Boone Power - October 2025 Indiana Connection

Page 1


Our side of the growth story, pages 5-6

Geothermal isn’t just about comfort. It’s about energy independence, grid resilience, and good jobs.

Geothermal heating and cooling doesn’t just make homes more comfortable and efficient— they’re powered by a domestic, underground energy source that’s available 24/7, rain or shine.

Made in the USA: Our geothermal systems are built right here in America, supporting advanced manufacturing jobs.

Grid-friendly: While AI, EVs, and data centers push power demand to new heights, geothermal helps reduce peak load—easing the burden on our utilities.

Job-creating: From HVAC contractors and well drillers or trenchers to engineers and architects, geothermal supports a wide network of high-paying, skilled jobs in every community it touches.

Geothermal isn’t just smart for homeowners. It’s smart for the country.

Your Local WaterFurnace Dealer

Delphi

Blue Fox Htg & Clg (765) 822-2200 bluefoxhvac.com

Farmersburg

Heady Htg & Clg (812) 696-2396

Flora

Camflo Htg & Clg (574) 967-4200 camfloheatingandcooling.com

Fort Wayne

Masters Htg & Clg, Inc. (866) 824-4328 mastersingeothermal.com

Greensburg

Wallpe Htg & Clg (812) 663-7252 wallpegeothermal.com

Indianapolis

Masters Htg & Clg by Van Valer, Inc. (317) 881-9074 mastersingeothermal.com

Jasper Hulsman Refrigeration, Inc. (812) 634-1492 hulsmanrefrigeration.com

Laotto

T&T Plbg, Htg, A/C & Geothermal (260) 200-4003 tt-ph.com

Lebanon

Blue Fox Htg & Clg (765) 859-0880 bluefoxhvac.com

Nappanee

Crist Plbg, Htg, Electrical (574) 831-4630 cristnappanee.com

North Manchester Mars Refrigeration, LLC (260) 901-0057

North Vernon Air One Htg & Clg, Inc. (888) 346-1790 aironehvac.com

Ossian Collier’s Comfort Services (260) 622-6622 collierscomfort.com

Warsaw

Colliers Htg & Air Conditioning (574) 203-2492 trustcolliers.com

Waterloo

Gibson’s Htg & Plbg, Inc. (888) 754-1668 gibsonsgeothermal.com

Westfield

Precision Comfort Systems, Inc. (317) 867-2665 precisioncomfort.com

West Lafayette Blue Fox Htg & Clg (765) 252-0051 bluefoxhvac.com

from the editor

Not handy homeowners

Some say that part of the American dream is owning your own home. My husband, Brooks, and I were fortunate enough to buy ours in 2018, just before the housing market craziness of 2020 and beyond. We quickly realized that we were lacking some skills that can be helpful for homeowners. We are not very handy.

Growing up, it seemed like my dad and grandfather could fix just about anything. When something needed repair or improvement on our house or one of our vehicles, they could handle most small issues and tackle the occasional bigger project. Many people from the generations before us seem to have more “do-it-yourself” skills than my friends and I.

Thank goodness for the internet, which we now consult for any minor home problem we think we can fix ourselves. YouTube is a treasure trove of experts who know what they’re doing and will guide you through step-by-step, like a toddler learning the alphabet for the first time.

Unfortunately, some work still remains on our part. After completing small tasks like replacing outdoor electrical outlet covers or fixing a running toilet, we feel so accomplished that we have to celebrate. I’m sure the older members of our families just finished a task like that and moved on to the next home improvement project without much fuss.

Luckily, my dad is still willing to help us when we need more assistance than what can be found on a screen, which is good for our wallet and self-esteem.

Do you have the home improvement skills of Bob Vila, or are you turning to YouTube? Have you completed a project that you’re especially proud of? Tell me about it at bdavis@indianaec.org.

On the menu: January: Submit your favorite rice bowl recipes, deadline Nov. 1. If we publish your recipe on our food pages, we’ll send you a $10 gift card.

Giveaway: Enter to win a $25 gift card from King Korn. Visit indianaconnection.org/talk-to-us/contests or send your contact information to the address below. The deadline to enter is Oct. 31.

Three ways to contact us: To send us recipes, photos, letters and entries for gift drawings, please use the forms on our website indianaconnection.org; email info@indianaconnection.org; or send to Indiana Connection, 11805 Pennsylvania Street, Carmel, IN 46032.

VOLUME 75 • NUMBER 4 ISSN 0745-4651 • USPS 262-340

Published monthly by Indiana Electric Cooperatives

Indiana Connection is for and about members of Indiana’s locally-owned, not-for-profit electric cooperatives. It helps consumers use electricity safely and efficiently; understand energy issues; connect with their co-op; and celebrate life in Indiana. Over 311,000 residents and businesses receive the magazine as part of their electric co-op membership. The average printed and mailed cost per issue is 54 cents.

CONTACT US: 11805 Pennsylvania Street Carmel, IN 46032 317-487-2220

info@indianaconnection.org IndianaConnection.org

INDIANA ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES OFFICERS:

Steve McMichael President

Dr. Richard Leeper Vice President

Jamey Marcum Secretary/Treasurer

John Cassady CEO

EDITORIAL STAFF:

Britt Davis Editor

Mandy Barth Vice President of Communication

Lauren Carman Communication Manager

Ashley Curry Production and Design Coordinator

Holly Huffman Communication Support Specialist

Amber Knight Creative Manager

Kiley Lipps Graphic Designer

ADVERTISING:

American MainStreet Publications Cheryl Solomon, local ad representative; 512-441-5200; amp.coop

Paid advertisements are not endorsements by any electric cooperative or this publication.

UNSOLICITED MATERIAL:

Indiana Connection does not use unsolicited freelance manuscripts or photographs and assumes no responsibility for the safekeeping or return of unsolicited material.

SUBSCRIPTIONS: $12 for individuals not subscribing through participating REMCs/RECs.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS:

If you receive Indiana Connection through your electric co-op membership, report address changes to your local co-op.

POSTAGE:

Periodicals postage paid at Indianapolis, Indiana, and at additional mailing offices.

POSTMASTER: Send change of address to: Indiana Connection, 11805 Pennsylvania Street, Carmel, IN 46032. Include key number.

No portion of Indiana Connection may be reproduced without permission of the editor.

Boone Power Lineman Nick Shepherd placed second in the journeyman hurt man rescue competition at the 2025 Indiana Electric Coopeartives Lineman Rodeo. We are proud of our linemen who competed in this year’s rodeo.

