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Thisreferenceworkisintendedtoprovideinformationaboutchemicalhazardsandguidelinesforthosetrained intheuseandstorageofhazardousmaterials,aswellasthosetrainedtorespondtospills,leaks,andaccidents involvingthosematerials.Theworkisnotintendedasaprimarysourceofresearchinformation.Aswithanyreference,itcannotincludeallinformationordiscussallsituationsthatmightoccur.Itcannotbeassumedthatall necessarywarningsandprecautionarymeasuresarecontainedinthiswork;other,oradditional,informationor assessmentsmayberequired.Mostofall,itcannotreplacetheexpertise,andexperienceoftrainedprofessionals orqualifiedresponders.
Asinformationmaynotbeavailableforsomechemicals,anabsenceofdatadoesnotnecessarilymeanthat asubstanceisnothazardous.Formajorincidents,itwillbenecessarytoobtainadditionaldetailedinformation fromotherresourcesaswellasmoreexpertisefromthosewithextensivetraining.NeitherthePublishernorthe Editorsassumeanyliabilityorresponsibilityforcompletenessoraccuracyoftheinformationpresentedorany damagesofanykindallegedtoresultinconnectionwith,orarisingfrom,theuseofthiswork.
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Thispageintentionallyleftblank
ortankcarsthattransporthighlydangerousandpossibly lethalchemicals.“Thesefacilitiesarefoundaroundthe countryinindustrialparks,inseaports,andnearthemajor populationcenters.Dangerouschemicalsroutinelytravel alongourhighways,inlandwaterways,andonrailcarsthat passthroughtheheartofmajorcitiesincluding Washington,D.C.,justashortdistancefromCapitolHill. TerroristattacksontheUSchemicalindustryhavethe potentialtokilltensofthousandsofAmericansandseriouslyinjuremanymore.Inmanyinstances,theseattacks holdthepotentialforhavingacascadingeffectacrossother infrastructures,particularlyintheenergyandtransportation sectors.Thisisbothbecauseofthedamagethatcanbe causedbytheattack,andtheenormousexpenseandeffort associatedwiththeclean-uptoanaffectedareainitsaftermath.”[83] Toputitmoresimply,usingthesamelowtech/ highconceptapproachthatturnedpassengerplanesinto missiles,terroristsdonotneedtoproduceoramasschemicalweaponsorsmugglethemintotheUnitedStatesin ordertoproducegreatdamage.
“Commercialchemicalincidentsoccurtensofthousandsof timeseachyear,oftenwithdevastatingandexorbitantly expensiveconsequences.Theyareindiscriminateintheir effects.Workers,companies,thepublic,emergency responseorganizations,andalllevelsofgovernmentpay thefigurativeandliteralprice.Yet,untilnowandwithfew exceptions,chemicalincidentshavebeeninvisible.Perhaps itisduetotheirpervasiveness,ortothecommontendency tooverlookwhatistakenforgranted.”[84] Thisquoteis fromthehighlypublicized 600KReport preparedbythe ChemicalSafetyandHazardInvestigationBoard(CSB),an independent,nonpartisan,quasi-legislativeUSgovernment agency.TheCSBdescribedournation’slackofdefinitive knowledgeofthe“bigpicture”surroundingchemicalincidentsas“... theindustrialequivalentoftwo737airplanes “crashing”yearafteryear,killingallpassengers(256people)withoutanyoneseemingtonotice.”[84]
Almost40yearsago,theUnitedStatesGovernment AccountingOffice(GAO)estimatedthat62,000chemicals wereincommercialuse.Today,thatnumberhasgrownto beyond82,000.
