0407 626 396 18-31 14 Day Supercamp, Esk, QLD – Ph: Kathy Stewart 0427 732 394 Tanja Kraus Horsemanship - Ph: Tanja 0412 592 033 - www.horsemanshipforperformance.com 2 -11 Elevate 10 Day Camp, Allenview, Qld – Ph: Tanja 0412 592 033

POLO

www.australianpolo.com.au - Ph: Amanda Jansen 0459 272 277 NSW - 4-5 Arunga P C, Richmond, 4-5 Forbes P C, Forbes, 4-5 Scone P C, 4-5 Scone Bob Skene League,

11-12 Scone Muswellbrook Cup, 11-12 Windsor P C Richmond, 11-12 Goulburn P C, 18-19 Mudgee P C ,

18-19 Riverlands Ladies, 25-26 Triple Crown (Interclub competition), 25-26 Scone Peisley Cup. QLD 4-5 SEQPC, Willowcroft, 4-5 BPEC, Avalon Low Goal, Avalon, 11-12 SEQPC, Willowcroft, 11-12 Avalon Low, Goal, Avalon, 18-19 Downs Cup, Clifton,

18-19 BPEC, Avalon Low Goal, Avalon, 25-26 SEQPC Lance Shepherd Memorial, 25-26 BPEC, Avalon Low Goal, Avalon.

POLOCROSSE

www.polocrossevic.org.au - www.polocrosse.com.au – www.nswpolocrosse.com.au NSW – 5-6 Milton-MH, 12-13 Quirindi + Trans Tasman, 12-13 Hall, 12-13 Holbrook, 19-20 Cassilis, 19-20 Canberra, 26-27 NSW Zone Championships, Muswellbrook.

QLD – 11-12 Alton Downs, 11-12 Townsville MH, 11-12 Killarney, 18-19 Monto MH, 18-19 Tambo MH, 25-26 Galliope, Night Chukkas, 25-26 Wild River,

25-26 Charleville.

Scone Horse Festival, Scone, NSW – Ph:02 6540 1300 – www.sconehorsefestival.com.au

EDMANIA E F Caboolture

“Your one stop feed shop” OPEN 7 DAYS

Shop 5, 2-6 Paul Court Jimboomba Qld 4280 9am – 5pm Weekdays & Saturday 9am – 3pm

(07) 5548 7385 www.horsenrideronline.com.au

28 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

(07) 5495 1961 Shop 1/54 Beerburrum Rd, Caboolture, Qld 4510

AUTUMN 2019

www.tuffrock.net HEAD OFFICE & FACTORY

T: +61 2 4936 1899 E: technical@tuffrock.net

PONY CLUBS

www.ponyclubvic.org – Ph 03 9596 5390 www.pcansw.org.au – Ph: 02 4229 8977 www.pcaq.asn.au – Ph: 07 3216 1255 4 – 5 VIC, 2019 Horseland State Horse Trials, Championships, Gladysdale, Vic – Ph: Linda Smith 03 9712 0330 12 QLD, Open Showjumping, Charters Towers, Qld – Ph: PCA Qld 07 3216 1255 26 QLD, The Ultimate Allrounder Samford,Qld – Ph: PCA Qld 07 3216 1255 - www.ponyclubvic.org.au 26-29 VIC, 2019 Mounted Games Pairs Competition – Ph: Linda Smith 03 9712 0330 – www.pcaq.asn.au

REINING

www.reiningaustralia.com.au – Ph: Lynda Gray 0412 479 340 - www.nswrha.com.au – www.vrha.com.au 4 SNSWRHA, Training Day, Wagga. NSW – www.snswrha.com.au 4 – 5 VRHA, Autumn Rein & Shine Show, WPNEC, Werribee – Ph: Kristy Hobson 0423 673 372 – www.vrha.com.au 15-19 GVRHA, Buckle & Slide Qualifier, Tatura, Vic – Ph: Carole Moore 0419 338 144 – www.gvrha.com 18-19 QRHA, Show QSEC, Caboolture Qld – Ph: Lynda Gray 0412 479 340 – www.qrha.org.au 25-26 TRHA, Qualifier Show, Paceway, Tamworth, NSW – Ph: Michelle 0475 220 009 – www.tamworthreining.com

