Electrical Mirror 2015 Golden Annual Issue

ELECTRICAL MIRROR July 2015

www.electricalmirror.in

Volume V, Issue I

`

Pages 128

80/-

An outlook of the electrical & power Industry

4

th

HYDRO POWER Generation Sector as It Stands Now & Outlook for the Future

ELECTRICAL MIRROR www.electricalmirror.in

July 2012

Volume II, Issue I

Pages 134

` 80/-

An outlook of the electrical & power industry

ELECTRICAL MIRROR www.electricalmirror.in

July 2014

Volume IV, Issue I

Pages 148

` 80/-

An outlook of the electrical & power industry

3

rd

Visit Us At

ELECTRICAL MIRROR INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION

25

th

to 28

th

July,2014

Hall No. 14 Stall No. A-45a

Overview of Indian Power Sector Inside:Total losses in Power Distribution & Transmission lines Enhanced Transformer Safety & Reduced Maintenance through the use of Ester Fluids Power Conditioning Eliminating the Myth of the Domestic content requirement of Solar PV Panel & Ensuring Energy Security to all Indian Taluka

Inside VERIFYING THE IEC 61850 CONFIGURATION AND ASSESSING THE COMMUNICATION NETWORK DURING COMMISSIONING UNEARTHED CABLES V/S EARTHED CABLES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DOES NOT PERMIT COMPROMISING OF STANDARDS & SHORT CUT METHODS VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION CONTD...

A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SINGLE-STAGE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION RENEWABLE ENERGY : THE INDIA CHAPTER!

Interviews:Schneider Electric India Lapp India M&I Material Pvt. Ltd. Andritz- Hydro Group PME Power Solutions India Pvt. Ltd. Jakson Group Flir Systems India Pvt. Ltd. Gala Thermo Shrink Pvt. Ltd. Heatflex Cables Pvt. Ltd. Akshyan Power Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Explore Consultancy Access Solar Limited

Interviews GREEN-WATT TECHNO SOLUTIONS PROLIFIC SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD. BRACO ELECTRICALS [INDIA] PVT. LTD. COMPAQ INTERNATIONAL (P) LTD. STERLING AND WILSON POWERGEN PVT. LTD. INDIAN ENERGY EXCHANGE PVT. LTD. VIKRAM SOLAR PVT. LTD. APAR INDUSTRIES LTD.

TM

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company

Finally CT & PT found a common Buddy

Green-Watt’s CT/PT Analyzer is a one point solution for testing of all type of CT & PT. Tests for Current Transformer:

Tests for Voltage Transformer:

1）Excitation curve and parameters test 2）Turns ratio test 3）Ratio and phase error test 4）Polarity mark check 5）Winding resistance measurement 6）Secondary loop burden measurement 7）Error line curve test for protection CT 8）Transient CT parameters test 9）CT nameplate guess 10) Saturation hysteresis loop curve measurement

1) Turns ratio and phase angle error test 2) Polarity test 3) Secondary burden test 4) Winding resistance test

Corporate Address TF-456 , Tower B , Palam Corporate Plaza , Palam Vihar ,Gurgaon , Haryana -122017 , India

For Demonstrations contact us @ sales@green-watt.co.in (Toll Free) 1800-3000-0902 www.green-watt.co.in

TM

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company

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Accuracy < 0.1% , 15Kg , perform all basic & advance test with CT Knee Point measurement upto 45KV

Portable 1Ph & 3Ph Energy Meter Testers

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Best in class specifications Unique test approach Interference rejection capability Each equipment is supported by advance service center in Gurgaon backed by a team of expert application & service engineers. GW aims in bringing highest specification products at the doorstep of Indian customers in best rates.

Corporate Address Green-Watt Techno Solutions (P) Ltd. 456, Tower B, Palam Corporate Plaza, PalamVihar, Gurgaon - 122017, Haryana (India)

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GW-CRT600 with 100 to 600A DC

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Vacuum Interrupter Life Analyzer

GW-Vila predict the remaining life of VI bottles by knowing degree of vacuum inside.

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For demonstrations contact us@ sales@green-watt.co.in (Toll Free) 1800-3000-0902

Vanguard Instruments Company, Inc. USA SGT-600

part number 9112-UC

safety ground tester

DESCRIPTION The Vanguard SGT-600 Safety Ground Tester is a 600A DC micro-ohmmeter designed specifically to measure the resistance of protective in-service grounding and jumper cable assemblies. The SGT600 can measure the resistance of the grounding cables, clamps and ferrules. The measured resistance values can be compared against the calculated values (using the ASTM 2249-03 standard) and a Pass/Fail result can be printed along with the measured resistance values.

USB Flash drive interface

The SGT-600 can measure resistance value from 1 micro-ohm to 1000 milliohms. A typical test requires the two ends of the safety ground cable to be connected to the terminals of the SGT-600. The resistance of the cable and ferrules can then be measured.

SPECIFICATIONS resistance reading range 1 micro-ohm - 1000 milliohms (max 1.5 milliohms @ 600A, 450 milliohms @ 10A, 1000 milliohms @ 1A) test current range 10A - 600A (selectable in 1A steps); thermally protected DC power supply accuracy 10A - 49.9A: 1% ±2 micro-ohms, 50A - 600A: 1% ±1 micro-ohm test voltage 5 Vdc display back-lit LCD screen (128 x 64 pixels) viewable in bright sunlight and low-light levels keypad rugged, 44-key "QWERTY" membrane keypad internal data storage 100 test records external data storage up to 999 test records on USB Flash drive computer interfaces RS-232C for factory diagnostics and calibration, USB Flash drive port printer built-in 2 12 ” wide thermal printer

VBT-75P vacuum bottle tester

part number 9005-UC

DESCRIPTION The VBT-75P offers all of the features of the VBT-75 above and also includes a built-

SPECIFICATIONS input power

90 - 240 Vac, 2A, 50/60 Hz

output voltage

10kV - 75 kV dc in 5 kV steps; accuracy: 1.5%

in 2 12 " wide thermal printer. The VBT-75P

output ripple voltage 3% max

also features a larger LCD screen.

discharge time

maximum discharge time for internal high voltage is 3 seconds

display

back-lit LCD (20 characters x 4 lines); viewable in bright sunlight and low-light levels

failure indicator

failure indicator LED illuminates when test current exceeds 100 μA, 200 μA, 300 μA (programmable)

control

single turn-and-press knob

printer

built-in 2 12 ” wide thermal printer

cables

one 10-foot (3.05m) high-voltage cable, one 10foot (3.05m) high voltage return cable, one ground cable, one power cord

TRF-250 automatic, 3-phase transformer ratio tester

part number 9106-UC

DESCRIPTION The TRF-250 is Vanguard’s fourth generation transformer turns ratio tester. This latest design provides a higher turns-ratio test voltage of 250Vac, provides a wireless Bluetooth PC interface, and features a 44-key “QWERTY”-style membrane keyboard. All these features greatly improve the accuracy of the turns ratio readings, ease of operation, and reliability.

USB PC interface Bluetooth PC interface USB Flash drive interface

The TRF-250 determines the turns ratio of the transformer under test using the IEEE C57.12.90 measurement method. The turns-ratio range is from 0.8 to 50,000 to 1. Transformer turns ratio, excitation current, and winding polarity are displayed on the built-in 128x64 pixels graphic LCD screen. The TRF250 can be used as a standalone unit or can be computer-controlled.

SPECIFICATIONS input power measuring method ratio measuring range turns-ratio accuracy

test voltages current reading range display computer interface internal data storage printer

100 - 240 Vac, 50/60 Hz ANSI/IEEE C57.12.90 0.8 - 50,000 : 1 4 Vac: 0.8 - 2,000 (±0.1%), 2,001 - 4,000 (±0.25%), 4,001 15,000 (±1%), 15,001 - 50,000 (±2%) 40 Vac: 0.8 - 2,000 (±0.1%), 2,001 - 4,000 (±0.20%), 4,001 - 15,000 (±1%), 15,001 - 50,000 (±1.5%) 100 Vac: 0.8 - 2,000 (±0.1%), 2,001 - 4,000 (±0.20%), 4,001- 15,000 (±1%) , 15,001 - 50,000 (±1.5%) 250 Vac: 0.8 - 2,000 (±0.1%), 2,001 - 4,000 (±0.15%), 4,001 - 15,000 (±0.8%), 15,001 - 50,000 (±1.2%) 4 Vac @ 1 Amp, 40 Vac @ 200 mA, 100 Vac @ 100 mA, 250 Vac @ 50 mA 0 - 2 Amperes, accuracy: ±0.1mA, ±2% of reading (±1 mA) back-lit LCD screen (128 x 64 pixels) viewable in bright sunlight Bluetooth, USB port 112 test records and 128 test plans optional built-in 412 ” wide thermal printer

ZERA India Pvt. Ltd . A-47 Sector 25 . GIDC Electronics Estate . Gandhinagar - 382024 . Gujarat E-mail: zeramedia@zera.co.in, Web: www.zera.de

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EDITORâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S DESK

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR An outlook of the electrical & power industry

Editor

Alka Puri

Associate Editor Shefali Bisht

Design & Production Abhishek Shukla

Business Head-India

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.in

Asst. Manager West & South India Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.in

Sales & Marketing Rajesh Kumar Chandni Sagar Hemant Chauhan

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Chauhan Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.in Call: 011-65104350/ 011-22758660

Dear Readers, Electrical Mirror has completed its 4 successful years in the industry.

With this issue we are entering in our 5th year. We are very glad to present our 4th anniversary issue and would like to thank all our advertisers, writers and subscribers. We expect same kind of support from your side to be a consistent leader in the industry.

India is blessed with the immense number of water resources therefore has a huge potential for hydro power generation. The country ranks 5th in the world in terms of usable hydroelectric potential. The focus of current government is to increase the share of Renewable energy in total power generation of the country which suggests a strong growth for the hydro power sector in India. Currently the Hydro Sector is facing a major challenge of low investment. During the budget the Power & Energy Minister also mentioned that the investors are not taking much interest to invest in the hydro power sector. However, he has also assured that the government will make efforts to rejuvenate the hydro power projects.

Hydro power sector is the most important source which is fuelling the growing needs of electricity of the country but still it is struggling to find investors. Hope the situations will change soon and the hydro sector will see a boom a boom.

In the end of the note, a big thanks to the whole team of Electrical Mirror because without teamwork it was not possible to hold a successful position in the industry throughout the journey of 4 years.

Please give us your feedback at editor@electricalmirror.in

For more details check out our Website www.electricalmirror.in & you can also visit our facebook page www.facebook.in/electricalmirror

All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibilty any unlikely errors that might occur.

Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi-110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com

Editor: Alka Puri

Editor

contents ELECTRICAL MIRROR July 2015

www.electricalmirror.in

Volume V, Issue I

`

Pages 128

80/-

An outlook of the electrical & power Industry

4

th

HYDRO POWER Generation Sector

90

ELECTRICAL MIRROR www.electricalmirror.in

July 2012

Volume II, Issue I

Pages 134

` 80/-

An outlook of the electrical & power industry

as It Stands Now & Outlook for the Future

ELECTRICAL MIRROR www.electricalmirror.in

July 2014

Volume IV, Issue I

Pages 148

62

Focus: Wires & Cables Unearthed Cables v/s Earthed Cables

` 80/-

An outlook of the electrical & power industry

3

rd

Visit Us At

ELECTRICAL MIRROR INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION

25

th

to 28

th

July,2014

Hall No. 14 Stall No. A-45a

Overview of Indian Power Sector Inside:Total losses in Power Distribution & Transmission lines Enhanced Transformer Safety & Reduced Maintenance through the use of Ester Fluids Power Conditioning Eliminating the Myth of the Domestic content requirement of Solar PV Panel & Ensuring Energy Security to all Indian Taluka

Inside VERIFYING THE IEC 61850 CONFIGURATION AND ASSESSING THE COMMUNICATION NETWORK DURING COMMISSIONING UNEARTHED CABLES V/S EARTHED CABLES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DOES NOT PERMIT COMPROMISING OF STANDARDS & SHORT CUT METHODS VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION CONTD...

A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SINGLE-STAGE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

Interviews:Schneider Electric India Lapp India M&I Material Pvt. Ltd. Andritz- Hydro Group PME Power Solutions India Pvt. Ltd. Jakson Group Flir Systems India Pvt. Ltd. Gala Thermo Shrink Pvt. Ltd. Heatflex Cables Pvt. Ltd. Akshyan Power Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Explore Consultancy Access Solar Limited

Interviews GREEN-WATT TECHNO SOLUTIONS PROLIFIC SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD. BRACO ELECTRICALS [INDIA] PVT. LTD. COMPAQ INTERNATIONAL (P) LTD. STERLING AND WILSON POWERGEN PVT. LTD. INDIAN ENERGY EXCHANGE PVT. LTD. VIKRAM SOLAR PVT. LTD. APAR INDUSTRIES LTD.

RENEWABLE ENERGY : THE INDIA CHAPTER!

Cover Story Hydro Power Generation sector as it stands now & outlook for the future

12

News Update India,US to set up Rs 50-crore fund to promote clean energy

30

Orders & Contracts Bajaj Electricals gets 89 crore order from KPTCL

76

Focus : Transformers, Transmission & Distribution Electrical system does not permit compromising of standards & short cut methods

96

Focus : Power Solution & Power Factor Correction A Review on Recent Advances in Single-Stage Power Factor Correction

108

Focus : Renewable Energy Renewable energy: The India chapter!

84

Case Study of the Month VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATIONContd...

34

Focus : Testing & Measuring Instruments

Verifying the IEC 61850 Configuration and Assessing the Communication Network during Commissioning

42

82

Face to Face

Face to Face

Kunal Sharma - Director - GreenWatt Techno Solutions

Sanjay Jadhav - President - Sterling and Wilson Powergen Pvt. Ltd.

44

112

Face to Face

Face to Face

Rajeush Ballamwar - Founder Director - Prolific Systems & Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Rajesh Mediratta- Director, Business Development- Indian Energy Exchange Pvt Ltd.

66

116

Face to Face

Face to Face

Suniil Giasotta - CEO - Braco Electricals [India] Pvt. Ltd.

Ivan Saha - President & Chief Technical OďŹ&#x192;cer - Vikram Solar Pvt. Ltd.

118

70

Face to Face

Face to Face

Harpreet Singh - CEO - Compaq International (P) Ltd.

Vishvesh Bhatia - Sr. General Manager/ Marketing - Apar Industries Ltd

Company Profile

Product Info

ISA Advance Instruments Pvt. Ltd.

48

Deif India Pvt. Ltd.

50

Yande Polymers

75

Neptune India Ltd.

106

The Motwane manufacturing company pvt. ltd.

57

Event Diary Advertisers Index 10 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Testo India Pvt. Ltd. Zera India Pvt. Ltd. Testo India Pvt. Ltd. Meco Instruments Pvt. Ltd. Klauke India Megger India Flir Systems India Pvt. Ltd.

40 52 54 58 59 60 61

122 124 ||www.electricalmirror.in||

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 11

NEWS of the Month NHPC to set up 4 hydroelectric projects in Darjeeling State-run NHPC said it will set up 4 hydroelectric projects with a total generation capacity of 293 MW in the Teesta Basin of Darjeeling.

In a BSE filing, NHPC said: “An agreement has been signed on July 3, 2015 for the development of four hydroelectric projects of total estimated capacity of 293 MW, in Teesta Basin, amongst West Bengal government, West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company and NHPC at Kolkata.”

The four projects are -- Teesta Low Dam-V, Teesta low dam I & II combined, Teesta Intermediate Stage and Rammam Stage-I, all located in District Darjeeling of West Bengal, it added.

These projects shall be developed on build, own, operate and maintain (BOOM) basis by NHPC, the filing said.

Power Finance Corporation sets up SPV subsidiaries for UMPPs in Bihar and Jharkhand State-run Power Finance Corporation has incorporated two subsidiaries -Deoghar Infra Ltd and Bihar Infrapower Ltd -- for setting up two ultra mega power projects of 4,000 MW each in Jharkhand and Bihar. “..Companies have been incorporated as wholly owned subsidiaries of Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFC)... Deoghar Infra Limited and Bihar Infrapower Limited on June 30, 2015,” These two companies are special purpose vehicle to implement the two ultra mega thermal power projects of 4,000 MW each.

Earlier

in

April,

the

Jharkhand

government had asked the Power Ministry to issue a direction to PFC to accelerate work on the 4000-MW mega power project in Deoghar district.

In a letter to Union Power Minister Piyush Goyal, Chief Minister Raghubar Das had requested that PFC should be directed to speed up the project so that it could be completed within the time frame.

Das had said in the letter that the state had already given permission for the project and that PFC would have to arrange meetings with various departments on water allotment.

Power Minister Piyush Goyal had earlier announced setting up of 4,000 MW UMPP in Bihar with assurance of sufficient number of coal blocks.

India,US to set up Rs 50-crore fund to promote clean energy India and the US have entered into an agreement to set up a Rs 50-crore fund to support clean energy by providing financial support to develop and test innovative products, systems and business models.

“India and the United States of America signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on cooperation to establish the PACESetter Fund,” a New and Renewable Energy Ministry press release said.

clean energy through early-stage grant funding grants to develop and test innovative products, systems, and business models.

The MoU was signed by New and Renewable Energy Secretary Upendra Tripathy from Indian side and United States Ambassador to India Richard

Verma from USA side on June 30 at New Delhi.

The Government of India and the United States of America have announced the launch of a new initiative “Promoting Energy Access through Clean Energy (PEACE)”.

It further said that India-US corpus of about Rs 500 million (USD 8 million) have been drawn on 50:50 sharing basis (under the pact for the purpose).

According to the statement, the fund will support the Promoting Energy Access Through Clean Energy (PEACE) track of the US-India Partnership to Advance Clean Energy (PACE) to accelerate the commercialisation of off-grid 12 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

||www.electricalmirror.in||

QCap-L series. Low voltage capacitors for improved power quality.

ABB introduces the QCap-L series low voltage capacitors to improve power factor for a wide range of applications. The QCap-L series capacitors consists of a dielectric made of metallized polypropylene film which gives it a long design life and allows for low losses. Its dry type design minimizes the risk of leakage and environmental pollution. With its self-healing technology and accreditation to international standards, the QCap-L series capacitors offer a simple and cost effective solution in improving power quality and reducing costs. QCap-L is available in a wide power range, for normal as well as heavyduty applications. www.abb.com/highvoltage

ABB India Limited Phone : +91 80 2294 9391 Telefax : +91 80 2294 9339

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 13

NEWS of the Month Power spot market continues to see low price and buy in June The Market Clearing Price (MCP) of power in the IEX spot power market in June, 2015 was Rs 2.56 per unit, 2% below the price in May’15. The average Area Clearing Price (ACP) also reduced all across regions with the Northern region being the only exception where price increased by over 40% over the previous month, mainly due to the unavailability of transmission corridor from the West or from the East.

Therefore, all demand in North had to be offset from generation within the region. In June’15, the Day-ahead spot market was predominantly a buyer’s market with sell bids exceeding buy bids by almost 1.5 BUs. As regards volume, the daily average trade was almost 82 MUs.Total cleared volume was 2.4 BUs, 15% lesser than 2.9 BUs traded last month. The decrease in volume can be attributed to the low demandfrom the distribution utilities, and a significant part of the total volume traded was by the open access consumers.

Lower prices in the region is fit case for Discoms to reduce their cost of power procurement by replacing higher marginal cost power. Few utilities resort to the above, however, still a lot of scope exists for utilities to reduce marginal cost of power purchase by purchasing more through the Exchange.

daily basis in June

• Total Sell bids – 4.6 BUs

Area Clearing Prices (ACP):

• Total buy bids – 3.1 BUs

The average Area Clearing Prices (ACP) discovered after accounting for transmission congestion varied between Rs 2.18 per unit to Rs 3 per unit. While in NorthACP was at Rs 3.18/kWh,over 40% higher as compared to last month.

• Northern States bought – 970 MUs, 30% less over the previous month.

The average area prices in June vis-à-vis May are as summarized in the table below:

• North-Eastern States bought - 18 MUs, 55% less over the previous month.

• Southern States bought – 543 MUs, 14% more over the previous month.

North-East (A1,A2)

• North-Eastern and Western States sold - 121 MUs and 818 MUs respecAverage Prices (Rs./Kwh) tively - 68% and 26% June’15 May’15 Change (%) more over previous 2.22 2.26 -2% month.

East (E1,E2)

3.22

2.26

-2%

North (N1,N2)

3.18

2.26

41%

Punjab (N3)

3.21

2.26

42%

South (S1)

2.99

3.59

-17%

South (S2)

3.00

5.55

-46%

West (W1,W2,W3)

2.18

2.25

-3%

MCP*

2.56

2.62

-2%

Bid Areas

*MCP (Market Clearing Price) refers to the price discovered before accounting for congestion in Inter-State transmission network *ACP (Area Clearing Price) refers to the bid area prices discovered after accounting for congestion in the Inter-State transmission network

Area-wise buy and sell volume trend in June vis-a-visMay is summarized in the table below: Transmission C o n g e s t i o n Analysis: • East-North corridor was congested for about 73% of the time.

• E a s t- S o u t h and West-South corridors were congested for about 47% and 51% of the time.

Volumes:

A total of about 2.4 BUs were traded in The trend of Inter-State transmission June. congestion reversed in June since Participation: congestion towards Southern region The Eastern, North-Eastern and Western 1,028 participants traded in the spot eased out while towards the Northern States were the Net Sellers, while the market on an average daily basis. region, corridor remained congested Northern and Southern States were the The highest participation was recorded through the month. This resulted in Net Buyers. higher price in North and lower price A few key power market highlights are on 2 June, 2015 when 1,136 participants traded at the Exchange. in South, an unusual pattern in the as given below: Day-Ahead Spot Market.

About 293 MUs were lost due BUY (MU) SELL (MU) NET to Inter-State transmission REGION June’15 May’15 Change(%) June’15 May’15 Change(%) network congestion, a drastic 2.5 fold increase over North East 18.27 40.81 -55% 121.20 72.07 68% SELL the previous month when East 267.44 289.89 -8% 317.94 686.80 -54% SELL only 88 MUs were lost.

North 970.49 1394.79 -30% 898.61 1102.34 -18% BUY On an average, 1,028 participants traded in the day ahead spot market on a

14 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

West

648.73

690.20

-6%

818.05

647.51

26%

SELL

South

542.52

474.92

14%

291.66

381.90

-24%

BUY

||www.electricalmirror.in||

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 15

EE364

16 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

EE355

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 17

NEWS of the Month Smart Testing for a Reliable Grid

Register now for the 2015 OMICRON IPTS and ITMF Measurement Forum (ITMF)

T

he exchange of knowledge about new methods and solutions forensuring stable and reliable grids will be the central pillar of this year’s International Protection Testing Symposium (IPTS) and Instrument Transformer Measurement Forum (ITMF). The 3-day international conference will take place from October 13-15, 2015 in Feldkirch, Austria.

October 2015

14-15,

International Protection Testing Symposium (IPTS)

The ITMF 2015 will concentrate on conventional and non-conventional instrument transformers.

General subjects such as design and accuracy will be covered along withmore specific topics such as power quality requirements, ferroresonance and field diagnostics.

October 13-14, 2015

Target audience

The IPTS 2015 will cover topics concerned with protection testing in distribution automation, transmission systems and generation. Selected papers will focus on power utility communication, IEC 61850 system verification, data management and new distributed testing approaches that consider simulation.

• Protection and measurement engineers working for utilities, railway and industry

Subjects

• Manufacturers of protective equipment, instrument transformers, power transformers and switchgear • Service providers, project companies • Regulatory authorities, consultants •

Universities

International knowledge exchange

Instrument Transformer 18 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

experience during a variety of practical sessions.

Welcome to Austria The charming and medieval city of Feldkirch is situated at the border of Austria, Swit-zerland, Germany and Liechtenstein, and can be reached via several airports. The exciting social program of the IPTS and ITMF will also include a visit to the nearby OMICRON Development Center in Klaus, where the “heart of OMICRON” is located.

Take the chance to benefit from the abundance of multicultural technical ideas that will be shared during these events. For registration and more information please visit www.omicron.at/ ipts-itmf.

Participants and speakers from all over the world will add a truly international flavor to these special OMICRON events.Aside from the conferences, attendees will also have theopportunity to gain hands-on ||www.electricalmirror.in||

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 19

NEWS of the Month REC Trading Session: June, 2015

Captive Power Producers keep the market momentum going Highlights of the trading session held on 24thJune, 2015:

4,88,464RECs this year (645% increase).

segment and 321participants in the solar segment.

Non-Solar REC Solar REC

However, the market registered a decrease of 48% over the previous month’s trading session when a total of 2,92,400 RECs (2,11,533 N-solar and 80,867 Solar RECs)

On an overall basis, a total of 2,494participants are registered in the REC segment at IEX. Of this,753are Eligible Entities (RE Generators) 1,728are Obligated Entities (DISCOMs, Open Access Consumers & Captive Generators) and13are registered as Voluntary Entities.

Trade Volume (REC)

1,28,180

22,682

Sell bid (REC)

79,76,449

16,45,873

Purchase Bid (REC)

1,28,180

22,682

Price discovered (Rs/REC) 1,500

3,500

No. of participants

321

701

Due to the recent Judgment of the Honorable Supreme Court directing the Captive Power Producers to comply with Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) as mandated by the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs),trading witnessed participation from Captive Power Producers and Open Access Consumers.

The session held at IEX on 24thJune, 2015, saw trade of 1,50,862RECs (1,28,180 N-Solar and 22,682 Solar RECs) with a market share of 81%.In the first quarter of this fiscal, total buy from Open Access and Captive consumers saw a jump from 65,611 RECs bought in the first quarter last year to

were traded.

In the non-solar segment, a total of1,28,180buy bids and 79,76,449 sell bids were received. All the buy bids were cleared at floor price of Rs 1,500 per REC. In the solar segment, totalbuy bids of 22,682 RECs and sell bids of 16,45,873RECs were received and all buy bids were cleared at floor price of Rs3,500 per REC. Participants: A total of 1,022participants traded at IEXwith 701 participants in non-solar

About IEX (www.iexindia.com) IEX is India’s premier power trading platform. Currently, IEX operates Day-Ahead Market (DAM) and Term-Ahead Market (TAM) in electricity as well as Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Market. The Exchange provides a transparent, demutualised and automated platform enabling efficient price discovery and price risk management for participants. IEX is approved and regulated by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) and has been operating since 27 June, 2008.

OMICRON sponsors PAC World Seminar in Delhi help us build knowledge about power Industry.

O

MICRON is excited to be one of the sponsors of the first PAC World Seminar in New Delhi, India during July 21-22, 2015.