Giventherealityofproblemsinherenttochemicalhazards, includingaccidentsandspills,theadventofnewthreatsto ourwayoflife,andthechallengesofcommunicatingcomplexdata,itisthegoalofthisworktoprovidedatasothat responsibledecisionscanbemadebyallwhomayhave contactwithchemicalscoveredinthisreferencework. Withthisinmindtheworkcanbeusedbythoseinthefollowingchemicalfieldsandrelatedprofessions:
Appliedresearchandproductdevelopment
Attorneys
Campussafetyandhealth
Certifiedchemicalhygieneofficer(CCHO)
Chemicalengineering
Chemicalhealthandsafety
Chemicalinformaticsandinformationmanagement
Chemicalsmanufacturersanddistributors
Chemicaltechnology
Certifiedhazardousmaterialsmanager(CHMM)
Certifiedhealthphysicist(CHP)
Certifiedindustrialhygienist(CIH)
Certifiedsafetyprofessional(CSP)
Dyes,pigmentsandinks
Emergencyresponsepersonnel
Environmentalprotectionandmanagement
Forensicchemistry
Formulationchemistry
Hazardouswastemanagement
Industrialmanagement
Laboratorymanagement
Losscontrolmanagement
Pesticidedistributors
Processchemistry
Processsafety
Projectmanagement
Publicinformationandoutreach
Publichealth
Qualitycontrolandassurance
Regulatoryaffairs
Researchers
Sciencepolicy
Technicalcommunications
Technicalsupport
Toxicology
Waterchemistry
Thechemicalschosenforinclusionareofficiallyrecognizedsubstances,manyidentifiedascarcinogens,as belongingtosomedesignatedcategoryofhazardousor toxicmaterials;withnumericallydefinedsafelimitsinair intheworkplace,ambientair,water;inwasteeffluents.For themostpartthesearematerialsofcommercethatcanbe heavilyusedandmaybetransportedinbulk.
The7theditioncontainsmorechemicalsanddataforeach material.Inkeepingwiththebroadchangesinitiatedwith thefourthedition,contentsofthe7theditionarefocused ontheconceptof“regulatedchemicals.”Thecarcinogen potentialofeachchemicalwascomparedtolistingsand reportsfromeminentauthoritiesastheInternational AgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC),theUSNational ToxicologyProgram(NTP)andtheUSEnvironmental ProtectionAgency.
The“RegulatoryAuthorityandAdvisoryBodies”section containsnewitemsincluding,whereavailable,EPAGeneToxProgramfindings,andmanyoftheindividuallistings nowcontainusefuladvicesoughtafterbytheregulated community.Asaresult,thenewvolumeshouldbeeven
morepracticalforthoseusersofspecificchemicals,andto thoseconcernedwithbothadherenceto,andenforcement of,regulations.
Dataisfurnished,totheextentcurrentlyavailable,inauniformmultisectionuniformformattomakeiteasyforusers whomustfindinformationquicklyand/orcomparethedata containedwithinrecords,inanyoralloftheseimportant categories:
ChemicalNameandRecordNumber
ChemicalFormula
Synonyms(includingtradenames)
CodeNumbers(includingCASRegistry,HSDB,RTECS, UN/NA&ERG,EC)
RegulatoryAuthorityandAdvisoryInformation (summary)
Description(includingphysicalproperties,explosionand firedataandwaterreactionandsolubility)
PotentialExposure
Incompatibilities
PermissibleExposureLimitsinAir
DeterminationinAir
PermissibleConcentrationinWater
DeterminationinWater
RoutesofEntry
Short-TermExposure
Long-TermExposure
PointsofAttack
MedicalSurveillance
FirstAid
Decontamination(selectedrecords)
PersonalProtectiveMethods
RespiratorSelection
Storage
Shipping
SpillHandling
FireExtinguishing
DisposalMethodSuggested
References
ABriefhistoryofthiswork
Sittig’sHandbookofToxicandHazardousChemicalsand Carcinogens wasfirstpublishedmorethan35yearsago. Thisworkcontinuestoprovidefirstrespondersandoccupationalandenvironmentalhealthandsafetyprofessionals withanaccessibleandportablereferencesource.Basedon acountofCASnumbers,theseventheditionofthishandbookcontainsdataonalmost2600toxicandhazardous chemicals(upfromnearly600inthefirstedition,nearly
800inthesecondedition,nearly1300inthethirdedition, andnearly1500inthefourthedition,and2200inthesixth edition).
AccordingtotheUnitedStateLibraryofCongress,thehistoryoftheprojectisasfollows:1steditionpublishedin 1981;2ndeditionpublishedin1985;3rdeditionpublished in1991;4theditionpublishedin2001;5thedition November2007;6thedition2012,7thedition:2017.