SPECIAL BREEDS

2-5 4-5 5 8-12 11 11 18 15-18 18-19 18-19 25-26 26

Queensland Arabian Challenge Show QSEC, Caboolture – Ph: Janice 0418 772 084 – www.ahaq.asn.au 42nd Anniversary Gatton H/ Horse Field days, Sh/gr, Gatton – Ph: 0428 621 744 www.gattonheavyhorses.com.au WPCS, 26TH Anniversary Gippsland & Peninsula RPG Foal Show, Clyde North, Vic – Ph: Angela 0417 561 265 www.wpcs.com.au Australian Miniature Horse Society Inc, 2019 National Show, AELEC Tamworth,NSW - Ph: 02 6767 5658 www.amhs.com.au WDQHA, A Show, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic – Ph: Karl 0417 391 936 – www.whqha.com N/ East Border WP & Cob Soc NEB Annual All Breeds Foal Show, Tatura, Vic – Ph: Fiona Forge 02 6026 0612 IMHR Qld Youngstock Show, Sh/grounds, Caboolture – Cont: Nicole E: imhrqld@gmail.com – www.imhr.com.au National Pleasure H Ass, Specialty & Celebration Shows, SIEC – Ph:0422 113 987 www.npha.com.au St Heliers Field Days, Muswellbrook, NSW – Ph: Kylie 0428 225 230 – www.stheliersheavyhorse.org.au ASHS, Far N/Coast Br, Challenge & Campdraft , Grafton, NSW – Ph: 0418 437 276 - www.ashs.com.au ASHS, E/Downs Br, Annual Futurities, Maturity, Challenges & Campdraft, Allora, Qld – Ph: Shelly07 4666 6200 2019 AMHS Queensland Young Stock Show , Sh/gr, Woodford, Qld - Ph: 0448 836 577 www.amhs.com.au

WORKING EQUITATION

3-5 25-26

2019 Australian Working Equitation Nationals, AELEC, Tamworth – www.anwensw.com.au E: Andrew.mulligan070@gmail,com Clarence Valley WE, Training & Competition, Grafton. NSW – Ph: Christine Fowles - 0421 358 373 www.clarencevalleyworkingequitation.com

CLINICS & COURSES

Also see Natural Horsemanship section for Clinics 6 -11 Double Dan Horsemanship, 5 Day colt starting clinic, Kootingal, NSW – Ph: Sophie 0478 800 445

E: sophie@doubledan.com - www.doubledanhorsemanship.com.au 16-19 Mark Langley, Equine Ability, 4 Day Tutored Trail Riding Clinic, Mudgee, NSW – Ph: Jenny 0417 200 411

E: jenny@equineability.com.au - www.equineability.com.au 27-30 4 Winds Reiki, , Shoden & Equine Reiki, Foundation Training, Gatton, Qld - Ph: Julie Abrahams 0404 470 571 www.reikiforhorses.com.au 27-31 Double Dan Horsemanship, 5 Day Horsemanship Camp Clinic, Kootingal, NSW – Ph: Sophie 0478 800 445

E: sophie@doubledan.com - www.doubledanhorsemanship.com.au

State-of-the-Art Arena company naming rights sponsor for international dressage event Australia’s premium equestrian surface supplier, OTTO SPORT AUSTRALIA, will once again be naming rights sponsor for the nation’s premier international dressage event, the 2019 Sydney CDI***.

OTTO SPORT AUSTRALIA debuted as the event’s premium sponsor last year following the much-lauded installation of the new surface in both the indoor and warm-up arenas of Sydney International Equestrian Centre (SIEC).

OTTO footings provide customised solutions for every equestrian discipline.

The makeover to SIEC’s Indoor and Arena 6 surfaces includes ebband-flow watering systems, OTTO Perforated Mats and superfine, sub-angular silica sand with geotextile fabric and fibres. This system provides maximum drainage, water conservation, concussion mitigation and stability for horse and rider.

Feedback from competitors on the new surface was extremely positive at the 2018 event, with winner of the Equestrian NSW Grand Prix Freestyle CDI Judy Dierks commenting she was “so happy that I got to see in my lifetime a fabulous surface here” following her win.

Heath Ryan and Utopian Cardinal after competing on the new OTTO SPORT AUSTRALIA surface at last year’s Sydney CDI. Picture: Franz Venhaus.

The 2019 OTTO SPORT AUSTRALIA Sydney CDI will be held at SIEC from May 1 to 4, and features competitions from Advanced to Grand Prix, Young Horse and Jumping and Eventing dressage competitions will be held on Saturday.

Attracting top riders from around Australia, this year’s line-up will include the CDI 3*, CDI-U25 (for riders under 25 competing at Grand Prix level), CDI-Y for Young Riders 16 to 21 years, CDI-P (International Pony) for riders aged 12-16 years and for the first time, a CDI-J for Junior riders aged between 14 and 18 years.

Last year’s event featured the largest entries in four years, and Event Director Toni Venhaus was hopeful the feat would be repeated in 2019.

Tickets for the event have already gone on sale, and seats for the ever-popular Saturday evening Grand Prix Freestyle to Music event are selling out fast.

“Dressage NSW is continually striving to ensure this event meets and even exceeds world-class standards,” Toni said.

For more information about the event or to purchase tickets, visit the event website at: www.sydneycdi.com

“The fabulous surfaces provided by OTTO SPORT AUSTRALIA contributes to the high quality of the event.”

Information on OTTO SPORT AUSTRALIA: http://www.bsmsportequestrian.com.au/ottosport/

EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

29

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COMING EVENTS JUNE 2019 BARREL RACING

ABHA – Ph: 03 5343 5118 - www.abha.com.au – NSW – 1 Geurie, 1-2 Nabiac, 2 Moonbi, 15-16 Badgerys Creek, NSW – 15-16 Murrurundi, 22 Cooranbong, 23 Branxton, , 22 Cooranbong, 23 Branxton, 29 Geurie.