This event will be good opportunity for meeting members of the PAC World community, professionals from utilities and universities, manufacturers and consultants, at a unique event that will

20 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

The organisers are delivering a wide range of topics including:

transmission line protection • Improving the efficiency of the engineering of PAC systems

• The role of Protection in the Smart Grid • Developments in IEC 61850 related to PAC systems, including IEC 61850 Sampled Values and Synchrophasor applications • Improvements in distribution and

||www.electricalmirror.in||

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||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 21

NEWS of the Month With India becoming the global hub for product development & design, Europe’s finest switch maker, Simon to set up Centre for Design Excellence in India India is fast emerging as the global hub for product development, innovation and design. With a focus on creating new ideas that transform design and technology into effective solutions for comfort, safety and stylishness, Simon, Europe’s finest switch maker is coming with its aggressive design drive for Indian market by announcing the set up of Centre for Design Excellence in India. Celebrating the notion of ‘World Industrial Design Day’ the company announced the investment of Rs 25 Cr in India on Global R&D Centre, marketing and branding. This step has been taken to redefine product design in electrical wiring devices and light segment in the country & to bring world class products to the core.

While the Indian market is flooded with products, consumers are still far away from the modern product design that can match up with their lifestyle and interior needs. To cater to the demands of new-age consumers who are more into quality and design, Simon brings the highest quality standards and maximum competitiveness in its product portfolio. With its latest R&D centre and world-class production facilities, the company sees a huge opportunity in the country and therefore plans to focus on delivering India specific products.

of the brand in India. It endeavours to cater to the rising Indian market and bring its product line to customers and organizations, which believe in quality and innovation. Going forward, the company aims to cater to the boosting demand for Innovation, Excellence & Premiumness in the electrical wiring devices and lighting control systems segment in India.

Speaking on the company’s aggressive plans for Indian market, Mr. Amit Garg, CEO, Simon India said, “The local manufacturing is definitely an advantage but what is important for Simon is the design and designing the right solutions. The centre of excellence in India is a step in that direction.

To capture the pulse of the market, it is very important that we create value for customers in India. We are aiming to be amongst the top three premium electrical switch brands in India in next five years and for that, we are

expanding our R&D capacity in India with our latest investment plans” “Going apt with the market demands for design and innovation, we have created a roadmap of brand awareness by networking with architects, and builders at local level and building a team of R&D professionals”, he added.

Simon has a century-old legacy of quality and trust that it brings into Indian market. An innovation led business, a global expertise and excellent R&D facilities have made the company a world leader in electrical switches, LED lighting, domotics, security, access control, trunking and urban furniture. With an aim to make India an Industrial Design hub in the category, the company intends to start a new trend of design and innovation in the market and establish Simon as the most preferred brand in this category.

In India, the demand of design and innovation in electrical wiring devices is growing significantly and the company is leveraging this opportunity by building a team of professionals wherein out of every 10 people one person belongs to R&D department.

As the infrastructure is witnessing a stupendous growth, the company is focusing on the premium positioning 22 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 23

NEWS of the Month N Chandrababu Naidu foreseeing Centre’s support for renewable projects in Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu sought Centre’s support to make his state a ‘model state’ in renewable energyprojects including solar and wind hybrid projects.

Andhra Pradesh government also wants to capitalise on the big opportunity of developing power sector in the state, particularly renewable energy sector.

Naidu met Coal, Power and New & Renewable Energy Minister Piyush Goyalhere and discussed various issues related to development of power and renewable energy sector in Andhra Pradesh.

He said that the state has conducive conditions like required sunlight for solar power and speedy wind to run mills for generating electricity.

“We have discussed issues related to development of power sector in the state,” Goyal said after around a two-hour long meeting with the chief minister.

A senior state official said that the

Under the National Solar Mission, India has increased its targeted solar power generation capacity by five fold to 100GW by 2022.

At present, the solar power generation capacity is around 4,000MW .Thus, there is a huge potential to develop solar plants in the country.

BHEL executes Sudan’s largest power project BHEL executed the 500 MW, oil-fired Kosti thermal power project on an engineering, procurement and construction basis. The company designed, manufactured, supplied and installed the power project with four units of 125 MW each, BHEL said in a statement.

The project uses crude oil from South Sudan as fuel, for which BHEL designed special boilers. The major equipment -boilers, steam turbines, generators, controls and instrumentation and transformers were made in-house. BHEL also constructed a canal from the White Nile River to supply water for the project, which is funded by a $350 million loan from India, according to the statement.

24 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

The Kosti project is BHEL’s largest outside India and the first for the company in Africa. Overseas projects that BHEL is executing include the 64 MW Grand Katende hydro project in Congo, 18 MW power plant in Comoros, 8x183 MW Keban hydro rehabilitation project in Turkey and three hydro projects in Bhutan with a combined capacity of 2,940 MW.

ECIL hands over critical nuclear monitoring equipment to JNPT Hyderabad headquartered stateowned electronics firm Electronics Corporation of India Ltd (ECIL) has handed over a critical home land security system - radiological detection equipment (RDE) to India’s largest container port Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) at Mumbai.

The equipment helps monitor the transport of illicit nuclear material at entry and exit points of the country in the context of increasing nuclear terrorism.

In a statement on Monday, ECIL said its chairman and managing director P Sudhakar has handed over the equipment JNPT’s chairman in-charge Neeraj Bansal in the presence of India’s Atomic energy secretary and Atomic Energy Commission’s Chairman RK Sinha.

The ECIL statement said RDE consists of vehicle monitors, pedestrian monitors, radiation survey meter and isotope identifiers. The equipment acts as detection device that provide a passive, non-intrusive means to screen containers and pedestrians for the presence of nuclear and radioactive materials.

The equipment also alerts security personnel by means of audio/visual alarms, both locally and remotely. A camera in the equipment records the number plate of the vehicle / image of the person in the event of alarm. The alarm events can also be sent as SMS alert on mobile to respective seaport and department of atomic energy authorities.

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 25

NEWS of the Month Haryana government planning to launch scheme for supplying uninterrupted power to rural areas The Haryana government said it will launch “ Mhara Gaon-Jagmag Gaon” scheme, aimed at supplying uninterrupted power to rural consumers besides strengthening distribution network and realising outstanding payments.

According to the scheme, to be launched on July 1, out of the 90 constituencies all over the state, 83 with rural domestic supply (RDS) feeder will be benefited, said an official spokesperson.

In each constituency, one feeder with least losses has been selected on pilot basis to be given the advantages as per the scheme.

With the launch of the scheme, the power supply of the selected village will be immediately increased from existing 12 hours to 15 hours, he added.

With the replacement of defective meters and shifting of existing ones outside the premises of consumers besides replacement of naked wires with Aerial Bunched Cable, the supply

would be increased from 15 hours to 18 hours per day.

Consequently, with the improvement in the billing and collection efficiency up to 90 per cent, the supply time will be increased to 21 hours a day.

The scheme will include holding of Bijli Panchayats in every constituency for release of new connections, replacement of defective/damaged electro-mechanical meters, correction of erroneous bills and regularisation of unauthorised loads, said Nitin Yadav, Managing Director, Uttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam.

Besides, it would include effective distribution of energy bills, replacement of old damaged bare conductors with Aerial Bunch/Armored Cables and relocation of meters outside premises of the consumers.

The surcharge of consumers who pay the principal amount in five equal installments will be waived off, he added.

Chhattisgarh to set up 270 solar shops in all districts To promote use of solar products, the Chhattisgarh government has decided to set up 270 shops across the state to sell such products, officials said.

State government officials said under the scheme ‘Sour Mitra Akshay Urja Yoajan,’ 10 shops will be set up in each district of the state through Chhattisgarh State Renewable Energy Development Agency (CREDA).

CREDA officials said solar home lights, solar street lights, solar TV’s, fans, panels, LED bulbs solar desk light solar study lamps and 26 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

lantern with guarantee of five years will be available for customers.

They said that the shops will have products certified by CREDA.

India planning to set new solar capacity target of 100,000 MW by 2022 The Union Cabinet approved a five-fold increase in the country’s solar power capacity target to 100,000 MW by 2022, entailing an investment of Rs 600,000 crore, to make India one of the largest green energy producers.

“The target will principally comprise of 40 GW rooftop and 60 GW through large and medium-scale grid-connected solar power projects,” an official release said. In the first phase under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, the government will provide Rs 15,050 crore as capital subsidy for rooftop solar projects in cities and towns, for viability gap funding-based projects to be developed through the Solar Energy Corporation of India and for decentralised generation through small solar projects.

About Rs 90,000 crore of solar power projects will be developed and bundled with thermal power projects.

India’s installed solar power capacity was 3,743.97 MW at the end of May, according to data on the Central Electricity Authority website.

Investments from large public sector undertakings and independent power producers, along with state-specific solar policies, are expected to help reach the target.

“The government of India may also approach bilateral and international donors as also the Green Climate Fund for achieving this target,” the release said.

The new solar target of 100 GW is expected to result in the reduction of over 170 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, a gas contributing to climate change. ||www.electricalmirror.in||

Canadian JV Sarus Solar plans 500 MW solar park in Maharashtra Sarus Solar, a joint venture of three Canadian firms is planning to invest around Rs 6,500 crore to set up a 500 MW solar photo-voltaic farm in Maharashtra.

Sarus Solar, a consortium of PV manufacturer Canadian Solar, EPC firm Guycan Solar and investment firm Mackie Research Capital Corporation, will set up the park in Shahpur in Thane district of the state.

“The Canadian firm saw huge potential in the solar sector in India especially after the government announced its target of 100 GW capacity by 2020.

We plan to set up solar parks of 500 MW each in the country.

To begin with, we plan to set up our first one in Maharashtra with an investment of Rs 6,500 crore,” Sarus Solar Head of Operations (India) Arun Agarwal told.

Sarus Solar has also partnered with domestic firm Neelkanth Solar Energy to enter the Indian market for “ease in doing business” here, he said.

He further said the firm has already bought 16 acres of land on lease for 25 years from Dhanashree Infratech.

“We are now awaiting Maharashtra government’s approval for the project. We plan to supply the entire power generated to the state and we are working out on the possibilities of signing power purchase agreements with discoms,” ..

The EPC work of the project will be carried out by Guycan, while the panels and technology would be provided by Canadian Solar and Mackie Research will fund the project entirely.

“We expect the project to be completed within 30 months from commissioning of the work. Once this project kicks of, we are planning to develop a similar 500 MW park in Jharkhand. We have already received an approval for setting up the project there,” he said.

Last year, the company had approached the Odisha government to set up a similar project in the state. However, due to certain issues pertaining to approval, the company had to scrapped the plan.

“We had earlier decided to set up our first plant in Odisha.

But due to the amendments in the land acquisition act, the project could not be taken forward as we were had sought land from the government,” Agarwal.

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NEWS of the Month Koldam gets operational to boost power supply in northern grid Country’s largest power producer NTPC said the four units of Koldam hydro electric power project that will supply electricity to Delhi and Uttar Pradesh, among others, have become commercially operational.

“The Unit-I, II, III and IV of 200 MW each of Koldam hydro electric power project is declared on commercial operation with effect from July 18, 2015,” National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) said in a BSE filing.

With this, the total commercial capacity of the project has become 800 MW and

that of NTPC Group - 43,943 MW, it said.

The Koldam hydro power project is located in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh.

The construction of the project, which started in 2003, was held up because of various environmental and geological issues, leading to a cost overrun of about 20 per cent against the approved investment of Rs 4,527 crore.

It will supply electricity to Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Chandigarh.

Madhya Pradesh to get cheapest solar power in country Madhya Pradesh will get cheapest solar power in the country at the rate of Rs 5.05 per unit on fixed rate for 25 years, a senior Energy Department official said.

“MP Power Management Company has opened the tenders for supply of 300 MW solar power on long term basis recently and has got minimum rate of Rs 5.05 per unit in it,” company’s Managing Director, Sanjay Kumar Shukla, told PTI. “It is lowest rate for supply of solar power till date in the country. At present, the state is getting solar power at the rate of Rs 6.50 to Rs 7 per unit as quoted in previous tenders,” he said.

For supply of 300 MW solar power on long term basis, 100 investors had submitted tenders for generation of 3744 MW solar power.

Shukla apprised that decks have been cleared for supply of 300 MW power at lowest rate in the country for 25 years in the state.

28 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Cabinet approves Rs 8,550 crore power transmission project covering seven states The government approved setting up of an intra-state power transmission system at a cost of Rs 8,550 crore to connect renewable power projects in seven states, including Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

The cabinet committee on economic affairs (CCEA), chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved creation of the power corridor also connecting

He said better atmosphere and transparent process will be made available to investors of solar power generation.

Madhya Pradesh is considered as the best for solar power generation.

The bid of Sky Power South East Asia Holding Ltd, Mauritius was found to be the lowest. Reliance PowerBSE 1.42 %, Adani Power, MK, Welspun, Sun Edison and two public sector companies Madhya Pradesh Power Generating Company and NHDC also participated in the bidding.

Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. “These states are rich in renewable resource potential and large capacity renewable power projects are planned there. Creation of an intrastate transmission system will facilitate evacuation of renewable power from generation stations to load centres,” an official statement said.

The Centre’s National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) will contribute about Rs 3,420 crore, 40 per cent of the total cost of the project, it said.

The project will be funded by loan from KfW covering 40 per cent of the cost and the remaining 20 per cent from state contributions, the statement said. ||www.electricalmirror.in||

O rders & Contracts Hero Future RattanIndia Apna Solar bags deal for Energies secures 5 MW grid connected rooftop solar 38 MW solar power project in Madhya Pradesh RattanIndia Apna Solar on Friday announced signing of power purchase agreement and project implementation agreement with Madhya Pradesh Madhya Kshetra Vidyut Vitran Ltd in Bhopal to develop 5 mw grid connected rooftop solar power project in the state.

The company, part of the RattanIndia Group, won the order through competitive bidding. This is one of the first rooftop solar projects tendered in the country and more such projects are likely to come up soon. The project will be executed on about 75 public buildings in Bhopal, Indore and Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.

“Such initiatives will go a long way to augment the government’s target of installing 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2020. Our company is

fully geared up to contribute to the fast-growing solar power sector in the country,” said Rajiv Rattan, chairman, RattanIndia Group on the signing of the agreement.

RattanIndia Apna Solar has been implementing solar power projects since 2011.

RattanIndia Group promoted by Rajiv Rattan, who co-founded Indiabulls Group in 1999, has interests in financial services, real estate and power generation. In July 2014, the power and infrastructure businesses were split from Indiabulls and rebranded as RattanIndia under the chairmanship of Rajiv Rattan. The group has installed capacity of 1,600 mw which will be ramped up to 2,800 mw by the end of the current financial year.

Bajaj Electricals gets 89 crore order from KPTCL Bajaj Electricals said its engineering and project business unit has won an order from Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation (KPTCL) worth Rs 88.59 crore.

“The engineering and project business unit has bagged an order worth Rs 88.59 crore from Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation (KPTCL),” Bajaj Electricals said in a BSE filing.

The scope of work, the company said, is establishment of 2x100MVA (mega volt amp) 220/66KV and 1x12.5MVA 66/11KV substation at Mittemari in Chikkaballapur district, along with construction of three 220-KV terminal and one 66-KV terminal bays and associated 30 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

220 KV and 66 KV lines.

This also includes supply of all materials and installation including civil works, testing and commissioning.

This also includes supply of all materials and installation including civil works, testing and commissioning.

project from MP government

Hero Future Energies (HFE) said it has bagged a 38 MW solar PV project from the Madhya Pradesh government.

Madhya Pradesh floated a 300 MW solar power bid this year. HFE was selected as the highest successful bidder in results announced today and has been allotted 38 MW, the company said in a statement.

The difference in the tariff quoted by HFE in this bid and the lowest tariff is about Rs 0.59, it added.

“Winning this bid shows our commitment in solar sector. I am happy to announce that HFE has landed the highest winning bid in Madhya Pradesh,” HFE Managing Director Rahul Munjal said.

The company already has rooftop solar projects across multiple states namely Haryana, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra.

“This win will take us closer to our target of becoming one of the leading rooftop players in the country,” Munjal said.

HFE CEO Sunil Jain said, “We continue to show our deep understanding of solar bidding to constantly win projects at viable VGFs and tariffs. We will continue to participate in all future bids including NSM ( National Solar Mission).” ||www.electricalmirror.in||

O rders & Contracts Gamesa secures 10MW contract in India Re-entering the solar business, Spainbased wind turbine manufacturer Gamesa said it has bagged an order to install a 10MW plant in Tamil Nadu.

The company would offer solar based EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) solutions for projects under the solar energy besides expanding inverter business, Gamesa India Chairman and Managing Director Ramesh Kymal said.

“We have harnessed only 3.8 GW of solar power when we actually have tremendous opportunity to harness what is remaining of the 750GW (of solar energy) the country has to offer. We are globally renowned for our expertise and technical prowess in harnessing both sun and wind and hence our foray into solar (energy)”, Kymal said.

Gamesa had first entered solar business in 2005 but later sold the division -Gamesa Solar -- to a private equity firm First Reserve Corporation for a total value of Euro 261 million.

Gamesa Solar had achieved revenues of Euro 200 million and had over 100 employees in 2007.

According to consultancy firm BTM Consult, Gamesa India has 32 per cent market share in wind sector and it has set a target of 1,000MW in fiscal year 2016.

Kymal said.

Gamesa India currently has three facilities in India -- two near Chennai and one in Ahmedabad, Gujarat,

The company secured three transmission line projects together valued at Rs 600 crore with one each in Kenya, Qatar and Cambodia, a company statement issued here stated.

In its railway division, the company has

32 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Capacity to be LNG based combined cycle power project. Project to be developed in phases. Reliance Power also to develop FSRU based LNG terminal in Bangladesh. First company to set up a large scale LNG based power project and FSRU terminal in Bangladesh. Largest foreign investment in Bangladesh with an investment of $ 3 Bn in phases. Reliance to install world class equipment acquired for Samalkot project in Bangladesh. Project under appropriate vedor guarantees.

Gamesa has installed over 1,900MW and services 1,850MW of wind power projects in India.

Kalpataru Power Transmission wins orders worth Rs 1,035 crore Engineering firm Kalpataru Power Transmission (KPTL) said it has bagged contracts worth Rs 1,035 crore in both domestic and international markets.

Reliance Power to develop 3000 MW of power capacity

bagged four contracts, in which KPTL’s share is around Rs 325 crore.

KPTL has also bagged a contract valued at Rs 110 crore from the Power Grid CorporationBSE 0.47 % for 765 kV direct current 86 km Angul-Srikakulam Pooling Station transmission line.

“Our efforts to strengthen and grow railways business has started demonstrating results by securing new order of Rs 325 crore. We continue to build our international presence with additional projects and new geographies,” company’s Managing Director Manish Mohnot said.

Reliance Power and Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop 3,000 MW of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) based combined cycle power project in Bangladesh in phases, along with a Floating Storage and Re-gasification Unit (FSRU) based LNG terminal to supply re-gasified LNG to the power project. The MoU was signed during the visit of Hon’ble Prime Minister of India Shri. Narendra Modi to Dhaka.

The land for the power project shall be provided by BPDB at appropriate locations. The FSRU terminal shall be set up at Maheshkhali Island in Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh. The Project can be set up quickly and can power the country’s rising demand for electricity and will provide clean and green power.

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 33

FOCUS

Testing & Measuring Instruments

Verifying the IEC 61850 Configuration and Assessing the Communication Network during Commissioning Abstract Although IEC 61850 is sometimes just called the â&#x20AC;&#x153;new communication protocol for the substationâ&#x20AC;? it is much more. Besides the fact that it indeed defines a collection of protocols for different purposes (GOOSE, Sampled Values, Client/ Server), there are many more elements which are defined by the standard.

when dealing with IEC 61850 devices and systems.

The SCL as universal data source One important aspect is that the SCL is a perfect basis for testing. The SCL

One of these additional elements is the Substation Fig. 1 The SCL description contains information which actual Configuration Language traffic shall be on the network (SCL) [2]. Its intended purpose was for engineering, especially the vendor independent engineering. contains the communication configuWhile the IEC 61850 community is still ration. While this was still partly incomworking hard to achieve this goal to plete in IEC 61850 Edition 1, this has the full expectations of the customers, been essentially enhanced in Edition the SCL already serves multiple uses 2. For instance, not only the publishing 34 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

side of the GOOSE communication can now be persisted in an SCL file, but also the subscriptions.

From an SCD (Substation configuration description) file, that contains the communication definitions for the whole multiplicity of devices comprising the protection, automation and control (PAC) system, it can be easily derived which GOOSE messages and SV streams that should be present in the power utility communication network if all publishing devices are connected, active, and correctly configured.

It is now possible to sniff this actual traffic from the communication network and to verify if it matches the configuration from the SCL file.

Matches and orphans The criteria for a match are not exactly ||www.electricalmirror.in||

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 35

Guest Article defined by the IEC 61850 standard. It takes some common sense to come to a useful convention.

Identifiers GOOSE messages and Sampled Values streams have multiple “identifiers”, such as control block references (CBRef ), GOOSE ID, SV ID, APPID, multicast MAC addresses.

But when looking at the details of the definitions, e.g. for GOOSE, it becomes obvious that only the GOOSE control block reference is really unique. The other identifiers are not necessarily unique (although partly recommended), so they can beused e.g. for filtering, but not really forunambiguously identifying a GOOSE message.

For a human, these control block references are readable and, if sensibly constructed, give goodinformation about the GOOSE’s origin and use. But technically speaking, these are potentially long strings (of variable length) and thus among the most in effective data structures for performing a comparison.

With the Sampled Values, a different practice has been established: while the control block references are still unique, the mainly used identification field isthe Sampled Value ID (SvID).

Of course, it mustthen be also unique within the scope of the application using the SV streams.

During this verification, multiple results can occur. I fall identifiers match, the verification can be simplychecked as “OK”. If only the “main” (unique) identifier matches but there are differences with others, the device is obviously online andpublishing, but there are configuration issues that have to be resolved.

If an expected GOOSE message / SV stream is not found, it needs to be checked first if the IED is online at all.

The non-matching cases have to be 36 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

worked off until all comparisons show a perfect match.

Observation quantities

of

the

process

The following figure shows a list of IEDs (the SLCfile represents an artificial case from a multi-vendorinteroperability demonstration) and related GOOSEand Sampled Values definitions being parsed into atesting tool.

During commissioning, the case of not having all devices online at the same time is not unusual. So the option of incrementally re-checking the configuration without losing previous results is useful.

Orphans It can also occur that Fig. 2 GOOSE and Sampled Value information parsed from an GOOSEs or SVs show up SCL file for comparison with actual traffic published by the IEDs that have not been defined in the provided SCL file.

Such messages that cannot be related Observation is a live view on the data to a configuration are called orphans. for checkingif the connected, acquired By additionally loading SCL files that and mapped signals areplausible. contain information for individual IEDs Wrong scaling of ratios of instru(typically ICD or IID files) such cases can menttransformers or inverted binary statuses becomevisible at this stage. be resolved as well.

The last resort is manually creating an The time resolution on this function is IED entry to relate the messages to and not suitable toassess the exact timing of to make use of the conveyed data later the signals, but it can wellbe observed if the values change as expected. on.

Mapping and Observation To use the information coded in the messages, they need to be mapped to a “signal” that represents the actual meaning of the information in the electrical power system. For example, binary status information from GOOSE messages may be mapped to binary traces, just as if the information came from a conventional binary input.

The data in Sampled Values packets have to be mapped to voltages and currents to represent their actual meaning.

This step ensures that the values recorded later onare correctly connected and calculated.

Recording and analysis For an in-depth investigation of the signals,especially the timing, recordings have to be madeand analyzed.

To make the acquisition device recording only theevents of interest, flexible and configurable triggerconditions are required. During commissioning, thismight not be much of an issue because the start ofthe test case can be easily detected in most cases. ||www.electricalmirror.in||

My Dad is an IEC 61850 expert

Join Dad at the PAC Wor ld Seminar from July 21-22, 20 15 in New Delh i.

My Dad says that with IEC 61850, protection and communication are increasingly converging also in railway substations. Therefore, his testing and analysis tools must be able to handle the new communication mechanisms and support him in acquiring the necessary knowledge easily. With the following products, OMICRON helps him to do a great job:

Seminar & Registration Information: www.registration123.com/pacworld/ PACWC2015-IN/

The CMC 356 protection test set provides my Dad with all the functions he requires for testing with GOOSE and Sampled Values. With the binary I/O terminal ISIOÂ 200 he puts his I/Os where he needs them. My Dad also relies on IEDScout and SVScout, his universal software tools for examining IEC 61850 devices. With the new hybrid DANEO 400 he finally records and analyzes both conventional signals and IEC 61850 data traffic.

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IEC-61850-ad-for-MESA-ENU.indd 1

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 37 2015-06-30 16:08:10

G uest Article A Sampled Value source (a merging unit) publishes one Sampled Values stream The particular metrics that into the network. can be derived fromrecorded The measurement data and which are useful device captures the for assessingthe communiSampled Values cation network are occupied packets coming bandwidthand propagation from the Sampled delays for Ethernet packets Values source whentraversing through Fig. 3 Observation view with binary trace originatingfrom a GOOSE message before they enter the network. These values the network at arenot calculated from the accurate and no additional time switch S1 and then mapped signals, but fromthe generi- synchronization is required. again when they are broadcasted from cally captured traffic on the EthernetThe figure below shows such a the other switch S2, after traversing network. measurement setup for a minimal through the network. APC connected Propagation delay to switch S1 generates measurements load traffic by â&#x20AC;?pingingâ&#x20AC;? an IED which is connected to From recorded network switch S2.This forces ICMP traffic, the bandwidth messages to be exchanged usage can be displayed, overthe trunk link and showing in detail which therefore interfering with kind of traffic (GOOSE, the Sampled Values. The SV, IP) contributed which ping utility used forgenshare to it. Such an erating this load traffic analysis is valid for a single Fig. 4 Flexible trigger conditions for good discriminationof events to be captured allows specifying the size port and can be easily and the frequency of the in a recording obtained.

ICMP packets.

To measure propagation network with two switches S1 and S2 In the used setup, all Ethernet links, also times, data from at least two different that are connected by a trunk link. the trunk link, operated at 100 Mbit/s. locations need to be captured. The captures need to contain the same Ethernet packets, showing up at the different locations at different times.

When captured, the packets obtain an accurate time stamp. The propagation delay is the difference of the time stamps. When this calculation can be performed for many packets, solid statistics can be evaluated.

But for troubleshooting, the importance of asophisticated trigger condition is much moresignificant.

In a local network, such measurements can be relatively easy performed when it is possible to reach all locations from which traffic is to be captured from one single measurement device. The relative timing of the data packets captured with the device is always

38 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Fig. 5 Possible measurement setup in a LAN

||www.electricalmirror.in||

Fig. 6 Delay time distribution with ICMP packets(size: 500 bytes) as network load

The ICMP packets were be issued at a rate of about 1000 packets per second.

At a packet size of 500 bytes, one ICMPpacket occupies the network for 40 μs and the ping packets utilize 4 % of the total band width.

The next figure shows the delay time distribution of the Sampled Values under the described conditions.

The left two bars, that contain most (96 %) of themeasured packets represent the delay timesbetween 25 μs and 28 μs. This is the time neededfor a packet to traverse the little networkundisturbed. The bars to the right, extending to delay times with a maximum of 66 μs, come from packets that got in conflict with one of the ping packets.