Acknowledgments
Thecompilationofthis7theditioncouldnothavebeen realizedwithoutthecontributionsofmanyoftheresearchers,scientists,contractemployeesandinstitutionsthat developedtheexcellentdocumentsanddatabasesthatprovidedsomuchoftheessentialdatathatappearinthis work.Afulllistofthesecontributorsisimpossibletocompile.Nevertheless,Innoparticularorder,Iwishto acknowledgethethoseassociatedwithUSEnvironmental ProtectionAgency(EPA);UnitedStatesDepartmentof Labor;OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration (OSHA);DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices; NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth (NIOSH);USDepartmentofEnergy(DOE);Agencyfor ToxicSubstancesandDiseaseRegistry(ATSDR); AmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists(ACGIH);DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft (DFG);CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC); NOAA;UnitedStatesNationalLibraryofMedicine(NLM) NationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH);HazardousSubstance DataBank(HSDB)and(TOXNET);USDepartmentof HealthandHumanServices,PublicHealthService, NationalToxicologyProgram(NTP);FederalEmergency ManagementAgency(FEMA);USDepartmentof Transportation(DOT);USCoastGuard(USCG);National FireProtectionAssociation(NFPA);InternationalAgency forResearchonCancer;(IARC);NewJerseyDepartment ofHealthandSeniorServices;ChemicalSafetyandHazard InvestigationBoard(CSB);UnitedNationsEnvironment Programme;thestatesofNewYorkandNewJersey,and manyothergovernmentorganizations,organizationsand companies.Itisnearlyimpossibletoexpresstheextentof mygratitudetoallofthemfortheircontributionstomy research.
Althougheveryefforthasbeenmadetoproducean accurateandhighlyusefulhandbook,theeditorsand Publisherappreciatestheneed-forconstantimprovement. Anycomments,corrections,oradvicefromusersofthis bookarewelcomedbytheauthorwhoasksthatallcorrespondencebesubmittedinwritingandmaileddirectlyto thepublisherwhowillmaintainafileforreprintsand futureeditions.
HSDBNumber:HSDBisatoxicologydatafileonthe NationalLibraryofMedicine’s(NLM’s)ToxicologyData Network(TOXNET).HSDBisorganizedintoindividual chemicalrecords,andcontainsover5000suchrecords. HSDBisadatabasefocusedprimarilyonthetoxicologyof potentiallyhazardouschemicals.TheinformationinHSDB hasbeenassessedbyaScientificReviewPanel.Usingyour computerbrowserandenteringasearchsuchas“HSDB (followedbytheNumber)”shouldtakeyoutotheexact recordyouareseeking.
RTECSNumber:RTECS(RegistryofToxicEffectsof ChemicalSubstances)isacompendiumofdataextracted fromtheopenscientificliterature.Thedataarerecordedin theformatdevelopedbytheRTECSstaffatNIOSHand arrangedinalphabeticalorderbyprimechemical name.[NIOSH] TheRTECSnumbersareuniqueidentifiers assignedNIOSH.TheRTECSnumberintheformat “AAnnnnnnn”(twoalphabeticcharactersfollowedby sevennumericcharacters)maybeusefulforonlinesearchingforadditionaltoxicologicinformationonspecificsubstances.Itcan,forexample,beusedtoprovideaccessto theMEDLARScomputerizedliteratureretrievalservicesof theNLMinWashington,DC.TheRTECSnumberandthe CASnumbercanservetonarrowdownonlinesearches. TheRTECSDatabaseiscurrentlyavailablefromagrowing listof“value-added”vendorsthatarelistedontheInternet fromNIOSHorCDC.IntheUS1-800-232-4636;Outside theUS1-513-533-8328orbyEmail:cdcinfo@cdc.gov.
