Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) ready for you
Download now and discover formats that fit your needs...
Up and Running with AutoCAD 2023: 2D and 3D Drawing, Design and Modeling Elliot J. Gindis
https://ebookmass.com/product/up-and-running-withautocad-2023-2d-and-3d-drawing-design-and-modeling-elliot-j-gindis/
ebookmass.com
Up and Running with AutoCAD 2019: 2D Drafting and Design
Elliot J. Gindis & Robert C. Kaebisch
https://ebookmass.com/product/up-and-running-withautocad-2019-2d-drafting-and-design-elliot-j-gindis-robert-c-kaebisch/
ebookmass.com
Mastering AutoCAD 2021 and AutoCAD LT 2021 Brian C. Benton
https://ebookmass.com/product/mastering-autocad-2021-and-autocadlt-2021-brian-c-benton/
ebookmass.com
Lifting the Chains: The Black Freedom Struggle Since Reconstruction
William H. Chafe
https://ebookmass.com/product/lifting-the-chains-the-black-freedomstruggle-since-reconstruction-william-h-chafe/
ebookmass.com
The Evolution of EU Law 3rd Edition Paul Craig
https://ebookmass.com/product/the-evolution-of-eu-law-3rd-editionpaul-craig/
ebookmass.com
Picture You Dead Peter James
https://ebookmass.com/product/picture-you-dead-peter-james/
ebookmass.com
Understanding Operating Systems, 8th ed. 8th Edition Ann Mchoes
https://ebookmass.com/product/understanding-operating-systems-8thed-8th-edition-ann-mchoes/
ebookmass.com
The Physical Chemist's Toolbox, 2nd Ed. 2nd Edition Robert M. Metzger
https://ebookmass.com/product/the-physical-chemists-toolbox-2nded-2nd-edition-robert-m-metzger/
ebookmass.com
Accounting 27th Edition Carl Warren
https://ebookmass.com/product/accounting-27th-edition-carl-warren/
ebookmass.com
Adapting Television Drama: Theory and Industry 1st Edition
Christopher Hogg
https://ebookmass.com/product/adapting-television-drama-theory-andindustry-1st-edition-christopher-hogg/
ebookmass.com
UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2021
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
UpandRunningwith AutoCAD2021
2Dand3DDrawing,DesignandModeling
ElliotJ.Gindis
President-VerticalTechnologies,LosAngeles,CA,UnitedStates
RobertC.Kaebisch
ConstructionSciences-Architecture/Structural,GatewayTechnicalCollege Sturtevant,WI,UnitedStates
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom
525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom
Copyright © 2021ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,including photocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswith organizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite: www. elsevier.com/permissions
ThisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythePublisher(otherthanasmay benotedherein).
Notices
Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthis fieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroadenourunderstanding, changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary.
Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusingany information,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbe mindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility.
Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeanyliabilityforany injuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseor operationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN:978-0-12-823117-3
ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublicationsvisitour websiteat https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals
Publisher: KateyBirtcher
AcquisitionsEditor: SteveMerken
EditorialProjectManager: AlexFord
ProductionProjectManager: PoulouseJoseph
CoverDesigner: AlanStudholme
TypesetbyTNQTechnologies
2. AutoCADfundamentals PartII
Spotlighton:architecture
3. Layers,colors,linetypes,and properties
3.1Introductiontolayers
3.2Introductiontolinetypes
4. Text,mtext,editing,andstyle
4.1Introductiontotextandmtext
5.6In-Classdrawingproject:addingHatch
6. Dimensions
6.5Centermarksandcenterlines
6.6In-Classdrawingproject:adding
Spotlighton:electricalengineering
9. Basicprintingandoutput
Spotlighton:interiordesign
7. Blocks,Wblocks,dynamicblocks, groups,andpurge
7.1Introductiontoblocks
8. Polar,rectangular,andpatharrays
10. Advancedoutput PaperSpace
Level1
Answerstoreviewquestions
Level2
Chapters11 20
11. Advancedlinework
13. Advanceddimensions
Spotlighton:aerospace engineering
14. Options,Shortcuts,CUI,Design Center,andExpressTools
Spotlighton:civilengineering
12. Advancedlayers
15. Advanceddesignandfile managementtools
15.1Introductiontoadvanceddesignand
Spotlighton:chemicalengineering
16. Importingandexportingdata
16.1Introductiontoimportingand
17. Externalreferences(xrefs)
17.1Introductiontoxrefs
Whydoweneedanxref?Whatisthe benefit?