The maximum is exactly 40 μs (theduration of the ICMP packets) higher than the average value for an undisturbed passage. This result matches perfectly the expectations that can derived from the theoretical examination of the situation.

This demonstrates how other traffic can for example influence the transfer times of mission critical information in such networks. On the other hand, the actual performance of a communication network can easily be assessed by looking at the propagation delay distribution for a certain type of traffic.

Outliers at with high propagation times

||www.electricalmirror.in||

are a safe indicator for a problem in the communication network.

Conclusion When commissioning a power utility automation system with IEC 61850, some new testing tasks need to be performed. But with the usage of the configuration information in standardized SCL format and with modern measurement equipment,the verification of the communication setup is even easier to perform as with other protocols.

The proper setup and performance of the power utility communication network itself can be easilyverified by looking at the propagation delay statistics. Possible problems with the network performance would become visible as unexpectedly high propagation delay values.

Bottom line, the described tasks can be performed in much shorter time than formerly needed for doing the corresponding checks with conventionalsignaling and communication technologies, which are now replaced by IEC 61850.

Literature [1] Ingram, D., et. al.: Direct Evaluation ofIEC 61850-9-2 Process Bus NetworkPerformance. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012

[2] IEC 61850-6: Communication Networks andSystems for Power Utility Automation.

Part 6:Configu r a t i o n description language for communication in electrical substations related to IEDs. IEC, 2009 [3] Steinhauser, F.: Measuring the Performance of GOOSE Communication – Assessing IEC 61850 Real Time Messaging, CIGRÉSEAPAC 2011, Sydney

About the Author Dr. Fred Steinhauser was born in Austria.

He studied Electrical E n gi n e e r i n g at the Vienna University of Te c h n o l o g y, where he obtained his diploma in 1986 and received a Dr. of Technical Sciences in 1991. In 1998 he joined OMICRON, where he worked on several aspects of testing power system protection. Since 2000 he works as a product manager with a focus on substation communication issues.

Fred Steinhauser is a representative of OMICRON in the UCA International Users Group. As a member of WG10 and WG17 in the TC57 of the IEC he contributes the standard IEC 61850. He is also a member of SC B5 of CIGRÉ.

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 39

Product Info And the test results in thermography are out.

F

our renowned expert committees - the business consultants Frost & Sullivan, the Fraunhofer Institute and the photovoltaics trade magazines Photon and Photon-International, have

very top in almost all individual disciplines. “Everything fits” was Photon’s judgement of the test winner.

Studies also proved testo SuperReso-

improves the usable geometric resolution of the thermal image by a factor of 1.6 – with four times as many measuring values. Independent experts are convinced by the technology. The renowned Fraunhofer Institute confirms the advantages of testo SuperResolution for typical applications in industry. In the judgement of the American consulting company Frost & Sullivan, the thermal imagers from Testo offer the best price-performance ratio worldwide thanks to this innovation.

Testo 876: for solar engineers: Among other things, “Photon” praises the solar mode, the easy handling and intuitive operation of the thermal imager testo 876.

now confirmed : The thermal imagers testo 885 and testo 876, and the testo SuperResolution technology, are among the best in the world.

The trade magazines Photon and Photon-International comprehensively tested 14 thermal imagers including the model testo 885. The current market overview records almost 100 individual pieces of information per imager, and is of special significance because Photon’s laboratory has for the first time has given ratings. 13 categories were scored with varying weighting. The testo 885 (with the testo SuperResolution option) was at the 40 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

lution improves thermal images by one class.

Increasing demands placed on energy and resource efficiency make the use of thermal imagers worthwhile in more and more areas of contracting and industry. In all applications, the detailed presentation of the thermographically recorded object and the accuracy of the temperature measurement play a crucial role. The testo SuperResolution technology ||www.electricalmirror.in||

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 41

Face to Face

“

“

Green-Watt is recognized as a facilitator cum manufacturer of latest technologies used for the monitoring & testing of our expensive power assets. We believe in being one point solution for all types of electrical testing and measurement equipment needs of Power System

Kunal Sharma - Director - Green-Watt Techno Solutions

Q

Give us a brief about Green-Watt Techno. Share its journey in the industry.

Green-Watt is a group of Technocrats, working diligently to bring world’s best technology at the doorsteps of Indian Customers. We believe in providing unique solutions & backing them with highest level of application & service support (Online & Onsite). Our solutions are economic and come with highest ROI (return on investment) rewards.

“

Q

What are the services you offer in the market?

Green-Watt is recognized as a facilitator cum manufacturer of latest technologies used for the monitoring & testing of our expensive power assets. We believe in being one point solution for all types of electrical testing and measurement equipment needs of Power System. The scope of

Indians are known worldwide for Green-Watt, an honest small thought, germiconverting their adversities into nated few years back their strength & symbolized for was fortunate to be instantly recognized generating best value for money by our esteemed solutions without compromising customers, principles, investors & facilitators. the quality.

We are thankful to all customers for boosting us by a growth of 400% in the recent year irrespective of market our solution covers basic measurement slowdown. of electrical parameters to the complex Recently Green-Watt has expanded testing of transformers, generators, itself by associating with a Corporate CT’s, PT’s, Relays, Meters, Battery’s, Group (30 Million USD annual turnover) Circuit Breakers etc. and is more determined to serve our Green-Watt is also planing to mark its customers from much bigger platform. green foot print in production as well Well-wishers are the key to success & as maintenance of green technologies we are dedicated to serve our relationin coming years. ships in a longer run by our efforts.

“

42 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Q

According to you which of the testing & maintenance segment has the highest potential to grow very rapidly in India?

Test equipments are used to avoid unplanned failures. While on contrary, testing equipments themselves need the shutdown to perform test.

Any technology which is able to reduce the testing downtime is the need of the hour, In that line there is immense opportunity for the products which can monitor the working assets online.

HOTLINE maintenance activities pioneered by AB Chance, USA is also becoming very popular practice for maintenance of Transmission Lines & Substations. In Other words, Time is Money & vice versa.

Q

Give your views about the current technical trends in Indian Testing industry.

ISRO of INDIA launched MANGALYAN in (71 Million USD) against its Counterparts (671 Million USD). This example reassures us about our capability & our country’s need which each one of us shall try to address.

Indians are known worldwide for converting their adversities into the ir strengths & symbolized for generating best value for money solutions without ||www.electricalmirror.in||

compromising with the quality.

In the same way, Indian testing industry & customers are also following world’s best testing practices and expecting best value for money solution from companies like us. Green-Watt being a 100% Indian company is trying to serve similar cause as below. Our efforts are being supported by highly efficient Government Initiatives determined to make INDIA a global manufacturing hub.

1. Latest & Reliable Technology 2. Swift Application & Service Support 3. Best Value for money

Q

Please share any one example to support your “Best Value for Money” Phrase.

Well, we have many examples to share but the most interesting one was to become Sales & Technology partner for Kingsine Electric Automation in India Region. Kingsine Automatic Relay Test Kits are of highest quality with best market rates. Green-Watt is having exceptional support from them. We just followed the below initiatives

in Gurgaon, with all spares in stock.

No Kingsine Relay Test Kit are going out of India for any service issue.

4) Spare Relay Test Units are readily available to support customers in distress.

With above honest initiatives, we have increased the market share of Kingsine Relay Test Kits by many folds and now customers look at GW-Kingsine team as a reliable Automatic Relay test kit provider with the best ROI.

Q

Tell us about some of your major clients and the services you offer them.

We consider ourselves fortunate and submit regards to our esteemed customers who showed confidence in a short time of our establishment. Our Clientele consists of both government and private power customers. Few amongst government customers are PGCIL, STATE ELECTRICITY BOARDS, NTPC, NHPC, NEEPCO, NPCIL etc. We have also served many reputed private power companies like ADANI, Reliance, ABB, L & T, Andritz Hydro, Jindal Saw etc.

MONITOR - PINPOINT

1) Swift application support to customers.

Thermal Imager SATIR, IRELAND 2) Sharing valuable inputs received from Indian power customers with Kingsine Development Team & upgrading the test equipment accordingly.

3) Opening State of Art Service Center Corona Camera OFIL ,Israel

Currently our services are more concentrated on being single point test solution provider for Power Industry, In future we have bright plans to expand ourselves in the field of renewable energy and clean technology.

Q

You are like a one stop solution to the industry.

What has commenced you

You Deserve The Best

to enter in this business?

Being one point solution provider is a bliss for us as it gives us immense opportunities to contact our valuable customers. This also creates the need of constant upgradation of our team’s technical know how. Our team is our strength and consists of engineers with practical knowledge who act as a solution provider to customers.

Q

Share your marketing strategy with us.

We are working towards developing Green-Watt as a popular Brand known for its unique solutions with most professional support system. We also believe that a satisfied customer is the most effective marketing tool.

So our support is our marketing in true sense.

Q - MAINTAIN

Share the future plans of your company with our readers. Where do you foresee your company in near future say after 5 or 6 years?

Green-Watt currently is a company which caters to various clients by supplying them equipments as per their needs. In the next 5 years, we see ourselves manufacturing most of these technologies in house with a strong footprint in Clean Technology. There is immense potential that young minds in this country have and our future plan is to tap on to that potential and grow as a business leader in this area.

R

Transmission Tools

TOLL FREE NO. 180030000902, Email Id: sales@green-watt.co.in, Website: www.green-watt.co.in

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 43

Face to Face

“

“

Prolific enjoys the leadership position in providing Test Laboratories on turn-key basis for testing of Transformer, Motor, Capacitor, Cable & Shunt Reactors

Rajeush Ballamwar - Founder Director - Prolific Systems & Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Q

Brief us about your company and its existence in the industry.

• Transformer Auto Test (for testing of up to 630KVA Transformers, with testing of two transformers at a time )

Prolific has been serving its customers worldwide for last 18 years. It has 3 distinct operational areas.

• Transformer Test Pro Software (for automatic data acquisition from Test Instruments, performs complex calculations and test report generation)

1. Prolific enjoys the leadership position in providing Test Laboratories on turn-key basis for testing of Transformer, Motor, Capacitor, Cable & Shunt Reactors. Prolific’s Intelligent Testing & Reporting laboratories help manufacturers /repairers / user industry for productivity gains, labor cost reductions and ensures their customer delight.

2. Prolific is the largest industrial technology trainer in Asia. Prolific imparts advanced industrial technology training in Electrical, Instrumentation, Automation, Hydraulic, Pneumatic and embedded systems. Prolific also provides training for corporate clients at their premises.

• CT-PT Auto Test (Automatic CT and PT test set up) • Transformer Design Software • Motor Auto Test (Automatic Motor / Pump Test Set up) • Shunt Reactor Test System ( for testing of reactors, including Linearity of the core)

• Cable Dielectric Auto Test • Intelligent Capacitor Reporting system

Testing

&

• Mobile Substation Switchyard Health Reporting System

Q

You are well known for providing testing laboratories. Tell us more about it.

Prolific’s automated Testing laboratories are a comprehensive, stateof-the art, hardware-software suite that includes, 1. LCD based Test bench – to control & monitor all testing equipments like Voltage regulator, MG Set, HV Tester, Circuit breakers etc.

3. Prolific undertakes EPC contracts on turn-key basis for Elect, Instrumentation, Automation & IT.

Q

What are the products you offer in the market?

• Intelligent Transformer Testing & Reporting Laboratory (For All Ranges And Types Of Transformer )

44 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

||www.electricalmirror.in||

Myriad Industrial Solutions One stop solution provider for Electrical Test & Measuring Instruments, Reference Class Instruments, Substation Test and Condition Monitoring Equipment, Overhead line and underground cable test equipment, Electrical Safety tools and accessories, Energy Meter test equipment, Power Quality Analyzing Instruments

Telescopic Hot Stick

Three Phase Phantom Load Kit / Waveform Generator

Reference Standard Meters 0.05/ 0.02 class

AC/DC Leakage, Load current Measurement solutions

Portable Earthing

Line/ Substation Maintenance Equipment

Thermal imaging camera

Portable Reference Standard Meter ( 0.1 Class)

Solutions for Lab./ Field calibration of Energy meters

Voltage Detector

Solutions for Thermal Solutions for Electrical Imaging Safety

Portable Circuit Breaker Analyzer + Dynamic Contact Measurement Three Phase Relay Test Set

Single Phase Relay Test Set

Solutions for Protection relay testing / 61850 Based Relay Testing

Power Quality Analyzer-Class A

ALCL 40- LCM for Surge Arresters

Diagnostics and Condition Monitoring system for Electrical Equipment

For Commercial Enquiries and Dealership Enquiries From Unrepresented Areas.

Contact: +91-8454940731 +91-9869260731

||www.electricalmirror.in||

MYRIAD INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS A-401, Vini Garden, Mandapeshwar Road, Dahisar, West Mumbai, Maharashtra, India-400068 Email: mail@myriadindustrialsolutions.co.in Web: www.myriadindustrialsolutions.co.in

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 45

Face to Face 2. Power Panel – to housed contactors, circuit breakers, etc.

3.

Testing instruments like Power analyzer, Ratio meter, Winding Resistance meter, Insulation Resistance Meter, PD Meter, RPM Meter, and Torque Transducers etc.

4.

Testing equipments like MG Set, HV tester, CTs, PTs, Static frequency converter, Capacitor Bank, Voltage regulator, Booster Transformer, Automatic Motor Locking Mechanism, Barcode Printer and Scanner, Variable Frequency Drive, Dynamometer etc.

5. Transformer Test Pro / Motor Test Pro Software which is used to capture online data from the testing instruments and generate instant error free online test reports.

6. Low voltage tests trolley for testing of Transformers to conduct Voltage ratio, Winding Resistance test, Insulation Test, Vector test and Magnetic balance test automatically in a single click.

7.

Control & Power Cables, Trays, busbars.

8.

Installation & commissioning of complete Testing lab.

Q

Give us a brief about the turnkey solutions you provide.

Our turnkey solution includes conceptualization, detail engineering, supply, software development, integration of control system with panel and software, Installation, commissioning and Training. Prolific provides 24X7 after sales support.

Q

What is the current situation of the market and what are the major

46 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

challenges?

The Rs. 55bn Indian transformer industry will benefit from the good demand from state electricity board and PGCIL. Already Indian transformer manufacturers are exporting around 15% of overall manufacturing. Already Chinese manufacturers have entered into Indian market with manufacturing here. Many electricity boards are likely to mandate installation of transformer for each and every building of a particular size. As manufacturing industry is poised for the growth in India, it faces the challenge of retaining the skilled manpower for functions viz., design, operations and testing.

Managements all over the world look to standardize the operations, systemize the processes and look to automate the functions so that dependence on highly volatile job market is reduced substantially.

Prolific’s Automated & Comprehensive test laboratories come as a “need of the hour” for manufacturers, repairers and utility companies.

Q

What kind of opportunities you are expecting from the future for your business?

Prolific’s proven Test Lab solutions have reached the 7 continents of the globe.

With the pressure on utility companies to reduce down-time of the distribution network, Utility companies are increasingly buying test laboratories to ensure better services to its customers.

There has been a great opportunity for the repair industry, as large chunk of installations of Transformers / Motors is more than a

decade old installation. The companies that have large equipment base in use, viz refineries are looking forward to installing test laboratories for Transformers & Motors. India being one of the global bases for IT industry, the world is looking forward to automate the process of testing and report generation where Prolific’s Test Pro software has the unbeatable features and user-quotient.

Q

Share the long term goals and plans of your company with our readers.

Prolific, a leader in Indian Industry for providing test labs, aims to replicate the story in the overseas market.

Development of Transformer Design Software that currently works for up to 5MVA / 36KV is a step towards meeting the requirement of the industry under one roof . With just single entry for rating (KVA / MVA), user can look forward to the complete design of Winding, Core, Tank. It gives bill of materials with cost in currency of user country. It has facility to print drawings viz., general arrangement, winding, tanks etc.

||www.electricalmirror.in||

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 47

C ompany Profile ISA Advance Instruments (I) Pvt. Ltd. Provides Excellent and Leading Edge Technology have been designed to be used in severe environmental conditions such as high voltage substations and heavy industry plants. ISA maintains global operations with support resources and sales representatives in more than 100 countries.

ISA is glad to present a smart, new and breakthrough technologically advanced test system STS 5000, especially designed to test all current, voltage and power transformers.

STS 5000 becomes an excellent and accurate Capacitance/Tan Delta measurement test set with TD 5000 module. STS 5000 & TD 5000 is the best tool for commissioning and maintaining activities in MV and HV substations. STS 5000 & TD 5000 main features are:

• Power dissipation factor test with the optional module TD 5000 (voltage up to 12 kV) • 2000 V AC high-pot test • Large graphic display • Advanced Test & Data Management Software for test set control, results storage and analysis • USB interface and Ethernet interface for PC connection • Compact and lightweight

ISA has been specialising in electrical test equipment for the power industry for more than 75 years and its aim has always been clear since ever: providing excellent and leading edge technology • Fully automatic to its customers and satisfy them with • Primary injection testing capabilinnovative and reliable products. ities: up to 800 A or up to 3000 A, All ISA Test Instruments have three with the optional module BUX 3000 characteristics, recognised world-wide: Innovative • Rugged • User friendly All • Variable output frequency: 15 - 500 Hz ISA test and measurement systems

MONITOR

-

PINPOINT

-

MAINTAIN

Thermal Imager SATIR, IRELAND

Corona Camera OFIL ,Israel

You Deserve The Best

R

Transmission Tools

TOLL FREE NO. 180030000902, Email Id: sales@green-watt.co.in, Website: www.green-watt.co.in 48 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

||www.electricalmirror.in||

STS 5000 & TD 5000

CT, VT, Power Transformers test system with Capacitance and Tan Delta diagnostic module . Fully automaƟc . 2000 V AC high-pot test . Large graphic display . Variable output frequency: 15 - 500 Hz . PADS SoŌware for automaƟc tesƟng, assessment and report . Primary injecƟon tesƟng capabiliƟes: up to 800 A or up to 3000 A, with the opƟonal module BUX 3000 . IEC 61850-9-2 communicaƟon protocol . Patented technology for Capacitance and Tan Delta Measurement

TDMS

ISA ADVANCE INSTRUMENTS (I) Pvt. Ltd. C-33, Ground Floor, Sector-2, NOIDA-201 301, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA Phone +91120 4543853 / 54 / 4222712 Fax +91120 4574772 Email info.asia@isatest.com ||www.electricalmirror.in||

www.isatest.com ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 49

Company Profile Deif India Pvt. Ltd.

Guarantees Continuous flow of power with highly dependable solutions

D

EIF’s critical power business offers end to end power control solutions to customers searching for a single all-inclusive answer to their power needs. An 80 years old history of leading technology and years of research and development allows DEIF to create specialized products for key markets and industries.

DEIF is a company with global reach and local touch. Customers now have one place to look for their total power control solution needs – DEIF. Advanced technologiescombined with customer centric focus secures generator and grid protection, reliable efficient power to maintain uptime,lowering operating costs through fuel optimisation, for all sectors especially so for healthcare, datacentres, telecommunications, industrial applications and television & radio broadcast systems. DEIF’s critical power products offer complete and dependable engineered solutions for mission critical processes.

DEIF stands by you throughout the lifetime of the system from design and installation to global after sales servicesthat are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. We have the right processes and procedures in place so that you comply with the regulations and benefit from our energy saving technologies.

For critical applications, power outage is simply not an option. To provide continuous availability of power, you need DEIF who has the proven technical expertise and problem solving capabilities. A single solution for mission critical power needs, DEIF guarantees continuous flow of power with highly dependable solutions.

Critical power applications • Datacentres & Telecommunication IT today is not just a back office 50 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

function anymore; it is mission critical to our customers. Credit card that an end-user might have in his pocket would stop functioning, an airline will not be able to take any flights and a software service company would stop running; because they are dependent on computers. Datacentres are critical to many companies and downtime can cost millions of dollars through data loss and dissatisfied clients, resulting in lost business.

DEIF product’s hot standby and redundancy features help the customers to solve their power challenges by keeping electricity flowing at mission critical datacentres so that customers serve their clients, solve problems and access data without any interruption.

• Healthcare Access to power is a matter of life and death in any hospital.

If power is lost in a hospital, quick backup power is essential to maintain life safety equipment or else it could cost a life. DEIF is in line with global standards, according to which it is important for hospitals to restore power through emergency power suppliesin less than 10 seconds. Installing DEIF solutions will giveyou peace of mind and keep you assured that the patient laying on bed is safe as DEIF’s critical power control solution will come to therescue.

• Industry DEIF delivers extensive product and service solutions to meet your unique industry challenges. Manufacturing facilities have a high continuous energy demand created by their production processes. Whether it’s chemical, pharmaceutical, glass making, metallurgy or automated production lines or any other manufacturing

processes, DEIF has designed, installed and serviced critical power control solutions that keep industrial operations powered and productive.

DEIF’s answer to critical power DEIF offers products with wide range of features that give you plenty to play with.

• Hot Standby– Change to backup genset controller on the fly • Close Before Excitation– Fast online energy backupby closing generator’s breakers before activating the alternator excitation system • Digital AVR Communication– Dynamic response • Redundancy– Increased performance through dual CAN lines, analogue & droop

• Multiple Master– Extra security with master backup • DEIF Emulation– Safe & complete solution testfor fast onsite installation and commissioning • Remote HMI Interface– To optimise daily operations of widely scattered generators • Lifetime Event Log– For close analysis and monitoring For more information, please feel free to write us at india@deif.comor contact DEIF India Pvt. Ltd. on (+91) 22 4245 2000. ||www.electricalmirror.in||

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 51

P roduct Info

PRECISION RECEIVES A NEW FACE ZERAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S COMPARATOR COM 5003

T

he demands on the accuracy of laboratory measuring systems are rising. Accredited laboratories and metrological institutes expect higher and higher precision when measuring current, voltage and power as well as more functionality and performance from measuring systems.

With the comparator COM5003, ZERA meets three demands from their business sector simultaneously. Highest accuracy when measuring energy up to 50ppm, expanded measuring functions and innovative technology with real-time performance.

ZERA GmbH is a worldwide producer of testing technology that delivers reproducible testing results of highest accuracy. With the COM5003, ZERA introduces the fourth generation of its Primary and transfer standards and thus sets the benchmark in terms of accuracy and functionality in measuring technology.

National and regional metrological laboratories usually use comparators as primary standards for calibrating measuring systems. Accredited laboratories utilize them as transfer standards for regular verification and traceability of portable, as well as stationary meter test systems. For all of them, the highest accuracy, precision and stability are the decisive factors.

Demands on the employed measuring

technology continue to rise. While the first primary standards were at an accuracy of 200ppm in the 1970s, the 52 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

new COM5003 makes energy measurements possible at an accuracy of 50ppm.Due to the rise in Alternative energy sources (solar energy, wind and hydropower), measuring power and energy is becoming more complex and requires more extensive testing.

Additionally, measuring alternating energy low directions is gaining more importance. The COM5003 is capable of making highly accurate energy comparison measurements with alternating energy low directions.

Highest accuracy: 0.005 is the standard.

For laboratories and producers of testing equipment, accuracy in measuring is of the utmost importance.

Convincing over all results can only be achieved with precise measurements as well as stable and reliable measured values. With the COM5003, ZERA offers a precision measuring system that, with an accuracy of 0.005% in power and energy measurements, constitutes an absolute exception. In terms of reliability and stability, the COM5003 benefits from the rich experience gained over 90 years in testing technology.

A change in direction: One step ahead.

In the course of introducing alternative energy sources, measurements with alternating energy low directions are becoming increasingly important. Up to now, energy comparison measurements with alternating energy directions were not possible. The COM5003 closes this gap and delivers highly accurate results during energy comparison measurements of alternating energy low directions.

The COM5003 with real-time performance Presentation of actual values, vector diagrams, curve forms, harmonics display, reference measurements or

error values are some of the many functions with which to carry out measurements adequately. Energy

The Comparator can be operated externally and can transfer measured values to external media

measurements With the COM5003 are now possible in a maximum of four measuring modes Simultaneously.

Error measurements can be executed with up to four test pulses. A higher level of dynamics and accuracy is achieved in measurements by being able to choose the current and voltage ranges individually per phase.

A side from all technological innovations, the Linux operating system offers an open system structure, larger flexibility and thus more possibilities to react faster to the changing needs of clients.

Additional special features: All data and measurements are manage able on the graphic use rinterface via touch screen. In addition, the comparator can be operated externally and can transfer measured values to external media, such as tablet or flash drive.

The new era has already begun.

With this new comparator, ZERA has set standardsin terms of accuracy, functionality and user friendliness.

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 53

Product Info Testo Thermography for Preventive Maintenance Detect anomalies promptly, carry out inspections more efficiently, increase system availability.

Use Testo Thermography.

I

n the global competition for market shares, companies depend on efficient manufacturing processes and machines that run reliably. Service engineers play a key role in this: They bear the responsibility for ensuring the permanent availability of production facilities. To them, thermography is a valuable diagnostic tool.

Problems with electrical and mechanical

Maintenance was previously considered to be purely a tool for rectifying faults. These days, it is seen as a preventive maintenance service which ensures the permanent availability of production facilities and plays a vital role in the competitiveness of industrial companies. Every day, specialist personnel are at the forefront of the struggle to minimise downtimes, prevent damage to mechanical and electrical components, fully exploit

the plant shutting down. One out of three fires in industrial companies can be attributed to electrical components overheating, with minor defects such as loose terminals or damaged cables often the cause. Fault-free plant status also guarantees safety in the workplace. There is additional pressure from national and international legislation, as well as the standards of employers’ liability insurance associations or trade associations. These are all in place for your own safety, since work-related accidents are more likely to occur in maintenance than in production, despite the lower number of employees. Lastly, all inspections need to be documented, and your supervisor expects a complete, technically accurate report. Thermography is a safe, efficient and simple measuring technique for these typical industrial tasks.

The solution:

Image 1: Testo Thermal Imager 870

installations usually become evident at an early stage due to thermal irregularities. Thermal imagers visualise status changes and weak spots – and they do this in a non-contact, non-destructive manner. The next few pages outline how thermal imagers from Testo can help you to perform typical preventive maintenance tasks more reliably, easily and safely.

The challenge: 54 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

the level of equipment utilisation, and as a result also reduce maintenance costs. Since production usually focuses on a small number of machines or automated systems, when these are shut down this often has far-reaching consequences: one leaky valve can spoil the entire batch, a machine fire could end up jeopardising your company’s million Rupees contract, Large-scale damage may result in

Thermal imagers convert thermal radiation in the infrared range into electrical signals and make them visible. This extension of the range and function of human vision by means of the thermal image is akin to a sixth sense, which service engineers can use to detect concealed defects and anomalies before they turn into proper malfunctions and endanger system availability.

