Dedication
Dedicatedtothememoryof ThelateShriBajilalPrasad(Grandfather)andthe lateSmt.GuleshwariDevi(Grandmother), whoweretheepitomeofdedicationand humanity.
KrishnaKumar
1.Applicationofalternativecleanenergy
AdarshGaurav,SujeetKesharvani,SakshiSarathe, GauravDwivedi,GauravSaini,AnujKumar,and KamarajNithyanandhan
1.1Introduction 1 1.2Solarenergy 2
1.2.1Photovoltaicsystems2
1.2.2Solarthermalenergysystems2
1.2.3Solarwaterheating(SWH)systems2
1.2.4Solarcooker3
1.2.5Solarwaterpumps4
1.2.6Solarspaceheating4
1.3Geothermalenergy 6
1.3.1Geothermalpowergeneration6
1.3.2Directusesofgeothermalenergy7 1.4Windenergy 8
1.4.1HorizontalAxiswindturbine8
1.4.2Verticalaxiswindturbine8
1.4.3Windturbineapplications9 1.5Biomassenergy 10
1.5.1Methodofbiomassenergyextraction10
1.5.2Gasification11
1.5.3Anaerobicdigestion11
1.5.4Biofuels12
1.5.5Bioethanolproduction12
1.5.6Biodiesel13
1.6Oceanandtidalenergy 14
1.6.1Waveenergy14 1.6.2OTEC15 1.6.3TIC15
1.7Small,micro,andminihydroplants
2.Optimizationofhybridenergygeneration
PoonamB.DhabaiandNeerajTiwari
2.1Introduction 21
2.2RESdataanduncertaintystatisticalanalysis 23
2.2.1Windsourceanalysis24
2.2.2Solarsourceanalysis25
2.3Testcasemodificationsandsolutionmethodology 27
2.3.1Testcasemodifications27
2.3.2Configurationofcases28
2.3.3Solutionmethodology32
2.3.4Sensitivityfactors33
2.3.5Locationalmarginalpricing(LMP)34
2.4.1Impactofprobabilisticnatureandlocation ofRESonsensitivityfactors35
2.4.2Impactofprobabilisticnatureandlocation ofRESonLMP38
2.4.3Impactoftheprobabilisticnatureandlocation ofRESonTTCandTRM39
2.5Discussionandconclusion,futurescope
3.IoET-SG:Integratinginternetofenergythings withsmartgrid
M.ShahidulIslam,Md.MehediIslam,SabbirAhmed, Md.SazzadurRahman,KrishnaKumar,andM.ShamimKaiser 3.1Introduction
4.Evolutionofhighefficiencypassivatedemitter andrearcontact(PERC)solarcells
SouravSadhukhan,ShiladityaAcharya,TamalikaPanda,NabinChandra Mandal,SukantaBose,AnupamNandi,GourabDas,SantanuMaity, SusantaChakraborty,ParthaChaudhuri,andHiranmaySaha
4.1Introduction
4.3LossmechanismsinPERCsolarcells 69
4.3.1Opticallosses70
4.3.2Electricallosses70
4.4Carriertransportequations 79
4.4.1Solarcellparameters80
4.5PERCtechnology 83
4.5.1PERCprocessflow85
4.5.2Surfacepassivation85
4.5.3LBSFandrearlocalcontact92
4.5.4Rearpolishing93
4.5.5PERCperformance93
4.5.6ImprovementsofPERCsolarcells95
4.5.7Furtherimprovements96
4.5.8BifacialPERC97
4.6FabricationofPERCsolarcells 98
4.6.1Sawdamageremoval,texturization,andcleaning99
4.6.2Diffusionandoxidation101
4.6.3Reactiveionetching103
4.6.4Plasma-enhancedchemicalvapordeposition (PECVD)104
4.6.5Atomiclayerdeposition(ALD)106
4.6.6Laserablation107
4.6.7Metallization109
4.7Characterizationequipment 111
4.7.1Scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)111
4.7.2Fourpointprobemeasurement111
4.7.3Thicknessprofilometer111
4.7.4 I-V and C-V measurement114
4.7.5X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS)114
4.7.6LifetimeandSuns-Voc measurement115
4.7.7Reflectanceandexternalquantumefficiency(EQE) measurement116
4.7.8Current-voltage(I-V)measurement118
4.8Conclusion 121 References 121
5.Online-basedapproachforfrequencycontrol ofmicrogridusingbiologicallyinspired intelligentcontroller
BholaJha,ManojKumarPanda,andYatindraKumar
5.1Introduction 131
5.2Testsystemdescription 133
5.2.1Photovoltaicmodel133
5.2.2Windenergy135
5.2.3Dieselenginegenerator(DEG)model136
5.2.4Fuelcell,BESS,andFESS136
5.3Fuzzylogiccontroller 137
5.4Particleswarmoptimization(PSO) 140
5.5Graywolfoptimization(GWO) 142
6.Optimalallocationofrenewableenergysources inelectricaldistributionsystemsbased ontechnicalandeconomicindices
MohamedZellagui,SamirSettoul,and HebaAhmedHassan
6.1Introduction 149