17.6Ribbonandxrefs
17.7Level2drawingproject(7of10):
Spotlighton:biomedical engineering
18. Attributes
18.1Introductiontoattributes 486
18.2Creatingthedesign 486
18.3Creatingtheattributedefinitions 487
18.4Creatingtheattributeblock 489
18.5Attributepropertiesandediting 490 Explodingattributes 491 Insertingattributes 491
18.6Attributeextraction 491
18.7Invisibleattributes 496
18.8Level2drawingproject(8of10):
19. Advancedoutputandpensettings
19.1Introductiontoadvancedoutputand pensettings 502
19.2Settingstandards 502
19.3TheCTBfile 502 Step1 506 Step2 506 Step3 507
19.4AdditionalCTBfilefeatures 507
19.5LineweightVISIBILITYSettings 508
19.6Level2drawingproject(9of10):
20. Isometricdrawing
20.1Introductiontographicalprojection 520 Typesofprojections
20.2Isometricprojection 520 Whyuseisometricprojectioninsteadof 3D? 521 When not touseisometricperspective 522
20.3Basictechnique 522
20.4Ellipsesinisometricdrawing 525
20.5Textanddimensionsinisometric
20.6Level2drawingproject(10of10):
Level2 Answerstoreviewquestions
Level3
Chapters21 30
21. 3DBasics
21.1Axes,Planes,andFaces 550 21.23DWorkspaces,Ribbon,Toolbars,and 3DOptions 550
21.3EnteringandExiting3D 552
21.4Projectinginto3D 554 Method1(New) 556 Method2(Classic) 556
21.53DDynamicViews 560
21.6Extrude 561
21.7VisualStyles:HideandShade 562
21.8ViewcubeandNavigationBar 566
22. ObjectManipulation
22.1IntroductiontoObject
23. Booleanoperationsand primitives
23.1Introductiontobooleanoperations 594
24. SolidModeling
24.1IntroductiontoSolidModeling
25. AdvancedSolids,Faces,andEdges
25.1IntroductionToAdvancedSolids,
26. Surfacesandmeshes
26.1IntroductiontoSurfacesandMeshes
27. Slicing,sectioning,layouts,and vports 27.1Introductiontoslicing,sectioning,
29. Dview,camera,walkandfly,path animation
30. Lightingandrendering
30.1Introductiontolightingandrendering
Level3
Answerstoreviewquestions
AppendixA:AdditionalinformationonAutoCAD 773
AppendixB:OtherCADsoftware,designand analysistools,andconcepts 781
AppendixC:Fileextensions 787
AppendixD:Customlinetypesandhatchpatterns 789
AppendixE:PrinciplesofCADmanagement 793
AppendixF:AutoLISPbasicsandadvanced customizationtools 799
AppendixG:PChardware,printers/plotters, networks,andthecloud 805
AppendixH:Whatarekernels? 811
AppendixI:Lighting,rendering,effects,and animation 813
AppendixJ:3Dprinting 815
AppendixK:AutoCADcertificationexams 819
AppendixL:AutoCADemployment 823
AppendixM:ThefutureofAutoCAD 825
829
Abouttheauthors
ELLIOTGINDIS
ElliotJ.GindisstartedoutusingAutoCADprofessionallyataNewYorkCityareacivilengineeringcompanyin September1996,movingontoconsultingworkshortlyafterward.Hehassincedraftedinawidevarietyof fieldsrangingfrom allaspectsofarchitectureandbuildingdesigntoelectrical,mechanical,civil,structural,aerospace,andraildesign.These assignments,includinglengthystayswithIBMandSiemensTransportationSystems,totaledover50companiestodate.
In1999,Elliotbeganteachingpart-timeatthePrattInstituteofDesign,followedbypositionsatNetcomInformation Systems,RoboTECHCADSolutions,andmorerecentlyattheNewYorkInstituteofTechnology.In2003,Elliotformed VerticalTechnologiesEducationandTraining https://www.verticaltechtraining.com/ ,anAutoCADtraining firmthat continuestotraincorporateclientsnationwideinusingandoptimizingAutoCAD.