Versatile and flexible In electrical installations, thermographic measurement methods are possible at all voltage levels. This means that entire switch cabinets, not to mention medium, high and ultra-high voltage installations, can be inspected efficiently and in compliance with the necessary safety clearance. Carrying out thermographic inspection for just a second time reduces a system’s ||www.electricalmirror.in||

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 55

Product Info rate of failure by 80 % and provides an added safeguard against fire. Even before damage occurs, the thermal image provides information about the operating status of mechanical assemblies. Motors, gears, couplings or bearings can be examined individually or as a functional unit. Thermal imagers can be used for precise temperature measurements even on complex aggregates, containers for liquids and gases, turbines or filters. You can use thermography to inspect insulation, and also to detect internal deposits in pipelines and containers.

Safe and non-contact A thermal imager can be used to

examine live components or moving parts from a safe distance. This means that thermography can be used to monitor even difficult‑to‑access areas safely and accurately. This increases occupational safety and allows inspections which were previously only possible through investing consid56 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

erable effort – by shutting down machines or disconnecting electrical installations. The examination also reveals the thermal behaviour under full load. Problematic areas are clearly indicated on a display. This allows the on-site service engineer to detect and eliminate sources of error at the very moment that these crop up. Using a pyrometer could cause the service engineer to miss these crucial details. In addition, thermograms facilitate clear error documentation and long-term time series comparison of system status. The software can be used to analyse the images quickly and easily, and summarise all work in a report. This reduces tedious paperwork.

Place your trust in the global market leader Testo India is a 100% subsidiary of Testo AG, one of the world’s leading manufacturers of portable, innovative measuring instruments and thermal imagers. With an infrared resolution of 320 × 240 pixels with Super Resolution

technology, the testo 870 thermal imager offers best-in-class thermography even at an entry level . Testo SuperResolution improves the quality of each recorded infrared image, making it a cut above the rest: the patented technology produces four times as many readings and a usable geometric resolution that is 1.6 times higher. It is a focus free imager which is as simple as an IR thermometer. Just beam at the object and shoot. A larger horizontal display size of screen of 3.5” makes it very easy for the user to see and analyze the image. Its integrated digital camera offers a high resolution digital image of 3.1 MP to help the user detect your actual point of problem

and eliminate it. With a wider angle lens you can cover larger area / objects from a shorter distance. The lens selected is so apt that it gives you the required information without losing the smallest data.

Email : info@testoindia.com, Web : www.testo.in

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The Motwane manufacturing company pvt. ltd.

Renowned name in the field of Test and Measurement

M

otwane is a renowned name in the field of Test and Measurement, the company has came up with many different Test and Measurement products, catering to different applications. One of them is clamp meter which is a multimeter with clamp type current measuring facility.

Motwane’s wide range of clamp meter includes AC and AC/ DC clamp meter from 30mA to 2000A, for multiple applications.

We do not stop here!!!

We gauge electricians and industry needs for diversified measurement features in clamp meter like temperature measurement, voltage detector etc.

Continuing to the legacy of company we are please to introduce all new addition to Motwane’s high precision clamp meter family - Three new models DCM 23A, DCM 33A, DCM 45A. All meters are fully loaded with new measurement attributes. The new Range of clamp meters offers unique features like Non-contact voltage detection, Te m p e r a t u re measurement with wider current measuring range from 400A to

1000A.

Economical DCM 23A with temper-

ature measurement and 400A AC clamp meter shall cater needs of service industry like HVAC, Electrical Contractors etc. Industrial grade DCM 33A measures 1000A AC current in average category suitable for OEMs, Medium scale industries, Utilities for general testing needs. Multi-featured TRMS DCM 45A with non contact voltage detector and temperature measurement is made for wide applications to serve Heavy Industries-Steel, Cement, Process, Railways, Oil & Gas, Utilities etc. These Clamp meters are packed with the same reliability of Motwane’s earlier products to ensure our customer experiences and trust remains. So ready for measurement; visit our nearest dealer to get more information. You can also enquire on our website- www.motwane.com. Or Mail us to sales@motwane.com

Contact Resistance Meters by Motwane PCRM200S The Motwane make New Contact Resistance Meter (Model: PCRM-200S) is a digital micro-ohmmeter, specially designed to measure extremely low resistances in micro ohm. The Instrument is based on Kelvin 4- wire connection method for measurement of low resistance. Selectable test current of 100A DC & 200A DC. Test information like current injected with measured resistance & voltage drop is displayed with real time data on large LCD with backlit.

This User friendly Instrument and its accessories are housed in easy transportation case.

Advanced Windows based software is provided for data downloading, ||www.electricalmirror.in||

analysis and report generation. Internal memory of 99 records is provided for onsite data storage. Thermal printer is the additional feature provided to print the test results.

You can also enquire on our website- www. motwane.com.

Or Mail us to sales@ motwane.com Transformer Ratio Meter:

Turns

XTRM3: T h e Motwane make New Transformer turns ratio meter XTRM-3 is a new generation, fully automatic transformer turns ratio testers. It measures the transformation ratio of single phase and three phase

transformers using modern electronic techniques. It is micro controller operated user friendly and reliable tester.

Operator has facility to enter test parameters and XTRM-3 takes over, applies the test voltage, balances the bridge, takes the readings, and displays the results on the LCD screen. The results can be printed on built-in printer after the test is over. The windows based software is provided for easy operations of the Turn Ratio Meter via USB communication port. The XTRM-3 is a single unit design, encased in a hard industrial cabinet, lightweight (only 10 kg), for easy portability.

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 57

Product Info ENVIRONMENT CHECKING INSTRUMEN FOR USE AT PROCESS PLANT Shri Premchand Goliya (C.M.D.) Meco Instruments Pvt. Ltd.

T

echnology is changing every moment, in the electronic field and new solutions are developed in the measuring instruments field due to application of advanced micro circuits and software solutions. MECO’s in house R & D is continuously developing solution for easier, efficient, reliable and accurate measurement at affordable cost with this in mind, MECO’s priority areas to focus now are : Such as Infrared Temperature Meter, Digital Sound Level Meter, Digital Lux Meter, Air Flow Anemometer, Humidity & Temperature Meter.

Environment ments:

Testing

Instru-

Our new Environment testing series includes Infrared Thermometers - Gun Type.

Infrared Thermometers are used to measure the amount of heat present in the measuring object from a distance.

Infrared Thermometers are available in three models.

IRT380P: Temperature ranges from -50°C to 380°C with the accuracy of ± 1.5°C and emissivity 0.95. Temperature can be measured with the Distance to Spot ratio of 12:1. It has seven special functions namely Max function, Min function, °C/°F Selection, Laser Switch, Auto Power Off, Low Battery Indication

58 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

and Backlight Display.

IRT550P: This model has same functions as IRT380P except Temperature range of this model is -50°C to 550°C. IRT1050P: Temperature ranges from -50°C to 1050°C with the accuracy of ± 1.5°C and emissivity 0.10 – 1.00 (Adjustable). Temperature can be measured with the Distance to Spot ratio of 50:1. It has Four additional special functions as compared to Model IRT380P & IRT550P namely DIF Function, AVG Function, Data Storage and High / Low Temp. Alarm Setting Function.

There are four models in Environment Testing Instruments (Mini Series) listed below: Digital Sound Level Meter (970P): This meter is used to measure noise level from range 35dB to 130dB (31.5Hz – 8KHz) with special functions Max, Min, Hold and Auto Power Off. Digital LUX Meter (930P): LUX Meter is used for measuring luminance and the intensity of light with user selectable units of lux and fc from range 0 – 200,000 lux and 0 – 20,000 fc with the special functions Max, Min, Backlight and Auto Power Off. Air Flow Anemometer (961P): This meter is used for measuring wind

velocity / air flow from range 1 – 25m/s and temperature from range 0 – 50°C with the functions m/Sec, Ft/min, Knots, Km/h, MPH, CFM, Max, Min, Hold, and Auto Power Off. Humidity & Temperature Meter (920P): Humidity & Temperature meter is used to measure moisture content in the environmental air from range 0 % 100% RH and Temperature from range -20°C – 80°C with the functions °C / °F / RH Selection, Max, Min and Auto Power Off. MECO will be developing High End Solar Panel Testing Meters.

Our target is to increase our market share & sales by 25% - 30% every year.

Major challenge that our organization and this sector is facing is competition and over capacity. In the next five years we want to make competitive product for global requirement.

It takes long time in visualizing a product and starting R & D, deciding on hardware and developing software, testing pilot run and then testing & certifying in Govt. Lab, and rectifying the findings, and complete the product, take about two years, then field run for One year.

The challenge is to retain the Design Engineering Team so long,

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Klauke – K‐Series - Hand Hydraulic Tools of Excellence New Series of High Precision Hand Hydraulic Tools for “Zero Defect” Crimping and Cutting Applications

A

smart choice for Power Utilities, electrical contractors, panel builders & industrial customers for the precision cutting (Cu, Al, ACSR conductors up to 85 mm diameter) and crimping & termination solution with German hydraulic system & German dies for hexagonal, Oval & indent Crimping for copper and Aluminum conductor up to 400 sq mm. Separate Dies for Copper & Aluminum Conductor. Perfect Crimping/Termination requires precision Lugs. Klauke offer complete solution of Copper, Aluminum & Bimetallic lugs as per IEC, UL, DIN, GL, Rohs Standards from 0.25mm up to 1000 sq.mm.

K – Series Tool Product Features • Zero defect crimping with Auto Stop Feature.

• 60 KN Tool for Crimping up to 240 sq.mm • 120 KN Tool for Crimping up to 400 sq.mm • Separate Cutting Tool for cutting 45 mm diameter & 85 mm diameter conductor.

• Safety, Manual retraction mechanism –easy to operate • German tools & German Dies Value for money.

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 59

Product Info

Megger’s State of the Art Partial

Discharge Measurement Technology HV DAC (Damped AC Voltage) test set upto 270 kV

H

V DAC is a DAC (Damped AC Voltage) test set. The test set can be used for acceptance testing in compliance with IEC 60840 standard. Moreover, the unit can be used for condition analysis of aged cable circuits. The main use of the DAC test set is to identify, evaluate, and locate partial discharge (PD) faults in cable insulation and accessories in all types of high voltage power cables. PD faults is an indication of incipient faults in the insulation and is therefore widely regarded as one of the best ‘early warning’ indicators of the deterioration of medium and high voltage insulation.

The HV unit contains a HV source and a resonance inductor with an integrated electronic switch to generate damped AC test voltage. The

60 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

HV DAC is compact and transportable and is capable to set-up on difficult to reach switchgears/ substations. The HV divider and the coupling capacitor are integrated in a separate unit together with the embedded controller for the digital data acquisition and PD signal processing. HV DAC series offers high testable capacity of 8μF allowing testing of long cables.

The storage, analysis and evaluation of the PD signals takes place in the notebook and can be done either on site or in the office. The PD fault location is based on the time domain reflection method. For the PD diagnosis the test object is charged to the preselected peak value by a HV source within a couple of seconds and afterwards shorted with an electronic 150kV, 200

kV and 270 kV switch via a resonance coil. Thus a sinusoidal damping AC voltage with low damping is created (DAC). Depending on the capacitance of the test object the AC frequency varies in the range from tens to hundreds of Hz.HVDAC series delivers state of the art PD measurement technology: live evaluation, localization and display of results.

211 Crystal Paradise Mall, Off Veera Desai Road, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 053, India.

T +9122 26740468 F +91 22 26740465, E india.sales@ megger.com

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FLIR’s New Flexible Coil Clamp Meters Enable Easier Inspection and Navigation

W

ILSONVILLE, OR – June 15, 2015 – FLIR Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ : FLIR) announcedthe new CM55/57 Flexible Clamp Metersand the TA72/74 Universal Flex Current Probe Accessories designed for electrical applications.Made with narrow, flexible coil clamps, these new tools allow electricians to take accurate measurements in tight, awkward spots that are difficult to access with a traditional hard-jaw clamp meter.

The CM55/57 Flexible Clamp Meters and TA72/74 Universal Flex Current Probe Accessories can easily snake around obstacles to achieve the most accurate measurements and readings, adding up to 3000A AC current for multiple

General Manager of FLIR’s Instruments segment.“Those who already own a clamp meter but want the same flexibility of the CM55 or CM57 can pair most DMMs and clamp meters with a TA72 or TA74 probe accessory for easy inspection and navigation.”

The CM55/57 clamp meters feature Bluetooth® communication for remote viewing and data transfer to iOS® and Android™ devices via the FLIR Tools mobile app, so data can be quickly shared and analyzed directly from a jobsite.

Users can even connect multiple units wirelessly for remote viewing of multiphase systems. The TA72 and TA74 probe accessories are equipped with a standard banana plug and voltage signal output, making them compatible with DMMs and clamp meters of any brand.

For more information about the flexible clamp meters and accessories, please visit: www.flir.com.hk/flex.

conductor measurements. Both products are available in 10” flexible coil lengths for easy maneuverability and compact convenience, or 18” flexible coil lengths for larger and multiple conductor measurements, double-wrap requirements, and deeper access. Portable, lightweight, and ruggedly built to withstand a 3 meter drop, the CM55/57 and TA72/74 also provide bright, dual LED work lights for illumination when taking readings in poorly lit locations and in deep, crowded cabinets.

“FLIR’s new flexible clamp meters were designed to add safety and convenience to electrical inspections, making it easier to take measurements around multiple conductors, crowded panels, tight switch gears, large bus bars, and wire bundles,” said Rickard Lindvall, Vice Presidentand

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 61

FOCUS

Wires & Cables

Unearthed Cables v/s Earthed Cables

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n HT electrical distribution, the system can be earthed or unearthed.

The selection of earthed/unearthed cable will depend on system. If distribution system is earthed then we have to use cable which is manufactured for earthed system. (Which the manufacturer specifies). If the system is unearthed then we need to use cable which is manufactured for unearthed system. The unearthed system requires high insulation level compared to earthed System.

For earthed and unearthed XLPE cables, the IS 7098 part2 1985 does not give any difference in specification. The insulation level for cable for unearthed system has to be more.

Earthed System: • Earlier the generators and transformers were of small capacities and hence the fault current was less. The star point was solidly grounded. This 62 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

• Today generators of 500MVA capacities are used and therefore the fault • In Three phases earthed system, level has increased. In case of an phase to earth voltage is 1.732 times earth fault, heavy current flows into less than phase to phase voltage. the fault and this lead to damage Therefore voltage stress on cable of generators and transformers. To to armor is 1.732 times less than reduce the fault current, the star voltage stress between conductors point is connected to earth through to conductor. a resistance.

• In an earthed cable, the three phase • If an earth fault occurs on one phase, of cable are earthed to a ground. the voltage of the faulty phase with Each of the phases of system is respect to earth appears across the grounded to earth. Examples are resistance. Therefore, the voltage of 1.9/3.3 KV, 3.8/6.6 KV system the other two healthy phases with is called earthed system.

respect to earth rises by 1.7 times.

• Where in unearthed system, (if If the insulation of these phases is system neutral is not grounded) not designed for these increased phase to ground voltage can be voltages, they may develop earth equal to phase to phase voltage. fault. This is called unearthed In such case the insulation level of system. conductor to armor should be equal to insulation level of conductor to • In an unearth system, the phases conductor. are not grounded to earth .As a result of which there are chances of Unearthed System: getting shock by personnel who are ||www.electricalmirror.in||

R

PRODUCT RANGE

AN ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004 & CE CERTIFIED & ROHS COMPLIANT

HEATFLEX CABLES PRIVATE LIMITED Regd. Office: SK-42, Sindhora Kalan, Delhi-110052 Phone: 011-23645428, Fax: 011-23643428 E-mail: heatflexcables@ymail.com, sales@uniquecables.co.in Website: www.uniquecables.co.in

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Works: H-1464, DSIIDC Narela Industrial Area, Delhi-110040 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

63

Focus - Wires & Cables operating it. Examples are 6.6/6.6 KV, 3.3/3.3 KV system.

• Unearthed cable has more insulation strength as compared to earthed cable. When fault occur

phase to ground voltage is √3 time the normal phase to ground voltage. So if we used earthed cable in unearthed System, It may be chances of insulation puncture. So unearthed cable are used. Such type of cable is used in 6.6 KV systems where resistance type earthing is used.

Nomenclature: • In simple logic the 11 KV earthed cable is suitable for use in 6.6 KV unearthed system. The process of manufacture of cable is same. The size of cable will depend on current rating and voltage level.

• Unearthed system has insulation grade of KV / KV. • For Unearthed System 3.3/3.3 kV and 11/11 kV.

(Uo/U):

• 3 phase 3 wire system has normally Unearthed grade cables and 3 phase 4 wire systems can be used earthed grade cables, insulation used is less, and cost is less.

Thumb Rule: • As a thumb rule we can say that 6.6KV unearthed cable is equal to 11kv earthed cable i.e. 6.6/6.6kv Unearthed cable can be used for 6.6/11kv earthed system. because each core of cable have the insulation level to withstand 6.6kv so between core to core insulation

level will be 6.6kv+6.6kv = 11kv • For transmission of HT, earthed cable will be more economical due to low cost where as unearthed cables are not economical but insulation will be good.

• Generally 6.6 kV and 11kV systems are earthed through a neutral grounding resistor and the shield and armor are also earthed, especially in industrial power distribution applications.

Such a case is similar to an unearthed application but with earthed shield (some times called solid bonding). In such cases, unearthed cables may be used so that the core insulation will have enough strength but current rating is de-rated to the value of earthed cables. But it is always better to mention the type of system earthing in the cable specification when ordering the cables so that the cable manufacturer will take care of insulation strength and de-rating. Also it is better to use the cables for the type of system earthing they are meant for.

• Voltage Grade (Uo/U) where Uo is Phase to Earth Voltage & U is Phase to Phase Voltage.

• Earthed system has insulation grade of KV / 0.686 x KV. • For Earthed System (Uo/U): 1.9/3.3 kV, 3.8/6.6 kV, 6.35/11 kV, 12.7/22 kV and 19/33 kV.

64 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 65

Face to Face

“

“

A product of superior raw materials and stringent quality checks, Braco cable glands and terminals provides hassle-free solutions for a safe network in any premises

Suniil Giasotta - CEO - Braco Electricals [India] Pvt. Ltd.

Q

Give us a brief about the sucessful journey of Braco Electricals in industry.

Share the presence of Braco in Cable gland industry.

Braco Electricals (India) Pvt Ltd was established in 1977 by visionary electrical engineer Mr Ramesh Sobhani. It was his vision that has today shaped into a company that is renowned for its quality, consistency and trust. All these elements are found in every Braco product and the company shares its vision for the future in a brief rendezvous. Cable glands and terminals play a key role in any secured electrical grid, are extensively used in control panels, switchgear, transformers, circuit breakers and other applications in the field of power supply and distribution. A product of superior raw materials and stringent quality checks, Braco cable glands and terminals provides hassle-free solutions for a safe network in any premises.

Q

Tell us about your upcoming projects.

“Our upcoming projects are an opportunity for us to shape the future for our company and for the industry.

All our upcoming projects are based on company’s nucleus philosophy,” informs Mr Sobhani. Automation is the most crucial factor in this vision. To be in sync with the future has always been a priority at Braco. “Hence we are

66 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

looking forward on manufacturing all our terminal products on completely automatic machines. Also, we aim to add impressive figures to our balance sheets by adding new products for connecting purpose, into our profile,” he adds.

This expanding vision will be supported by the growing number of Braco branch offices in the metro cities of India. Starting from the metros of India, the company will strive to reach every patron in the industry and serve them with the best. The immediate upcoming project that the promoters are most excited about is launching of all types of Aluminium Glands for domestic as well as international market.

While it is the clear focus that has made all its achievements possible for Braco, today the company is focused on three areas, viz., steady growth, standardisation and trust.

It has been registering consistent growth from last few decades. “This legacy will continue and will be our focus area in every future planning. To complement this growth story, we aim to meet international standards of electrical industry, across the globe.

This standardisation of products is a

step towards earning the trust of the clients and the industry alike,” says Mr Sobhani.

Q

Share the expansion plans of nyour company with our readers.

Owing to its success and illustrious journey, Braco is in its full vigour to deliver exceptional results. The expansion plans encompass various factors like automatic manufacturing of products and nationwide presence.

Braco will be seen in almost every metro city of India in the near future.

The futuristic growth of the company is also on the radar. Manufacturing of products and equipments will be done with help of latest technology.

“We have completed three decades of trust and quality and the vision of Braco

is to provide products, services and solutions that will transform the way electric power utilities manage and ||www.electricalmirror.in||

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 67

Face to Face distribute electricity,” says Mr Suniil Giasotta, CEO, Braco Electricals.

“We have been manufacturing cable glands and terminal products for the electrical industry. We will be expanding the existing segment by adding new products to it, the products that will serve the industry and will be produced by the use of latest technology and also launched our new Metal Division providing solutions in non-ferrous metals,” Mr Sobhani adds.

Q

What are the challenges the industry would face in the coming years?

The IT boom has created new challenges for many industries. The electrical industry is no exception to it.

The demand for electrical supply and its products has grown beyond imagi-

nation. Hence, meeting these demands is the biggest challenge for every player in this industry.

While meeting the demands of the client, quality becomes the most fragile factor. Quality maintenance is never compromised by Braco, and therefore, delivering quality products at competitive prices becomes a major challenge to overcome. Yet, the company has successfully managed to create a balance between these extreme factors.

Speaking about the company’s plan over the next five years, Mr Sobhani elaborates that “it is to increase sales fourfold with the expansion of the factory infrastructure and totally automate production on the modern machinery. We plan to raise our export revenue up to 50% of our current

Mr Ramesh Sobhani, Technical Director Braco Electricals [India] Pvt. Ltd.

turnover through advertising and marketing of our product profile, to all the electrical markets around the world,” he concludes.

ELECTRICAL MIRROR An outlook of the electrical & power industry

DEAR READERS If you too have any new product launch, update to the existing product or any thing that you think can be part of the magazine, forward your write up along with relevant photographs to editor@electricalmirror.in We help you in getting your product-desired attention through our large circulation network and reach.

C-22, 1st Floor, Acharya Niketan, Mayur Vihar Phase-I, New Delhi-110091

68 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

www.electricalmirror.in ||www.electricalmirror.in||

MANUFACTURING DIVISION Aluminium Conductors ACSR. AAAC, AAC, ACSR (AW), Al59 Conductor, AACSR, TAL Conductor, Coloured conducors and Other HTLS Conductors, Upto and including 91 stands.

Aluminium DE-oxi Flipped Coils For de-oxidation of Steel.

Aluminium EC/Alloy Wire Rods/Alloy Wires Series (1000/2000/3000/4000/5000/6000/8000) For Cables, Conductors, Transformers and Mechanical Applications.

AGENCY DIVISION Aluminium Product EC INGOTS, Wire rods (EC/Alloy), Coils, Sheets, Cast Strips, CHQ. Sheets, Corrugated Sheets, Extrusions and Foils.

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 69

Face to Face

“

“

We keep innovating and improvising at Compaq. We employ latest technology to manufacture the best quality and versatile products which can be used almost in all sectors

Harpreet Singh - CEO - Compaq International (P) Ltd.

Q

Share with us the successful journey of Compaq international.

Compaq International (P) Limited was established in 1998. It has been over two decades of leadership in Low & Medium Voltage Cable Management Products. We deliver world class standards in Developing, Manufacturing & Marketing of Cable Jointing Kits (Heat Shrink Type, Cold shrink Type & Pre-moulded Push On Type Up to 66 kV), Composite Polymeric Insulators, Polymer Surge Arresters & other associated electrical products for Power Distribution and Transmission.

The journey has been successful in many ways from having a talented work force to being ahead with our technological developments consistently. Based out of Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, our quality work has won us an ISO 9001:2008 & 140001:2004 certification.

Q

Give us a brief about the products you offer.

Lead by the dynamic market needs and increase in power and infrastructural projects in India, we

70 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

keep innovating and improvising at Compaq. We employ latest technology to manufacture the best quality and versatile products which can be used almost in all sectors. Our product range includes Cable Joints & Terminations, Composite Polymer Insulators, Polymer Surge arrester, Air Break Switches & Drop Out fuses with Polymer Insulators.

As products (and services) age, sales growth and profit margins get squeezed. Understanding where your products are in their life cycles can help you work out how to maximize overall profitability. At the same time, you need to invest in innovation to build a stream of new, profitable products to market.

Q

Q

Change in business conditions is a continuous process. To keep up with the changing times, one must consistently invest in maker research. This will help you avoid taking significant decisions based on out-of-date information, which can lead to business failure.

When people talk about the electric power industry, the focus of the conversation is usually on the power generation side of the business or on the utilities. The power generation side examines the extraction of fossil fuels, alternative energy generation, oil spills, carbon emissions, and nuclear power. The utilities side focuses on the customer-oriented delivery side of the business, from electricity bill surcharges to outages in our electricity supply.

The market is not performing very well so how your business is going during this period?

Success makes competitors take notice of you and react in their own respective ways. What leads today as a luring market offer may come down to being an average deal in no time. It’s of no doubt that loyal customers can be quick to find alternative suppliers who provide a better deal.

What are the opportunities you are expecting for the industry from the coming 4 or 5 years?

A third and often overlooked portion of the power and energy industry is the transmission and distribution space

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 71

Face to Face (T&D), an important cluster of industries that include the production of machinery, electric lines and transformers as well as line management systems (such as “smart-grid” technology) that improve efficiency.

It would definitely have been great if we could predict what lies ahead for us in the future. This is the view which we need to visualize and help ourselves in taking better decisions. For National Grid it would be useful to be able to predict future usage of energy but as that’s not possible we produce scenarios to give us a way of understanding that future and a greater degree of confidence in our decision making.

“

The strategy is to be up-dodate with technology that leads the industry and have a dependable work-force. We work out solutions way ahead of the problem, instead of waiting for a crisis

“

Q

What are your key mantras of success which keeps you ahead in the competition? Could you please share with us the marketing strategy of your company?

The strategy is to be up-do-date with technology that leads the industry and have a dependable work-force. We work out solutions way ahead of the problem, instead of waiting for a crisis. It’s always about being able to foresee what lies ahead and preparing for the same. It takes lots of patience in not reacting to a given market situation, and instead evolving yourself to counter it with much diligence. Everyone at Compaq is an initiator of processes.

We don’t believe in people who work on inputs alone. We encourage pro-activeness and develop a work culture where everyone contributes significantly to the industry.

Q

Share the future plans of your company with our readers.

It is to provide a complete range of comprehensive solutions related to Power Transmission and Distribution Industry.

72 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

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Next Issue: AUGUST 2015

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR An outlook of the electrical & power industry

Control Panels, Switchgears & Controlgears/Gensets

Target Readership of Senior decision makers Distributed at key National & International Events Unique Editorial Programme Industry Leaders Profiled A unique platform geared for brand promotion

FOR MORE DETAILS CONTACT

Mr. Subhash Chandra Mob: +91-9899 072 636 Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.in subh.iconmedia@gmail.com

con e ia ||www.electricalmirror.in||

57-B, Pocket-E, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi - 110095 www.electricalmirror.in

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 73

Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s no.1 exhibition on LED lighting products & technologies 3 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 5 Dec 2015 Hall Nos. 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India www.ledexpo-delhi.com

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74 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

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Y

Nandesh Yande MD

Yande Polymers A quality conscious organization

ANDE POLYMERS, has been manufacturing quality rubber products since 1983.