6.1.1Motivation149
6.1.2Literaturereview150
6.1.3Contributionandchapterorganization151
6.2Problemformulation 152
6.2.1Multiobjectivefunction152
6.2.2Equalityconstraints153
6.2.3Inequalityconstraintsofdistributionline153
6.2.4InequalityconstraintsofDGunits154
6.3Cosineadaptedwhaleoptimizationalgorithm(CAWOA) 154
6.4Resultsanddiscussion 155
6.4.1Testsystems155
6.4.2Analysisofoptimalresults158
6.4.3Comparisonresults166
6.4.4ImpactofDGonbranchcurrents171
6.4.5ImpactofloadabilityvariationonEDS172 6.5Conclusions
7.Optimizationofrenewableenergysourcesusing emergingcomputationaltechniques
AmanKumar,KrishnaKumar,andNishantRajKapoor
7.1Introduction 188
7.2Sourcesofrenewableenergy 190
7.2.1Bioenergy(BE)193
7.2.2Geothermalenergy(GE)193
7.2.3Hydropowerenergy(HPE)197
7.2.4Hydrogenenergy(HE)200
7.2.5Solarenergy(SE)203
7.2.6Windenergy(WE)206
7.2.7Oceanenergy(OE)206
7.3Artificialintelligence(AI) 206
7.3.1Artificialintelligenceinbioenergy213
7.3.2Artificialintelligenceingeothermalenergy214
7.3.3Artificialintelligenceinhydroenergy215
7.3.4Artificialintelligenceinhydrogenenergy221
7.3.5Artificialintelligenceinsolarenergy221
7.3.6Artificialintelligenceinwindenergy221
7.3.7Artificialintelligenceinoceanenergy221
7.4Conclusion 221 References 229
8.Advancedrenewabledispatchwith machinelearning-basedhybriddemand-side controller:Thestateoftheartandanovel approach
YuekuanZhou
8.1Introduction 237
8.2Buildingenergydemandforecastingwith machinelearning 238
8.2.1Predictionsoncooling/heating/electricalloads239
8.2.2Machinelearningmodelingtechniques239
8.3Flexibledemand-sidemanagementstrategies 242
8.3.1Smartappliances247
8.3.2HVACsystems247
8.3.3Plug-inloadsandstorages248
8.4Machinelearning-basedadvancedcontrollers 250
9.Amachinelearning-baseddesignapproach onPCMs-PVsystemswithmultilevelscenario uncertainty
YuekuanZhou
9.1Introduction 257
9.2OverviewonPCMs-PVsystemsandoperations 259
9.2.1PassivePCMs-PVsystems259
9.2.2ActivePCMs-PVsystems261
9.2.3Combinedpassive/activePCMs-PVsystems262
9.3Mechanismformachinelearningonperformance predictionofnonlinearsystems 263
9.4ApplicationofmachinelearninginPCMs-PVsystems 264
9.4.1Surrogatemodelforperformanceprediction264
9.4.2Systemoptimization265
9.4.3Robustoptimizationwithmultilevelscenario uncertainty267
9.5Challengesandoutlooks 268
9.5.1Uncertaintyquantificationandprobabilitydensity function268
9.5.2Stochasticsamplingsizeanduncertainty-based optimizationfunction268
9.5.3Hybridlearningandadvancedoptimization algorithms270
9.5.4Multicriteriadecision-markingfortrade-off solutions270
270
10.Agent-basedpeer-to-peerenergytradingbetween prosumersandconsumerswithcost-benefit businessmodels
YuekuanZhouandJiaLiu
10.1Introduction 273
10.2Agent-basedpeer-to-peerenergytradingwithdynamic internalpricing 274
10.2.1P2Penergytradingmodeswithdifferent energyforms274
10.2.2Mechanismsandmathematicalmodelsfordynamic internalpricing276
10.3BlockchainandmachinelearningtechnologiesinP2P energytrading 282
10.3.1BlockchaininP2Penergytrading282
10.3.2MachinelearningtechnologiesinP2Penergy trading283
10.4Electricitymarketandtechno-economicincentives forP2Penergymarket 284
10.4.1Decentralizedelectricitymarketdesign285
10.4.2Techno-economicincentives285
10.5Challengesandoutlook
11.Machinelearning-basedhybriddemand-side controllerforrenewableenergymanagement
PadmanabhanSanjeevikumar,TinaSamavat, MortezaAzimiNasab,MohammadZand,and MohammadKhoobani
11.1Introduction 291
11.1.1Renewableandhybridenergysystem293
11.1.2Demand-sidemanagement294
11.2Machinelearningataglance 295
11.2.1Machinelearningmeetsmodel-basedcontrol296
11.2.2Theapplicationofmachinelearninginhybrid demand-sidecontrollers297
11.2.3Supportvectormachine299
11.2.4K-meansclustering302