QLD – 8-9 Paradise Lagoon, 14-16 Warwick, 22-23 Biloela, 29 Toogoolawah.

CAMPDRAFTING

ABCRA – 02 6766 5863 – www.abcra.com.au - ACA – 07 4622 3110 – www.campdraft.com.au ABCRA – 1-2 Ulmara, 6-10 Coonamble, 8-9 Maclean Show Draft, 29-30 Weengallon JNR Draft.

CARRIAGE DRIVING

1-2 1-2 9-10 23

NSW, Indoor / Outdoor Qualifier, Tumut – Ph: Debbie Dunn 0407 472 361 Vic, Indoor Qualifier, Koonoomoo – Ph: Dawn Walter 0439 987 243 NSW, Indoor / Outdoor Qualifier, Moonbi – Ph: Liz 0427 766 726 QLD Show Driving Championships, QSEC, Caboolture – Ph: Jill Seary 0452 220 977

CUTTING

22-28

Qld, Comet River Cutting, Futurity / Aged Event Show – Ph: Marg Minns 0427 305 331- www.ncha.com.au

DRESSAGE & EQUESTRIAN

6-9 8-9 15-16 15-17 22-23 23 24 28-30 30

DNSW, Clarendon Winter Festival, Clarendon, NSW – Ph: Karen Lever 0405 384 201- www.dressagensw.com.au South East Qld Western Dressage Sanctioned Show, QSEC, Caboolture, Qld – Ph: Heather Marr 0419 649 760 VEIS Grand Final Interschools, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic – Ph: Karen Amore 03 9908 3703 Boneo Park Winter Dressage Series – Ph: Liz 03 5986 3006 – www.boneopark.com.au Northern QLD Show Horse Championships, Mackay, Qld – Ph: Jordan 0488 179 800– www.shcq.com.au WPVDC, Open Competition, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic - Ph: Sue Taylor 03 9013 0707 ext 400 – www.vic.equestrian.org.au Dressage Series Round 2, Whittlesea/ Plenty Valley DC, Yarrambat, Vic – Ph: Jan Donald 0413 360 083 2019 Queensland Youth Dressage Championships, QSEC, Caboolture, Qld – Ph: Leesa Murray 0402 033 716 2019 Hawkesbury DC Young Riders Championships – SIEC, Horsley Park – Ph: Sally Barbera 0416 110 066

EVENTING & SHOWJUMPING

1-2 6-10 8-10 15-16 22-23 22-23 28-29

2019 Boneo Showjumping Series, Boneo Park, Vic – Ph: Liz 03 5986 3005 – www.boneopark.com.au Furphy Media Melbourne International 3 DE, WPNEC – Ph: Susan 0418 397 443 www.vic.eqestrian.org.au Winter Jumping Festival, Eq/Park, Camden, NSW – Ph: 0439 982 471 – www.jumpingnsw.equestrian.org.au Hygain Jumping Junior YR Squad, Tatura Park, Vic – Ph: Nina Lewis 0419 5134 788 Warwick Horse Trials, Morgan Park, Warwick Qld – Ph: EQ 07 1891 6611 – secretary@warwickhorsetrials.org.au JNSW Indoor Competition, SIEC, Horsley Park, NSW – Ph: Peter 02 8762 7777 – ssjc@gmail.com ISHE Interschools NSW, Eventing – Ph: Vicki Burgess 02 6747 3887 - E: eventing.nsw@bigpond.com

NATURAL HORSEMANSHIP

Ken Faulkner Australian Horsemanship – Ph: Kathy Faulkner 0427 732 394 – www.australiannaturalhorsemanship.com 13-14 2 Day Cowboy Dressage Clinic, Esk, Qld – Ph: Belinda Gregson 0488 958 669 15-16 Queensland Cowboy Dressage Championships, Esk, Qld - Ph: Belinda Gregson 0488 958 669

POLOCROSSE

www.polocrossevic.org.au - www.polocrosse.com.au – www.nswpolocrosse.com.au NSW – 02 6747 1387 2-3 Moss Vale, 2-3 Wagga, 9-11 NSW Club Championships Bunnan, 16-17 Gum Creek, 23-24 Bingara, 23-24 Dunedoo, 30-1st July Maitland,

30-1st July Pallamallawa, 30-1st July Barkool, 30-1st July Jugiong.

QLD: 07 4632 3045 1 2 Lower Burdekin, 1-2 Bollon, 1-2 Lockyer, 8-9 Emerald, 8-9 Cunnamulla, 8-9 QPA Womens, Toowoomba, 15-16 Lawrence/Nebo M/H,

15-16 Tara, 22-23 Pyramid, 22-23 Eulo, 22-23 Stanley Rivers, 29-30 Capella, 29-30 Wild River, 29-30 St George, 29-30 Quilpie.