We understand that in the power generation sector, planned or scheduled maintenance or incidental breakdown maintencance is very important. It has to be attained in a time bound manner to avoid power generation losses. We design, make and deliver our products very promptly in assured time.

We have sucessfully developed our products for Generators and Turbines that all user generally prefer to get it from OEM only. OEM rates are too high as their overhead charges are high and their delivery time is also 18 to 20 months. Maintenance works cannot hold for such a long time. Our prices are 25 percent of the OEM prices.

We also undertake continual R&D

on our products and as per partiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; requirement or specifiactions; we have developed gaskets for ash slurry lines.

We are also supplying number of traditional Neoprene rubber gaskets to one of our customers. We have been supplying thousands of such gaskets for their ash slurry lines running into many kilometers.

This customer has trouble with the ash slurry lines that Gasket used to perform well for a few months after which leakages were observed. Finding and fixing the leakage was both problematic and tedious. After observing this problem we started R&D on gaskets.

After almost five years of efort of our technical R&D team and the wholehearted support of our customers, we could successfully develop a specially formulated rubber gasket that gave zero leakages for a minimum period of one year. Even after one year of

usage the gaskets were still found to be in their original condition. Even though our specially developed gasket is a bit costlier, but due to its superb performance, they save on high costs of attending leakages replacement, etc. our specially developed gaskets are now being regularly supplied to sveraql customers, and even as an OEM product.

We have also developed special-grade Viton rubber oil seal for roller journal assembly that efficiently replace tradional oil seals, especially in the 210MW roller gournal shaft.

In case you require any sort of advice on dificulties you face from time to time in dealing with rubber, we will be delighted to send our well experienced technical representative to solve your problems. We can also design as per your utility at your works or site.

Quality Rubber Products for O&M

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company THE ONLY NAME for PREClSION RUBBER COMPONENTS Required for Power Generation Sector i.e THERMAL, HYDRO, ATOMIC Power Generation plants.

Boiler Maintenance :-

Oil Seals for coal Mills, Roller General Assembly, Trunnion Bushings, Coal Feeders

Turbine Maintenance :-

Seals Gaskets. Cords required For Generators, Turbines, Gaskets for Seal Oil Coolers Oil Catchers, Accumulator Bladders for HP/LP bypass Systems

Instrumentation & Control :- Various seals for power cylinders, bellows Gaskets. Special seals as per your drawing Ash Handling Plants :-

Gaskets, seal, expansion Joints, Rubber Sheet.

Electrical Maintenance :-

Insulating Matting, Bus duct Bellows Air Cell etc.

Coal Handling Plants :-

Various types of Oil Seal, Seal Kits for Stacker Reclaimers Gaskets Bushes, Wagon tipplers pad etc.

WE MAKE DEVELOP QUALITY RUBBER COMPONENTS AS PER PARTIES REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION TO AVIOD FREQUENT MAINTENANCE, MANPOWER BREAKDOWN TIME AND GENERATION LOSSES ETC.

5, Prosper Park Singada Talao, Poona Road Nashik-422001, Tel No. 0253-2506889/2507308/2599926 Email: yandepolymers@gmail.com Website:- www.yandepolymers.com ||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 75

FOCUS

Transmission & Distribution ransformers

Electrical system does not permit compromising of standards & short cut methods

S

teel plants are the bulk consumers of Electricity. Their consumption can be as large as a city’s total power consumption. Over the years of operation of the Steel plants, the electrical equipments / safety protections installed originally undergo lot of changes / modifications & the operating engineers get used to these changes. Similar to Process Industries, Steel plants run 365 days a year & hence to keep up the continuity of production, the engineers tend to adopt short cut methods , compromise on standards thus overlooking safety & over a period, such practices not only prove costly but can result in serious damages to equipment as well as detrimental to human lives. Only during such major failures / accidents they tend to correct the short cut procedures they had adopted earlier.

Sometimes repeated failures occur on an equipment & during each such failure, the role of the maintenance

76 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

engineer is to ensure that the repair work is carried out fast & the plant is put back into operation. Under such pressure of work, they have seldom time & patience to examine in detail, the reasons for such repetitive failures.

Case Study: One of the Steel plant in Indonesia had repetitive breakdowns on their Electric Arc Furnace Transformers which had brought down their Plant’s productivity considerably. I had the opportunity of studying their electrical system in detail & was asked to suggest measures to improve the plant’s reliability.

Composition , a multi Strand Billet Caster with Rolling Mill facilities down stream. The Local Electricity supplier, M/s PLN, had installed a 150 KV switch yard in the premises of the Steel Plant.

One of the 150KV out going feeder was feeding a 150/33KV, 60/80MVA Power transformer which was exclusively feeding power to the Steel Melting shop consisting of, an EAF of 66MVA

Plant’s Power supply System: The Steel plant comprised of an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) for Scrap melting, a Ladle Refining Furnace (LF) for refining the basic liquid steel produced in the EAF into finished liquid Steel of required Chemical ||www.electricalmirror.in||

MIDEL ESTER-BASED TRANSFORMER

Products of M&I Materials Ltd.

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 77

F ocus : Transformers, Transmission & Distribution capacity & the LF of 16MVA capacity.

(See fig:1)

Possible causes for the failure of the XLPE cable:

Earth Fault on 33 KV class XLPE Power cable feeding power to the 15 MVA Ladle Furnace (LF) Transformer.

The plant is widely using XLPE cables both in the Switch Yard as well as at the Steel plant. XLPE is definitely a good cable & easy to terminate. However following points need to be taken care of while using it, failing which, it can become the root cause for problems.

Ageing of XLPE cable is related to the temperature of the insulation of the cable. All XLPE cables contain Anti-oxidants which protect the XLPE from oxidation during the extrusion & cross linking process, as well as during the service life of the cable. The rate at which the Anti-oxidants are used up is dependent on temperature. Normal operating temperature of XLPE cable is 90 Deg.C. At this maximum temperature, the rate of consumption of Anti-oxidants has been calculated to provide a cable life of 30 years.

Increase of the operating temperature increases the rate of using up of the Anti-oxidant & reduces the service life of the cable, following an exponential function & the XLPE cable insulation will oxidize & become brittle & develop cracks resulting in Electrical failure at places where the cable is subjected to excessive mechanical pressure (Such as very short / sharp bends).

33 KV power to LF transformer is controlled by a Vacuum Circuit breaker(VCB). Between the VCB & the LF transformer , an Isolator has been installed to facilitate maintenance on the transformer. 33KV class XLPE cable of 120 Sq.mm Aluminum was laid from VCB to the Isolator & from the Isolator to the LF transformer Primary terminals.

Fig:1 shows the power supply scheme to the Ladle Furnace. There was a heavy flashover on this Isolator & the XLPE cables terminated on this Isolator resulting in a serious Earth Fault. The Secondary star connected neutral of the 150/33KV, 60/80 MVA Power transformer at the 150 KV switch yard feeding the Melt Shop is Grounded through a Resistance (NGR) of 95 ohms.

During this heavy Earth fault, few of the neutral resistance grids got damaged.

In the normal circumstance during such ground fault, the fault current will pass through this NGR & back to the Star point of the Transformer. This fault current is measured by the current transformer (CT) installed in the circuit which in turn give the command for the protective Earth Fault Relay to trip the main Circuit breaker before the fault current goes beyond the designed value of the resistance thus ensuring its safety. Evidently the protective Earth Fault relay had not functioned.

On closer examination it was observed that the Electric Supplier (M/s PLN) who had earlier conducted routine relay testing at the 150 KV switchyard , had kept the Earth Fault relay disconnected & had forgotten to re-connect the same into the circuit which resulted in the damage to NGR. In the absence of spare resistance grids, the plant engineers removed the damaged plates & balance good plates were assembled & the new resistance value was 77 ohms instead of the earlier designed value of 95 ohms & the Steel plant was switched ‘ON’.

78 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

On detailed examination of the damaged XLPE cable following facts were observed. The Size of the cable selected for the LF transformer of 16 MVA capacity was 120 Sq.mm Aluminum, from VCB to the Isolator as well as from the Isolator to the Transformer. Since the rated current of the LF transformer is 280 Amps which is higher than the current carrying capacity of the 120 Sq.mm Aluminum connecting it, the cable operating temperature has also gone up resulting in the deterioration of XLPE insulation. Further the Isolator was mounted on the wall & the head room to the roof & the Isolator was limited, the termination of the cable had resulted in acute bending causing severe stresses on the cables as well as at the Isolator terminals. The flash over had occurred at this point resulting in an Earth Fault. Since the distance

between Isolator & the transformer primary was small it was suggested to do away with cabling & replace it by copper bus bars with heat shrinkable sleeves. It was also suggested to procure the missing resistance grids & rebuild the NGR to its original value of 95 ohms. Function of all the protective relays were checked.

Frequent Problem with Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Transformer: Originally the Steel Plant had installed an EAF Transformer having a rating of 50 MVA with Primary voltage designed for 33KV. During the year 1992, this Furnace transformer got damaged & the production of the plant came to standstill. The plant needed very badly a replacement Furnace Transformer.

They found a readily available ABB make Furnace transformer in Europe having a specification of 50-66MVA, but it was designed for a primary voltage of 30KV instead of the plant’s requirement of 33KV. However to restart the plant they had no other alternative except to compromise on this & procure this readily available EAF transformer & installed it. In order to match the voltage for the new EAF transformer they had to adjust the tapping of their 150 KV Switch yard transformer to the lowest possible secondary voltage namely 31.5 KV instead of the earlier 33 KV. This reduction of voltage was still higher than the designed transformer voltage of 30 KV. Further this decision to reduce the voltage to 31.5 KV had also affected the performance / productivity of the Ladle Furnace since LF was also connected to the same Bus, & was now getting the reduced voltage of 31.5 KV instead of its designed 33KV. Originally the old EAF transformer was being controlled by a Minimum Oil Circuit breaker & when the new EAF transformer was brought in, MOCB was replaced by a Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) with an R-C Network.

Over a period of trouble free EAF operation, frequent EAF trippings were experienced & many times there used to be flash over on the transformer 30KV side primary bushings

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(Sparking marks on the bushings were visible) accompanied by VCB trippings on ground fault / over currents. Every such incident of flashover on the large Furnace Transformer bushings, & its replacement involved almost a week of Plant’s shutdown which proved very costly. The process involved procurement of the new bushings (Since bushings are not consumables items which can be kept in stock), draining out of the transformer oil up to the top level of the winding, removal of the bushing & replacing it , filling the oil, and carrying out filtration work to remove the moisture, which also need considerable time in view of the large volume of oil used. This repetitive bushing flashovers adversely affected not only the plant production but was also having serious effect on the windings of the transformer & thus needed detailed study.

- The no. of Switching operations of the VCB during normal furnace operation was around 100 per day.

- Switching done during varied load conditions such as Scrap melting, - Switching done without any load except the low magnetizing current of the transformer itself,

particular system conditions. The key components are proper selection of Surge Arresters & R-C Networks.

Further it is desirable that VCB is installed very close to the Furnace transformer & the connection between VCB & Transformer is done preferably by using Bus Bars with heat shrinkable sleeves, instead of Cables. Despite the Steel plant had taken care of all these requirements, repetitive flashovers was a cause of serious concern.

On studying the statistics of the failures, all the bushing flashovers had occurred when the Furnace was “in operation” & not when the Furnace was being either “Switched ON or Switched OFF”, that is, damages occurred when VCB was neither switched ‘ON’ or switched ‘OFF’.

This excludes the cause of Surge attributable to VCB switchings.

On detailed study of the damaged H.T bushings of the Furnace Transformer, following points came to light.

In almost all EAF working on 33KV input power supply, the furnace transformer manufacturer uses 52KV rated bushings on the primary side. But ABB, for reasons best known to them had used 36KV bushings which have a lower

low condensation of moisture occur on the dust laden insulators, that too with a low creepage distance & with higher input voltage namely 31.5 KV instead of the designed 30KV. The creepage distance of the 52 KV bushing installed on the LF transformer was 930mm & the Creepage distance of the 36KV bushing mounted on EAF transformer was only 730mm.

Matter was taken up with ABB who is the supplier of the EAF transformer & requested them to supply 52 KV bushings. ABB responded immediately saying that we can not insert 52 KV bushing in place of the existing 36KV, since the bushing’s depth below the lid is 50 mm more than the existing 36KV bushing which will hinder proper connections inside the tank. To over come this problem a drawing of the 52KV bushing with a distance piece & an elevated new mounting plate was prepared & sent to ABB as a modification & they were requested to air lift the supply of the 52KV bushings with the proposed mounting plates, matching copper rods for the new bushings, gaskets,& other metal parts like bolts & nuts etc. required for effecting the modification (See Fig. 2)

- Switching done when the electrodes are under short Circuit condition (i.e when the electrodes are touching the scrap) No doubt, VCB’s are designed for such high number of operations which is one of its advantage. Less maintenance & less interruptions when compared to other types of Circuit Breakers are added advantages of the VCB. Disadvantages of VCB’s are, during switching operations, they tend to create multiple Re-ignitions & virtual current chopping phenomena which results in the introduction of High Frequency transients & high voltages. In order to overcome these problems, especially for EAF Transformers, it is highly recommended to provide properly designed Surge Limiting devices & Damping Networks for transients, all well tuned to the ||www.electricalmirror.in||

creepage distance. Another interesting thing worth noting was all the bushing flashovers had occurred between 7AM & 8AM , ie in the morning hours. Surprisingly even the Ladle Furnace Isolator cable flashover had also occurred in the morning hours. Perhaps during the night when the ambient temperature is

Another point which was noticed during the analysis was that the surge suppressor which was installed during the time of VCB installation was physically located behind the Furnace Transformer. (See fig:3). As a result, during any Switching surge arising out of VCB switchings would first hit the ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 79

F ocus : Transformers, Transmission & Distribution

bushings since the Surge suppressors were behind the bushings. Evidently the purpose of protecting the Furnace Transformer against switching surges were not met. We had to shift the Surge suppressor network to locate it between the VCB & the Transformer.

(See Fig: 4). This would absorb the Switching surges, if any, & thus safe guard the transformer.

Safety to personnel:

the

maintenance

Melting power to the furnace is fed directly from the Secondary side of the Furnace Transformer through water cooled flexible cables. The magnitude of the secondary electrode current is of the order of 50,000 – 100,000 amps, depending on the capacity of the furnace transformer.

Since this current is very large, there is no facility to Isolate the furnace transformer & the furnace for maintenance except switching ‘OFF’ of the main incoming H.T Power to the 80 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Furnace transformer. Since EAF is a process oriented unit, time for routine maintenance of the Electrical / Mechanical equipments are limited. When a shut down has been planned, it is a common feature that the mechanical staff will work on the furnace proper & the Electrical staff will carry out the maintenance of the Transformer, VCB, bus bar cleaning etc. located inside the transformer / VCB rooms. Prior to start of working on the VCB /Transformer/Bus Bars, etc., it is customary that the Electrical staff ensure ‘Switching OFF’ of the HT power. Despite this safety procedure, fatal accidents have taken place in many of the plants. Whenever welding works are being carried out on the furnace roof/Electrode clamps etc. & since the electrode holding arms are directly connected to the Furnace transformer through water cooled flexible cables, back feeding of power takes place in the Furnace Transformer & the welding voltage gets stepped up. At the same moment, if any one is working on the HT system of the Transformer, the chances of getting electrocuted is very high & such fatal accidents have occurred in some steel plants, despite the electrician had taken precaution to switch ‘OFF’ the HT power prior to start of working. In order to avert this kind of mishap, an L.T.Triple pole Earthing Isolator, of say, 600Amps rating with an auxiliary contact was

installed (See Fig:5), During maintenance the secondary bus bars are shorted & earthed through this Isolator.

The auxiliary contact of this isolator is wired in such a way that when this Isolator is closed, Furnace VCB can not be switched ‘ON’. This safety feature was introduced in this plant.

Large interruptions of power supply in a Process industry will have direct impact on the Productivity & Profitability of the Industry. Hence the goal for the maintenance personnel is to prevent and mitigate such events with optimal decisions in design, planning, operation and maintenance, without sacrificing or compromising any of them.

Availability and safety are often opposite. The best way for a plane not to crash is for it to stay on the ground .

Its safety is then absolute, but its availability is zero! Conversely, a plane which is in the air too often, without maintenance, places people’s life in danger.

The design of any Electrical system calls for a compromise between availability and safety. But compromise should not be applied to the technical requirements, such as selecting a transformer designed for 30KV power supply & trying to adopt the same on a 33KV power system, which will be disastrous.

CV Govinda Raju, Qualified in Electrical Engineering from University Visveswarya College of Engineering Bangalore, served Visveswaraya Iron & Steel works, Bhadravati in various capacities handling several major projects connected with steel plant. His services were drawn by Govt. of Karnataka on deputation basis as the Executive Director of Karnataka Vidyuth Karkhane Limited (KAVIKA) Bangalore. BHEL took his services for planning & execution of a Steel Plant Project (Modernisation of Hot Strip Mill at Rourkela Steel Plant).

He was with ISPAT Group & also associated with L.N. Mittal (Arcelor Mittal Steel). He retired as the “President of Ispat Group Company.

Presently his services are being used as a consultant by many Steel Plants in India & Abroad. He has taken up the role of conducting training lecture sessions & is on the faculty of INSTRUCT, Bangalore.

||www.electricalmirror.in||

Manufacturers of: + Transformers (oil & dry) + VCB / LBS + HT AVR / Built in HT-AVR + Compact Sub-Stations + Electrical Panels + Voltage Controllers / LT-AVR

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 81

Face to Face

“

“

We are predominantly witnessing two major technical trends in the DG sets sector which generally attracts customer demand – fuel efficiency and emission controls

Sanjay Jadhav - President - Sterling and Wilson Powergen Pvt. Ltd.

Q

Tell us about the current size of diesel generator market in India. What is Sterling’s contribution towards it?

Indian Diesel Generator market has been witnessing tremendous growth with rising power cuts and supply shortages across the country. Now days, almost each and every organization needs consistent power supply for backup power equipment. Over the next few years the company aims to triple its turnover in Exports and Retail while improving its current performance in the Projects segments. We are also looking at entering the Recon business over the next few months.

As per the industry assessment the amount of power capacity to be added in the next 2-3 years is tremendous and Sterling Generators see a relatively stable flow of power supply in the coming years.

Q

What are your expansion plans for India? Share with our readers.

We are looking forward to a stronger dealer network to reach out to more people with our products and services while continuing to serve our loyal customers. Keeping in mind the increasing demand for fuel efficient and silent DG sets, we are planning to

82 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

expand our dealership network extensively across the country. Currently we have more than 60 dealers across India and plan to spread out to more cities increasing its dealer network to 120 by 2016.

Q

What are the current technological trends and developments in diesel generators in India?

We are predominantly witnessing two major technical trends in the DG sets sector which generally attracts customer demand – fuel efficiency and emission controls. Today we have products compliant to CPCB II norms and even Euro IV standards. The availability of such products hence drives the customer towards purchasing and utilising DG sets which are far more superior to the alternatives which were available. Any product which offers increased productivity, fuel efficiency, minimal maintenance and more importantly are cost competent drives the choice of customers towards superior products. Load characteristics though does not influence the choice for DG sets, it definitely defines the operational efficiency of that particular product. The ability to maintain a stable load ensures the efficiency and longer operational life of the DG sets.

Q

Give us a brief about exports of sterling generators.

Very few Indian players have made a mark in the International market for DG sets. We have been competing in many countries over the past 6 to 7 years and have made significant progress competing on quality and delivery with competition from Europe, Asia and China. Today Sterling is a known brand in many countries and is rapidly gaining momentum due to its solution providing ability where Sterling takes up the complete responsibility of Design, Supply, Erection, Testing and Commissioning of projects at break neck speed. We want to be really a global player competing against the best in the World; Sterling Generators has the Confidence, Talent and Infrastructure in place to achieve our Goals in the coming years.

Q

What are the major challenges in India diesel generator market?

People often talk about addressing the customer need but we need to understand that there are different aspects to this customer need. Our aim is to create a product that is technically superior, represents the latest technology and makes customers feel that they have taken the right decision in buying this product. And, it should also be cost ||www.electricalmirror.in||

Q

What kind of opportunities you are expecting for Diesel generators in India?

Retail and exports will be our new key growth areas. Venturing into the retail segment and expanding the export profile are two of our core agendas for the future. In addition, we are also planning to foray into the construction of power plants. The process will be similar to a leasing business, wherein we will build the power plants for the customers. Our expertise in distinct power and energy verticals will assist us in achieving this target. We also plan to explore the Recon space, i.e. the reconditioning business. This involves reconditioning of the used engine components into relatively new systems. A team will be shortly outlined for the Recon sector, and we plan to fully operationalise that business next year.

||www.electricalmirror.in||

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

Today Sterling is a known brand in many countries and is rapidly gaining momentum due to its solution providing ability where Sterling takes up the complete responsibility of Design, Supply, Erection, Testing and Commissioning of projects at break neck speed.

Q

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

competitive as we are aware that India is a price sensitive market. Sterling Generators has always stayed ahead of competition by improving operational efficiency and continual improvement produced quality and timely delivery

Tell us about the current manufacturing capabilities and capacity of Sterling Generators.

Our manufacturing unit is located at Silvasa and has been operational for the past 9 years. It is the largest and most modern state-of-the-art DG sets manufacturing facility in Asia. The

manufacturing unit has gone through a capacity addition of about 30-40 per cent in the past few years. The facility presently has a capacity of manufacturing about 10,000 gensets a year. The gensets manufactured are in the range of 10KVA-3000 KVA. The manufacturing facility has two separate units focused on catering to the local and export markets.

Q

Share your long term plans and the milestones you wish to achieve in next 3 or 4 years.

Sterling has put all the right things in place, we have one of the best Manufacturing plants in Asia, extremely aggressive Marketing and Execution teams, highly efficient and Customer focussed After Sales service teams which will help Sterling build on their strengths further. Over the next 5 years the company aims to triple its turnover in Exports and Retail while improving over their current performance in the Projects segments. We are also looking at entering the Recon business over the next few months.

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 83

Case Study of the Month VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATIONContd...

For the last three months (April, May June -2015 issue) case studies on various incidents had been discussed for different electrical equipments used in the grid sub-station. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had also been described during the situation.

Because of the overwhelming response of the readers, in this issue again some

other practical case studies with actual observations and analysis have been described, which can add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the

BN

CN

AC

an bn cn

AN

230

0

230 450 19 0

BN

170

230 80

CN

230

0

91

13 19

230 453 19 0

19

37

Tap

AN

BN

CN

Ideal

6

7

No

an

bn

cn

Value

19

38

1

13.2

$

13.2

13.20

5

12.0

$

12.0

12.00

17

10.8

$

10.8

10.80

OC TEST A

No

B

C

3

530

3

535

4

610

4

612

17 ( Max )

5

740

4.5

742

2.1.3. Short Circuit Test

C N a b c Current values in Ampere

n

Tap

AN

BN

CN

an

1

1.876

1.854

1.863

5

1.854

1.843

1.848

17

1.673

1.645

1.665

0.149

Terminals

15 secs

0.147

0.148

60 Secs Values in M Ω

0.3

21.9

22.3 22.1

0.3

2.0 2.0

2.1

0.4

24.2

24.4 24.5

0.3

HT-N to Body

750

850

2.8 3.2

3.1

0.5

31.2

32.5 32.3

0.7

LT-N to Body

9

9

HT-N to HT-N

650

750

84 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

cn

C. IR (Meggering) Value

1.6

From the test values of the MBT, it was suspected that both (windings and core) have been affected. The results of OC test provide an idea that some considerable part of the core under the “B” phase has been affected. But the results of the SC test confirmed

bn

Value in Ω

1.6 1.6

2.1.5. Analysis of the Results

$ Exciting current with min. excitation Voltage.

B. Transformer Winding Resistance Test

5 ( Normal )

B

Remark

N

Current values in mA

1(Min )

A

A. Transformer Turn’s Ratio Test (TTR)

ac

2.1.2. Open Circuit Test Tap

2.1. Case for FAULT in Power Transformer: Behaviour of LT supply test for faulty transformers and analysis of the same. Test reports of two winding 20 MVA 132/11 Y-y group transformers with inter turn short and shorting of Tertiary winding with core).

2.1.4. Other Supporting Tests

2.1.1Magnetic Balance Test for Tap No 5 Sup AN

Grid Sub-Station.

that the windings of the transformer have not been affected considerably.

The results of TTR confirms about the inter turn short circuit of the winding.

Moreover the result of the IR value for the resistance of the Tertiary winding indicates that this winding has been shorted to the core of the transformer.

2.1.6. Physical Checking: On checking and physical opening of the transformer at factory, it was seen the shorting of the tertiary winding with the core being in melted condition.

2.2. Case of BLOWING OUT of Fuse ||www.electricalmirror.in||

AMEX IMPEX ELECTRICALS PVT. LTD. Plot No. 22, 23, 30, 31, Nirmal Industrial Park, New G I D C, At Po - Gozaria, Dist - Mehsana Mobile no.: 09879003002, 09825035076, E-mail : info@amesimpex.com, amesimpex.engg@gmail.com Website : www.amesimpex.com ||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 85

Case Study of the Month of Breaker Control Circuit:- At one Sub-Station it was found with blowing out of fuses ( used for Closing + Trip Coil -2 ) of a 220 KV Breaker Control Circuit 2.2.1. Analysis:- Blowing out of any fuse is the indication of higher current flow on the fuse circuit than that of its rated value. This situation may result due to the following conditions.

1. Reduction of the impendance/ resistance path of the operating coil circuit.

2. DC earth leakage and development of higher voltage across the operating system.

3. Earthing/ touching to body during DC earth leakage condition.

2.2.2. Observations :1. This observation was found both in the LOCAL and REMOTE Closing of the breaker.

2. Even on Hand tripping condition also.

3. Sparking of auxiliary contacts ( 63 AGX and 47TX) relays on breaker cubicle for testing of individual tripping of the breaker pole, while testing of pole discrepancies.

phase Post Supervision purpose found burnt ( 63AGX) for trip coil-2 b. TSR of this Y phase was also found defective c. Remote TNC switch contact also found defective

TRIP

5. Rectification of point (a):- Another parallel relay was replaced and NO contact was used for the supervision purpose.

6. Rectification of point (b):- Another relay was replaced from spare feeder.

7. Rectification of point (c):- Another spare contact was replaced.

All the operation was checked again the Pole discrepancy on R Phase contact circuit was found defective and new contact and circuit was modified 2.3 Case of Burning of Battery Charger: At one Sub-Station, the battery charger burnt for the fault on 11 KV System and subsequent NON_ CLOSING of 132 Kv Breaker in the system.

2. While checking the LOCAL TNC switch, the fault was detected and the same was replaced by a good one and both LOCAL and REMOTE closing were checked and found OK.