11.2.5Extremelearningmachine303
11.2.6Linearregression303
11.2.7Partialleastsquares304 11.2.8Challengesandfutureresearchdirection304
12.Predictionofenergygenerationtargetof hydropowerplantsusingartificialneural networks
KrishnaKumar,GauravSaini,NarendraKumar, M.ShamimKaiser,RamaniKannan,andRachnaShah 12.1Introduction
13.Responsesurfacemethodology-based optimizationofparametersforbiodieselproduction
PijushDutta,BittabBiswas,BiplabPal, MadhurimaMajumder,andAmitKumarDas
13.1Introduction
13.3Mathematicalmodelofbiodieselproduction
14.Reservoirsimulationmodelforthedesign ofirrigationprojects
SivaRamakrishnaMadeti,GauravSaini, andKrishnaKumar
15.Effectofhydrofoilsonthestartingtorque characteristicsoftheDarrieushydrokineticturbine GauravSaini,AnujKumar,andR.P.Saini
Contributors
Numbersinparenthesesindicatethepagesonwhichtheauthors’contributionsbegin.
ShiladityaAcharya (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensor Systems(SAMGESS),Howrah,India
SabbirAhmed (49),InstituteofInformationTechnology,JahangirnagarUniversity, Dhaka,Bangladesh
BittabBiswas (321),DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering, GlobalInstituteofManagementandTechnology,Krishnagar,WestBengal,India
SukantaBose (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensorSystems (SAMGESS),Howrah,India
SusantaChakraborty (63),DepartmentofComputerScienceandTechnology(CST), IndianInstituteofEngineeringScienceandTechnology(IIEST)Shibpur,Howrah, India
ParthaChaudhuri (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensor Systems(SAMGESS),Howrah,India
AmitKumarDas (321),DepartmentofPhysics,GlobalInstituteofManagementand Technology,Krishnagar,WestBengal,India
GourabDas (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensorSystems (SAMGESS),Howrah,India
PoonamB.Dhabai (21),PoornimaUniversity,Jaipur,India
PijushDutta (321),DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,Global InstituteofManagementandTechnology,Krishnagar,WestBengal,India
GauravDwivedi (1),EnergyCentre,MaulanaAzadNationalInstituteofTechnology, Bhopal,India
AdarshGaurav (1),EnergyCentre,MaulanaAzadNationalInstituteofTechnology, Bhopal,India
HebaAhmedHassan (149),ElectricalPowerEngineeringDepartment,Cairo University,Giza,Egypt
M.ShahidulIslam (49),InstituteofInformationTechnology,JahangirnagarUniversity, Dhaka,Bangladesh
Md.MehediIslam (49),DepartmentofElectronics&CommunicationEngineering, HajeeMohammadDaneshScience&TechnologyUniversity,Dinajpur,Bangladesh
BholaJha (131),G.B.PantInstituteofEngineeringandTechnology,Pauri, Uttarakhand,India
M.ShamimKaiser (49,309),InstituteofInformationTechnology,Jahangirnagar University,Dhaka,Bangladesh
RamaniKannan (309),ElectricalandElectronicsEngineeringDepartment,University ofTechnologyPETRONAS(UTP),SeriIskandar,Malaysia
NishantRajKapoor (187),CSIR-CBRI,AcSIR—AcademyofScientificand InnovativeResearch,Roorkee,India
SujeetKesharvani (1),EnergyCentre,MaulanaAzadNationalInstituteofTechnology, Bhopal,India
MohammadKhoobani (291),DepartmentofMechanicalandMechatronics Engineering,ShahroodUniversityofTechnology,Shahroud,Iran
AmanKumar (187),CSIR-CBRI,AcSIR—AcademyofScientificandInnovative Research,Roorkee,India
AnujKumar (1,359),SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,VelloreInstituteof Technology,Vellore,India
KrishnaKumar (49,187,309,341),DepartmentofHydroandRenewableEnergy, IndianInstituteofTechnologyRoorkee,Roorkee;Research&DevelopmentUnit, UttarakhandJalVidyutNigam(UJVN)Ltd.,Dehradun,Uttarakhand,India
NarendraKumar (309),SchoolofComputing,DITUniversity,Dehradun, Uttarakhand,India
YatindraKumar (131),G.B.PantInstituteofEngineeringandTechnology,Pauri, Uttarakhand,India