CONTACT US

800-897-7362

WEBSITE boonepower.com

EMAIL contactus@boonepower.com

OFFICE HOURS

7:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m.

STREET ADDRESS

1207 Indianapolis Ave.

Lebanon, IN 46052

MAILING ADDRESS

P.O. Box 563

Lebanon, IN 46052

POWER OUTAGES

The easiest way to report a power outage is on the SmartHub mobile app

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

District 1 — W. Daniel Lawson

District 2 — Thomas E. Dull

District 3 — Mark Gruninger

District 4 — Brian Gott

District 5 — Jon Stevens

District 6 — Alan D. Cragun

District 7 — Bruce Guernsey

District 8 — Mark Starkey

District 9 — Noel R. Kendall

READ ONLINE!

Find a digital flipbook version of the magazine on the SmartHub mobile app or on our website.

Follow us on social media for energy-saving tips and important updates and reminders.

Our side of the growth story

HOW BOONE POWER IS MANAGING COSTS AND BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence, especially energyintensive technologies like generative AI and large language models, is presenting several challenges for electric utilities across the country. These technologies depend on large data centers that consume massive amounts of electricity, and the demand is expected to continue to rise.

For Boone Power, purchased power accounts for two-thirds of our expenses. While we can’t directly control those expenses, we have representation on the board of directors for our wholesale power provider, Wabash Valley Power Alliance. It’s a cooperative just like we are.

Even with these pressures that growth presents, growth also helps keep rates stable. From 2020 to 2024, the number of meters we serve increased by 24%. At the same time, we decreased our controllable expenses per member by 24%. Growth helps us spread costs across more consumers, which helps keep rates stable for everyone.

We keep a close eye on our financial health with regular cost-of-service studies. These reviews help ensure we’re upholding our mission: to provide safe, reliable, and reasonably priced electricity for our members. We take seriously our responsibility to maintain a fair and reasonable rate structure.

Since 2020, we’ve seen the cost of utility infrastructure rise sharply. Utility poles now cost 25 to 40% more, transformer prices have jumped 70 to 100%, and wire has increased by 50%. To keep up with these rising expenses and avoid sudden, steep increases, for the past several years, we’ve put in place a small annual adjustment. For example, as was noted on February 2025 billing statements, we instituted a 1.95% increase this year. This steady approach helps us manage costs in a responsible way.

As we’ve shared in past magazine articles and via our other channels, to keep up with local growth, we’re building a new facility for Boone Power so we can hire more employees, house more trucks, and store more equipment. While it’s a significant investment, the cost impact on our members will be small — about a half-a-cent per kilowatt-hour for the average General Service member.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 5

And as I’ve explained, growth generates revenue, which in turn provides rate stability and delays the need for substantial rate increases.

We also pay attention to how our rates compare to other utilities. Boone Power’s average General Service member uses 1,200 kilowatt-hours per month. The cost per kilowatt-hour for this average user is 17.1 cents. By comparison, the regional average (includes Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin) is 18.3 cents, and the Indiana average is 16.6 cents, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Electricity costs overall have risen more slowly than many other everyday items. From 2018-2023, the cost of electricity went up 4.9%, compared to nearly 6% for gasoline and bread.

I understand that the costs of goods and services affects us all, but I want you to know that Boone Power will always take our not-forprofit cooperative business model seriously. We remain committed to fairness, reliability, and transparency.

Five-year decrease

24 %

CONTROLLABLE EXPENSES PER CONSUMER (2020-2024)

2024 expenses

Average cost per kWh

Based on an average monthly household usage of 1,200 kilowatt-hours; total bill divided by kilowatt-hours used; based on figures available for June 2025; Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

17.1¢ 16.6¢ 18.3 ¢

BOONE POWER INDIANA REGIONAL

REGION INCLUDES INDIANA, ILLINOIS, MICHIGAN, OHIO, AND WISCONSIN

Survey coming soon

We're partnering with our wholesale power provider to determine future power needs.

You may receive an email some time in November or December asking you to participate in a survey of residential co-op memb ers. The survey helps our wholesale power partner, Wabash Valley Power Alliance, plan power needs for the future and shape programs we can offer to our members. The consumer information received guides decision making by WVPA and its member electric distribution co-ops like Boone Power. Thank you in advance for taking time to complete the survey!

KEEP YOUR HOME SAFE from electrical fires

LEBANON FIRE DEPARTMENT SHARES SEASONAL SAFETY REMINDERS

As the seasons shift and cooler weather arrives, many of us will turn to space heaters, electric blankets, and other appliances to stay warm. Oct. 5–11 is National Fire Prevention Week, making it the perfect time to think about electrical safety. Boone Power is proud to partner with the Lebanon Fire Department to share important reminders that can help keep our members safe.

“Electrical fires are one of those dangers that people don’t always see coming,” said Jason Hendricks, Deputy Chief of Administration with the Lebanon Fire Department. “But they happen more often than many realize. Taking a few simple safety precautions can save lives.”

Some of the most common causes of electrical fires involve wiring, overloaded circuits, and misuse of extension cords. Learn more about the causes of electrical fires in this month’s safety feature article on page 16.

The Lebanon Fire Department encourages you to keep these tips in mind:

• Plug only one heat-producing appliance into a wall outlet at a time. This includes space heaters, coffee makers, toasters, and microwaves.

• Never use an extension cord with a heat-producing appliance. If you need additional outlets, contact a licensed electrician.

• Remember that extension cords are for temporary use only. They should not replace permanent wiring.

• Turn off heat-producing appliances before bedtime. Electrical fire deaths peak between midnight and 8 a.m.

The department also reminds residents to keep smoke alarms in good working order. The National Fire Protection Association offers these guidelines:

• Smoke alarms with 10year batteries should be replaced entirely when they chirp.

• Smoke alarms with replaceable batteries need a new battery at least once a year — or right away if they chirp.

• Always use the battery type specified by the manufacturer. Using a different battery could prevent the alarm from working properly.

Boone Power’s partnership with the Lebanon Fire Department extends beyond public education. Each year, the cooperative hosts firefighters for electric safety demonstrations. These sessions show first responders what to do when vehicles strike utility poles, and demonstrate how power lines, transformers, and safety equipment work.

TOP: The Lebanon Fire Department educates local students about the importance of having smoke alarms in their homes.