PONY CLUBS

30 30

PCAV, 2019 Horseland Mounted Games Teams Challenge, Eq/Ctr, Yarra Junction – Ph: 03 8685 8925 PCAQ, Open Hunter Trials, Karana Downs, Qld – Ph: PCAQ 07 3216 1255 – www.pcaq.asn.au

REINING

1-2 4-8 22-23 22-23 22-23 28-30 29

NSWRHA, 4th Qualifier, K Ranch, Mt Hunter, NSW – Ph; James 0407 060 494 – Natasha 0418 427 252 Pacific Coast Spectacular, Gatton, Qld – Ph: Chris Wales 0407 856 786 – www.sqrha.com.au TRHA, Ribbon Show, Paceway, Tamworth, NSW – Ph: Mandy 0408 669 011 – www.tamworthreining.com QRHA, Ribbon Show, QSEC, Caboolture, Qld - Ph: Lynda Gray 0412 479 340 – www.qrha.org.au GVRHA, Ribbon Show, Tatura, Vic – Ph: Carole Moore 0419 338 144 – www.gvrha.com Western Downs Ribbon Show Qld- Ph: Lynda Gray 0412 479 340 – www.qrha.org.au SNSWRHA, Qualifier Show, Wagga, NSW – Ph: Natasha Day 0418 427 252 – www.nswrha.com.au

SPECIAL BREEDS

1-2 9 15-16 22 30-2nd July

The Commonwealth Clydesdale Heavy Horse Show, Horsley Park, NSW – Ph: Glenda 0437 520 588 All Breeds Show Soc Inc, Foal Show, Equestrian Park, Elmore, Vic - Ph: 03 5432 6176 Scenic Rim Clydesdale Spectacular, Sh/Gr, Boonah, QLD – Ph: Wendy 0427 965 393 or Beth 07 5463 1124 Sydney QHA, Show Sugarloaf Eq/Ctr, Cobbity, NSW – Ph: Leanne Somerville 0421 055 251 Gatton QH & Performance Horse Assoc , Show, Eq/Ctr, Gatton, Qld – Ph: Kara Johnstone 0407 004 533

WORKING EQUITATION

2 8-9 22-23

MADWEQ, Competition, Gulgong,NSW – Ph: Sue Geering 0427 741 549 – www.madweq.com.au TADWE, Competition, Attunga, Tamworth, NSW – Ph: Kim Wilson 0427 733 931 - www.tadwe.com Clarence Valley WE,Practice, Training, G/Meeting & Comp, Grafton, NSW- Ph: Christine 0421 358 373

CLINICS & COURSES

29-30

Mark Langley, Equine Ability, 2 Day Horsemanship Clinic, Jaspers, Paynes Crossing, NSW - Ph: 0417 200 411

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30 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

AUTUMN 2019

AGRICULTURAL SHOWS APRIL • MAY • JUNE 2019 NSW – Ph: 02 9879 6777 www.agshowsnsw.org.au QLD – Ph: 07 3277 7747 www.queenslandshows.com.au VIC – Ph: 03 5441 5555 www.vicagashows.com.au

APRIL NSW – Ph: 02 9879 6777 5-6 Camden, 5-6 Gloucester, 12-23 SYDNEY ROYAL EASTER, 22 Jerrawa, 26-28 Gunnedah, 26-27 Gilgandra, 26-27 Moree, 26-27 Stroud, 26-27 Wauchope, 30-1st May Kempsey.

QLD –Ph: 07 3277 774 6 -7 Kilcoy, 5-6 Wandoan, 12-13 Dalby, 12-13 Nanango, 13 Gayndah, 13 Maryborough, 20 Mt Perry, 27 Dirranbandi, 27 Goombungee-Haden, 27 Tambo, 27 The Caves, 27-28 Monto, VIC – Ph: 03 5441 5555 11-14 Farm World Lardner Park, 26-27 East Gippsland Field Days.

MAY NSW – Ph: 02 9879 6777 3-4 Bonalbo, 3-4 Bathurst Royal Show, 3-4 Macksville, 3-5 Narrabri, 4-5 Central Coast Regional Show (Gosford), 5 Woodenbong, 7-8 Maclean, 9-10 Warialda, 10-11 Grafton, 10-12 Hawkesbury, 11 Bourke, 11-12 Walgett, 11-12 Orange, 14 Yeoval, 17-18 Cobar, 17-19 Coffs Harbour, 17-19 Wee Waa, 18-19 St Ives, 18 Wellington, 19-20 Nyngan, 24-26 Dubbo, 25-26 Bingara, 25-26 Bellingen, 28-29 Coonamble.

QLD – 07 3277 7747 3-4 Barcoo, 3-4 Goondiwindi, 3-4 Wallumbilla, 4 Rocklea, 4- 5 South Burnett, 5 Eidsvold, 5 St George, 6-7 Taroom, 9-11 Roma, 10-11 Barcaldine, 10-11 Marburg, 10-11 Mundubbera, 11 Baralaba, 11 Crows Nest, 13-14 Mitchell, 13-14 Theodore, 16-18 Charleville, 16-18 Gympie, 16-18 Callide Valley, 19 Biggenden, 17-19 Brookfield, 17-19 Ipswich, 18 Blackbutt, 18 Longreach, 18-19 Comet River, 21 Miles, 21-22 Alpha, 23-24 Frazer Coast, 24-25 Capella, 24-25 Chinchilla, 24-25 Esk, 25 Cunnamulla, 25 Isis, 25 Isisford, 28-29 Clermont, 29 Bundaberg, 29-31 Boonah, 31-1st June Maleny, 31-1st June Springsure, 31-2nd June Hughenden.