JiaLiu (273),DepartmentofBuildingEnvironmentandEnergyEngineering,Faculty ofConstructionandEnvironment,HongKongPolytechnicUniversity,Kowloon, HongKong,China
SivaRamakrishnaMadeti (341),UniversityofSantiagoChile,Santiago,Chile
SantanuMaity (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensorSystems (SAMGESS),Howrah,India
MadhurimaMajumder (321),DepartmentofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineering, MirmadanMohanlalGovernmentPolytechnic,Gobindapur,WestBengal,India
NabinChandraMandal (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensor Systems(SAMGESS),Howrah,India
AnupamNandi (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensorSystems (SAMGESS),Howrah,India
MortezaAzimiNasab (291),DepartmentofBusinessDevelopmentandTechnology, CTIFGlobalCapsule,AarhusUniversity,Herning,Denmark
KamarajNithyanandhan (1),DepartmentofAutomobileEngineering,Kongu EngineeringCollege,Erode,India
BiplabPal (321),DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,Global InstituteofManagementandTechnology,Krishnagar,WestBengal,India
ManojKumarPanda (131),G.B.PantInstituteofEngineeringandTechnology,Pauri, Uttarakhand,India
TamalikaPanda (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensor Systems(SAMGESS),Howrah,India
Md.SazzadurRahman (49),InstituteofInformationTechnology,Jahangirnagar University,Dhaka,Bangladesh
SouravSadhukhan (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensor Systems(SAMGESS),Howrah,India
HiranmaySaha (63),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyandSensorSystems (SAMGESS),Howrah,India
GauravSaini (1,309,341,359),SchoolofAdvancedMaterials,GreenEnergyand SensorSystems,IndianInstituteofEngineeringScienceandTechnologyShibpur, Howrah,WestBengal,India
R.P.Saini (359),DepartmentofHydroandRenewableEnergy,IndianInstituteof TechnologyRoorkee,Roorkee,India
TinaSamavat (291),DepartmentofMechanicalandMechatronicsEngineering, ShahroodUniversityofTechnology,Shahroud,Iran
PadmanabhanSanjeevikumar (291),DepartmentofBusinessDevelopmentand Technology,CTIFGlobalCapsule,AarhusUniversity,Herning,Denmark
SakshiSarathe (1),EnergyCentre,MaulanaAzadNationalInstituteofTechnology, Bhopal,India
SamirSettoul (149),DepartmentofElectrotechnic,MentouriUniversityofConstantine 1,Constantine,Algeria
RachnaShah (309),IndianInstituteofInformationTechnology,Guwahati,Assam, India
NeerajTiwari (21),PoornimaUniversity,Jaipur,India
MohammadZand (291),DepartmentofBusinessDevelopmentandTechnology,CTIF GlobalCapsule,AarhusUniversity,Herning,Denmark
MohamedZellagui (149),DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,UniversityofQuebec, Montreal,QC,Canada;DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,UniversityofBatna2, Batna,Algeria
YuekuanZhou (237,257,273),SustainableEnergyandEnvironmentThrust,Function Hub,TheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Guangzhou,China; DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,TheHongKong UniversityofScienceandTechnology,ClearWaterBay,HongKongSAR,China
Abouttheeditors
Er.KrishnaKumar ispresentlyworkingasaresearchanddevelopmentengineeratUJVNLtd.BeforejoiningUJVNL,heworkedasAssistantProfessorat BTKIT,Dwarahat(Uttarakhand),India.HereceivedhisBE(Electronicsand CommunicationEngineering)fromGovindBallabhPantEngineeringCollege, PauriGarhwal,Uttarakhand,India,andMTech(DigitalSystems)fromMotilal NehruNationalInstituteofTechnology,Allahabad,India.Heisalsopursuing hisPhDfromtheIndianInstituteofTechnology,Roorkee,India.Hehasmore than12yearsofindustrialandteachingexperienceandhaspublishednumerous researchpapersininternationaljournalslikeIEEE,Elsevier,Taylor&Francis, Springer,andWiley.Hisresearchareaincludesrenewableenergy,artificial intelligence,cloudcomputing,andtheInternetofthings.