2.3.1 Analysis: - The battery charger was in AUTO mode and because of heavy fault on the 11 KV feeder and severe voltage dip on the system might have resulted the abnormal supply to the battery charger and damage of the rectifying system. Again subsequent closing attempt from the faulty charger for closing of the 132 KV breakermight have drawn sudden heavy current from the charger and consequence burning of the battery charger( This breaker is of old Westing House make BOCB type and works on the principle of Solenoid actuation principle and takes heavy current during charging of the solenoid and the associated coil.

3. Tripping operation at Local was checked by removal of the cable used for remote operation and found in order.

2.3.2 Action Plan:- The faulty Charger was rectified and it was advised to put the battery charger on Manual mode with current limitation cut-off.

4. While checking the hand tripping from remote end the following defects were again observed.

2.4: Case of Burning of Primary Link of CT:- At oneGrid S/s, it was observed with burning of Primary Link of a CT with normal current flow.

4. The pole discrepancy circuit seems to be incomplete as observed.

2.2.3 Rectifications:1. The cables used for the remote closing and tripping of the breaker was checked and found in order.

a.

Auxiliary contact used for Y

86 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

2.4.1. Analysis:- The link that used at the primary connection was found with minimum contact surface for current flow due to its inherent design. Under loading condition the contact was not sufficient to carry the required current and results with the sparking of the point and final burning of the contact.

It was replaced by the new design and performed OK with out burning as like shown below.

Before Link

After Link

2.5. Case of frequent tripping of a 132v KV feeder: One day the main 132KV incomer of a S/S tripped frequently on loading of 6 to 7 MW ( approx 30 to 35 Ampere of current).

2.5.1. Analysis :1. The DC circuit of the breaker was tested and found in order.

2. The Line injection of the CTs and associated CT circuitry was also done and found in order.

3. So it was understood that the circuit might have been opened somewhere and confirmed with loading of the LINE with smaller load and by measurement of CT secondary current. No current was found in the R phase CT and neutral was carrying the unbalance current.

4. It was reported that the jumper had been snapped at the remote supply incoming station.

5. The problem was rectified and the line was charged and stood OK. 2.5.2. Symptoms of OPEN circuit of Supply System 1. Fluctuation of the KV meter pointer of the feeder if connected from Line CVT 2. Frequent tripping of the line with light load on the system 2.6. Case of Abnormal Sound of 33 KV PT:- 33 KV B phase PT at one S/S ||www.electricalmirror.in||

Distribution Transformer Range 5KVA to 4000KVA (6.6/11/22/33 KV Class)

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||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 87

Case Study of the Month was observed with certain internal sparking sound, while charging. So the PT was isolated from supply. The glass window was replaced with topping of oil to it before charging.

2.6.1. Solutions :1. The IR value of the PT was taken a. Rph- E :- 75 MohmYph-E:- 100 MohmBph-E :- 0.4 Mohm 2. The primary winding resistance was also measured a. By Motwane Meter :- 15 KOhm, By digital meter :- 23.8 Kohm, 3. For confirmation of primary winding continuity the PT was charged and readings were checked on the secondary side in the Apex Module rack. a. RY 35.03 KV, RN 20.01 KV b. YB 35.13 KV, YN:- 20.10KV c. BR :- 34.08 KV , BN:- 20.09 KV

2.6.2. Analysis of the Point:1 :- The low insulation resistance of the PT might be due to ingress of moisture through indicator glass, that has resulted the degradation of the insulating oil and the solid insulation of the PT. 2:- From the reading of the PT primary winding, this has been confirmed that the winding has been affected and results with carbonized open path and resulting the resistance in certain Kohm.

3:- But when the PT was charged with 33 KV system, the sparking and flow of current on the carbonized open path was also developing the required voltage on the PT secondary as indicated by the APEX module.

However the decision was taken to replace the BphPT by a new one.

2.7. Case of NON_GLOWING of DC leakage Lamp indication:- At one 132/33 KV Grid S/S there had been reported with DC leakage with measurement of 227 Volt (+ve 88 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

to Earth) and 窶天e to Earth being 15 Volt by Voltmeter. But the DC Leakage lamp was not glowing with this type of condition.

2.7.1 Attemptstaken :1. To point out the problem, the DC distribution wings to different system were removed one after another and found with no change in the measurement of the voltmeter readings.

2. Only when the +VE wire from the main switch was removed, the measurement was altered and found with readings of 220 Volt between 窶天e and ground and 15 Volt between +ve and ground.

3. This type of circuit behavior indicates regarding the problem in the weak link connection between +ve to earth.

4. So it was checked with the status of the bulb and found with the FUSE of 窶天e bulb and healthy of the +ve bulb.

5. So the FUSE bulb was replaced and again the voltages were measured and found with 120 Volt and 118 Volt with equal glowing of both the bulbs.

Breaker: At one 132/33 KV Grid one of the SF6 CB of was not closing though the densimeter was showing 6.1 bar of pressure.

2.8.1. Observation: - On detail checking of the circuit, it was observed with the closing circuit that the contactor used for the scheme was picking continuously i.e though pressure was showing of required value. But the contacts coming from the densimeter module were remaining in ON mode and causing actatuion of contactor. It is apprehended either problem with densimeter or actually SF6 pressure is low in the circuit breaker.

2.8.2. Attempts:- It was advised to fill up the SF6 gas. During filling up of the same, it was checked about the actual pressure of being 6 Bar. So doubt on SF6 densi-meter was concentrated.

The SF6 pressure was filled little higher level of 7.4 bar. But the densi-meter contacts were reset at 6.2 and 6.4 bar.

Volt meter

As per the circuit shown, the reading of Voltmeter will not cause due to non-completion of the circuit in the scheme. But in practice, Voltmeter being the high ohmicinstrument needs very small current for its reading. Here in this circuit the loads that connected could have been connected with to leakage earth for which the circuit would be completed for recording the voltage reading as indicated in this study.

As the circuit does not have actual earthing in the scheme so by replacement of fuse bulb, the glowing results with correct reading of the voltmeter.

2.8. Case of Non- Closing of SF6

Load on Battery

Er P.K.Pattanaik, Email ID: - ele.pkpattanaik@optcl. co.in is presently working with OPTCL as Asst. General Manager (Elect) in E & MR Division, BhubaneswarOdisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems.

He is having 24 years of technical experience in Designing, Testing and Commissioning of Protection Control and operational Schemes, project Implementation, co-ordination, operations & maintenance of Electrical Equipments at various LT/ HT/ EHT level Grid Sub- Stations. He has also published around 70 technical papers in different national/international seminars/ journals.

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||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 89

C

OVER STORY

Hydro Power

Generation sector

“

“

as it stands now & outlook for the future

The potential for hydroelectric power in India is one of the greatest in the world. The first hydro-electric power station in India was established in Karnataka at “Shivanasamudra”. In this story we are bringing you some more facts about the hydro power sector in India.

90 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

- Authored by Priyanka Roy Chowdhury ||www.electricalmirror.in||

P

ropelled by sustained economic growth and rise in income levels, India is poised to face significant increase in energy demand in the next few decades which also translates into higher demand for electricity. The gap in the electricity demand-supply situation is highlighted by the fact that the country experienced a peak deficit of 5.2% and energy deficit of 4.2% in FY 13-141, with the surplus western and eastern regions unable to compensate for the severely deficit northern, southern and north-eastern regions.

exploitable and viable hydro potential assessed to be about 84,000 MW at 60% load factor. In addition, 6,780 MW in terms of installed capacity from Small, Mini, and Micro Hydel schemes have been assessed. Also, 56 sites for pumped storage schemes with an aggregate installed capacity of 94,000 MW have been identified. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy.

India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-potential on global scenario.

Considering an energy elasticity of 0.82, India is projected to require around 7% annual growth in electricity supply to sustain a GDP growth of around 8.5% p.a. over the next few years. This requires tapping all potential sources to address the deficit and meet the demand growth for accelerating economic development while taking into account considerations of long-term sustainability, environmental and social aspects.

The present installed capacity as on September 30, 2013 is approximately 39,788.40 MW which is 17.39% of total electricity generation in India. The public sector has a predominant share of 97% in this sector.[3] National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC), Northeast Electric Power Company (NEEPCO), Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVNL), THDC, NTPC-Hydro are a few public sector companies engaged in development of Hydroelectric Power in India.

Climate change and other negative effects of using fossil fuels for power generation along with growing concerns over energy security are driving the expansion of hydropower around the world. Though reservoir based hydropower projects have come under criticism due to CO2 and methane emissions beyond acceptable limits, most hydro-rich countries have followed an integrated full life-cycle approach for the assessment of the benefits and impacts to ensure sustainability India was the 6th largest producer of hydroelectric power in 2008 after Norway: 114 TWh and 3.5% the world total in 2008.[1] The potential for hydroelectric power in India is one of the greatest in the world. The first hydro-electric power station in India was established in Karnataka at “Shivanasamudra”.

Hydro Potential India is endowed with economically ||www.electricalmirror.in||

Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB), an illustrative state owned enterprise in North India, has an installed capacity of 2.9 GW and generates 12,000-14,000 million units per year. The cost of generation of energy after four decades of operation is about 20 paise/kWh. BBMB is a major source of peaking power and black start to the northern grid in India. Large reservoirs provide operational flexibility. BBMB reservoirs annually supply water for irrigation to 12.5 million acres (51,000 km2; 19,500 sq mi) of agricultural land of partner states, enabling northern India in its green revolution.

India ranks third in the world after China, USA and Russia in terms of number of dams. The country has about 4710 completed large dams. With the ever increasing population and the consequent increasing demand for water for various uses, it has become necessary not only to construct new dams but also rehabilitate and maintain existing

ones. The dams provide storages to tide over the temporal and spatial variation in rainfall for meeting the year round requirements of drinking water supply, irrigation, hydropower and industries in the country which lead to development of the national economy.

Dams have helped immensely in attaining self-sufficiency in food grain production besides flood control and drought mitigation.

The current development profile and trends in generation capacity addition in India have resulted in the followingaspects: • Skewed development pattern between different generation technologies: The current portfolio of installed capacity of 233 GW is dominated by thermal power with around 68% share. Hydro, with an installed capacity of 36 GW, has a share of around 17% coming down from around 46% in 1966. Adequate diversity in generation asset base has not been maintained with growth in hydro assets not being concomitant with growth in the thermal asset base. This also impacts the long-term least cost development pattern with overt reliance on 25-year thermal plants vis-à-vis more than 40-year hydro assets.

• Inadequate peaking and quick response capability: While regional grids have been integrated and frequency regimes have been streamlined due to Availability Based Tariff (ABT) regime, the country faces lack of assets capable of meeting peaking deficits and with quick response characteristics. Peak shaver hydro assets will prove beneficial in meeting the current and projected energy and peak shortage in the Indian power market.

• Sustainable low carbon development: While India is considering a low carbon strategy and actively considering focusing on Energy Efficient Renovation & Modernization

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 91

Cover Story (EE R&M) to sweat existing assets, the low carbon strategy can be fostered further with a higher thrust on green capacity additions via hydropower development. These factors necessitate renewed emphasis on ’responsible hydropower development’ to promote economic growth. Hydro’s critical role in sustainable development and energy security for the country is based on the elements of sustainability, availability and affordability.

Untapped potential India is endowed with significant hydroelectric potential and ranks fifth in the world in terms of usable potential.

As per the latest available data, India has around 36 GW of installed hydropower capacity whereas an additional 13 GW is under construction. This puts the total capacity which is yet to be tapped at around 67% of the potential.

Countries such as Canada and Brazil had harnessed around 69 and 48% of the economically feasible potential back in 2009.

From a regional perspective, over 93% of the total potential in the north eastern region is yet to be tapped, primarily in parts of the Brahmaputra river basin. The scenario is in sharp contrast to the southern and the western regions where more than 65% of the potential has already been harnessed.

The government of India has, over the years, taken a number of initiatives to priorities hydropower development and to attract investments in the sector.

Key measures include the preparation of a shelf of well investigated projects, which could substantially reduce risk perceptions, streamlining clearance procedures, the provisions of open access and trading as per the Electricity Act 2003, etc. However, issues in implementation of such policy initiatives and regulations still plague the sector resulting in the declining share of hydropower in India’s energy mix since 1966.

92 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Recent trends The government of India has increased financial allocation, along with other non-financial support, to priorities hydropower development and increase capacity addition. Accordingly, in the 11th Five Year Plan, the target for hydro power capacity addition was placed at 16.5 GW, which was almost half of the total installed capacity then.

However, the achievement, at around 5400 MW, was well short of the target.

The same trend of achievement falling short of target by far can be observed in the previous plan periods too.

Various factors such as environmental concerns, R&R issues, land acquisition problems, long clearance and approval procedures, capability of developers, etc. have contributed to the slow pace of hydropower development in the past. These issues have been compounded as hydropower development has largely remained under the ambit of state governments (water being a state-specific subject) with varying policies (e.g. upfront premium, royalty power, land acquisition policy, etc.) adopted by the states.

New horizon for the hydro power generation sector on cards with these new developments NHPC is gearing up to build India’s biggest hydro plant, a 3,000 MW project that is equivalent to about half its current total capacity and three times the size of its biggest unit, even as it brushes off concerns over competition from the private sector.

State-owned NHPC recently received approvals from the Forest Advisory Committee for Dibang hydel project in Arunachal Pradesh and plans to approach the Cabinet Committee for a final nod within a year.

It will execute the Dibang project in partnership with one of the PSUs and the state government at an investment of INR 15,000-16,000 crore. Due to its large scale, the per-MW project cost will be much less than the average of

INR 7-8 crore. NHPC will also execute the project faster as there are only a handful of families living at such high altitude and it will save time for their rehabilitation.

NHPC, which operates 6,500 MW of hydro power generation capacity, expects to build more plants as the Narendra Modi government pushes for faster clearances for infrastructure projects in a bid to boost the economy.

The share of hydro power in the country’s generation capacity has been declining as delayed environmental clearances and rehabilitation of displaced people stalled projects.

The private sector is in no position to challenge the state-owned company’s dominance in generating hydro power and cited the example of the Jaypee Group, which put its hydro projects on the block to reduce debt. Executives who left for highpaying jobs now want to come back as they see a future for hydro only in NHPC. The main concern is about delays in the 2,000 MW Subansiri project in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, which is being opposed by a section of affected locals.

Finance is not a challenge for NHPC since it has reserves to the tune of INR 16,000 crore and the company enjoys access to low-cost funds.

Exploring the existing Hydro Power Plant across the nation At a time when the hydropower sector has taken a beating in India, power major NTPC is planning to set up the country’s biggest hydel project in Arunchal Pradesh. The hydro power project at Siang will alone generate between 10,000 to 12,000 MW when completed, making it the largest hydroelectric dam in South Asia;and 27,000 MW when collaborated with other power companies.

Below are the 10 Largest Hydroelectric Dams in India in terms of Power Generation.

1.) The Tehri Dam – is the highest dam in ||www.electricalmirror.in||

Nathpa Jhakri Dam Turbines 6 × 250 MW Francis-type, Total capacity 1,500 MW India and tenth tallest dam in the world.

It is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam on the Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand, India.

The dam is a 260.5 metres (855 ft) high rock and earth-fill embankment dam.

Its length is 575 metres. Tehri Hydro Power Complex (2400 MW), comprises the following component:

surrounding mountains of the Western Ghats. A dam foot powerhouse also contributes to the electricity generation.

Tehri Dam & Hydro Power Plant (1000 MW)

Dam foot 2 x 20 MW = 40 MW

Koteshwar Hydro Electric Project (400 MW)

4th stage 4 x 250 MW = 1,000 MW

Tehri Pumped Storage Plant (PSP) (1000 MW) (Total capacity 2400 MW) 2.) The Koyna Hydroelectric Dam – is the second largest hydroelectric power plant of India. The total Installed capacity of the project is 1,960 MW. The project consists of 4 stages of power generation. All the generators are located in the underground Powerhouses excavated deep inside the ||www.electricalmirror.in||

Koyna Hydroelectric Project 1st stage 4 x 70 MW = 280 MW 2nd stage 4 x 80 MW = 320 MW

3rd stage 4 x 80 MW = 320 MW

Total capacity 1,960 MW 3.) The Srisailam Dam – is a dam constructed across the Krishna River at Srisailam in the Kurnool district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India and is the 3rd largest capacity hydroelectric project in the country with 1,670 MW generation of electricity.

Turbines left 6 × 150MW reversible Francis-type Turbines Right 7 × 110MW Francis type

Total capacity 1,670 MW 4.) The NathpaJhakri Dam – is a concrete gravity dam on the Satluj River in Himachal Pradesh, India. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and it supplies a 1,500 MW underground power station with water.

5.) The Sardar Sarovar Dam – is a gravity dam on the Narmada River near Navagam, Gujarat in India. It is the largest dam and part of the Narmada Valley Project, a large hydraulic engineering project involving the construction of a series of large irrigation and hydroelectric multipurpose dams on the Narmada River.

6.) The Bhakra-Nangal Dam – is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River, and is in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh in India. Its reservoir, known as the “GobindSagar”, stores up to 9.34 billion cubic metres of water, making it the second largest reservoir

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 93

Cover Story ranging from climate change and earthquakes to human displacement.

The study will also assess the environmental and social impact of river basin development.The last such survey was undertaken in 1978-87.

Bhakra-Nagal Dam Turbines 8 Units of 125 MW each Total capacity 1000 MW 8.) Nagarjuna Sagar Dam – is a masonry dam on the Krishna River at NagarjunaSagar in the border of Guntur and Nalgonda districts of Andhra Pradesh State, India. The construction duration of the dam was between the years of 1955 and 1967.

Turbines 1 x 110 MW Francis turbines, Turbines 7 x 100.8 MW reversible Francis Total capacity 816 MW in India, enough to drain the whole of Chandigarh, parts of Haryana, Punjab and Delhi.

9.) The Idukki Dam - located in Kerala, India, is a 168.91 m (554 ft) tall arch dam. The dam stands with a beautiful view between the two mountains – Kuravanmala and Kurathimala. It was constructed and is owned by the Kerala State Electricity Board. It supports a 780 MW hydroelectric power station in Moolamattom.

India is planning an exhaustive basin-wise study of the hydropower potential in the country after a gap of 28 years—an exercise to gather fresh data looking at energy security and factors

The Central Electricity Authority (CEA), India’s apex power-sector planning body, is leading the ambitious project, initiated in 2012, and plans to appoint a consultant for the work, amid concerns over climate change and its impact on rainfall and on river flow and its patterns, which in turn may have an impact on plans for hydropower generation.

This comes in the backdrop of widespread protests against hydropower projects from people who are at risk of being displaced by the projects.

Most of India’s hydropower potential falls in seismic zone 5, a region classified as highly vulnerable to high-intensity quakes. The exercise will also consider issues such as site geology, submergence and impact on environment and forests.

Hydropower projects come with their own set of problems. Their construction

Turbines 6 x 130 MW Pelton-type Total capacity 780 MW 10.) Hirakud Dam – is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. Behind the dam extends a lake, Hirakud Reservoir, 55 km long. It is one of the first major multipurpose river valley projects started after India’s independence.

Exhaustive basin-wise study of the hydropower potential in the country 94 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Hirakud Dam Turbines Power House I (Burla): 3 x 37.5 MW, 2 x 24 MW Kaplan-type Power House II (Chiplima): 3 x 24 MW Total capacity 307.5 MW

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requires specialized technology and design. They also have to deal with geological surprises such as earthquakes, floods and landslides.

Once a consultant is appointed, the exercise is expected to be completed in two-and-a-half years. India’s major river basins are the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus, central Indian river system, east-flowing river system and west-flowing river system. The exercise will involve preparing basin maps and longitudinal profiles of various rivers and their tributaries.

Hydropower potential assessed by only taking into account hydrology and geological factors has very little meaning and that reflects in poor actual implementation vis-à-vis potential.

Social impact, environmental impact, seismic conditions, etc., must be set as boundary condition, even for potential assessment.

The current exercise comes at a time when the share of hydropower in the country’s energy mix is decreasing.

India has a power-generation capacity of 267,637 megawatts (MW), of which 15.42% or 41,267.4MW comes from hydropower. India’s current hydropower-generation potential is estimated at 150,000MW from 845 projects. Also, another 94,000MW is estimated from pumped storage schemes.

state where it is being built, a detailed project report (DPR) is prepared and sent to the CEA for techno-economic approval. The DPR is also examined by the Central Water Commission (CWC) for hydrology design, safety and cost estimates. In addition, the DPR also needs to be approved by the Central Soil and Material Research Station (CSMRS) for construction material aspects and the Geological Survey of India (GSI) for geological aspects.

One of the difficulties with the hydropower sector has been the lack of availability of data. This review fills that gap and will be of tremendous use to planners and project developers.

Hydropower is extremely important and helps in meeting peak and intermediate demand.

This would facilitate structuring PPP (public-private partnerships) bids involving serious bidders, help bidders in getting financial closure and reduce implementation time of hydro projects, which currently averages more than a decade.

Concerns have been raised about faltering hydropower generation and delays in project execution. A majority

of India’s hydropower projects have been delayed, hampering the government’s efforts to increase power generation to meet galloping demand and boost economic growth.

Hydropower is the ideal solution for meeting peak demand as it is relatively easier to switch on and off, compared with coal-fuelled projects.

CEA has proposed the basin-wise study for all hydropower potential in the country. A lot has changed since the earlier estimates were made in terms of climate change and its impact on rainfall, river flow, patterns, etc. The process is on.

India has been hard-pressed to generate enough power to keep its economic engine running at a price that makes its manufacturing competitive. The National Democratic Alliance government is looking to supply adequate power at affordable prices and double electricity generation capacity to two trillion units by 2019.

Hopefully, these attempts would suffice to propel the future prospects of the domestic hydropower generation.

A proposal is with the power ministry.

A lot of changes have taken place from the time of the last such review. Additional hydrological and topological data is available. It is an exhaustive exercise. The objective is to capture more accurate details. Factors such as seismic data will definitely be kept in view while carrying out the review. Also, setting up a hydro power project is an exercise where inter disciplinary organizations are involved.

A number of government agencies are involved in the execution of hydropower projects.

After a firm secures a project from the

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Sardar Sarovar Dam Turbines: 6 x 200 MW Francis pump-turbine Canal: 5 x 50 MW Kaplan-type Total capacity 1,450 MW ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 95

P

FOCUS

ower Solution &

ower Factor Correction

A Review on Recent Advances in Single-Stage Power Factor Correction 1 INTRODUCTION It is well known that power supplies connected to AC mains introduce harmonic currents in the utility. Such harmonic currents cause several problems including voltage distortion, heating, radiated and conducted noises and can reduce the capability of the line to provide energy. As a result, national and international standards or recommendations have been adopted that make the use of power factor correction circuits in power supplies a necessity.

Unity power factor is not necessary to meet the regulations. For example, both IEEE 519 and IEC 1000-3- 2, allow the presence of harmonics in the line current. This fact has lead to the publication of a great number of papers in recent years, with solutions that range from a simple LC filter to the two-stage approach. The two-stage approach 96 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

to achieve power factor correction requires the presence of a PFC stage prior to the DC/DC regulation stage. An alternative solution to realize the goal was to integrate the active PFC stage with the isolated high quality output DC/DC stage into one stage, which is known as a single-stage converter with least components and simplest controller. Theoretically, changing the two-stage scheme to single-stage scheme can substantially alleviate the cost and complexity of Single-Stage (S2) PFC AC/DC.

Also, the single-stage PFC is attractive to low-power applications. Several existing review papers have been focused on the general PFC topics with some comparison. Other papers specialized in a single-stage configuration. In this paper, we present a general classification of the power factor correction approaches in term of their topological structures, followed by common control techniques. At the end, we emphasized the single-stage approach by highlighting its common drawbacks and recent solutions.

The question arises, why hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t such a concept been extensively adopted in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s power supply industry? Perhaps the answer is because there are still some existing technical challenges, with respect to the development of viable S2 PFC AC/DC converters. These challenges include high voltage and current stresses, and low efficiency, etc.

2. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER FACTOR CORRECTION APPROACHES The general approaches to improve power factor can be widely classifieds as passive and active approaches.

The passive approaches use capacitive inductive filters to achieve PCF, while the active approaches use a ||www.electricalmirror.in||

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 97

Focus : Power Factor Correction switched-mode power supply to shape the input current. These approaches are discussed briefly next.

2.1 Passive Approaches In the passive approaches, a full bridge rectifier with an LC filter is used to reduce the line current harmonic limits.

Generally the LC filter can be placed in either the AC-side or the DC-side of the rectifier as shown in Figure 1(a). Placing the LC filter in the AC-side will result in more pure sinusoidal input current.

Passive PFC can meet the regulation with high efficiency, superior reliability, low cost, and low EMI. On the other hand, the filter capacitor voltage varies with the line voltage, which has a detrimental effect on the performance and efficiency of the DC/DC converter.

When considering a hold-up time for the power supply, the bulk capacitance has to be increased and becomes very bulky compared to what it would be without this varying voltage. As a result, the passive approaches seem to be more attractive in low-power applications, up to 300Watts, and are more suitable for narrow line voltage range. Other drawbacks are the size and weight of the filter choke inductor.

However, the majority of power supplies manufactured in low-power and cost-sensitive applications have adopted the passive PFC approaches.

2.2 Active Approaches In active PFC approaches, a switched mode converter is employed to overcome the limitations of the passive approaches. Assuming unity power factor, the line current should be sinusoidal and in phase with the line voltage.

That will result in pulsating output power than contains â&#x20AC;&#x201D;in addition to the real (average power) â&#x20AC;&#x201D; an alternating component with double-line frequency. Since

the power demanded by most loads is constant, an energy storage element is needed. Since the inductor-stored energy cannot match this excessive energy, another storage component is needed. This storage capacitor is normally located between the two stages and should handle the double-line frequency ripple component, which make it bulky.

two-stage PFC shown in Figure 1(b).

2.2.1 Two-Stage PFC converter This configuration implies the use of two converters to achieve both power

This second, harmonic problem that presents itself on the output of the PCF stage cannot be internally solved. Usually, a compromise between PFC and output voltage ripple should be made, but most of the time this output voltage is not good enough to supply the load.