BOTTOM: Boone Power regularly hosts electric safety demonstrations for the Lebanon Fire Department.

“Those trainings are invaluable,” Hendricks said. “They help prepare our firefighters for situations they’ll face on the job, while also giving them confidence that Boone Power has designed the system with safety in mind.”

By working together, Boone Power and the Lebanon Fire Department aim to keep our community safe.

For more information on electrical fire safety, visit usfa.fema.gov or nfpa.org/public-education

YOU’RE INVITED

Learn more about SmartHub at our next member event

Boone Power members are invited to the next Member Ambassadors of the Cooperative (MAC) gathering on Tuesday, Nov. 11, 2025, from 5:307:30 p.m. at the Lebanon Public Library (Crawford Meeting Room), 104 E. Washington St., Lebanon.

The evening begins at 5:30 p.m. with light refreshments. At 6 p.m., Boone Power staff will share a presentation on SmartHub — our member account management tool available as both a mobile app and web interface.

SMARTHUB MAKES IT EASY TO:

• View and pay your bill

• Track your daily energy use

• Report service issues

• Update account information

• Set usage alerts and reminders

During the session, we will walk through all the features SmartHub has to offer and share tips for making the most of this powerful tool. At the close of the program, staff will be available for questions and one-on-one help with getting started. Bring your mobile phone, tablet, or laptop if you’d like help with SmartHub.

MAC events are a chance to deepen your understanding of how Boone Power works, meet cooperative staff, and connect with other members.

Learn more about our Member Ambassador events and register to attend at boonepower.com/ member-ambassadors

Leave a legacy for future generations, nothing embodies this sentiment quite like the enduring gift of gold from American Gold Reserve. With its intrinsic value and historical significance, gold represents stability and prosperity across generations, making it a cherished asset to pass down. Secure your family’s future with a gift that stands the test of time, ensuring legacy of financial security and enduring value.

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TRANSFORMING THE INDUSTRY

How drones are revolutionizing utility inspections

Not long ago, drones were just toys. Nobody’s playing now when it comes to their potential for getting work done in the utility industry. These miniature flying wonders are helping to enhance efficiency, safety, and communication, and new uses are emerging rapidly.

Utilities in the United States collectively spend an average of $6 billion to $8 billion per year to inspect and maintain power lines with helicopters and ground crews.

SAFER AND MORE COST-EFFECTIVE

Using drones to inspect power lines can drastically reduce the cost of power line inspections, eliminating the cost per helicopter flight or truck rollouts. In addition, there is no lineman in a bucket, making the process much safer for all involved. Infrastructure inspection is critical with aging electric grids and regulatory pressure to prevent outages and risks such as wildfires.

SHORTEN OUTAGE TIME

In rural areas where access is difficult at best by vehicle or on

foot, drones can assess damage and pinpoint the location of a repair, saving crews significant time and shortening the length of an outage. With the ability to take photos and record videos, identifying problem areas and planning specific repairs becomes a much more streamlined process.

ENHANCED COMMUNICATIONS

The ability to take photos and videos is also a helpful component for utilities to communicate their efforts, whether via social media, websites, newsletters, or board presentations. Thanks to drone technology, people who would not normally see power lines, substations, and other grid infrastructure up close can now see through the eyes of a lineman.

DESIGNING A BETTER PATH

That technology is advancing, as some drones now have integrated LiDAR (laser imaging, detection, and ranging). This can help engineers design the best path for new transmission lines and

connection points. Drones can also gather useful data via infrared sensors, ultraviolet cameras, and radio frequency sensors.

The most significant limitation to the growing use of drones is ensuring enough people are trained to be drone pilots, with many rules governing when, where, and how drones are flown. Like many forms of technology, drones’ abilities are seemingly growing by the day, making them one of the most essential tools for cooperatives in the future.

Putnam County

DePauw University, one of Indiana’s oldest institutions, is situated in Putnam County. Established in 1837 as Indiana Asbury College — an all-male school named after Francis Asbury, the first American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church — it was renamed in 1884 to honor Washington Charles DePauw, a philanthropist who was once considered Indiana’s wealthiest man. Today, this private liberal arts college has around 1,800 students.

FROM SAP TO SYRUP

Indiana’s largest maple syrup producer is Harris Sugar Bush, located in Greencastle. Each year in late January and February, owner Arthur Harris taps the farm’s sugar and black maple trees, collecting 40 to 50 gallons of sap to produce a single gallon of syrup. Their syrup is light in color, fine in flavor, and contains no preservatives. Their log cabin store is open year-round, selling their syrup alongside local pancake and waffle mixes, maple candy, and more. Tours of its sugar house are available year-round by appointment as well.

INDIANA’S HAUNTED COVERED BRIDGE

Putnam County is home to nine of Indiana’s 86 historic covered wooden bridges, including the famously haunted Edna Collins Bridge, built over Little Walnut Creek. According to local legend, a girl named Edna Collins used to swim in the creek while her parents ran errands in town. They would drop her off, and upon returning, honk the car horn three times to let her know it was time to leave. One day, when Edna didn’t respond, her parents discovered she had drowned. Today, folklore claims that if visitors stop on the bridge and honk three times, Edna’s ghost may appear and attempt to climb into their car.

GREENCASTLE’S TOWERING SILO MURAL

Indiana’s largest mural can be found in Putnam County across four concrete silos in Greencastle. The silo mural is part of the Putnam County Mural Project, which has produced 17 murals throughout the county and hosted two mural festivals. The silos initially stored grain for a nearby feed store, but Greencastle repurposed them after receiving Indiana’s first multi-milliondollar Stellar Communities Grant in 2011. More than 2,000 residents voted on its final design featuring symbols that represent the county’s veterans, agricultural roots, music festivals, and nature preserves.

COUNTY FACTS

FOUNDED: 1821

NAMED FOR: Israel Putnam, a general in the American Revolutionary War

POPULATION: 37,804

COUNTY SEAT: Greencastle

INDIANA COUNTY NUMBER: 67

Greencastle
Photo courtesy of Putnam County Mural Project
Photo courtesy of Putnam County
Photo courtesy of Nicole Thomas

insights

LETTER EDITOR TO THE

Thank you for featuring local bookstores in the September Indiana Connection magazine. The entire issue could have been devoted to Indiana’s independent bookstores, each with its own unique offerings and special contributions to the communities they serve.