VIC – Ph: 03 5441 5555 17-18 Mildura Field Days.

JUNE NSW – Ph: 02 9879 6777 1 Gulargambone, 8 Warren.

QLD – 07 3277 7747 1 Ridgelands, 1-2 Gin Gin, 4-5 Emerald, 7-8 Toogoolawah, 7-9 Caboolture, 7-9 Winton, 8 Landsborough, 8-9 Yeppoon, 12-14 Rockhampton, 14-15 Lowood, 14-16 Cloncurry, 14-16 Sunshine Coast, 15The Tee Bar, 16 Pioneer Valley, 18-20 Mackay, 21-22 Kalbar, 21-22 Mt Isa, 21-22 Proserpine, 21-22 Woodford, 22-23 Mt Larcom, 25 Bowen, 25 Burdekin, 28-29 Rosewood, 28-30, Redcliffe, 29-30 Mudgeeraba.

VIC – Ph: 03 5441 5555 28-30 2019 Vas Ltd, Convention, Camperdown, Vic

Something wonderful is about to happen Saturday & Sunday 25th - 26th May 2019 Bellingen Showground www.bellingenshow.com.au

EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

31

A Horse Farm Attachment The most common horse farm in the country probably looks like this: 5 to 50 acres, 2 – 5 horses, 2 - 5 paddocks and a shed that sometimes doubles as a gear shed, horse stable and feed room. Now, to manage the farm there is probably a wheel barrow with a tyre that keeps going down, a quad bike or ATV an arena rake that has a broken draw bar but bounces around everywhere anyway and horse manure building up in the manure heap or making the paddocks look like a moonscape…. particularly in this endless drought. Most paddocks are desperate for a little aerating and a little fertiliser.

What can you do to manage 1 or all of these issues that are so common? Traditionally the implements or attachments that are on the market are built to a price and the real value to spend ratio is realised about 3 months into the life of the equipment. It breaks, doesn’t do what it claims and your always stopped fixing or adjusting and they are a 1 trick “pony” any way you look at it. I may paint a bleak picture but that is the truth of it.

QRM

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Interlocking drainage mats.

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Horse Float Insert .. A super ’grippy’ cloth insertion rubber comes in 6, 8, 10mm and 1.65 to 2mtr widths. Ideal for non-slip and anti-fatigue flooring. Available in 12mtr rolls or by the metre.

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Email : sales@qrm.net.au www.qrm.net.au 32 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

There is now a solution! ABI Attachments (pronounced A.B.I Attachments) is an innovative attachment developer that has specifically addressed the mentioned demographic and issues. They supply attachments that multi task such as the Rascal Pro. Not only one of the worlds most popular ATV/Quad pulled arena rakes, but is a road grader, paddock harrow, bush fire break rake and the list goes on.

The ABI Manure spreader is quickly becoming a must for horse farms as it allows you to return your manure back to your pastures thus utilising your manure as a fertiliser not a waste product. You can also layer the manure with fertiliser, lime or whatever your paddocks need – spreading both at the same time eliminating double even triple handling.

The TR3 is a small tractor 3 point attachment that has taken the US by storm as it can do your roads, landscaping, fence lines, seed preparation and it also has the finesse to manage your arena to an unmatched level of quality. The TR3 is unique in design so that it has about 15-minute learning curb, so experience is unnecessary.

Importantly, the ABI Attachments designers have designed maintenance more or less out of the attachments. The Rascal pro and TR3 need nothing – no grease, no oil – zip! The Manure Spreader has 3 grease points that may need attention once a ¼ depending on amount of work…that’s it. As horse people generally have an inherent aversion to spanners and grease this is a good thing. Spare parts do exist but are widely reported as never needed due to the commercial grade materials and construction.

There are options to automate most attachments, so if for one reason or another you need to lighten the load in operation even further you can select from a range of options, so the attachment works for you easier and faster than by manual operation.

It really is worth a look over the web site to see how these attachments can in more than one way bring added value to your farm. Value is key when we talk about ATV, Quad and tractor attachments because these tools need to make work easier for the operator, work hard themselves and last years.

www.abiattachments.com.au 1800 609 669 AUTUMN 2019

HOOF-BUILDING HEALTH

By Amy Snow & Nancy Zidonis

Hoof health is a life or death matter. This makes hoof care one of the most essential aspects of horse care. A horse must be able to instantaneously take off at a dead run to flee from a predator. His survival depends on his hooves.

The hoof itself is an astounding structure that is required to perform amazingly. The hoof sustains thousands of pounds of concussion, flexes upon impact, absorbs shock while sensing the ground below, and then responds in less than an instant to variations in terrain. The horse’s weight-bearing capacity is completely based on the strength and flexibility of the sole, bars, frog, and walls of the hoof.