Elliotholdsabachelor’sdegreeinaerospaceengineeringfromEmbry-RiddleAeronauticalUniversityandamaster’s degreeinengineeringmanagementfromMercerUniversity.Asof2016,heresidesintheLosAngelesareaandisa flight testengineerfortheUnitedStatesAirForce.HealsocontinuestobeinvolvedwithAutoCADeducationandCAD consulting. UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2021,whichcarefullyincorporateslessonslearnedfromover20yearsof teachingandindustrywork,ishis16thoveralltextbookonthesubject.His2012textbookhasalsobeentranslatedandis availableinSpanishfromAnayaMultimedia.Hecanbereachedat Elliot.Gindis@gmail.com orviahiswebsite: www. verticaltechtraining.com
PrevioustextbooksbyElliotGindis
English
l OperationalAutoCAD2008. NewYork:NetcomInc.(outofprint)
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2009 [e-bookonly].Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2010. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2011:2DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2011:2Dand3DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2012:2DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2012:2Dand3DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2013:2DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2013:2Dand3DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2014:2Dand3DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2015:2Dand3DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2016:2Dand3DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2017:2Dand3DDrawingandModeling. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2018:2DDraftingandDesign. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2019:2DDraftingandDesign. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2020:2DDraftingandDesign. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
Spanish
l AutoCAD2012-DibujaryModelaren2Dy3D. Madrid,Spain:AnayaMultimedia.
ROBERTKAEBISCH
RobertC.KaebischstartedusingAutoCADin1989withR10andcontinuedusingeachsubsequentreleasethrough collegeandthroughouthiscareer.Mostofhisdraftingworkhasinvolvedarchitecture,interiordesign,mechanical, electrical,plumbing,andotherconstruction-relatedindustries,fromschematicdesignsthroughfullconstruction documents.
Afterstartinghisarchitecturalcareerinthemid-1990s,andspendingseveralyearsinthe fi eld,Robertalsoworkedasa part-timeadjunctinstructorintheSchoolofDesignandDraftingatIITin2001.In2004,hesteppedawayfromteachingto focusonarchitectureandobtainedhisarchitect’slicensein2005.In2008hereturnedtoteachingandbecameafull-time instructorinGatewayTechnicalCollege’sArchitectural-StructuralEngineeringTechnicianprogram.Hecontinuestoteach andbeinvolvedinarchitecturaldesignandconsulting,aswellasAutoCAD,Revit,andothersoftwaretraining. Robertholdsabachelor’sdegreeinarchitecturefromtheUniversityofWisconsin Milwaukee’sSchoolofArchitectureandUrbanPlanning,andacerti ficateinProjectManagementfromtheUniversityofWisconsin-Stout.Hemaintains hisarchitect’slicense,technicalcollegeteachinglicenseinWI,andnationalcerti fi cationsinbothAutodeskAutoCADand AutodeskRevit.HecurrentlylivesintheMilwaukeeareaandcanbereachedat Robert.Kaebisch@gmail.com
PrevioustextbooksbyRobertKaebisch
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2018:2DDraftingandDesign. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2019:2DDraftingandDesign. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
l UpandRunningwithAutoCAD2020:2DDraftingandDesign. Waltham,MA:Elsevier,Inc.
Preface
WhatisAutocad?
AutoCADisadraftinganddesignsoftwarepackagedevelopedandmarketedbyAutodesk,Inc.Asof2020,ithasbeen aroundforapproximately38years severallifetimesinthesoftwareindustry.Ithasgrownfrommodestbeginningstoan industrystandard,oftenimitated,sometimesexceeded,butneverequaled.Thebasicpremiseofitsdesignissimpleandis themainreasonforAutoCAD’ssuccess.Anythingyoucanthinkof,youcandrawquicklyandeasily.Formanyyears, AutoCADremainedasuperb2Delectronicdraftingboard,replacingthepencilandpaperforanentiregenerationof technicalprofessionals.Inrecentreleases,its3Dcapabilities fi nallymatured,andAutoCADisnowalsoconsideredan excellent3Dvisualizationtool,especiallyforarchitectureandinteriordesign.