Dr.RamShringarRao receivedhisPhD(ComputerScienceandTechnology) fromtheJawaharlalNehruUniversity,NewDelhi,India.Heobtainedhis MTech(IT)andBE(CSE)in2005and2000,respectively.Heworkedasan AssociateProfessorintheDepartmentofComputerScience,IndiraGandhi NationalTribalUniversity(aCentralUniversityinMadhyaPradesh)fromApril 2016toMarch2018.HeiscurrentlyworkingintheDepartmentofComputer ScienceandEngineeringofNetajiSubhasUniversityofTechnology,EastCampus,Delhi,India.Hehasmorethan18yearsofteaching,administrative,and researchexperience.Hehaspublishedmorethan100researchpapers,including editedbookswithgoodimpactfactorsinreputedInternationaljournalsandconferences,includingIEEE,Elsevier,Springer,Wiley&Sons,Taylor&Francis, IERILetters,AmericanInstituteofPhysics,etc.Hiscurrentresearchinterests includemobileadhocnetworks,vehicularadhocnetworks,flyingadhoc networks,andcloudcomputing.
Dr.OmprakashKaiwartya iscurrentlyworkingattheSchoolofScience& Technology,NottinghamTrentUniversity(NTU),UnitedKingdom,asaSenior LecturerandCourseLeaderforMScEngineering(Electronics,Cybernetics, andCommunications).Previously,hewasaResearchAssociate(equivalent toSeniorLecturer)intheDepartmentofComputerandInformationScience atNorthumbriaUniversity,Newcastle,UnitedKingdom,where,hewas involvedinthegLINKEuropeanUnionproject.Priortothis,hewasaPostDoctoralFellow(equivalenttoLecturer)intheFacultyofComputing,
UniversityofTechnology(UTM),Malaysia.BeforemovingtoMalaysia,he completedhisBScinComputerSciencefromGuruGhansidasCentralUniversity,BilaspurChhattisgarh,India,andcombinedmaster’sdegreeandPhDfrom theSchoolofComputerandSystemsScience,JawaharlalNehruUniversity (JNU),NewDelhi,India.Overall,hehasauthored/co-authoredover100internationalpublicationsincludingjournalarticles,conferenceproceedings,book chapters,andbooks.Dr.Kaiwartya’sresearchinterestfocusesontheIoTcentricsmartenvironmentfordiversedomainareas,includingtransport,healthcare,andindustrialproduction.Hisrecentscientificcontributionsaretothe Internetofconnectedvehicles(IoV),E-mobility,electronicvehiclescharging management(EV),Internetofhealthcarethings(IoHT),smartusecaseimplementationofsensornetworks,andnextgenerationwirelesscommunication technologies(6Gandbeyond).
Furthermore,OmprakashisaFellowoftheHigherEducationAcademy (FHEA),IEEESeniormember,andBCSProfessionalmember.Hehasserved asaTPCmemberorreviewerinover100internationalconferencesandworkshopsincludingIEEEGlobecom,IEEEICC,IEEECCNC,IEEEICNC,IEEE VTC,IEEEINFOCOM,ACMCoNEXT,ACMMobiHoc,ACMSAC,and manymore.Furthermore,hehasreviewedpapersformorethan30international journalsincludingIEEEMagazinesonWirelessCommunications,Networks, Communications,IEEECommunicationsLetters,IEEESensorsLetters,IEEE TransactionsonIndustrialInformatics,VehicularTechnologies,Intelligent TransportationSystems,BigData,andMobileComputing.Moreover,Dr.Kaiwartyahasbeenaneditorialmemberofvariousspecialissuesofthetop-ranked IEEEOpenJournaloftheCommunicationSociety,andservedasanAssociate EditorofIETIntelligentTransportSystems,IEEEInternetofThingsJournal, Springer,EURASIPJournalonWirelessCommunicationandNetworking, MDPIElectronics,AdHocandSensorWirelessNetworks,andKSIITransactionsonInternetandInformationSystems.