Although the article briefly mentioned it, I believe the Indy Indie Book Crawl deserves more attention from your readers in Central Indiana. The Indy Indie Book Crawl is a multi-day event encouraging readers to support local, independent, and community bookstores across central Indiana. The event timing is intentional (typically in March) to drive traffic to these independent shops at their slowest time of year. No purchase is necessary to participate, but buying a book or two along the way would truly support these small businesses.

Twenty-seven bookstores participated in the 2025 crawl. Organizers created a map of all the bookstores, which is a wonderful resource for finding an independent bookstore near you. While the 2026 crawl hasn’t yet been announced, interested folks can follow @indyindiebookcrawl on Instagram for updates.

Alexandra Williams Zionsville, Indiana

PRODUCT RECALLS

RYOBI ELECTRIC PRESSURE WASHERS

The pressure washer’s capacitor can overheat and burst, causing parts to be forcefully ejected, posing a risk of serious injury from impact to the user or bystanders. The products were sold at Home Depot and Direct Tools Factory Outlet stores nationwide, and online at homedepot.com and directtoolsoutlet.com from July 2017 through June 2024. Consumers should immediately stop using the recalled pressure washers and visit ryobitools.com/recall to determine if their pressure washer is included in the recall and to receive a free repair kit, including shipping and installation instructions. The repair kit consists of a replacement capacitor. Proof of purchase is not required. For more information, call TTI Outdoor Power Equipment toll-free at 800-597-9624 or go online to ryobitools.com/recall or ryobitools.com and click “Important Recall Information” at the bottom of the page.

Send submissions to Britt Davis at bdavis@indianaec.org.

know how to find all water leaks underground. Call us!

Our Marketplace offers maximum exposure for your business or organization at a minimal cost. Please contact Cheryl Solomon, 847-749-4875 or cheryl@amp.coop, for other small business advertising opportunities in Indiana Connection.

Indiana eats

A NEW CULINARY GEM

Ripple & Company offers Lafayette's most versatile dining destination

Scott Trzaskus had his hands full running East End Grill on Lafayette's Main Street when catering and event requests began rolling in — requests too large for his restaurant to handle. "Filet and shrimp and grits don't travel well in a box," he said. He realized Lafayette's residents and visitors needed better catering options. That's when the crumbling building across the street started to look like his next opportunity.

Trzaskus' epiphany led to the creation of Ripple & Company in 2019, the casual sister restaurant of East End Grill. Built from the bones of that deteriorating building, Ripple transformed into a vibrant two-story destination serving hearty barbecue to the Lafayette area.

AN ATMOSPHERE TO MATCH THE MENU

The first floor's eclectic energy complements the menu, which includes smoked meats and craft

cocktails. Large front windows open onto the street, creating a Southernstyle elegance that Trzaskus described as making you feel "like you're somewhere else."

Ripple's second floor features an adaptable event space that has hosted a wide range of events, from intimate weddings to corporate gatherings.

A CREATIVE CULINARY TEAM

Themed dinners have become legendary among locals. They offer carefully curated multi-course experiences limited to 40 guests. From exotic culinary destinations to tequila and wine dinners, these adventures showcase the culinary team's passion.

"We typically start those with a cocktail reception out on the patio," Trzaskus said. "Then everybody has a seat, and Chef de Cuisine

Nik Emerick and our event chefs Aaron Molden and Bailey Horton will come out and give a brief overview of what the night will consist of."

"I stay out of their way because this is their chance to really be creative and have fun," Trzaskus said of his culinary team. This philosophy extends throughout Ripple's operations, where everything is made from scratch, including their housemade pickles and Emerick's famous cheesecake.

The use of Prime Valley Farms Wagyu beef and David Paige Wines, thanks to local partners John Gorup and George Rickus, underscores the team's commitment to sourcing high-quality products through direct, hyper-local partnerships.

‘IN THE BUSINESS OF SAYING YES’

The restaurant's success stems from what Trzaskus calls being "in the

business of saying yes." Whether customizing a catering menu for 170 friends of Purdue football or creating gluten-free and vegan options, Ripple's team thrives on culinary challenges.

Rather than competing with East End Grill, the two restaurants operate harmoniously to invigorate the entire block.

"I really think more than anything, what they've done is complemented each other more than they've competed," Trzaskus said.

This collaboration extends to community involvement. Both restaurants participate in Lafayette's "Mosey Down Main Street" festivals and pioneered the city's Downtown Outdoor Refreshment Area (DORA) program, established in 2024.

A CAN’T-MISS DESTINATION FOR ALL

From weekend brunches featuring rotating specials to their renowned brisket, which starts smoking each day at 7 a.m., Ripple & Company is a premier destination for locals and visitors alike. The restaurant is open Tuesday through Sunday for lunch and dinner.

Preparation is key

TO PREVENTING HOME ELECTRICAL FIRES

An electrical fire at home can easily spread, causing significant damage to your property and potentially taking lives. These fires are more common and deadly than you may think.

In the United States, approximately 47,000 electrical home fires occur annually, causing nearly 300 deaths, 900 injuries, and more than $1.2 billion in property damage. However, many of these fires can be prevented simply by following basic safety practices and being aware.

“Behind such staggering statistics are families, friends, and neighbors,” said John Cassady, CEO of Indiana Electric Cooperatives. “It can be especially tragic knowing that many times deaths, injuries, and the fire itself could’ve been avoided.”

CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL FIRES

Electrical wiring consists of metal wires that “conduct” or move electricity from place to place and materials like rubber that “insulate” the conductors and keep electricity from escaping its intended path. Electrical fires can start when its protective insulator or connections are compromised and electricity escapes.

SOME ISSUES INCLUDE:

• Improperly installed or outdated wiring

• Faulty outlets

• Exposed wires on cords, including extension cords and device cords

• Problems with light fixtures, lamps, and outdated appliances

• Misuse of electrical cords, such as overloading circuits and outlets

An “arcing fault” results when a conductor’s insulation is compromised. This creates a discharge of electricity between two or more conductors and results in heat, further breaking down a wire’s insulation and triggering an electrical fire. Arc faults can occur when older wires become frayed or cracked, when a nail or screw damages wiring in a wall, or when outlets or circuits are overloaded.

PROTECT YOUR HOME

Contact a qualified electrician immediately if you experience dimming or flickering lights, burning odors, buzzing or sizzling sounds, or circuit breakers that trip repeatedly.

Installing smoke detectors is the number one way to protect your home and family.