Thesoftwarehasarathersteeplearningcurvetobecomeanexpertbutasurprisinglyeasyonetojustgetstarted.Most important,itiswellworthlearning.Thisistrulyglobalsoftwarethathasbeenadoptedbymillionsofarchitects,designers, andengineersworldwide.Overtheyears,Autodeskexpandedthisreachbyintroducingadd-onpackagesthatcustomize AutoCADforindustry-speci fictasks,suchaselectrical,civil,andmechanicalengineering.However,underneathallthese add-onsisstillplainAutoCAD.Thissoftwareremainshugelypopular.Learnitwell,asitisstilloneofthebestskillsyou canaddtoyourresume.
Aboutthisbook
Thisbookisnotlikemostonthemarket.Whilemanyauthorscertainlyviewtheirtextasuniqueandnovelinitsapproach, werarelyreviewedonethatwascleartoabeginnerstudentanddistilledAutoCADconceptsdowntobasic,easyto understandexplanations.Theproblemmaybethatmanyoftheavailablebooksarewrittenbyeitherindustrytechnical expertsorteachersbutrarelybysomeonewhoisactivelyboth.Onereallyneedstointeractwiththeindustryandthe students,inequalmeasure,tobridgethegapbetweenrealityandtheclassroom.
AfteryearsofAutoCADdesignworkinthedaytimeandteachingnightsandweekends,wesetouttocreateasetof classroomnotesthatoutlined,inaneasytounderstandmanner,exactlyhowAutoCADisusedandapplied,nottheoretical musingsorclinicaldescriptionsofthecommands.Thesenoteseventuallywereexpandedintothisbookthatyounowhold. Therationalewassimple:Anemployerneedsthispersontobeupandrunningassoonaspossibletodoajob.Howdowe makethishappen?
Teachingmethods
MyteachingapproachhasitsrootsinacertainphilosophyIdevelopedwhileattendingengineeringschoolmanyyearsago. Whilethere,Ihadsometimesbeenfrustratedwiththecomplexpresentationofwhatinretrospectamountedtorathersimple topics.Myfavoritequotewas, “Mostideasinengineeringarenotthathardtounderstandbutoftenbecomesoupon explanation.” Themoralofthatquotewasthatconceptscanusuallybedistilledtotheiressenceandexplainedinaneasy andstraightforwardmanner.Thatisthejobofateacher:Nottoblowawaystudentswithtechnicalexpertisebuttouse experienceandtop-levelknowledgetosortoutwhatisimportantandwhatissecondaryandtoexplaintheessentialsin plainlanguage.
SuchistheapproachtothisAutoCADbook.Iwanteverythingheretobehighlypracticalandeasytounderstand. Therearefewdescriptionsofproceduresorcommandsthatarerarelyusedinpractice.Ifwetalkaboutit,youwilllikely needit.The firstthingyoumustlearnishowtodrawaline.Youseethiscommandonthe firstfewpagesofChapter1,not buriedsomewhereinlatersections.Itisessentialtopresentthe “core” ofAutoCAD,essentialknowledgecommontojust aboutanydraftingsituation,allofitmeanttogetyouupandrunningquickly.Thisstripped-downapproachproved effectiveintheclassroomandwascarefullyincorporatedintothistext.
Textorganization
Thisbookcomesinthreeparts:Level1,Level2,andLevel3:
Level1 (Chapters1 10)ismeanttogiveyouawidebreadthofknowledgeonmanytopics,asortof “milewide” approach.These10chapterscomprise,inmyexperience,thecompleteessentialknowledgesetofanintermediateuser. Youthencanworkon,ifnotnecessarilysetupandmanage,moderatetocomplexdrawings.IfyourCADrequirementsare modestorifyouarenotrequiredtodraftfulltime,thenthisiswhereyoustop.
Level2 (Chapters11 20)ismeantforadvanceduserswhoareCADmanagers,full-timeAutoCADdraftspersons, architects,orself-employedandmustdoeverythingthemselves.Thegoalhereisdepth,asmanyfeaturesnotdeemed criticallyimportantinLevel1arerevisitedtoexploreadditionaladvancedoptions.Alsointroducedareadvancedtopics necessarytosetupandmanagecomplexdrawings.