As a result, another DC/DC converter is needed, or what is so called post regulator, Fig 1: General Structures of the PFC Converters to solve this problem and achieve tight output regulation. factor correction and output regulation The result in the most powerful in addition to the rectification PFC configuration and is the active circuit and the input EMI filter. These

Performance Review Passive Scheme

Active Two- Stage

Active Single- Stage

THD

High

Low

Medium

Power Factor

Low

, High

Medium

Efficiency

High

Medium

Low

Size

Large

Medium

Medium-Small

Bulk-Cap Voltage

Variation

Constant

Variation

Control

Simple

Complex

Medium

Component Count

Least

Medium

Medium-Low

Power Range

< 300 W

Any

< 300 W

Design Difficulty

Low

Medium

High

98 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Table 1 Relative Performance Comparison of Three PFC Approaches ||www.electricalmirror.in||

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 99

Focus : Power Factor Correction converters are independent, which share the control circuit and can also means each one has its own switches share the switches in this configuration. and control circuit. The PFC converter The energy storage capacitor between performs the input current shaping the two stages serves as a buffer for using one of the popular converter frequency isolation and to provide the topologies (buck, boost, buck-boost, converter with the necessary hold up flypack, SEPIC, Cuk, ZETA) in addition to time. However, in single stage configone of the PFC controlling techniques. uration, the voltage across the storage The boost converter is widely used capacitor is not regulated, - because due to its advantages, which include the controller is used to regulate the goad power factor, grounded switch, output voltage. As a result, this voltage input inductor and simplicity. However, can vary greatly, usually between this PFC converter normally has a low bandwidth control, which implies a loosely regulated output voltage across the storage capacitor. In universal line voltage applications, the DC bus voltage may vary between 380-400V. Because of the relative high voltage on the storage capacitor, the value of the capacitance can be optimized to provide the necessary hold up time.

The DC/DC converter is connected to the storage capacitor to provide the necessary tight output voltage Fig.3: General Block Diagram of Active regulation with the appropriate Control Techniques gain and, most of the time, provides isolation.

130ÂŹ500V in universal line application.

2.2.2 Single-Stage PFC converter This will have a negative impact on the The single-stage PFC configuration design and cost of the PFC converter. came about to reduce the cost and 2.3 Approach Comparisons complexity of the two-stage structure, Generally, the passive approach should be considered in low power applications, especially when designing to meet the minimum regulation requirements with a narrow line voltage range. At Fig. 2: Classifications of Active PFC Control Techniques low power levels (<300W), the and it can be viewed more as a modifi- active single-stage approach offers cation on the two-stage PFC rather than a great advantage over the passive a class by itself. As can be seen from approaches due to its simple structure, Figure 1(c), the PFC and the DC/DC cell low cost, minimum weight and better 100 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

PFC performance.

Unity power factor and tight output regulation for any power range can be achieved through the two-stage active PFC. This structure can guarantee compliance with any regulation and is compatible with universal line voltage applications. Some negative factors of the two-stage scheme include cost, size, and sometimes its lower efficiency. Table 1 provides a general relative performance comparison for the passive and active single- and two-stage approaches. 3 PFC CONTROL TECHNIQUES We can classify the PFC control techniques into active control and automatic control of line current. Since the active control is mostly associated with the Continues Conduction Mode (CCM) of the inductor current, sometimes they refer to it as CCM shaping techniques. The automatic control, on the other hand, is used when the converter operates in Discontinues Conduction Mode (DCM); hence we can refer to it as a DCM shaping technique. In a two-stage active PFC converter, the DC/DC cell regulates the output voltage, while the PFC cell performs the current shaping using one of the techniques to be discussed next. In the single-stage configuration, there is one controller that should perform both tasks, and hence the automatic control is mostly adopted by single-stage PFC converter. Figure 2 shows the general classifications of the PFC control techniques. In general, active controllers are more efficient in achieving a pure sinusoidal input current with unity power factor. But on the other hand, they are more complex to implement and have a higher cost. The automatic control is simple and easy to implement, however it produces high peak current and large EMI. This limits the use of the automatic control to low- and medium-power applications.

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141013-ESTA-215.9x279.4.pdf 4 2014/10/16 14:41:21

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Focus : Power Factor Correction 3.1 Active Control (CCM) In active control techniques, the controller controls the PFC cell to work as a resistor emulator by sensing the line voltage, the line current; the output voltage then generate the command signal as shown in Figure 3.

If the command signal is programmed to command a current (i.e. the switch or inductor current), then we can refer to it as current mode control. The opposite is the voltage mode control when the command signal commands a voltage (that is related to the line current) to follow a certain shape.

3.11 Current Mode Control Since the primary goal of the PFC controller is to control the line current, current mode control is more effective in achieving the desired results. Many methods have been developed; the most popular among them is the average current control, where the average value of the line current over one or few switching periods is controlled to have a sinusoidal waveform that is in phase with the line voltage. Peak current control is another method, which is suitable for the boost topologies, where the peak value of the inductor current is commanded to shape the input line current. Peak current control is simpler to be implemented, and has good efficiency. On the other hand, it has higher current distortion and stress than average

(a) Boost-Flyback Combination Circuit (BIFRED) 102 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

(b) Boost-Buck Combination Circuit (BIBBED) Fig.4: Single-Stage Single-Switch Power Factor Correction Circuits current control.

Another current mode control method that uses variable switching frequency is the Hysteresis control. Unlike the constant ON and OFF time peak current control, hysteresis control uses two current commands to limit both the minimum and maximum value of the input current. The hysteresis control is simple to implement, has enhanced

system stability, and increased reliability and response time. However, it has the penalty of wide variation of the switching frequency that makes the design of the EMI filter harder.

3.1.2 Voltage Mode Control Voltage mode control is used when the converter is voltage driven, such as the case in the buck converter. It

Fig.6: Circuit Schematic of the Two-Storage Capacitor Converter

can be shown that we can control the line current to be in phase with the line voltage by controlling the voltage of the input capacitor or the voltage of the input inductor. Normally, we refer to the voltage mode control as a Capacitor voltage control when we control the capacitor voltage by a sinusoidal command signal to indirectly adjust the line current to be in phase with the line voltage. In order to generate the command signal, the controller has to detect the phase shift, which is ||www.electricalmirror.in||

for PFC converters, the cost-effective single-stage PFC AC/DC conversion is one of the top priority research areas in Power Electronics. This section addresses the major technical issues in a single-stage PFC converter and some of the effective solutions.

Fig. 8: Block Diagram for the Parallel PFC Scheme

A number of combinations have been studied by the recent researchers to integrate the two-stage converter into a single-stage converter. The DCM input technique has been widely used in single-stage PFC circuits.

Using the basic converter, topologies (usually boost or flyback converter)

an accepted amount of harmonics distortions, such as the boost converter. In automatic control, the main goal is to keep the duty ratio constant (very small variation) then the peak inductor current will follow the line voltage when operating in DCM. The control loop will not 3.2 Automatic Control (DCM) need any feed forward loops. It is to be noted that as a Fig.9: Flyboost PFC Cell result of the shape of the input current a operate in DCM combination with filtering circuit is another isolation converter to form needed in front the converter. A storage capacitor of the converter is generally required to hold the DC to smooth the bus voltage. Unlike the two-stage pulsating current. PFC circuit, in which the bus voltage Fig.7: Two-Storage Capacitor Converter with ZVT Also, since the is controlled, the single-stage PFC inductor current converter has only one feedback loop The automatic control approach will operate in DCM, it cannot store from the output. The input circuit and resulted in the reduced cost and any energy. This is because all the the output circuit must share the same energy complexity of the active approaches. stored should be released Unlike active approaches, the automatic control is valid only when by the end of switching the PFC converter works in the DCM. the Automatic control can be used with cycle, and a bulk two-stage or single-stage PFC stage, capacitor should when the front-end cell has a constant be used. input port-resistance under variable 4 ADVANCES input voltage and constant output IN SINGLEvoltage. Examples of such topolSTAGE PFC ogies are buck-boost, Cuk and SEPIC CONVERTERS converters when operated in DCM. Other converters can also be used With the increasing to produce high power factor with dollar market (a) Flyboost-Parallel/Series Forward Single-Stage PFC Converter not a simple task. Also the capacitor voltage control is very sensitive to parameter variation and perturbations.

To overcome this difficulty, inductor voltage control was invented, which is simpler in implementation and more effective in keep the line voltage and current in phase.

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 103

Focus : Power Factor Correction

(b) Modified BIFRED Converter

(c) Asymmetric Half Bridge Soft-Switching PFC Converter

Fig.10: Several Single –Stage PFC Converter with Direct Energy Transfer

control signal. Figure 4 shows two examples of well-known two-stage PFC circuits. Since the input circuit and the output circuit are in a single-stage, it is possible for them to share the same power switch. Thus, it results in singlestage, single-switch power factor correction (S4-PFC) circuit.

However, most of the proposed topologies were especially attractive in low power applications, and the following drawbacks still exist: • Under high current and low duty ratio condition, the bulk capacitor voltage is high. As a result, high rating capacitor and switch devices must be used, which will result in increased costs.

• Because it is a DCM-CCM type, the bulk storage capacitor voltage is a function of the load, resulting in wide capacitor voltage variation and a difficulty in designing for universal input applications.

• High current stress is due to the DCM operation. The PFC stage normally operates in DCM mode to utilize its inherent current shaping.

Current stress not only accompanies increased switching losses and lower efficiency, but also EMI issues.

104 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

• The unavoidable leakage inductance of the power transformer produces high voltage spikes at switching instances, resulting in decreased efficiency.

In order to improve the performance of the single-stage PFC converters, many techniques were developed to overcome some of the disadvantages mentioned above. The two capacitors topology shown in Figure 6 came to enhance the PFC capability of the boost circuit and to relieve the voltage spikes produced by the power transformer. The voltage across the storage capacitors is kept at low levels.

Soft-switching techniques were introduced to the single-stage PFC converters in an attempt to enhance the power density and efficiency. In Figure 7, an auxiliary branch was added in parallel to the power switch of Figure 6 to achieve Zero Voltage Transition (ZVT) at the turn ON. In a ZVT circuit, an auxiliary switch needs to be turned ON for a short time before turning the main switch ON. In this topology, the resonant inductor was coupled with the power transformer to eliminate circulating energy.

With all the attempts to improve the single-stage PFC converter’s efficiency,

its performance still cannot compete with the two-stage scheme because of the high voltage and current ratings. It was noticed that one of the common characteristics in the conventional single-stage PFC topologies is that there is only one power flow path. As shown in Figure 9, the flyboost PFC cell consists of a boost converter with an additional winding to the output. It is clear that the efficiency of this method is higher than the conventional method. And the current stress is also reduced since the power processed in the DC/DC cell is reduced. In addition, when instantaneous input voltage goes higher, and IVi,(t)1 is higher than Vbus - niVo, the voltage across transformer T1 primary winding is clamped to Vb15-11401 (n1 is the turn ratio of TO. Figure 10(a) shows a successful implementation of the flyboost cell .

Despite the advantage of calming the bus voltage, for universal input voltage application, this voltage is still high for the bulk capacitor. The peak value of the maximum universal input voltage is 375V. Normally, niVo will be chosen to be equal to the peak value of the minimum input voltage, which is about 120V. Then the intermediate bus voltage will be around 495V, and the minimum voltage requirement for

||www.electricalmirror.in||

the intermediate bus capacitor is about 500V. Unfortunately, the maximum voltage of an economical bulk capacitor available in today’s market is only 450VDC and two capacitors connected in a series are necessary for that case. The topology in Figure 10 (b) came with an optimum solution for universal input applications.

As an attempt to enhance the power handling capabilities of the single-stage converter, the Asymmetric Half-Bridge configuration (AHBC) was used in the DC/ DC stage as shown in Figure 10(c). It is distinct from other soft-switching converters by its inherent Zero¬Voltage-Switching (ZVS) capabilities, where ZVS can be achieved for both switches by allowing the leakage inductor of the main transformer to resonate with the switch parasitic capacitances. On the other hand, while the converter is able to handle high power, it was found that it is not suitable for wide input range.

Dr. L.Ashok Kumar has completed his B.E., ME., MBA., PhD). He has both teaching and industrial experience of 17 years. At present he is working as a Professor in the Dept. of EEE, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore. He has got 16 research projects from various Government funding agencies. He has published 75 Technical papers in reputed National and International Journals and presented 71 technical articles in International and National Conferences. He is a recipient of many National and International Awards. He is a member of various National & International Technical bodies like ISTE, IETE, TSI, BMSI, ISSS, SESI, SSI CSI & TAI.

5 . CONCLUSION A review of common power factor correction techniques is given in this paper. In low power applications and especially when designing to meet the minimum regulation requirements with a narrow line voltage range, the passive approach appears to be a strong candidate.

Unity power factor and tight output regulation for any power range can be achieved through the two-stage active PFC. For low to medium power levels (<300W), the active singlestage offers a great advantage over the passive approaches due to its simple structure, low cost, minimum weight and better PFC performance.

Depending on the specific applications, an engineering decision should be made whether to use the singlestage or the two-stage approach in this power range. The decision should be made in terms of cost and performance tradeoffs. While there are many issues that still need to be addressed when designing the single-stage PFC converter, it has potential in new market trends. ||www.electricalmirror.in||

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 105

c ompany Profile Power Quality and Design of Reactive Power Compensation Systems from NEPTUNE

P

ower Factor Correction or Reactive Power Compenation forms a small but very important part of Electrical scheme of any Electrical network which source its supply from electrical utility company.

It’s inadequacy in any form can result in power losses, voltage drop, increase in peak demand, untilized transformer and cable capacity. Moreover with most of the electricity companies billing in KVAH units, there is direct losses in terms of higher units if power factor of installation is maintained below unity.

Most common method of improving power factor is to install Power Capacitor Banks at load side or mains.

The Power Factor shall be improved but depending on the type and characteristics of load the system if not designed properly can interact with network to generate resonance condition and other negative impacts. Therefore it is imperative to follow certain guidelines for design of Power Factor Correction System to prevent resonance condition in order to avoid operational problems and damage to capacitors.

Power Quality and its importance Poor Power Quality particularly high harmonic distortions can lead to resonance condition leading to operational problems and subsequent operating losses. Some of the conse-

106 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

quences can be • Breaker Tripping, Burning & Blowing Frequent Equipment Failures, Failure in Electronic Equipment, Software Glitches • High KVA Demand, Poor Power Factor, Operational Problem in DG supply on Change Over • Burning or Overheating of Capacitors, Transformers / Wires / Cables / Busbar and Switchgear component There has been much discussion and interest in recent years on thesubject of Power Quality particularly Harmonics under ambit of network power quality. More and more frequently, industrial and commercial users are finding that they have to deal with the problem of “polluted power”. Many seminars and awareness programs have been conducted to effectively deal with problems of harmonics.

It is very common to hear about Capacitor Explosions, Switchgear Burning and Tripping and problems because of Voltage Transients in Electrical Power Industry.

significance to understand network power quality profile and negative impact they can have on network.

NEPTUNE offer high quality Power Quality Studies for short durations, 24 hours to many days by high end waveform and PQ recorders so that to comprehensively understand harmonics, voltage flicker, Voltage fluctuation (Sags & Spikes), power factor issues during various load cycles of plant / office and their impact.

Hybrid Power Conditioning Equipment in Combination of RTPFC and Active Harmonic Filtr

Lot has been done but still there are gaps in knowledge of Harmonics in network and methods to effectively deal with them. It has to be understood that Power Quality and Harmonics is one area of expertise within electrical discipline. Like other areas of Power Distribution,Lighting etc, the area also needs to be take care off while designing the electrical layout and Reactive Power Compensation System. In existing system Power Quality Studies assume great

Importance of suitable design of Power Factor Correction Systems Many consumers are not aware that Power Factor Correction system if not designed as per load characteristics, can itself result and become a cause for major operational problem in the network. Some of the issues can be : a) Enhanced harmonic distortion leading to resonance condition. b) Increased losses due to over or under compensation because of mismatch in load variation and response time of Power Factor Correction System. c) Increased

switching

transients

||www.electricalmirror.in||

due to more no. of steps switched through Contactors. d) Operational problems, blowing of capacitor bank and other network loads due to harmonic resonance. e) Lot of power quality issues in network becomes visible after installation of inadequately designed PFC System.

feeders where compensation is possible.

2) Identifying balanced and unbalanced load condition in network.

3) Type and amplitude of harmonic distortion with individual harmonic content.

Based on these inputs NEPTUNE offers Intelligent PFC Systems The above issues may with appronot directly suggest that priate Detuning / PF system is responTuning Reactors sible but the fact of the switched through matter is that wrongly Contactors or Real designed Power Factor Time Thyristor Correction system is one Thyristor Switched Real Time based switching.

PFC System with Detuned or of the major cause of Possibility of Hybrid Tuned Harmonic Reactor operational problems in System is also worked electrical network. out which is combination of Contactor based and Real NEPTUNE with experience of last more Time TSM based. than 20 years and with installation Balanced or Unbalbase of more than 20000 systems anced (Phase to all over India and abroad offer their Phase) Compenexpertise in designing, supplying and sation Systems installation of high quality Intelligent are offered as per Power Factor Correction and Harmonic type of loads.

Filtration systems. These systems are designed on the basis of Power Quality Addition to PFC Studies and analysis using advanced if harmonic simulation tools. Further information is mitigation is also collected from customer or project required combiconsultant. Some of these are : nation of P.F. Correction plus Active Filter is offered again in hybrid model.

The systems are intelligent with GSM modem, data logging and various commuPower Quality Studies nication options for reporting and 1) Characteristics and switching time analysis. / variation frequency of major loads in the network along with the Rating With above of Main Transformer and major load what we achieve

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for customer is a perfect and most optimized Power Factor Control. This results in enhancing power quality of network thus bringing savings to customer along with minimizing lot of operational problems.

Customized Designing of Power Factor Correction and Harmonic Filtration

Real Time PFC Components

Equipment as per Customer Load Profile

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 107

FOCUS

Renewable Energy Renewable energy: The India chapter!

R

enewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

India was the first country in the world to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources, in early 1980s.

India’s cumulative grid interactive or grid tied renewable energy capacity (excluding large hydro) has reached 33.8 GW, of which 66% comes from wind, while solar PV contributed nearly 4.59% along with biomass and small hydro power of the renewable energy installed capacity in India.

The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world.As of December 2013 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 20149.50 MW, mainly spread across Tamil Nadu (7162.18 MW),

108 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Maharashtra (3021.85 MW), Gujarat (3174.58 MW), Karnataka (2135.50 MW), Rajasthan (2684.65 MW), Madhya Pradesh (386.00 MW), Andhra Pradesh (447.65 MW), Kerala (35.10 MW), West Bengal (1.10 MW), other states (3.20 MW). It is estimated that 6,000 MW of additional wind power capacity will be installed in India by 2012. Wind power accounts for 6% of India’s total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country’s power. In its 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017), the Indian Government has set a target of adding 18.5 GW of renewable energy sources to the generation mix out of which 11 GW is Wind Energy.Indian Wind Energy Alliance (IWEA) is the apex body for the wind energy industry in India. It was launched in December 2014.

India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Much of the country does not have an electrical grid, so one of the first applications of solar power has been for water pumping, to begin replacing India’s

four to five million diesel powered water pumps, each consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting.

Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km² area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 gigawatts.

The Indian Solar Loan Programme, supported by the United Nations Environment Programme has won the prestigious Energy Globe World award for Sustainability for helping to establish a consumer financing program for solar home power systems.

Over the span of three years more than 16,000 solar home systems have been financed through 2,000 bank branches, particularly in rural areas of South India where the electricity grid does not yet extend.

Launched in 2003, the Indian Solar Loan Programme was a four-year partnership between UNEP, the UNEP Risoe Centre, and two of India’s largest banks, the Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank. ||www.electricalmirror.in||

Ultra-compact and universal VLF High Voltage Test Set with integrated TD Diagnostics Short Facts

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 109

Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW grid-based solar power, 2,000 MW of off-grid solar power and cover 20 million sq metres with collectors by the end of the final phase of the mission in 2020. The Mission aims to achieve grid parity (electricity delivered at the same cost and quality as that delivered on the grid) by 2020.

Achieving this target would establish India as a global leader in solar power generation.

Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association (IEEMA) Plays a major role in Renewable Energy.

Every year, about 55 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) and 38 billion litres of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries.

Waste generation in India is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of approximately 1-1.33% annually.

This has significant impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.

Waste Energy inIndia India has had a long involvement with anaerobic digestion and biogas technologies. Waste water treatment plants in the country have been established which produce renewable energy from sewage gas, however there is significant un-tapped potential. Also wastes from the distillery sector are on some sites converted into biogas to run in a gas engine to generate onsite power.

Types of Waste can be broadly classified into

110 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

• Urban Waste • Industrial waste • Biomass Waste • Biomedical waste

Prominent companies in the Waste to Energy sector • A2Z Group of companies • Hanjer Biotech Energies • Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd • Hitachi Zosen India Pvt imited • Clarke Energy The installed capacity of renewable energy has touched 32,269.6 Mw or 12.95% of the total potential available in the country, as on March 31, 2014.

With this, the renewable energy, including large hydro electricity, constitutes 28.8% of the overall installed capacity in India.

According to the India Renewable Energy Status Report 2014 released at the ongoing Green Summit 2014 in Bangalore on Thursday, the total renewable energy potential from various sources in India is 2,49,188 Mw. The untapped market potential for overall renewable energy in India is 2,16,918.39 Mw that shows huge growth potential for renewable energy in India.

The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India has set a target of achieving overall renewable energy installed capacity of 41,400 Mw by 2017. This creates an opportunity worth $10.51 billion for the renewable market in India till 2017.

India has the world’s fifth-largest electricity generation capacity, which currently stands at 243 Gw. The power sector in India is highly diverse with varied commercial sources for power generation like coal, natural gas, hydro, oil and nuclear as well as unconventional sources of energy like solar, wind, bio-gas and agriculture. The demand for power has been growing at a rapid rate and overtaken the supply, leading to power shortages in spite of manifold growth in power generation over the years, the Report said.

Focused efforts are going to bridge this demand-supply gap by way of policy reforms, participation from private sector and development of the Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPP).

The power sector offers tremendous opportunities for investing companies due to the huge size of the market, growth potential and returns available on capital. Industrialization, urbanization, population growth, economic growth, improvement in per capita consumption of electricity, depletion of coal reserve, increasing import of coal, crude oil and other energy sources and the rising concern over climate change have put India in a critical position.

The government has to take a tough stance between balancing economic development and environmental sustainability. One of the primary challenges for India would be to alter its existing energy mix, which is dominated by coal, to a larger share of cleaner and sustainable sources of energy, the Report said.

The latest sign of newest investment in the sector of Indian renewable energy is a project of a whopping USD20 billion joint venture. This is the result of Prime Minister Narendra Modi aggressively attempting to boost output.

SoftBank, Bharti Enterprises and Taiwan’s Foxconn Technology recently announced the creation of a joint venture firm called SBG Cleantech to develop alternative energy plants across India.

The move comes after India’s cabinet approved a drastic increase in capacity targets. By 2022, Modi wants solar capacity at 100 gigawatts (GW), a fivefold increase from the previous target of 20GW. That averages to around 14GW a year, more than the amount of solar power added in the U.S. and China last year.

While the government has yet to explain how it plans to achieve such ambitious targets, overseas investment is expected to play an essential role.

India’s solar industry is expected to grow by 250 percent this year, putting the country on track to overtake Germany and enter the top five solar ||www.electricalmirror.in||

markets globally in the next three years, according to solar intelligence firm Bridge to India.

Given its vast population, high irradiation, growing energy demand and power deficit, limited access to fossil fuels and a large number of unlit villages, India has great potential to be a major solar market. A series of domestic policy announcements like mandatory solar rooftops on buildings and the construction of solar parks also paint a favorable outlook, signaling the extent of Modi’s commitment.

meanwhile, will supply the needed wind turbines and, potentially, provide full engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) services. Gamesa will also operate and maintain the assets under long-term agreements.

wind power capacity developed with Gamesa to its yieldco vehicle TerraForm upon completion. SunEdison will also buy additional Gamesa turbines based on the amount of MWs co-developed under the scope of the JV.

By partnering with Gamesa, they are particularly well positioned to capture the opportunity in India and Mexico, two regions where SunEdison already has a strong solar presence.

The US-based SunEdison and First Solar on Sunday committed to build more than 20,000 megawatts of clean energy capacity in India by 2022, a boost for Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s efforts to meet ambitious renewable targets.

The US company’s plan is to transfer the

Challenges at hand Despite the near-frenzied level of interest in the sector, India has made slow progress, with only 4GW of solar power capacity installed since September 2013, noted IHS’ Hu. In contrast, China added 5GW of solar power in the first three months of this year, according to government figures.

To achieve its capacity targets, New Delhi must ease land acquisition requirements, lower costs of financing and enforce long-term policies that can attract consistent investments, Deutsche Bank noted in a report earlier this year.

Recent announcements from private companies coupled with talk of further cooperation with the U.S. and local policy announcements support our view that India is beginning to ramp installations and could become one of the top markets in the world.

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Gamesa (BME:GAM) and SunEdison Inc (NYSE:SUNE) plan to form a 50/50 joint venture (JV) to develop up to 1 GW of wind projects by 2018 with a focus on India and Mexico.

The Spanish wind turbine maker announced on Thursday it had inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the US renewables major and said the definitive agreements for the JV creation were to be signed by the end of this year.

The projects to be co-developed by the two firms will come from Gamesa’s global pipeline. SunEdison will acquire them once they are ready for construction and take care of the financing. The Spanish company, ||www.electricalmirror.in||

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 111

Face to Face

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“

At IEX, we would continue striving to provide an efficient and competitive platform to facilitate our stakeholders meet their energy needs in the most cost effective and reliable way

Rajesh Mediratta- Director, Business Development- Indian Energy Exchange Pvt Ltd.

Q

The short term market witnessed slow growth in fiscal 2015, most of the states still have energy and peak deficit.

How was IEX’s performance during this slowdown?

In Fiscal’15, the short-term market witnessed trade of about 99 BUs, almost 5.7% less from 105 BUs traded in last fiscal. In other words, Long Term markets have grown. Reasons for higher LT market volume were: higher coal availability for PPA based plants, more capacity addition (22.6 GW), e-auction of coal, transmission congestion across West-South and East-South corridors. Higher capacity addition has made more States either adequate in terms of supply or in some cases surplus. Therefore, seasonal deficits have reduced and there is less requirement for trading in short term.

Among all segments within short term market, UI declined as expected due to tighter UI regulations issued in February, 2014. Bilateral transactions through traders also declined from 35.7 BUs to 35.5 BUs. Only sub-segment of Short Term market that increased was direct bilateral transactions between Discoms also known as banking. IEX volumes also declined marginally due to above reasons. Key reason for the

112 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

sharp reduction was lower transmission corridor availability. Had transmission been available, 3 BUs more would have been traded.

Q

The Government has promised to provide 24x7electricity to the nation but still the State Utilities are not buying electricity to meet the demand. So how the government can achieve the announced target of supplying 24x7 electricity?

Today, people across India are facing hours of power cuts due to load shedding by the distribution utilities.

One would say that there is inadequate generation capacity due to which load shedding is being resorted to. However, actually this is not the case. As of March’15, our total installed capacity was 272 GW while the peak demand for say the month of May’15 was only 144 GW, just half of the total installed capacity. Therefore, the issue is not of generation capacity, but the inability of the cash strapped distribution utilities (Discoms) to purchase adequate power in order to serve the needs of their consumers.

In order to deliver the promise of 24X7 electricity supply, the government must ensure that the Discoms are financially viable to be in a position to

procure adequate power in order to meet the demand from the consumer.