Smoke detectors should be installed in every bedroom, outside each sleeping area, and on every level of a home. They should be tested monthly and have their batteries replaced annually, or according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

A fire escape plan should also be in place and practiced regularly. Make sure any fire extinguishers you have are labeled for Class C, or electrical fires. Multipurpose extinguishers can be used on different types of fires and will be labeled with more than one class, like A-B-C.

You can learn more about keeping your home and family safe at usfa.fema.gov

How a Safe Step Walk-In Tub can change your life

Remember when…

Think about the things you loved to do that are dif cult today — going for a walk or just sitting comfortably while reading a book. And remember the last time you got a great night’s sleep?

As we get older, health issues or even everyday aches, pains and stress can prevent us from enjoying life.

So what’s keeping you from having a better quality of life?

Check all the conditions that apply to you.

Arthritis Dry Skin

Insomnia Anxiety

Diabetes Mobility Issues

Lower Back Poor Pain Circulation

Then read on to learn how a Safe Step Walk-In Tub can help. Feel better, sleep better, live better

A Safe Step Walk-In Tub lets you indulge in a warm, relaxing bath that can help relieve life’s aches, pains and worries.

A Safe Step Tub can help increase mobility, boost energy and improve sleep.

It’s got everything you should look for in a walk-in tub:

• Heated Seat – Providing soothing warmth from start to nish.

• MicroSoothe® Air Therapy System – helps oxygenate and soften skin while offering therapeutic bene ts.

• Pain-relieving therapy – Hydro massage jets target sore muscles and joints.

• Safety features –Low step-in, grab bars and more can help you bathe safely and maintain your independence.

• Free Toilet

All treats, no tricks

Indulge in some irresistible sweet and salty combinations that will elevate any Halloween party snack table

CRUNCHY PEANUT BARK

Odon

2 lbs. white chocolate

1 cup creamy peanut butter

3 cups crispy rice cereal

2 cups dry roasted peanuts

2 cups mini marshmallows

Melt the chocolate in a large saucepan over low heat, stirring often. Stir in the remaining ingredients and mix well. The marshmallows do not have to be fully melted. Drop by heaping tablespoons onto a wax paper-lined baking sheet or divide between two 9-inch square pans. Let the mix set in the refrigerator for 30 minutes.

EASY, SWEET AND SALTY CHEX MIX

Shirley Dowell, North Vernon

½ cup butter

½ cup brown sugar

1 tsp vanilla extract

A pinch of sea salt

4½ cups corn Chex

4½ cups rice Chex

1 cup honey-roasted peanuts

1 cup salted peanuts

2 cups tiny pretzel twists

Preheat the oven to 250 F. Melt the butter in a large bowl. Whisk in the sugar, vanilla, and sea salt until dissolved. Add all the cereal, peanuts, and pretzels to the bowl and toss to combine. Spread evenly on a baking sheet and bake for 1 hour until golden brown, stirring every 15 minutes. Cool completely before serving. The mix can be stored in an airtight container for up to two weeks.

MAPLE BACON PANCAKE COOKIES Brylee Koontz, Whitestown

6 strips of bacon, cooked until crispy and crumbled

1 cup butter, melted

¾ cup granulated sugar

¾ cup brown sugar

1 tsp vanilla extract

1 Tbsp maple syrup

2 large eggs

3 cups all-purpose flour

2 Tbsp cornstarch

1 tsp baking soda

1 tsp salt

Preheat oven to 325 F and line two cookie sheets with parchment paper. Using a stand mixer or electric beaters, beat butter with both sugars. Add vanilla, maple syrup, and eggs, then beat on low speed until just incorporated. Add the dry ingredients and beat until well combined. Fold in the bacon crumbles.

Scoop the dough into 16 large balls and place them on a cookie sheet. Bake for 12 to 13 minutes until the cookies look puffy and just start to turn golden on top. Take the cookies out even if they don't look 100% done yet. They will finish setting up as they cool. Let the cookies cool on the pan for a minimum of 10 minutes before moving them.

EMPOWERING THE FUTURE

Across Indiana, a new generation of leaders is rising to steer electric cooperatives forward. They bring inventive ideas, technical knowledge, and a strong dedication to service and community, which embodies the cooperative spirit.

To celebrate National Cooperative Month, Indiana Electric Cooperatives (IEC), the publisher of Indiana Connection, is honoring seven emerging leaders from across the state. These professionals aren’t just keeping the

When Alexis Knear joined Harrison REMC in 2021, she was new to the industry but eager to learn.

“One of the most valuable lessons I’ve learned is the importance of taking initiative to connect with others,” said Knear. “Building relationships across departments and having great mentors has provided me with invaluable insight and experience.”

Indiana Electric Cooperatives recognizes seven emerging leaders driving innovation across the state

lights on; they’re strengthening community ties, driving innovation, and preparing co-ops for the challenges and opportunities ahead.

“At IEC, we believe that the strength of our future lies in the hands of our up-and-coming leaders,” said John Cassady, CEO of Indiana Electric Cooperatives. “Their commitment to service and their communities is not only advancing our cooperatives forward but also shaping a brighter tomorrow for all Hoosiers.”

ALEXIS KNEAR

Accounting Specialist HARRISON REMC

Her cooperative career began as an accounting assistant in June 2021. In November 2023, she advanced to accounting specialist, the role she holds today.

“Lexie is known for her initiative and eagerness to learn, often volunteering for added responsibilities,” said David Lett, CEO of Harrison REMC. “Despite her young age, she consistently displays exceptional professionalism and maturity.”

Knear earned her bachelor’s degree in business from Indiana University Southeast in 2021 and recently completed her MBA, also from IU Southeast, earning membership in Beta Gamma Sigma. She’s also finishing IEC’s Cooperative Leadership Edge

Program, which focuses on developing leadership skills within the cooperative model.

Knear is also active beyond the office. She has served as Rotary Club treasurer for three years, volunteers with Big Brothers Big Sisters, assists her church with homeless outreach, and participates in REMC’s Repair Affair.

“What I appreciate most about the REMC is its genuine commitment to serving the local community in every possible way,” said Knear. “Beyond providing reliable electricity, their commitment to supporting the youth in the community and sponsoring local events is something that I really value and appreciate from an employer.”

Top: Knear works at a recent Annual Meeting. Bottom: Knear interacts with some younger co-op members.

“From an early age, I was interested in computers,” said Devin Edwards, IT manager for Marshall County REMC.

“That love grew as I aged and with the creation of new technologies.”