Level3 (Chapters21 30)isallabout3D Solidknowledgeoftheprevioustwolevelsishighlyrecommendedbefore startingthesechapters.The3DmaterialcoversallaspectsofAutoCADsolidmodelingincludinglightsandrendering. Throughoutthisbook,thefollowingmethodsareusedtopresentmaterial:
l Explainthenewconceptorcommandandwhyitisimportant.
l Coverthecommandstepbystep(ifneeded),withyourinputandAutoCADresponsesshownsoyoucanfollowand learnthem.
l Giveyouachancetoapplyjust-learnedknowledgetoareal-lifeexercise,drawing,ormodel.
l Testyourselfwithend-of-chapterquizzesanddrawingexercisesthataskquestionsabouttheessentialknowledge. Youwillnotseeanextensivearrayofdistracting “learningaids” inthistext.Youwill,however,seesomecommon featuresthroughout,suchas.
Commands:Thesearepresentedinalmostallcasesintheformofacommandmatrix,suchastheoneshownhereforaline.Youcanchooseanyof themethodsforenteringthecommand.
Tipsandtricks: Theseareseenmostlyinthefirstfewchaptersandoneis shownhere.Theyareveryspecific,deliberatesuggestionstosmoothoutthe learningexperience.Dotakenote.
Step-by-stepinstructions: Thesearefeaturedwheneverpracticalandshow youexactlyhowtoexecutethecommand,suchastheexamplewithline here.WhatyoutypeinandwhatAutoCADsaysareinthesoftware’sdefault font:CourierNew.Therestofthestepsareinthestandardprintfont.
TIP1: TheEsc(escape)keyintheupperleft-hand cornerofyourkeyboardisyournewbestfriend.It getsyououtofjustaboutanytroubleyougetyourself into.Ifsomethingdoesnotlookright,justpressthe Esckeyandrepeatthecommand.Minewaswornout learningAutoCAD,soexpecttouseitoften.
Step1. Beginthelinecommandviaanyofthepreviousmethods.
l AutoCADsays:Specifyfirstpoint: Step2. Usingthemouse,left-clickanywhereonthe screen.
l AutoCADsays:Specifynextpointor[Undo]: Step3. Movethemouseelsewhereonthescreenand left-clickagain.Youcanrepeatstep2asmanytimes asyouwish.Whenyouaredone,clickEnterorEsc.
Learningobjectivesandtimeforcompletion: Eachchapterbeginswiththis, whichbuildsa“roadmap”foryoutofollowwhileprogressingthroughthe chapter,aswellassetsexpectationsofwhatyouwilllearnifyouputinthe timetogothroughthechapter.Thetimeforcompletionisbasedonclassroomteachingexperiencebutisonlyanestimate.IfyouarelearningAutoCADinschool,yourinstructormaychoosetocoverpartofachapteror morethanoneatatime.
Summary,reviewquestions,exercises: Eachchapterconcludeswiththese. Besuretonotskipthesepagesandtorevieweverythingyoulearned.
Inthischapter,weintroduceAutoCADanddiscuss thefollowing:
l Introductionandthebasiccommands
l TheCreateObjectscommands
l TheEditandModifyObjectscommands
l TheViewObjectscommands,etc. Bytheendofthechapter,youwill Estimatedtimeforcompletionofchapter:3hours.
Summary Reviewquestions Exercises
Whatyourgoalshouldbe
Justlearningcommandsisnotenough;youneedtoseethebigpictureandtrulyunderstandAutoCADandhowitfunctions forittobecomeeffortlessandtransparent.Thefocusafterallisonyourdesign.AutoCADisjustoneofthetoolsto realizeit.
Agoodanalogyisicehockey.Professionalplayersdonotthinkaboutskating;tothem,itissecondnature.Theyare focusedonstrategy,scoringagoal,andgettingbythedefenders.Thismentalityshouldbeyoursaswell.Youmustbecome profi cientthroughstudyandpractice,tothepointwhereyouareworkingwithAutoCAD,notstrugglingagainstit.Itthen becomes “transparent” andyoufocusonlyonthedesign,totrulyperformthebestarchitectureorengineeringworkof whichyouarecapable.