Loss reduction should be the top priority so as to make the distribution companies financially viable. Reducing average country level AT&C losses from 25% to 15% can reduce the average tariff and will allow distribution companies to earn more and invest in infrastructure i.e. distribution and transmission networks.

It is also important to focus on how the Discoms procure power. Power procurement constitutes about 80-85% of total revenue requirement of Discoms. It is important for Discoms to first tie-up under long-term and despatch them in the most efficient manner. For efficient despatching, the distribution utility should make a true merit order stack for its power procurement. For example, a State has daily energy requirement and generating stations of the state declare capacity availability for the next day.

Then, the discom can optimize its power procurement to derive the least cost option. The discom can track the prevailing clearing prices of IEX throughout the day and the generating plants with energy charge greater than the price at IEX, can be substituted with power purchased through exchange.

This above strategy would help the ||www.electricalmirror.in||

utilities massively to bring down the cost of procurement, which is very important since discoms are incurring heavy debts.

Q

The plant load factor is going down so the generation plants would operate at low level. How will it affect the power supply in the country?

In FY’15, the generation capacity stepped up significantly with record capacity addition of 22,566 MW. However, the PLF of thermal units was only at 65%, the lowest ever in the last 15 years. Though overall consumption

by Discoms has increased, but still there is gap between demand and supply. The inability of Discoms to buy power due to their financial constraints as well as poor distribution network to meet full demand has led to the low PLF across thermal power plants. While fuel constraints have eased off-late, however, financially strapped Discoms continue to shy away from buying enough power to meet demand. In lthe last 5 years, we have added more than 70 GW whereas demand growth is only 44 GW. This has created a surplus of sorts for most part of the year. Though there are peak shortages which may occur for only few hours in a few days of the year.

In our view, with the commitment to deliver 24X7 power, PLF of the generating plants will go up. The regulators and distribution companies must work together to reduce the power procurement cost. Along with this, the financial restructuring of distribution companies which is creating drag on the entire value chain needs to be focused upon in a significant way. Discoms must procure power to meet demand rather than resorting to load shedding. There is ample power available in the short-term market at low cost. Therefore, the power procurement by Discoms should be on the basis of merit order stack where ||www.electricalmirror.in||

short-term markets/power exchanges are included while preparing the merit order and planning schedule.

the open access charges, thereby making open access an economically unviable proposition for consumers. One solution to this problem is the adoption of the National Open Access Registry (NOAR), an automated electronic platform to secure the No Objection Certificates from the SLDCs and give real time information on transmission corridor availability, will go a long way in removing various operational and procedural issues involved in availing open access.

Also, we need to equip the SLDCs by using revenue accrued to SLDC from OA consumers for Infrastructure development, automation, capacity and capability building.

Q

Share your views about the current scenario of power market in India.

What are the major challenges in the industry and according to you what should be done in order to get over from these challenges?

In fiscal 2015, the short term markets shrunk from 10.9% to 9.5% of the total generation in the country(1045 BUs). The share of UI Market also reduced from 2.2% to 1.9%. Out of all the segments, the volume of power exchanges shrunk marginally by 5.2% and on an average, constituted 2.7% (28 BUs) of the total trade in the short term market this fiscal. In our view, more emphasis needs to be given to the short-term market as true competition in the sector lies in the short-term market.

Going forward, we need to strengthen the existing framework as well as introduce new products, so as to build a robust power market.

The major challenges being faced by the market today are as below:

• Shift in policies from Long-term to Short-Term Markets: With increasing focus on competition and its resultant benefits, government policies should not hinder growth in the Short-term markets. Current regulations allow development of transmission networks only for long term transactions. Similarly, coal linkage is only for plants having long term PPAs.

Both the above policies need review.

A part of network capacity should be kept for the short-term markets as is provided in the Gas sector. Similarly, coal linkages should be allowed for any power project irrespective of its PPA as the prices today in the Short-term market are lower than those of the Medium-term or Long-term Markets.

• Open Access in States: Open Access related issues are plaguing the power market today. In fiscal’15, Maharashtra notified the MERC Open Access Regulations, 2014, restraining consumers from availing open access on a day-ahead basis on power exchanges. Gujarat also continues to constrain the issuance of No Objection Certificates (NOC) to • Inter-State Transmission corridor unavailability is another area of open access consumers in the State. concern. In fiscal 15 alone, IEX lost a Other States like Madhya Pradesh, H imachal Financial MCV Cleared Volume lost due to P r a d e s h , Year (BU) Volume (BU) Congestion (BU) Daman & Diu 31.2 28.1 3.1 and Dadar- 2014-2015 28.9 5.3 Nagar Haveli 2013-2014 34.2 etc. have signifiSource: IEX Data cantly increased ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 113

Face to Face absolving counter party risk and the extension of these Exchanges beyond the Indian borders to facilitate electricity trade with neighbouring countries will provide a fair, neutral and robust price discovery platform and create an orderly market place for all the buyers and sellers in South Asia.

If all the above developments are undertaken, it is certain that the Indian Power Market would reach new heights in the time to come and the dream of 24X7 power for all will soon become a reality.

Q

What are your expectations for the Power market of India in the coming year?

total of 3.1 BUs due to transmission congestion, about 40% less than the volume lost in the last fiscal.

However, State Utilities need to invest in the intra-state transmission systems with utmost priority. We need significant investment in building transmission highways that can transport power from the generation centres to load centres.

• Poor financial health of State Discoms also requires immediate attention. The State Government and Discoms need to implement distribution reforms in an effective way. This can be achieved if power procurement is done on the basis of merit order stack where short-term markets/power exchanges are ranked higher and hence Discoms can reduce the price of power by purchasing competitive power from the Short-Term Market.

• Also, as of today, the power exchanges are not able to offer any contract for delivery beyond 11 days and are also unable to introduce derivatives. Introduction 114 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

of forwards/futures market on the Exchanges will go a long way in further development of power markets.

• With increasing variability in the grid leading to the problem of maintaining frequency between the specified limits, grid stability has become a key concern. Therefore, it is essential to develop an ancillary services market for improving the reliability and security of the grid, by providing Frequency Support Ancillary Services. Power Exchanges will play a big role in these markets and as per the Staff Paper on Ancillary Services market floated

by CERC, Exchanges will provide a platform for the generator to bid and compete for providing these services to the system operator.

• Moreover, the Indian power system constitutes more than 90% of operating resources in South Asia and therefore, is pivotal to the South Asian regional electricity market.

Power Exchanges are already aiding in robust price discovery and

With the new government aspiring to supply power on 24x7 basis, we envision the short-term market to definitely grow fast and reach new heights.

At IEX, we would continue striving to provide an efficient and competitive platform to facilitate our stakeholders meet their energy needs in the most cost effective and reliable way.

Going forward, we endeavor to work towards the following initiatives: • Introduce round-the-clock market with new contracts in Intraday and Day-Ahead Contingency segments.

• Alleviate inter-state congestion.

transmission

• Facilitate introduction of National Open Access Registry.

• Facilitate cross-border electricity trade with neighbouring countries in order to expand the power market and facilitate optimal utilization of resources.

||www.electricalmirror.in||

AZINDIA2015_Electrical Mirror_180x250_Layout 1 21.04.15 11:27 Seite 1

India's Largest Exhibition and Conference for the Solar Industry Bombay Exhibition Centre, Hall 1 Mumbai Intersolar India is your gateway to one of the most promising solar markets in the world!

Network with over 9,500 potential business contacts from the Indian solar industry Stay up to date with the latest trends and technological developments Boost your brand visibility with an established B2B event

with special exhibition

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 115

Face to Face

“

“

We feel by collaborating with leading technology providers and leveraging proven expertise from some of the best brains in the industry, Vikram Solar will be able to reinforce its positioning as a technologically advanced PV manufacturer

Ivan Saha - President & Chief Technical Officer - Vikram Solar Pvt. Ltd.

Q

Could you please give a brief about Vikram Solar to our readers?

Vikram Solar is a globally recognized leading solar energy solutions provider, specializing in high efficiency PV module manufacturing and comprehensive EPC solutions. With international presence in more than 32 countries, we are an active contributor in shaping the solar revolution across continents.

“

A fully forward- integrated Solar EPC contractor, we deploy world- class technology to designed, install and commission benchmark solar projects worldwide

“

Carrying forward the rich legacy and extensive manufacturing experience of the Vikram Group, Vikram Solar, since 2006, is building on a 4 decade old success story. We have been success116 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

fully able to demonstrate our capability even before the solar sector witnessed active growth and development in India.

As a Tier 1 PV module manufacturer (Bloomberg ranking), our products are designed to the highest standards of quality, reliability and performance.

Our in-house research and development efforts help us in being ahead of the curve in the ever evolving solar technology space. Vikram Solar conducts research study programmes with leading laboratories across the globe.

A fully forward- integrated Solar EPC contractor, we deploy world- class technology to designed, install and commission benchmark solar projects worldwide.

Q

Tell us about the manufacturing capabilities & capabilities of Vikram solar and share your expansion plans.

Vikram Solar’s current annual PV module production capacity of 200 MW is being upgraded to reach the 500 MW mark by August 2015 and will be further expanded to 1.2 GW by 2018. In line with our company’s focus on adopting pioneering and innovative technologies, our manufacturing facility has the finest machinery

and equipment imported from United States, Germany and Japan.

In addition to the above, we are also carrying out plans to install a 100 MW multi crystalline solar cell manufacturing line by end of 2016 to have better technological control over the value chain which in turn will result in better cost control for the entire product.

Q

How do you see the current scenario for Solar photovoltaic in India and what kind of opportunities you are expecting from the upcoming years?

We know that Indian solar market is growing at an impressive rate and there will be sufficient opportunities for all players. We believe that India can attain at least 10 GW of rooftop solar capacity by 2019 and then further growth can be expected in line with the set target of 40 GW by 2022. Once open access challenges and grid issues are resolved, India should be able to establish even higher rooftop capacities by 2022. In terms of grid connected solar, Vikram Solar has a distinguished presence in Indian projects with highest yielding power plant in Konark Gujarat & largest installed domestic module share in 2013-14. ||www.electricalmirror.in||

As far as the future of solar sector of India is concerned, we feel the biggest challenge is to have a general conducive environment for solar in the country - financial incentives, regulatory framework, technological expertise,least-cost business modelsand uniform policy. There is a solar capacity target of 100 GW by 2022 set by the Central Government.The solar industry is going through a transformation phase and every month, one state or the other is coming up with their regulatory policies. Proper funding & allocation of financial resources are absolute necessary.

In addition to it, reducing project completion time, setting up proper infrastructure, special incentives for solar energy projects, prompt and fast land allotment, separate capital subsidy over and above central subsidy on the project cost for grid tied, off grid & roof-top solar systems is also very much needed.It is encouraging that 14nos. of state policies along with 19nos. of regulations from the SERC have been notified in the country already.

Q

Vikram Solar manufactures mono crystalline and multi crystalline solar PV modules, what is the current status of these PV modules in India?

What more should be needed in order to popularize them?

Vikram Solar manufacturers both mono and multi crystalline solar PV modules, however the majority of module production at Vikram is with multi crystalline technology aligning with the market trends. The PV market in India has adapted the multi crystalline technology more than mono crystalline . However, within the multi crystalline technologies, newer technologies ||www.electricalmirror.in||

such as PERC is seeing the light of the day which can produce >17% module efficiency as compared with 15% as in the case with multi crystalline.

For technologies such as PERC to be cost advantageous, the economies of scale needs to be achieved through government rooftop policies , etc.

Q

Vikram Solar associates with European firms for solar production, highlight us about this.

Vikram Solar has begun three new collaborations with leading international research institutes and technology companies from Germany and Switzerland. The partnerships are intended to further optimize the module production technology at Vikram Solar and make preparations for cell manufacturing in the company.

MoUs were signed to this effect with Fraunhofer ISE and the companies Meyer Burger and Centrotherm photovoltaics.

We feel by collaborating with leading technology providers and leveraging proven expertise from some of the best brains in the industry, Vikram Solar will be able to reinforce its positioning as a

“

Vikram Solar is determined to be a market leader in the solar energy segment bringing energy closer to the people of India and other parts of the world

“

Q

According to you what is the biggest challenge in the Indian market and how do you cope up with them?

technologically advanced PV manufacturer. And we believe that this will add tremendous value for our global customers, resulting in unmatched

product quality at very competitive costs.

Fraunhofer ISE will assist Vikram Solar with the research and development of industrial scale crystalline silicon solar cell and module processing.

Vikram Solar already has an existing relationship with Meyer Burger and uses Meyer Burger production equipment. In order to further strengthen this relationship, Vikram Solar and Meyer Burger signed the MoU for the provision of selected solar cell and module manufacturing equipment and for collaboration on process improvements in solar cell and module manufacturing, as well as research & development for materials, processes, and device technologies.

Lastly, Vikram Solar and Centrotherm have agreed to collaborate by using Centrotherm’s production equipment and manufacturing expertise to improve cell efficiency and productivity.

Q

What are your long term plans & goals? Where would you like to see Vikram Solar in the coming 2 or 3 years?

Vikram Solar is determined to be a market leader in the solar energy segment bringing energy closer to the people of India and other parts of the world .Vikram Solar, which is already forward integrated, is planning on backward integration by adding a 100 MW solar cell manufacturing line by end of 2016 to cater to the DCR requirement of JNNSM Phase. Also, Vikram Solar is planning to expand it’s module line from existing 200 MW to 500 MW by August, 2015 & reach 1.2 GW by end of 2018. Our current market domain is Asia, Europe and North America . In the next 2 years , we are expecting to get more involved in the African, Australian & South American Market.

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 117

Face to Face

“

“

APAR INDUSTRIES did have a plan to go in for one more E Beam Accelerators because acceptability of E Beam Irradiated cables are very high. These E Beam Accelerators are working all over the world whereas in India people were not aware of this technology much

Vishvesh Bhatia - Sr. General Manager/Marketing - Apar Industries Ltd

Q

Tell us about the products you supply for the solar industry.

Apar industries Ltd (Unit: Uniflex cables) has positioned itself as a major player in the Renewable energy sector by developing application based cables. We have developed specialty compounds supported by Electron Beam Irradiation technology to offer cable long life and to meet harsh environmental conditions that the cables are subjected to in the application. We supply DC Cables with TuV certification requirements to Solar Industry with flexible electro-tinned copper conductor, XLPO insulated and XLPO sheathed with Electron Beam Irradiation cross-linking.

We have also developed Rodent proof Solar DC cables.

We also supply Armoured/Unarmoured LT Power Cables with Copper/ Aluminium Conductor , Electron Beam irradiated XLPE (continuous operating temperature 120 Deg. C) insulation. We also supply Medium Voltage cables up to 33 KV for Grid connectivity.

Q

What kind of business potential do you see for your company in solar sector?

Renewable Energy has a lot of potential in India as we receive 330 days sunlight.

Solar Power generation opens up a big

118 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

business opportunities with Govt plan to commission 150 Giga watts (GW) of energy in 5-7 years. We have entire range of cables required in this sector and almost 25% of our sales is planned from this sector. So you can well imagine the attention it is receiving from us. Our products have been appreciated by the Industry and we are now a leading suppliers to majority of the projects.

Q

The Indian market is highly competitive so how do you differentiate your products from the other available products in the market?

We may like to share with you that we have the state of Art Electron Beam Accelators (1.5 MeV and 3Mev) in Western India at Khatalwada located about 20 kms away from VAPI Dist., Gujrat. We have complete handling system for irradiation of various types of Electrical and Automotive cables & Wires. E Beam Irradiated cables offers superior performance in demanding application and in extreme environment conditions. We offer cables with improved properties like Electrical, Mechanical, Tensile Strength, Abrasion Resistance, Thermal Resistance, Stress Cracking Resistance, Flame Propogation Resistance, etc.

Therefore, our Cables with E Beam Irradiation are different than other

manufacturers.

Q

How do you ensure the quality of the products you offer for the solar industry?

We are a company who is serious about the quality of our cables. We have complete Quality Assurance System right from the procurement of raw materials till finished cables are dispatched duly inspected. First of all we select raw material suppliers, Testing of Incoming Raw Materials, In process checking and Finished Cables Inspection. We check raw materials and thereafter final cables before despatch.

We also send our cables to Third Party laboratory to validate that the cables being manufactured by us would meet the requirement of our clients in the Solar Industry.

Q

What are the challenges you have to face while manufacturing wires for solar industry? How do you cope up with these challenges?

There are certain companies offering conventional cables for Solar Plants but now most of the developers have understood advantages of E Beam Irradiated Cables over the conventional cables as such we don’t find much difficulties in convincing the customers. Most of our customers ||www.electricalmirror.in||

tional cables. Since Solar Power Project requires cables to meet life of 25 years as such customer does not take much chance for using cables other than E Beam.

Q

Share the long term goals and future plans of your company with our readers.

like Railways, DRDO, NPCIL knows the advantages of E Beam Irradiated Cables as such we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t find much resistance with the customer when asking for E Beam Irradiated Cables. Sometimes,

we have to take up with clients making demonstration of our product over the conventional cables than they are able to understand the difference between the E Beam Irradiated and conven-

APAR INDUSTRIES did have a plan to go in for one more E Beam Accelerators because acceptability of E Beam Irradiated cables are very high. These E Beam Accelerators are working all over the world whereas in India people were not aware of this technology much.

Once Railways, NPCIL, RDSO had adopted this technology for cables to used in Railways and we find that there would be a good scope for installations of E Beam Irradiation facility. We have already completed expansion of Elastomeric cable project but our efforts are on to make take care of all specialized requirements in the sector of Elastomeric Cables.

CONSTRUCTION MIRROR

DEAR READERS If you too have any new product launch, update to the existing product or any thing that you think can be part of the magazine, forward your write up along with relevant photographs to editor@constructionmirror.com We help you in getting your product-desired attention through our large circulation network and reach.

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 119

120 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

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ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 121

EVEN EVE NT DIARY Month/Date :

3rd to 5th Dec-15 Pragati Maidan, Delhi

Month/Date :

9-11 September, 2015

Location :

Location :

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi

About Event

Tel :

981 1090046

LED Expo comprised of visitors from all walks of life including architects, automotive industry, building contractors, consultants, brand managers, CPWD, dealers & distributors, hospitality industry, government agencies & planning departments, trade councils, real estate companies, retail chain owners & many others exploring the use of LED for various applications be it domestic or commercial.

Web:

www.electronica-productronica-india.com

About Event Productronica India is the innovative platform for production technologies which are experiencing a strong increase in demand due to India’s emerging electronics manufacturing market.

Month/Date :

13th to 17th Feb. 2016

Month/Date :

18th to 20th Nov 2015,

Location :

B.I.E.C. Bangalore, India

Location :

BEC, Mumbai

Web :

https://www.elecrama.com

About Event

About Event

The event’s exhibition and conference both focus on the areas of photovoltaics, PV production technologies, energy storage systems and solar thermal technologies. Since being founded, Intersolar has become the most important industry platform for manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, service providers and partners of the solar industry.

ELECRAMA, organized by IEEMA – the voice of the Indian Electrical Industry, since its inception has followed a single minded pursuit of being relevant to the Industry and the needs of its constituencies. In consonance, as an evolution, now ELECRAMA is the single biggest forum capturing this rich diversity of globally relevant challenges and solutions in the electricity ecosystem.

Month/Date :

27th to 30th Nov 2015,

Location :

Kolkata

About Event Milon Mela Trade Fair Complex, in Kolkata is hosting the Largest Lighting Fair in India November 27-30, 2015 The format of Lii 2015 has Business, Transfer of Technology, Introduction of Non Conventional Power sources, and Industry Academia relationship building.

122 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

Month/Date :

1st to 3rd, March 2016

Location :

Dubai World Trade Centre, UAE

Web :

www.middleeastelectricity.com

About Event Middle East Electricity, the regions longest running exhibition, is rated by exhibitors and visitors as the world’s leading power event. A global leader in the power industry, the exhibition provides a platform for networking, business and debating key subjects in the power, lighting, nuclear, new and renewable industries. ||www.electricalmirror.in||

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• An Electron Gun is housed in a thick vessel where electrons are accelerated in an acceleration tube and are directed to a scanning device magnetically to scan.

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• The Cables are passed under the beam thru set of under-beam equipments Benefits • Superior cross linking of polymers • Superior Thermal & Mechanical properties Overview • 2 Electron Beams: 1.5 MeV and 3.0 MeV to cover wide range of cables and handling system • Under Beam handling system for several other products viz. PTFE Powder, Foam PE sheets, Heat Shrink Tubes & Moulded parts, PE Pipes, Packaging sheets etc.

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||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 123

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63

Paragon Auto Controls .................................................

124

HPL India Ltd. ..................................................................

27

Phoenix Contact (India) Pvt Ltd. ................................

31

Indian Energy Exchange Ltd. .....................................

11

Precision Wire India Ltd. ...............................................

33

Indian Transformers & Electricals Pvt. Ltd. ............

81

Scope T&M Pvt Ltd. .........................................................

125

Inter Solar Exhibition. ...................................................

115

Shriram Axiall Pvt Ltd. ....................................................

19

ISA Advance Instruments (I) Pvt Ltd. .......................

49

Subodhan Engineers (Pune) Pvt Ltd. ........................

105

Jupiter Electronics .........................................................

16

Testo India Pvt Ltd. ..........................................................

41

Klauke India ......................................................................

29

Utkarshaa Energy Services Pvt Ltd. ..........................

111

K-lite Industries ...............................................................

25

Vashi Electric ......................................................................

23

LED Expo. ..........................................................................

74

Veer Electronics ................................................................

07

Lii Exhibition ....................................................................

89

Vishay Components India Pvt Ltd. ............................

101

KVTEK Power Systems Pvt Ltd. .................................

53

Yande Polymers ...............................................................

75

M & I Materials Ltd. ........................................................

77

Zera India Pvt. Ltd. ..........................................................

05

Madhura International .................................................

55

124 ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015

||www.electricalmirror.in||

CRP

TRM 25 Dir CT CRM 200

CFL

SCOPE

DC Trace

RTMon

RTK

ISSPL RTK

BRT1 SA 10i SAMon SCOT MXP

CSG

DCRM

SCADA HISAC Ultima

TWFLS

SCOT M3K+ TRM 14

SCOT MXP+

CRM 100

TRM 10

TRM 104

RTU

SA 30i

CRM 200B

SCOT MUT

CRM 100B+

SCOPE

Cases

CRM 100C

CBSCOPE

Protect DecR

Simple solutions for difficult measurements

®

SCOPE Group is committed to offer Products, Services and Unique Solutions of the highest quality at right price.

Business Verticals of SCOPE: SCOPE T&M: Test and Measurement Instruments Division 

Design, Development, Manufacturing & Marketing of T&M Instruments  Test & Measurement Instruments for HV/EHV Substation Equipments  On-line Monitoring Systems for EHV Substation Equipments & Transmission Lines  Supply of complete package of T&M, Tools, Tackles & Safety Equipment to projects through dedicated Project Business Group (PBG)  Calibration Services  Industrial Cases

SCOPE Protect: Power System Protection & Automation Division 

Designs & executes state of the art Protection & Substation Automation Solutions up-to 765 kV  Control Relay & Protection Systems  RTU, SCADA & Substation Automation Solutions  Power System Studies  Control Switching Device for point on wave control of CBs

ISOSCELES: Power Sector Services Division 

Offers Testing & Commissioning services in India & Abroad.  Routine & Specialised Testing Services for existing substations  Complete Testing & Commissioning of new substations up-to 765 kV including Substation Automation  Contracts for comprehensive RLA / RLE Studies  Professional Training Services to Utilities

...

25+ years of providing Simple

solutions for difficult measurements to Power Sector & Industry in more than 40 countries!

Corporate Office 402, Aurus Chamber, Annex - A, S. S. Amrutwar Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400 013, INDIA

||www.electricalmirror.in||

®

Phone : +91 22 4344 4244, FAX : +91 22 4344 4242 e-mail: marketing@scopetnm.com, Web site: www.scopetnm.com.

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 125

Test engineers have a new reason to smile.

SVERKER900

The Multifunctional Substation and Relay Test Set

The SVERKER900 is the ultimate toolbox designed for testing multifunctional substations and protective relays using highly advanced techniques. With a built-in touch screen, the SVERKER900 makes it easier for the test engineer to operate.

It is designed to perform three-phase protection relay testing, primary injection testing and CT & PT testing.

Upgrade to the latest

SVERKER900

NEW

Megger India Pvt Ltd

Scan the QR code to know more about SVERKER 900

211 Crystal Paradise Mall, Off Veera Desai Road, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 053. India. ||www.electricalmirror.in|| T +91 22 26740468 F +91 22 26740465 E india.sales@megger.com

Top-Innovator 2014

, Germany

The Dynamic MotorAnalyzer Online Monitoring of electric motors Motor monitoring without special know-how The Dynamic MotorAnalyzer allows the testing of a running motor in its operational environment. Electric parameters are measured and other mechanical parameters are calculated. The aim is to receive an analysis of the electric motor, its mains supply, and its load conditions based on six electric measuring values.

The Dynamic MotoAnalyzer provides needed technology to facilitate the motor check without requesting special knowledge from the operator. It is a great extension to our winding testers, the Motor Analyzer 2 and MTC2.

KEY-FACTS • All in one-motor monitoring • Motor evaluation without special knowledge • Mains supply analysis • Monitoring of motor supply on VFD-operation • Monitoring of the motor´s operation parameters • Determination of mechanical performance characteristics and torque • Analysis of load and efficiency • Under and overload monitoring • Spectral analysis to detect rotor problems • Energy balance analysis • Analyze energy costs with amortization calculations and payback time • Historic trending with data recorder function and event logging • All measuring signals and calculations are displayed (similar to an oscilloscope) • Combine the Dynamic Motor Analyzer with the Encoder Analyzer • Extensive protocol printing • SQL-data base for motors, sorted by manufacturer and type • SQL-data base for saving all settings and measured values • Motor voltage measuring range up to 700 Vtrms • Motor current measuring range from 5-5000 Atrms • Numerous current clamps and Rogowski current sensors can be connected • Battery operated • Multilingual, modern user interface • Worldwide voltage supply 90-250 V/47-63 Hz

Voltage Current Power Cos Performance factor Frequency Harmonics Total harmonic distortion Power supply analysis Torque

Torque ripple Speed Efficiency Performance reduction factor Energy costs Utilization Overload Peak values Transients Long-term measurement …

The dynamic motor monitoring in practice Often motors become hot during operation. It may be due to the mains power supply, the motor itself, or its load. It may have an electrical or a mechanical cause.

It is often difficult to find the cause for the fault, as many motors are difficult to access. It is easier to access the motor´s input lead. The electric parameters can be measured here and then, among others, the mechanical parameters are calculated.

With the Dynamic MotorAnalyzer, the operator is able to find quickly and effectively the cause of the problem on the electric motor.

B-229, LGF, Greater Kailash, Part I, New Delhi-110048, Phone: 011-46173333, Fax: 011-41825662 Email: info@mtekpro.com, shonal@mtekpro.com, Web: www.mtekpro.com

||www.electricalmirror.in||

ELECTRICAL MIRROR || JULY 2015 127

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