EMERGING LEADERS

His first job in IT came right after high school at the same school he had just graduated from. He supported several school corporations while earning his bachelor’s degree in organizational leadership and supervision from Purdue University North Central in 2011.

DEVIN EDWARDS IT Manager

MARSHALL COUNTY REMC

Though Edwards hadn’t considered the electric cooperative industry before, an opening at Kankakee Valley REMC gave him his first opportunity. He worked there for a year and a half before joining Marshall County REMC in 2018 as IT Manager — a role he has held for seven years.

One of his most significant achievements was leading Marshall County REMC’s transition from a 30-year-old computer system to the NISC platform. The project modernized operations across the cooperative and

marked a turning point in how technology supports members.

“Devin has stepped up with tasks outside of his normal roles and responsibilities and is the first person almost everyone turns to at our cooperative when they need help,” said Arianna Thome, Marshall County REMC communications specialist.

“He’s always there with a kind and helpful demeanor.”

Although Edwards focuses on the members and the cooperative during working hours, his primary source of motivation is at home. He credits his wife, Melissa, and their three children — Hayden, Jocelyn, and Givens — for their support.

Looking ahead, Edwards hopes to keep expanding the role of technology in daily operations.

“I look forward to helping our cooperative grow in the use of technology to make the lives of our members better.”

Edwards with his three children, Hayden, Givens, and Jocelyn, and his wife, Melissa.

EMERGING LEADERS

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 21

Joining the cooperative world was an unexpected, but welcome, career shift for Molly Farkas.

“I was new to the area and applied for an open member services representative position. I didn’t get the job at first and worked at a doctor’s office for a year,” said Farkas. “When the co-op called back, I decided to see what they had to offer.”

MOLLY FARKAS

Member Support Representative WHITEWATER VALLEY REMC

Farkas joined Whitewater Valley REMC in February 2023 as a member services representative and quickly discovered what makes cooperatives special.

“The benefits initially drew me in, but the culture is what has kept me,” said Farkas. “I’m very happy with my job and feel I can build a long career here.”

Education has been a constant priority for Farkas. She holds two associate degrees and a medical billing and coding certificate from Sinclair Community College. In 2025, she graduated Summa Cum Laude with a bachelor’s degree in technical and applied studies from the University of Cincinnati. She will begin her master’s degree in organizational leadership at Mount St. Joseph University in January 2026.

“Her proactive leadership and readiness for new challenges truly set Molly apart,” said Jennifer Scott,

member experience manager and brand ambassador at Whitewater Valley REMC. “She often volunteers for initiatives, driving positive changes and fostering a culture of continuous improvement among her colleagues.”

Her achievements include being named Employee of the Month in August 2023, membership in Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society, and serving as the Customer Service Representative (CSR) section secretary. She’s also active in WiNUP’s Indiana Chapter and engaged in community activities.

“One of the things I love most about working here is the impact our cooperative has on the communities we serve,” said Farkas. “It’s inspiring to see how involved we are, from local events to outreach programs, and to know that we’re making a real difference where we live and work.”

She is eager to grow within the cooperative. “We’re a small co-op, which makes moving up challenging, but I hope to put my skills to work.”

Outside the office, Farkas enjoys golf, planning her wedding, which will take place this month, and spending time with her two spoiled dogs, Willie and Deuce.

Farkas presents a prize at the 2025 Annual Meeting.

Farkas greets a member in the office.

For Blake Kleaving, his connection to the cooperative spans generations.

“My father serves as a board director for Southern Indiana Power, and my grandfather served on Southern Indiana REC’s board in the 1970s,” said Kleaving, Hoosier Energy’s manager of member solutions.

“Cooperative blood runs deep in my family.”

EMERGING LEADERS

BLAKE KLEAVING Manager of Member Solutions HOOSIER ENERGY

His involvement began early. As a middle schooler, Kleaving helped at Annual Meetings and was selected for Youth Tour in 2009. Later, he represented Indiana on the Youth Leadership Council.

Kleaving’s professional journey began with internships at Hoosier Energy and later at Cooperative Finance Corporation (CFC) in Virginia during graduate school, along with volunteering for NRECA’s youth programs.

After earning his degree from Purdue University, he accepted his first full-time position as marketing and member services representative at Corn Belt Energy. Several roles followed — including energy efficiency coordinator at Hoosier Energy and member services coordinator at DaviessMartin County REMC — before he returned to Hoosier Energy in 2020 as manager of member solutions.

“This role is one of the most exciting and fulfilling I’ve ever had — building and growing solutions for our member cooperatives,” Kleaving said.

“Whether coordinating statewide summits, shaping energy efficiency programs, or inspiring others through servant leadership, Blake exemplifies what it means to lead with purpose and integrity,” said Jeremy Price, communications coordinator at Hoosier Energy.

Looking ahead, Kleaving is focused on strengthening member engagement through datadriven insights, expanding strategic planning efforts, and mentoring the next generation of cooperative professionals.

Outside work, he and his wife, Kiersten, share a love for the outdoors — hiking scenic trails, exploring state parks, and cruising in their Jeep.

“Whether it’s a quiet afternoon in the garden, cheering on Purdue athletics, or relaxing with our cats, we find joy in the simple things,” Kleaving said. “Our lives are enriched by time spent with family and friends, making every adventure, big or small, a meaningful one.”

Over the past five years, he has led strategic initiatives, served on influential committees, and completed the Hoosier Energy Executive Leadership Development program and NRECA’s Management Internship Program.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 24

Kleaving (right) talks with other Hoosier Energy employees at an event.
Kleaving speaks at Electrify Indiana.

EMERGING LEADERS

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 23

Madelyn Lamb’s connection to the cooperative began long before her career started.

“My family has been co-op members for as long as I can remember, and I grew up attending Annual Meetings,” said Lamb, marketing specialist for Paulding Putnam.

MADELYN LAMB

PAULDING

ELECTRIC

Her first personal involvement with the co-op came in 2018, when she represented Paulding Putnam as a Youth Tour delegate, an experience that kept the cooperative on her radar.

That early experience came full circle when she joined Paulding Putnam in 2022 as a part-time employee while completing her degree. In 2024, she transitioned to a full-time role as marketing specialist and now also oversees the co-op’s youth programs.

Lamb earned her bachelor’s degree in business administration, specializing in marketing, and her MBA from Bowling Green State University.

“I chose business because it offered versatility,” said Lamb. “Marketing allows me to combine communications, writing, and design — being creative while supporting strategic goals.”