Dr.M.ShamimKaiser iscurrentlyworkingasaProfessorattheInstituteof InformationTechnologyofJahangirnagarUniversity,Savar,Dhaka,Bangladesh.Hereceivedhisbachelor’sandmaster’sdegreesinAppliedPhysics,Electronics,andCommunicationEngineeringfromtheUniversityofDhaka, Bangladesh,in2002and2004,respectively,andPhDinTelecommunication EngineeringfromtheAsianInstituteofTechnology(AIT)Pathumthani,Thailand,in2010.Hiscurrentresearchinterestsincludedataanalytics,machine learning,wirelessnetworksandsignalprocessing,cognitiveradionetworks, bigdataandcybersecurity,andrenewableenergy.Hehasauthoredmorethan 100papersindifferentpeer-reviewedjournalsandconferencesandhisGoogle Scholarcitationcountismorethan1020.
HeisanAssociateEditoroftheIEEEAccessJournalandGuestEditorof BrainInformaticsJournalandCognitiveComputationJournal.Dr.Kaiserisa lifememberoftheBangladeshElectronicSocietyandBangladeshPhysical
Society.HeisalsoaseniormemberofIEEE,UnitedStates,andIEICE,Japan, andanactivevolunteeroftheIEEEBangladeshSection.Heisthefounding ChapterChairoftheIEEEBangladeshSectionComputerSocietyChapter.
Dr.SanjeevikumarPadmanaban (Member2012,SeniorMember2015, IEEE)receivedhisPhDinElectricalEngineeringfromtheUniversityofBologna,Bologna,Italy,in2012.HewasanAssociateProfessorwithVITUniversityfrom2012to2013.In2013,hejoinedtheNationalInstituteofTechnology, India,asaFacultyMember.In2014,hewasinvitedasaVisitingResearcherat theDepartmentofElectricalEngineering,QatarUniversity,Doha,Qatar, fundedbytheQatarNationalResearchFoundation(GovernmentofQatar). HecontinuedhisresearchactivitieswiththeDublinInstituteofTechnology, Dublin,Ireland,in2014,andservedasanAssociateProfessorwiththeDepartmentofElectricalandElectronicsEngineering,UniversityofJohannesburg, Johannesburg,SouthAfrica,from2016to2018.Since2018,hehasbeenaFacultyMemberwiththeDepartmentofEnergyTechnology,AalborgUniversity, Esbjerg,Denmark.Hehasauthoredover300scientificpapers.
Dr.PadmanabanwastherecipientoftheBestPapercumMostExcellence ResearchPaperAwardfromIET-SEISCON2013,IET-CEAT2016, IEEE-EECSI2019,andIEEE-CENCON2019,andfivebestpaperawardsfrom theETAEERE2016sponsoredLectureNotesinElectricalEngineering, Springer,book.HeisaFellowoftheInstitutionofEngineers,India,theInstitutionofElectronicsandTelecommunicationEngineers,India,andtheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology,UnitedKingdom.HeisanEditor/ AssociateEditor/EditorialBoardforrefereedjournals,inparticulartheIEEE SystemsJournal,IEEETransactiononIndustryApplications,IEEEAccess, IETPowerElectronics,IETElectronicsLetters,andWileyInternationalTransactionsonElectricalEnergySystems,SubjectEditorialBoardMember— EnergySources—EnergiesJournal,MDPI,andthesubjecteditorfortheIET RenewablePowerGeneration,IETGeneration,TransmissionandDistribution, andFACTSjournal(Canada).