Ifyouareinaninstructor-ledclass,takegoodnotes.Ifyouareself-studyingfromthistext,payverycloseattentionto everytopic;nothinghereisunimportant.Donotskiporcutcorners.Docompleteeverydrawingassignment.Most important,youmustpractice,dailyifpossible,asthereisnosubstituteforsittingdownandusingthesoftware.Not everyonehastheopportunitytolearnonthejobwhilegettingpaid;companieswantready-madeexpertsanddonotwantto wait.Ifthatisthecase,youmustpracticeonyourownintheeveningoronweekends.Justtakingaclassorreadingthis bookaloneisnotenough.
Itmayseemlikeabigmountaintoclimbrightnow,butitiscompletelydoable.Onceontop,youwill findthat AutoCADisnotthefrustratingprogramitmayhaveseemedintheearlydaysbutanintuitivesoftwarepackagethat,with proficiencyofuse,becomesanaturalextensionofyourmindwhenworkingonanewdesign.That,intheend,isthemarkof successfulsoftware;ithelpsyoudoyourjobeasierandfaster.Feelfreetocontactmyselformycoauthorwithquestionsor commentsat Elliot.Gindis@gmail.com and Robert.Kaebisch@gmail.com.Also,besuretovisit www.verticaltechtraining. com,whereyouwill findotherresourcessuchasexercises,videos,articles,andadiscussionboardtogetyourAutoCAD questionsanswered.
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
Acknowledgments
Atextbookofthismagnitudeisrarelyaproductofonlyoneperson’seffort.Ithankalltheearlyandongoingreviewersof thistextandChrisRamirezofVerticalTechnologiesConsultingforresearchandideaswhenmostneededaswellasusing thetextinhisclassroom.AbigthankyoualsotoKarenMiletsky(retired)formerlyofPrattInstituteofDesign,Russelland TituSarderatNetcomInformationTechnology,andeveryoneattheNewYorkInstituteofTechnology,RoboTECHCAD Solutions,FutureMediaConcepts,andotherpremiertrainingcenters,colleges,anduniversitiesfortheirpastandpresent support.
ExtensivegratitudealsogoestoStephenR.Merken,PoulouseJoseph,andAshwathiP.Aravindakshan,andtherestof theteamatElsevierforbelievingintheprojectandfortheirinvaluablesupportingettingthebookouttomarket.Thank youalsotoDenisCaduofAutodeskforallthesupportattheAutodeskDevelopersNetwork.
Abigthankyoutomycoauthor,RobertKaebischofGatewayTechnicalCollege,forassistinginbringingthe2018 editiontothenextlevelandcontinuinghisexcellentworkonthislatestedition.
Finally,Ithankmyfriendsandfamily,especiallymyparents,BorisandTatyanaGindis,mywonderfulwife,Marina, andmysonAndrew,fortheirpatienceandencouragementasIundertakethelengthyannualeffortofbringingthis textbooktolife.Thisbookisdedicatedtothehundredsofstudentswhohavepassedthroughmyclassroomsandmade teachingtheenjoyableadventureithasbecome.
ElliotJ.Gindis
May2021
Firstandforemost,ImustthankElliotGindisforaskingmetojoinhimonthisjourneyin2017andtrustingmetohelp withtheevolutionofhiscreationovertheyears.Thankyoutotheteachersandprofessorswhogavemethefreedomto exploretechnicaldrafting,AutoCAD,architectureandalltheirassociatedtechnologies:Mr.PeterWilson,Mr.PaulBarry, andMr.RickJules.
ThankyoutotheteamatElsevier,especiallyStephenR.Merken,PoulouseJoseph,andAshwathiP.Aravindakshan, forpromotingtheprojectandhelpingusgettingitpublishedthisyear.ThankyoualsotoDenisCaduandtheteamat AutodeskforallthehelpfromtheAutodeskDevelopersNetwork.
IcouldnotdotheworkIdowithoutthesupportoftheConstructionSciencefaculty:RayKoukari,Jr.,PatHoppe,and SteveWhitmoyer.AnotherbigthankyoutotheGatewayTechnicalCollegeadministration:Dr.BryanD.Albrecht,Zina Haywood,MattJanisin,andDr.JohnThibodeauforhelpingmegrowasaninstructor.