One of Lamb’s proudest achievements so far has been revamping Paulding Putnam’s youth programs — particularly the scholarship program.

In 2024, Paulding Putnam expanded eligibility beyond high school seniors to include students of any age pursuing college, trade, or technical programs. These changes doubled the number of applications received and broadened the program’s impact within the community.

“Maddy brings energy, innovation, and heart to Paulding Putnam — and we couldn’t be more proud,”

PUTNAM

& INTERNET

said Samantha Kuhn, Paulding Putnam’s marketing and communications manager. “Since joining us full-time in fall 2024, Maddy has proven to be a high-capacity team member with extraordinary bandwidth.”

That bandwidth has Lamb prepared for the cooperative’s next big chapter: fiber internet.

“Connecting our members and community with reliable electricity and high-speed broadband will be life-changing for so many,” she said. “I look forward to helping share that story, strengthen member connections, and create even more opportunities through youth and community programs.”

For Lamb, working for the co-op isn’t just a career — it’s a way to make a difference.

“I’ve always been motivated by making a positive impact in my community,” said Lamb, “and I love that Paulding Putnam gives me the chance to do that every day through my career and volunteer opportunities.”

Top: Lamb represented Paulding Putnam as a 2018 Youth Tour delegate. Bottom: Lamb (left) celebrates the success of the 2025 Annual Meeting with her co-workers, Eric Herman and Samantha Kuhn.

Engineering was a natural fit for Marissa Stout, senior reliability and asset management engineer at Hoosier Energy. That’s what led her to RoseHulman Institute of Technology, where she earned a Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering.

EMERGING LEADERS

MARISSA STOUT

Senior Reliability and Asset Management Engineer

“I’ve always had a passion for math and science, especially chemistry,” Stout said. “I liked that chemical engineering offered opportunities across many industries and the chance to make a meaningful difference.”

Her introduction to the cooperative world came through a family friend who worked as a contractor for Hoosier Energy.

“It caught my attention that someone not even directly employed by the company spoke so highly of the staff and culture,” said Stout. “When I learned more about the cooperative model, I admired its focus on serving members and the broader community.”

Stout began as a generation engineering intern and advanced through multiple roles, including generation operations engineer and generation plant engineer. She has held her current position for more than five years.

Stout has helped streamline and expand system reliability analytics throughout her career, creating more transparent reporting for member cooperatives. She also supported the early adoption of a new data cataloging platform. She developed a dataset for system reliability that was recognized as a best-practice model and influenced data curation standards across the organization. With a strong technical foundation and a commitment to innovation, Stout plays a pivotal role in advancing cooperative reliability for the future.

“One standout example is her work in the reliability metrics space, where her attention to detail, interdepartmental collaboration, and proactive problemsolving have ensured that Hoosier’s data remains accurate and timely,” said Jeremy Price, communications coordinator for Hoosier Energy.

“By consistently modeling integrity, accountability, and professionalism,

Marissa has earned the respect of both colleagues and company leadership — demonstrating that leadership isn’t always about titles, but about the influence you have on others.”

Looking forward, Stout is excited about the increasing role of data analytics in grid reliability and asset health.

“With all the challenges and opportunities facing the grid today, data will be key in shaping solutions.”

In her free time, Stout enjoys traveling.

HOOSIER ENERGY

EMERGING LEADERS

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 25

Since 2018, Henry County REMC’s average outage time per member has dropped by an impressive 65%. That drastic change didn’t happen by accident. It’s the result of focused leadership, strategic planning, and a commitment to improvement from Chief Operating Officer Adam Warwas.

ADAM WARWAS

Chief Operating Officer HENRY COUNTY REMC

His approach combines technology, proactive vegetation management, targeted line construction, and rigorous preventative maintenance. Every measure works toward a single goal: keeping the lights on for cooperative members.

“What truly sets Adam apart is his ability to inspire through action. He holds himself and his team to high standards while fostering a culture of collaboration and accountability,” said Melissa True, CEO of Henry County REMC. “His forward-thinking leadership and steady presence have made him an invaluable asset to Henry County REMC and a respected voice in our community.”

After graduating from high school in Monticello, Minnesota, Warwas moved to Valdez, Alaska, where he earned an associate’s degree and joined Copper Valley Electric Association. He gained a staking engineer certification, industry credentials, and a deep respect for the cooperative mission there.

In 2012, Warwas and his family returned closer to home. He worked at Hancock-Wood Electric before joining Henry County REMC in 2016 as a staking engineer. He advanced through several leadership roles before becoming Chief Operating Officer.

His influence reaches beyond day-to-day operations. Warwas is a dedicated advocate for cooperative education, mentoring young people through the cooperative’s summer camp. He communicates

operational efforts in a way that fosters understanding and connects technical expertise with members’ perspectives.

“One of the greatest privileges that comes with being in a leadership role is to provide the learning opportunities and experience to the team around you,” said Warwas. “In our industry, improving an employee’s skill set not only makes them more productive, but it also helps ensure that they go home safely to their families every day. I have genuinely enjoyed providing opportunities to our employees and others to grow their knowledge and gain skills. The operations team here at Henry County has taken tremendous leaps in recent years.”

At the center of it all is family. Warwas credits his wife, Emili, and their four children — Gates, Harbor, Stoa, and Navy — as his greatest motivation. “They turn every bad day into a great day.”

Warwas enjoys mentoring young people through Henry’s cooperative summer camp.

NAVIGATING POLE ATTACHMENTS: Cooperating for connectivity

Indiana’s rural electric membership cooperatives are dedicated to delivering safe, reliable, and affordable electricity while actively supporting rural broadband expansion. They do this by enabling broadband providers to use their infrastructure or directly offering broadband services to their members. As broadband deployment increases, co-ops must carefully balance this growth with their core responsibility — maintaining the safety and reliability of the electric grid.

APPROVAL REQUIRED

Utility poles are engineered to support specific loads safely, and any broadband attachments require thorough analysis and formal approval. This ensures electric service remains undisturbed and the environment remains safe for all involved. By law in Indiana, no attachments can be made to cooperative-owned poles without written permission from the cooperative.

Given their limited staffing and resources, co-ops face significant burdens in processing attachment requests, conducting inspections, and maintaining compliance. Effective communication between broadband providers and cooperatives is critical. Clear, upfront coordination allows for timely approvals and any necessary pole upgrades. Additionally, co-ops must be fairly compensated for their work. As nonprofit, member-owned entities, cooperatives are accountable to their members and must recover the full costs of supporting broadband attachments — including engineering, inspections, and maintenance — to ensure financial fairness and protect infrastructure investments.