Preface
Energyisabasicneedforthedevelopmentofhumanbeingsandwillalwaysbe partofthecontextofourdailylife.Anincreaseinenergydemandduetoan increaseinpopulationandutilizationhasputextrapressureontheexisting energygenerationinfrastructures.Thisburdencanonlyberesolvedbyinstallingnewpowerplantsbasedonrenewableenergyresources.Energygeneration throughrenewableenergysourcesissustainableinnature,whichminimizesthe environmentaleffect.However,anincreaseintherenewableenergygeneration sharedestabilizesthegrid.Amongalltheavailablerenewableenergysources, solarandwindenergysourcesarethedominantemergingforms,andthese powerplantshaveshortgestationperiods.Hydroandwindenergygeneration systemsconvertmechanicalpowertoelectricalpower,whereassolarenergy generationsystemsconvertsolarradiationintoelectricity.Theselectionofa particularenergysourceisgenerallymadebasedontheavailableenergydensity alongwiththetechno-economicfeasibilityoftheconversion.
Thedevelopmentincapacitybuildingforrenewableenergygenerationhas sparkedaparadigmchangeintheenergysector.Duetochangesasthesources ofenergygenerationshift,issuesofgridstabilityhavebeenaffected.The energydemandmarketacceleratestofocusoninnovativetechnologiesintegratedwithrenewableenergysystems.Variouscomplexnonlinearinteractions amongdifferentparametersdrivetheintegrationofrenewableenergywiththe grid.Artificialintelligence(AI),theInternetofthings(IoT),andcloudcomputingtechniquesarebeingutilizedtoproducemorereliableenergygenerationand tooptimizesystemperformance.
Themajortopicsinthisbookarecoveredindepth. Chapter1 isaboutthe applicationofalternativecleanenergyinthetransportationsector,energyproduction,andcooking. Chapter2 presentsadetailedanalysisofastandardIEEE 30bussystemconsideringwindandsolarasenergysources.Traditional methodslikeMonteCarlo,two-pointestimation,andTaylorseriesarealsodiscussed. Chapter3 focusesmainlyonIoET-SG,advantages,andfuturechallenges,alongwitheffectivesolutions. Chapter4 discussestheevaluationof PERC/PERT/PERLsolarcells. Chapter5 addressestheissuesofinstallinga feasibleandreliablemicro-hybridgridsysteminremoteregions. Chapter6 presentsanewoptimizationalgorithmtosolvethetechno-economicproblemof optimallocationandsizingofRES-baseddistributedgenerators(DG)inthe EDSs. Chapter7 isanoverviewofavailablerenewableenergygeneration technologies.
Chapter8 presentsanoverviewofmachinelearning(ML)applicationsin buildingenergydemandpredictionforcooling,heating,andelectricalenergy systems. Chapter9 discussesanoverviewofsolarcellcoolingtechniques, includingpassive,active,andcombinedpassive/activestrategies.Themechanismofmachinelearningfortheperformancepredictionofnonlinearsystemsis studiedintermsoftraining,validation,andtestingprocesses. Chapter10 presentsagent-based,peer-to-peer(P2P)energytrading,withdynamicinternal pricingintermsofvariousenergytradingforms,underlyingmechanisms, andmathematicalmodels.Theapplicationsandprospectsofblockchainand machinelearningtechnologiesinP2Penergytradinghavebeenreviewedto showrecentprogressandadvances. Chapter11 discussesmachinelearningbasedhybriddemand-sidecontrollers. Chapter12 discussestheclassifications ofdailypowergenerationdataofahydropowerplantusingtheunsupervised self-organizingmaps(SOM)clusteringtechniquetodecidetheenergygenerationtargetforindividualpowerplants.
Chapter13 coversbiodieselenergygenerationoptimizationtechniques. Equationresponsesurfacemethodologyisutilizedtobuildthenumericalmodel whiletheadvancedelephantswarmwatersearchalgorithm(ESWSA)isusedto testthenonlinearmodel. Chapter14 presentsasimulationmodelforoptimizing areservoirtodeterminethebest,andcorrectquantityof,futureirrigationfacilitiesthatcanbeprovidedintheproposedscheme.Itgoesontolookattheapplicabilityofsimulationinreservoirplanning. Chapter15 discussesthe performanceofhydrokineticturbinesundervariousanglesofattack(AoA) ofbladeprofile.
Thetargetaudienceofthisbookareresearchers,academicians,technical institutes,R&Dlaboratories,datascientistsworkinginthefieldsofrenewable energy,AI,cloudcomputing,IoT,microgrid,smartgrid,andwaterresources, andinvestorswhowanttoanalyzeandunderstandthechallenges,benefits,and possibilitiesavailablefortheimprovementinsystemperformance.