Evolution of the horse wasn’t wrong: the natural hoof really is designed to perform on all kinds of surfaces and absorb the huge impact of a massive horse on its four strong legs running at top speed and jumping over hedges. In the last two decades, leading researchers have come to agree that natural, barefoot trimming provides the hoof the best chances of preventing and healing injuries and disease.

Blood plays a vital role in horse and hoof health. Nutrient-rich blood nourishes the diverse hoof tissues. Plus, the hoof acts as a pump, which upon impact pumps blood up through the horse’s legs, thus further nourishing the muscles, bones, joints, tendons and ligaments. This pumping action helps the heart by relieving some of the stress on the heart when the horse is in motion.

The domesticated horse may not have the advantages that wild horses have that lead to healthy hooves. Horses in the wild build strong hooves by traveling 20 to30 miles per day over a variety of terrains, eating a variety of grasses and other nutrients. Our ability to provide our horses with sufficient exercise on varying surfaces and the proper nutrients to support healthy hooves can be limited, though we do the best we can.

Point Location Sp 6 3 inches above the tip of the medial malleolus, just behind the saphenous vein.

Liv 2 Found on the medial aspect of the hind limb below the fetlock joint.

Liv 3 Found on the cannon bone at the level of the head of the medial splint bone.

Acupressure Support While we can’t completely create natural living conditions for our horses to support their own hoof-building, we can offer them an acupressure session once a week that supports the natural, balanced flow of blood and life-promoting energy called “chi” in Chinese medicine.

The intent in offering your horse a general acupressure session is to enhance the health and strength of the hoof by supporting the Liver and Spleen organ systems as well as maintaining a harmonious flow of blood and chi throughout the horse’s body. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Liver is directly responsible for the hoof while the Spleen is known to provide nourishment to the structures of the hoof.

The acupressure points selected to build and maintain healthy hooves can help your horse perform at his best while dealing with strenuous movement and the rigorous task of weight-bearing. Healthy hooves make for happy horses and happy riders!

Look out for Lawrence Maskill offering the Tallgrass Introduction to Equine Acupressure Clinics in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland during 2019 -2020. Email Contact: endurogirl@gmail.com

For all your horse, property and pet requirements

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Amy Snow and Nancy Zidonis are the authors of Acu-Horse: A Guide to Equine Acupressure, Acu-Dog: A Guide to Canine Acupressure and Acu-Cat: A Guide to Feline Acupressure.

They founded Tallgrass, offering books, manuals, DVDs, apps, and meridian charts. Tallgrass also provides a 300-hour hands-on and online training program worldwide.

Contact: www.animalacupressure.com, tallgrass@animalacupressure.com

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www.southsidestockfeeds.com.au 34 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

AUTUMN 2019

BIT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WINNING AND LOSING! BIT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WINNING AND LOSING!

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Riders and trainers agree the design brilliant!

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Preventing Big Head Disease – more than just adding calcium

What is big head disease and how does it occur?

Big head disease, as it is commonly known, also goes by the name secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism (NSH), Miller’s disease, bran disease, osteitis fibrosa, swollen face disease, or equine osteoporosis. Big head occurs because of dietary mineral imbalances.

Horses require a 2:1 ratio of calcium and phosphorus in their diets; when this ratio is upset, absorption of these minerals falters.

It is not possible to discuss calcium balance in the body without mentioning the relationship between calcium and phosphorus. In the horse’s bones, the ratio of calcium to phosphorus is 2:1. Bone acts as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus that can be tapped when dietary intake falls short of requirements.

Calcium is also used in the body in a soluble form for nerve and muscle function, and therefore the body maintains rigid and controlled levels of calcium in the blood (2.9 to 3.9 mmol/litre) for these processes by a mechanism known as homeostasis. On the other hand, blood levels of phosphorus can

36 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

AUTUMN 2019

fluctuate throughout the day and in response to exercise with no adverse effects.

Initially, big head disease was found in horses consuming a diet high in wheat bran. Big head was eventually linked to nutrition and in particular to dietary calcium balance, and hence became known as bran disease.

These names were given to the syndrome associated with calcium deficiency (nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism) because of the fibrous growths responsible for swelling the facial bones of affected horses to unnatural proportions. These days it is generally only seen occasionally and in cases of extreme calcium deficiency caused by dietary deficiencies or in the presence of calciumbinding agents in the diet.

Wheat bran is detrimental to calcium balance in two ways. First, 90% of the phosphorus in wheat bran exists as calcium phytate, binding both calcium and phosphorus and preventing their absorption into the horse’s bloodstream.

The phytic acid involved in forming this compound can also bind to other dietary nutrients, which also reduces their ability to be absorbed into the blood. These nutrients include copper, zinc, and manganese.

Secondly, wheat bran has ten times as much phosphorus as calcium. The combination of excessive dietary phosphorus and little available dietary calcium causes calcium to be leached from the bones to maintain and balance blood levels of calcium ions. Many grains are also high in phosphorus and low in calcium, and the majority contain some level of phytic acid.