Finally,Imustthankmychildren,AlexandEmma,mymomSharonKaebisch,andmyamazingpartner,Dr.Sandra VanDenHeuvelfortheircontinuedsupport.Thisjourneyisprovingtobeagreatlearningexperience,makingmeabetter architect,instructor,andlearner.
RobertC.Kaebisch May2021
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
Level1 Chapters1 10
Level1istheverybeginningofyourstudies.NopriorknowledgeofAutoCADisassumed,onlybasicfamiliarity withcomputersandsometechnicalaptitude.Youareataslightadvantageifyouhavehanddraftedbefore,as manyAutoCADtechniquesflowfromtheoldpaperandpencildays,afactalludedtolaterinthechapters.
WebeginChapter1byoutliningthebasiccommandsunderCreateObjectsandModifyObjectsfollowedbyan introductiontotheAutoCADenvironment.WethenintroducebasicaccuracytoolsofOrthoandOSNAP. Chapter2continuesthebasicsbyaddingunitsandvariousdataentrytools.Thesefirsttwochaptersarecritically important,assuccesshereensuresyouwillunderstandtherestandbeabletofunctionintheAutoCAD environment.
Chapter3continuestolayers,theneachsucceedingchaptercontinuestodealwithoneormoremajortopicsper chapter:textandmtextinChapter4,hatchinginChapter5,anddimensioninginChapter6.Inthesesixchapters, youareaskedtonotonlypracticewhatyoulearnedbutapplytheknowledgetoabasicarchitecturalfloorplan. Chapter7introducesblocksandChapter8arrays.Atthispoint,youareaskedtodrawanotherproject,thistimea mechanicaldevice.Level1concludeswithbasicprintingandoutputinChapter9andfinallyadvancedprinting andoutput(Layouts/PaperSpace)inChapter10.
Besuretodedicateasmuchtimeaspossibletopracticingwhatyoulearn;therereallyisnosubstitute.
Chapter1
AutoCADfundamentalsdPartI
Learningobjectives
Inthischapter,weintroduceAutoCADanddiscussthefollowing:
l Introductionandthebasiccommands
l TheCreateObjectscommands
l TheEdit/ModifyObjectscommands
l TheViewObjectscommands
l TheAutoCADenvironment
l InteractingwithAutoCAD
l PracticingtheCreateObjectscommands
l PracticingtheEdit/ModifyObjectscommands
l Selectionmethods Window,Crossing,andLasso
l Accuracyindrafting Ortho(F8)
l Accuracyindrafting OSNAPs(F3)
Bytheendofthischapter,youwilllearntheessentialbasicsofcreating,modifying,andviewingobjects;theAutoCAD environment;andaccuracyintheformofstraightlinesandprecisealignmentofgeometricobjectsviaOSNAPpoints.
Estimatedtimeforcompletionofthischapter:3hours.
1.1Introductionandbasiccommands
AutoCADisaverycomplexprogram.Ifyouaretakingaclassorreadingthistextbook,thisissomethingyouprobably alreadyknow.Thecommandsavailabletoyou,alongwiththeirsubmenusandvariousoptions,numberinthethousands. So,howdoyougetahandleonthemandbeginusingthesoftware?Well,youmustrealizetwoimportantfacts.
First,youmustunderstandthat,onatypicalworkday, 95%ofyourAutoCADdraftingtimeisspentusingonly5%of theavailablecommands,overandoveragain.So,gettingstartediseasy;youneedtolearnonlyahandfulofkey commands;andasyouprogressandbuildconfi dence,youcanadddepthtoyourknowledgebylearningnewones.
Second,youmustunderstandthateventhemostcomplexdrawingisessentially madeupofonlyafewfundamental objectsthatappearoverandoveragain invariouscombinationsonthescreen.Onceyoulearnhowtocreateandedit them,youcandrawsurprisinglyquickly.Understandingthesefactsisthekeytolearningthesoftware.Wearegoingto stripawaytheperceivedcomplexitiesofAutoCADandreduceittoitsessentialcore.Letusgoaheadnowanddevelopthe listofthebasiccommands.