ENSURING SAFE AND RELIABLE SERVICE

Despite a strong willingness to collaborate, co-ops sometimes face unsafe and unauthorized attachments by broadband providers. These practices compromise pole integrity and threaten worker and public safety.

Such actions disregard the procedures and co-op oversight that ensure safe and reliable service.

Cooperatives enthusiastically support broadband growth, recognizing its immense value to rural communities. However, this expansion must align with the unique operational responsibilities of electric co-ops. Success depends on consistent communication, proper compensation, and strict adherence to safety standards. These principles protect the electric grid’s long-term reliability and ensure equitable service for all cooperative members as broadband access continues to expand.

Learn more about how Indiana electric co-ops are supporting the future of local communities at action.indianaec.org.

Wabash Valley Power news

Let’s celebrate the co-op difference this October

October is National Co-op Month — and this year, the United Nations has gone even further, declaring 2025 the International Year of Cooperatives. What does that mean? Maybe not much at first glance. But for me, it’s a powerful reminder that co-ops aren’t just another business model. They are something better.

A few years ago, Phil Hayes, a former Wabash Valley Power director and current NineStar Connect director, said he was “an unabashed believer that the co-op model is the best business model if you want to serve customers.” I couldn’t agree more.

At Wabash Valley Power Alliance, our mission is simple: to grow and develop vibrant communities. Unlike investorowned utilities, we don’t answer to Wall Street. We answer to you — our members. That means every decision has one purpose: service.

That difference matters. It allows us to act quickly, think creatively, and take bold steps that others cannot. Think about this: in March, we closed on the purchase, with Hoosier Energy, of the St. Joseph Energy Center, a stateof-the-art natural gas power plant in northern Indiana. This decision, made in less than a year, will strengthen our power supply for decades.

These decisions are critical as we navigate a fast-paced “utility world.” In my lifetime, I’ve never seen energy demand like this. Data centers and increasing electrification are driving growth on a scale we once thought impossible. We are an example of the co-op difference. A few months ago, a global technology leader called us first, as it looked to expand. Why? Because they know the co-op way: we are creative, nimble, and deliver. When one member benefits, we all benefit. That is how the cooperative model works. We structure every deal to protect and uplift all members.

Despite all this, our rates remain consistently competitive. That is not by accident. It’s because we are memberowned. Every dollar is invested with your best interests in mind. The co-op way is about more than electricity. It’s about strategically building something stronger together than any one of us could achieve alone.

So, as we celebrate co-ops, I hope you will remember that the co-op idea works. It works because it’s rooted in trust, community, and the simple truth that we are stronger together.

Boone Power linemen display skills at statewide competition

Eight Boone Power linemen competed in the Indiana Electric Cooperative Lineman Rodeo, held Aug. 21-22 in Danville.

The two-day event showcased the skills and safety training of electric cooperative lineworkers from across Indiana. The linemen competed in several events that tested skills such as pole climbing, hurt man rescue, and safely changing electric line hardware. There were 39 apprentices and 42 journeymen competing this year.

The following linemen represented Boone Power at the rodeo: Dustin Baker, Nathan Funk, Marcus Pingleton, Nick Shepherd, Michael Shirely, Ryan Taylor, Seth Thompson, and Cole VanEnkevort.

Five Boone Power linemen placed in the top third in several competitions:

Nick Shepherd

• Journeyman Hurt Man Rescue –Second Place

Cole VanEnkevort

• Apprentice Overall –Fourth Place

• Apprentice Skill Climb –Seventh Place

Ryan Taylor

• Apprentice Overall – Eighth Place Dustin Baker

• Journeyman Overall –Seventh Place

• Journeyman Egg Climb –Ninth Place

• Journeyman Hurt Man Rescue –Seventh Place

Marcus Pingleton

• Journeyman Egg Climb –12th Place

“We’re proud of our linemen who competed in this year’s rodeo,” said Jeff Dickerson, Boone Power director of operations. “The rodeo is a great opportunity for them to demonstrate their training, skills, and dedication to their jobs.”

Cole VanEnkevort
Marcus Pingleton
Dustin Baker
Ryan Taylor

Fall maintenance helps gardeners prepare for an easier spring

Many people think they should put away their gardening gloves in the fall. Not so. Keep wearing the gloves for a few more weeks for these tasks. Doing this maintenance now will make spring easier.

Water

Watering is critical this time of year for newer trees and shrubs planted in the last two or three years. It’s also important for evergreens, including needle-type like arborvitae (Thuja spp.) and leaf-type like holly (Ilex spp.). The drying winds of winter take a toll on the leaves and needles of evergreens. Sending these plants into winter with good moisture content protects them for next spring’s beauty.

Fertilize

September and October are the two best times to fertilize the lawn. Fall is also the best time to treat perennial weeds like dandelions in the yard. Always read and follow the label directions on the landscape products.

Now is not a good time to fertilize trees, shrubs, vines, and perennials. Fertilizer encourages plant growth, which we don’t want to promote at this point in the year. New growth won’t have time to harden off or prepare for winter. Wait until late winter or spring, when you see new growth beginning, to fertilize.

Prune

Hold off on pruning spring-blooming trees and shrubs this time of year. Pruning spring-blooming plants like lilac and forsythia now cuts off the flower buds for next year. Avoid pruning evergreens, too. You can prune summer- and fall-blooming shrubs during this time, like elderberry (Sambucus spp.) and ninebark (Physocarpus spp.).

To cut back or not

The standard rule used to be to cut back perennials and rake out garden litter from the beds as part of the fall clean-up. The practice was tied to

concerns about insects or disease spending the winter harboring on our plants or their litter.

Many gardeners concerned about the declining population of native bees, beetles, and other fauna don’t cut back their perennials until spring. Our native insects, such as leafcutter bees, winter over in the hollow stems of perennials, or the bugs snuggle down amid the garden litter.

Birds munch on the flower heads, which not only helps them, but the scene also brightens our winter day.

Some concerns exist when you don’t cut back, such as for plants that self-sow, like black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia spp.).

Whether you cut back or not is up to you. If you don’t want to leave all your plants upright, have a trial bed where you don’t cut back and see how you like it. Your resident fauna will.

Jo Ellen Meyers Sharp blogs at hoosiergardener.com

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