These days, horse owners are more aware of the calcium:phosphorus ration and there are less problems with big head from a high phosphorus content in the ration. More commonly, horses are grazing on species of tropical and subtropical grasses which exist in some pastures used for horse grazing or haymaking. Some of these grasses contain high levels of oxalic acid. Oxalic acid binds calcium by forming crystals of calcium oxalate in the grass stem and leaf in much the same way as phosphorus (phytic acid) forms phytates and prevents calcium absorption. Oxalic acid forms compounds with many elements to produce oxalates, some soluble and some insoluble. Levels of oxalates vary between plants, but in plants where calcium is present, oxalic acid forms an insoluble compound of calcium oxalate which reduces the amount of available calcium in the plant. Horses are completely unable to digest any of the calcium associated with calcium oxalate crystals. Some oxalate-containing plants also contain plenty of calcium, meaning that they are safe to feed despite their oxalate content. For a grass of this nature to be safe for feeding to horses without the risk of causing calcium deficiency, it must have a calcium to oxalate ratio of at least 0.5:1.

Calcium deficiency caused by consumption of tropical grasses high in oxalates is also known as chronic oxalate poisoning.

EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

Oxalate poisoning can be acute when grasses or weeds contain high concentrations of soluble oxalates that are absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream, binding calcium in the blood and rapidly reducing blood calcium levels. In this case, calcium oxalate crystals are formed in the kidney tubules and interfere with kidney function. Affected horses may have muscle tremors and a staggering gait. They may appear lethargic and stop eating. Twitching of the muscles of the face may be seen, and death may occur if signs go unnoticed. Plants containing more than 2% soluble oxalate have the potential to cause acute oxalate poisoning, but horses usually have to be very hungry before considering these essentially unpalatable grasses and weeds as a food source.

Interestingly, some horse owners report increased incidence of calcium deficiency and cases of big head within a few weeks of rainfall. It may be that rainfall triggers new growth that the horses find more palatable, or that the increased moisture increases the oxalate content of tropical grasses.

Whatever the reason, reports suggest that increased cases of big head after rainfall are seen within a matter of two to three weeks.

Further research in this area could help horse owners to develop new pasture and grazing management practices to prevent horses from grazing dangerous pastures at times of high risk.

▲ Kikuyu grass

▲ Buffel grass

A few prime suspects should be investigated if a case of calcium deficiency has been diagnosed. The risk is greatest when these grass types make up all or almost all of the pasture available to the horse. These grasses should be identified and removed from the diet as soon as possible before causing any further damage.

Kikuyu grass has a calcium-to-oxalate ratio of 0.23:1. Grows very rapidly in summer and becomes rank and unpalatable relatively quickly.

▲ Pangola grass

Buffel grass has a calcium-to-oxalate ratio of 0.22:1. Has a tufted appearance, often forming dense tussocks. A number of varieties vary from 0.2-1.5 m tall. Leaves vary in color from yellowish to bluish-green, are thin and narrow, and taper to a long point.

Pangola grass has a calcium-to-oxalate ratio of 0.37:1.

Green panic grass has a calcium-to-oxalate ratio of 0.32:1. Very green, lush growth, highly palatable, used in pastures and in hay.

▲ Green panic grass

Setaria grass has a calcium-to-oxalate ratio of 0.15:1. Grows up to 3 m (10 feet) tall with erect stems and leaves 15-30 cm long and 0.31.7 cm wide. Seedheads are spike-shaped and cylindrical.

Although the clinical signs of chronic and extreme calcium deficiency are less frequently seen today than in the past, it can still be a significant problem for horse owners, and

▲ Setaria grass

37

with correct nutrition. Generally, prognosis for recovery is good in adult horses and although some bony changes to the face may persist. For young horses who are affected, depending on the severity of bony lesions and remodelling of long bones, the prognosis is often more guarded.

What type of calcium should be added to the diet?

it is important to be aware of the signs. The disease can develop within two months of putting horses out on high-oxalate pastures but more often takes six to eight months before symptoms are noticed.

and other bone building nutrients are vital to maintaining optimal skeletal strength, along with reviewing the nutrients which are being provided in any concentrate feeds also being consumed.

A low blood calcium level (known clinically as hypocalcaemia) stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid gland. This hormone is responsible for triggering the release of calcium from bones, particularly from the large bones of the head and limbs. This calcium is released into the blood to bring calcium levels back to within normal ranges for optimal nerve, heart, and muscle function. If the horse has a high requirement for calcium, as in pregnant and lactating mares, growing horses, and heavily sweating performance horses, these effects will occur more readily and to a greater extent that in horses at maintenance levels of requirement.

Affected horses often start to have breathing and chewing difficulties as a result of the decreased facial bone integrity. In more severe cases, the horse’s teeth can be affected, resulting in reduced feed intake, weight loss and poor body condition.

As the bones become demineralized, they become weak and fragile, and the horse may become lame and start to drop weight even though his feeding regimen has not altered.