Foramoment,viewAutoCADasafancyelectronichand-draftingboard.Intheolddaysofpencil,eraser,and T-square,whatwasthesimplestthingthatyoucoulddraftonablanksheetofpaper?That,ofcourse,isaline.Letusmake alistwiththefollowingheader, “CreateObjects,” andbelowitadd “line.”
So,whatothergeometricobjectscanwedraw?Thinkofbasicbuildingblocks,thosethatcannotbebrokendownany further.A circle qualifi esandsodoesan arc.Becauseitissocommonanduseful,throwina rectangle aswell(even thoughyoushouldnotethatitisacompoundpolylineobject,orfourlinesactingasone).Hereisthe finallistof fundamentalobjectsthatwehavejustcomeupwith:
CreateObjects
l Line
l Circle
l Arc
l Rectangle
Assurprisingasitmaysound,thesefourobjects,inlargequantities,makeupmostofatypicaldesign,soalreadyyou havethebasictools.WewillcreatetheseontheAutoCADscreeninabit.Fornow,letuskeepgoingandgettherestofthe listdown.
Nowthatyouhavetheobjects,whatcanyoudowiththem?Youcan erase them,whichisprobablythemostobvious. Youcanalso move themaroundyourscreenand,inasimilarmanner, copy them.Theobjectscan rotate,andyoucanalso scale themupordowninsize.Withlines,iftheyaretoolong,youcan trim them,andiftheyaretooshort,youcan extend them. Offset isasortofprecisecopyandoneofthemostusefulcommandsinAutoCAD. Mirror isused,asthename implies,tomakeamirror-imagecopyofanobject.Finally, fillet isusedtoputacurveontwointersectinglines,among otherthings.Wewilllearnafewmoreusefulcommandsabitlater,butfornow,undertheheader “Edit/ModifyObjects,” listthecommandsjustmentioned:
Edit/ModifyObjects
l Erase
l Move
l Copy l Rotate
l Scale
l Trim
l Extend
l Offset
l Mirror
l Fillet
Onceagain,assurprisingasitmaysound,thisshortlistrepresentsalmosttheentiresetofbasicEdit/ModifyObjects commandsyouneedonceyoubegintodraft.Startmemorizingthem.
To finishup,letusaddseveralViewObjectscommands.WithAutoCAD,unlikepaperhanddrafting,youdonot alwaysseeyourwholedesigninfrontofyou.Youmayneedto zoom inforaclose-uporouttoseethebigpicture.You mayalsoneedto pan aroundtoviewotherpartsofthedrawing.Withawheeledmouse,virtuallyuniversaloncomputers thesedays,itisveryeasytodoboth,aswesoonsee.Tothislistweaddthe regen command.Itstandsfor regenerate,andit simplyrefreshesyourscreen,somethingyoumay findusefullater.SohereisthelistforViewObjects:
ViewObjects
l Zoom
l Pan
l Regen
So,thisisitfornow,just17commandsmakingupthebasicset.Hereiswhatyouneedtodo:
1. Asmentionedbefore,memorizethemsoyoualwaysknowwhatyouhaveavailable.
2. Understandthebasicidea,ifnotthedetails,behindeachcommand.Thisshouldbeeasytodobecause(exceptfor maybe offset and fi llet)thecommandsareintuitiveandnotcrypticinanyway; erase meanserase,whetheritisAutoCAD,amarkeronawhiteboard,orapencilline.
WearereadynowtostartAutoCAD,discusshowtointeractwiththeprogram,andtryoutallthecommands.
1.2TheAutoCADenvironment
Itisassumedthatyourcomputer,whetherathome,school,work,ortrainingclass,isloadedwithAutoCAD.Itisalso assumedthatAutoCADstartsupjust fine(viatheAutoCADdesktopiconorStartmenu)andeverythingisconfigured “asis” withthedefaultsetup.Ifnot,askyourinstructorforhelp,astherearejusttoomanyvariablesonanyPCorlaptop,and itisbeyondthescopeofthisbooktocovertheseuniquesituations.
StartupAutoCADandifalliswell,youshouldseetheStarttabwelcomescreendepictedin Fig.1.1.Thisisachange fromolderversionsofAutoCAD,whichdefaultedtoablankdrawingareawhen fi rstopened.Wedonotspendtoomuch
FIGURE1.1 AutoCAD2021 Starttab.