UN/NA&ERGNumber:UnitedNations-NorthAmerica numbersarefour-digitnumbersthatidentifyanindividual chemicalorgroupofhazardoussubstances,chemicalsor articles(suchasexplosives,corrosivesubstances,pesticides,grenades,etc.)withsimilarcharacteristics.These four-digitnumbersarenormallyprecededbyUNorNA (e.g.,UN1759-NA1759).UN/NAnumbersarerequiredto appearonshippingdocuments,andareoftendisplayedon warninglabels,theexteriorofpackages,andonspecified containerssuchastruckorrailwayplacards.TheseID (identification)numbersmayalsobecalledNA(North American)numbersorDOT(Departmentof Transportation)numbers.[cameo] UNnumbersareassigned bytheUnitedNationsCommitteeofExpertsonthe TransportofDangerousGoods.IdentificationnumberscontainingaUNprefix(UnitedNationsnumbers)areauthorizedforusewithallinternationalshipmentsofhazardous materials.NAnumbersareassignedbytheUnitedStates DOTandusuallycorrespondclosely,butnotalwaysprecisely,totheUNlisting.The“NA”prefixisusedforshipmentsbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStates only,andmay not beusedforotherinternationalshipments.SomechemicalswithoutanassignedUNnumbermayhaveanNA number.TheselatterNAnumbersareusuallyintheformat andrangeofNA8000 NA9999.UseoftheseIDnumbers forhazardousmaterialswill(1)servetoverifydescriptions ofchemicals;(2)provideforrapididentificationofmaterialswhenitmightbeinappropriateorconfusingtorequire
thedisplayoflengthychemicalnamesonvehicles;(3)aid inspeedingcommunicationofinformationonmaterials fromaccidentscenesandinthereceiptofmoreaccurate emergencyresponseinformation;and(4)provideameans forquickaccesstoimmediateemergencyresponseinformationinthe NorthAmericanEmergencyResponse Guidebook (ERG)andalsointheinternationalpublication, RecommendationsontheTransportofDangerousGoods, alsoknownasthe OrangeBook. ECNumber:TheEuropeanCommissionnumberisaseven digitidentificationcodeusedincountriesoftheEuropean Union(EU)forcommerciallyavailablechemicalsubstanceswithintheEU.Thisnumberisanidentification number(ID)from EuropeanInventoryofExisting CommercialChemicalSubstances,publishedbythe EuropeanEnvironmentAgency,Copenhagen,Denmark. TheECnumbersupercedestheoutmodedEINECS, ELINCSandNLPnumbers.Thissectionalsoincludes “AnnexI,IndexNumber”fortheExportandImportof DangerousChemicalsfoundinAnnexIofRegulation(EC) No.689/2008.
RegulatoryAuthorityandAdvisoryBodies: Thissectioncontainsalistingofmajorregulatoryandadvisoriesforthechemicalofconcern,including,butnotlimitedto,HomelandSecurity,OSHA,USEPA,DFG (Germany),USDOT,ACGIH,IARC,NTP,WHMIS (Canada)andtheEC,etc.Manylaworregulatoryreferencesinthisworkhavebeenabbreviated.Forexample, Title40oftheCFR,Part261,subpart32hasbeenabbreviatedas40CFR261.32.Thesymbol“y ”maybeusedaswell todesignatea“section”or“part.”
● UnitedStatesDepartmentofHomelandSecurity. Includes“chemicalsofinterest”fromTheChemical FacilityAnti-TerrorismStandards(CFATSActof 2014)programandthe FederalRegister,AppendixA, includingallprovisionsof6CFRPart27,including y 27.210(a)(1)(i).Indevelopingthelist,theDHSlooked toexistingexpertsourcesofinformationincluding otherfederalregulationsrelatedtochemicals,includingthefollowing:chemicalscoveredundertheUnited StatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’sRisk ManagementProgram.Chemicalsincludedinthe ChemicalWeaponsConvention.Hazardousmaterials, suchasgasesthatarepoisonousbyinhalation. ExplosivesregulatedbytheDOT.TheDepartmentof HomelandSecurityhasidentifiedthreesecurityissues relatedtochemicals: Release—Toxic,flammable,or explosivechemicalsormaterialsthat,ifreleasedfrom afacility,havethepotentialforsignificantadverse consequencesforhumanlifeorhealth. Theftor Diversion—Chemicalsormaterialsthat,ifstolenor diverted,havethepotentialtobemisusedasweapons oreasilyconvertedintoweaponsusingchemical
manipulationandtechniquesandrelatedequipment withtheintentofcreatingsignificantadverseconsequencesforhumanlifeorhealth. Sabotageor Contamination—Chemicalsormaterialsthat,ifmixed withotherandpossiblyreadilyavailablematerials, havethepotentialtocreatesignificantadverseconsequencesforhumanlifeorhealth.Alsoconsidered werethesesecurityissuesaswellastodeterminetheir potentialfutureinclusioninthefinalversionof AppendixA,and/orcoverageunder ChemicalFacility Anti-TerrorismStandards:CriticaltoGovernment Mission—Chemicalsorfacilitiesthelossofwhich couldcreatesignificantadverseconsequencesfor nationalsecurityortheabilityofthegovernmentto deliveressentialservices,and CriticaltoNational Economy—Chemicalsorfacilitiesthelossofwhich couldcreatesignificantadverseconsequencesforthe nationalorregionaleconomy.