He will probably have a dull, depressed countenance and may appear to have swollen lower jawbones and/or loose teeth. The horse will appear stiff and have a shortened gait when trotted, with the stiffness increasing as the horse is exercised. As the condition progresses, both upper and lower jaws and sometimes other facial bones become swollen (hence the name), and badly affected horses may suffer fractures and break down.

What do I do if I have a horse grazing on high oxalate pasture?

Don’t panic! Horses can successfully graze predominantly on high oxalate pastures, and problems associated with big head can be avoided, but requires more than just adding additional calcium into the diet. Growing horses, pregnant and lactating mares are of particular concern as they already have higher requirements of these nutrients.

Supplementation with calcium, phosphorus 38 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

If your horse is diagnosed with big head, all is not lost. If the disease is caught quickly in mature horses, most of the damage can be reversed in less than a year. Stay in close communication with your veterinarian as they will be able to help monitor progress throughout treatment and recovery. Although the swellings of the facial bones may never completely disappear in severely affected horses, it is possible to get a horse back to full health after an episode of big head with time and correct attention to calciumto-phosphorus ratios. It can take up to 12 months for remineralization of bone to occur, and horses must be maintained at rest for this period of recovery. The disease is more threatening to young, growing horses because their bones have not finished growing and ossifying. The demineralization from inadequate bone calcium can cause permanent damage, making young affected horses unsuitable for a working life.

When formulating a plan for the prevention and management of big head disease, a full nutritional assessment should always be made.

Enlisting the assistance of an equine nutritionist is advisable. Diets containing more than 0.5 percent dry matter total oxalate and with an overall calcium:oxalate ratio of 1.5:1 or less pose great risk for the induction of calcium deficiency and therefore big head. High calcium:phosphorus ratios in the range of 3:1 to 6:1 have been advocated for the treatment of the disease. Reversal of the bony changes can occur of a period of several months

There are some supplements on the market focussing on chelated calcium and marketing them as the only effective way to prevent and manage big head in horses. However, at present, there is no independent scientific data that confirm this is correct. In fact, a number of studies have shown that chelated calcium has the same bioavailability/absorption as inorganic calcium sources. Studies regarding calcium absorption in the presence of oxalates using inorganic calcium sources have found that they are effective at meeting calcium requirements.

There are no independent studies demonstrating chelated calcium absorption in the presence of oxalates increasing calcium absorption, and there is no evidence to support the claim the chelated calcium is a better option than inorganic calcium sources.

Chelated calcium is an expensive product and the lack of scientific evidence of any better absorption indicates that supplementing your horse with a good quality calcium supplement, ideally one with other bone building nutrients may be a more economical ongoing solution.

There are calcium and mineral licks on the market designed to prevent calcium and phosphorus deficiencies, however this is a less an ideal solution, as it is difficult to monitor daily intake.

Adding a dedicated bone health supplement, such as KER Bone Food Plus can be an economical addition to your horse’s ration. KER Bone Food Plus is formulated to supply equine diets with vital bone building nutrients and supplies the essential building blocks to optimise bone development, health and strength.

KER Bone Food Plus also contains vitamin D, vitamin K, zinc, copper and manganese which all play an important role in bone development. Vitamin D assists in calcium and phosphorus absorption and is an important nutrient for stabled horses where it is vital for bone health. Vitamin K has been recognised as a key nutrient for bone development in horses deprived of green grass. Zinc, copper and manganese are important trace minerals that play a role in bone development.

For more information about KER Bone Food Plus, or advice for horses grazing on high oxalate pastures, please contact Kentucky Equine Research’s Nutrition Consultation Service on 1800 772 198, email advice@ker.com or visit our website www.ker.com AUTUMN 2019

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PAGE 40

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Volume 7.

EQUINE NE

WS

F R E E

AND TRADE SERVICE DIR ECTORY

Issue 2.

E Q U IN

Winter 2015

in g t a r b e C el

10 Y e a r s

CARBS, SUGAR , STARC What Are They and H, FRUCTANS Why Do They Matter ?

PREPARING Your Mare for BREED ING ARTHRITIS of the EQUINE ELBOW 7 KEYS To AUTHE NTICITY Riding through the Chakras BUYING And STORI NG HAY for WINTER

Volum

e 8.

INSIDE

Torso &

Issue

3.

:

Seat Nurturing Neko Stomach Ulcers Mounting Blocks Motivating Horses Equine Cushing’s Dis

E NE W

AND TR ADE SE RVICE S DIR ECT OR Y

r 201

ease

The RIDERS HANDS

AREA MAP VET CONTACT S COMING EVEN TS Photog SERVICE DIRE raphy

by AGNIE CZKA CTORY GULC ZYNSKA

Leg Wrap Po

ultice

the

tra

ine

r’s

S

Summe

frie

Area Ma p Vet Con tacts Coming Events Servic e Direct ory

nd

Leg W rap Po

ultice

6

Servicing the equine and canine industries of Australasia with the most extensive range of...

North QLD I South East QLD I Melbourne Bendigo I Ballarat I Melton I Geelong - and all surrounding areas -