● Carcinogenicity:listsknownandsuspectedhuman carcinogens,theagencymakingsuchadetermination, thenatureofthecarcinogenicity.Thefollowinglists andagencieswereconsulted: USDepartmentof HealthandHumanServices13thReporton Carcinogens(10/2/2014).UnitedStates EnvironmentalProtectionAgency:USEPA’sgeneral categoriesrecognizedbythe2005guidelinesareas follows: GroupA:CarcinogenictoHumans:Agents withadequatehumandatatodemonstratethecausal associationoftheagentwithhumancancer(typically epidemiologicdata). GroupB:ProbablyCarcinogenic toHumans:Agentswithsufficientevidence(i.e., indicativeofacausalrelationship)fromanimalbioassaydata,buteitherlimitedhumanevidence(i.e., indicativeofapossiblecausalrelationship,butnot exclusiveofalternativeexplanations;GroupB1),or withlittleornohumandata(GroupB2). GroupC: PossiblyCarcinogenictoHumans:Agentswithlimitedanimalevidenceandlittleornohumandata. GroupD:NotClassifiableastoHuman Carcinogenicity:Agentswithoutadequatedataeither tosupportorrefutehumancarcinogenicity. GroupE: EvidenceofNoncarcinogenicityforHumans:Agents thatshownoevidenceforcarcinogenicityinatleast twoadequateanimaltestsindifferentspeciesorin bothadequateepidemiologicandanimal studies.[USEPA] USDepartmentofHealthandHuman Services 13thReportonCarcinogens(RoC),(2014),a science-baseddocumentpreparedbytheNational ToxicologyProgram(NTP)thatidentifieschemical, biological,andphysicalagentsthatareconsidered cancerhazardsforpeoplelivingintheUnitedStates.
IARC(InternationalAgencyforResearchon Cancer),[12] areclassifiedastotheircarcinogenicrisk tohumansbyIARCasfollows:Group1:Human Carcinogen;Group2A:ProbableHumanCarcinogen; Group2B:PossibleHumanCarcinogen.
● ChemicalsonCalifornia’sProposition65List,revised asofSeptember30,2016.Officiallyknownasthe SafeDrinkingWaterandToxicEnforcementActof 1986.ThepropositionrequiresthattheGovernorprotectthestate’sdrinkingwatersourcesfrombeingcontaminatedwithchemicalsknowntocausecancer, birthdefectsorotherreproductiveharm,andtorevise andrepublishatleastonceperyearalistofsuchchemicals.Italsorequiresbusinessestoinform Californiansaboutexposurestochemicalsonthe revisedlist[OEHHA]
● This7theditioncontainsabriefsummarylabeled “HazardAlert”.Thepurposeofthissectionisto quicklynotifyusersofspecificdangersrelatedtoeach chemicalsofinterest.Followingisa sample ofwarningsappearinginthissection:Asphyxiationhazard ● Combustibleliquid ● Containsgasunderpressure ● mayexplodeifheated ● Endocrinedisruptors(high/ medium/low,whereavailable) ● Dangerousnerve agent ● Extremelyflammablegas ● Flammableliquid ● Frostbite/Cryogenicburnhazard ● Poisoninhalation hazard:exposurecanbelethal ● Polymerizationhazard(high) ● Polymerizationhazard . 30 C ● Possible riskofformingtumors ● Primaryirritant(w/oallergic reaction) ● Sensitizationhazard(skin,respiratory) ● Suspectedofcausinggeneticdefects ● Suspected reprotoxichazard ● Environmentalhazard,etc. Warning:Thissectionismerelyaguideanddoesnot purporttobecompleteforeverychemicalcoveredin thiswork.
● Abannedorseverelyrestrictedproductasdesignated bytheUnitedNations[13] orbytheUSEPAOfficeof PesticideProgramsunderFIFRA(FederalInsecticide, FungicideandRodenticideAct).[14]
● Asubstancewithanairpollutantstandardsetor recommendedbyOSHAand/orNIOSH,[58] ACGIH,[1] DFG.[3] TheOSHAlimitsaretheenforceablepre1989PELs.Thetransitionallimitsthatwerevacated bycourtorderhavenotbeenincluded.However,the vacatedlimitsareusedandenforcedbysomestates. Someairbornelimits,forexample,suchasthosefrom NIOSHandACGIHarerecommendationsthatdonot carrytheforceoflaw.
● AsubstancewhoseallowableconcentrationsinworkplaceairareadoptedorproposedbytheAmerican ConferenceofGovernmentIndustrialHygienists
(ACGIH),[1] DFG[DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft (GermanResearchSociety)].[3] Substanceswhose allowableconcentrationsinairandothersafetyconsiderationshavebeenconsideredbyOSHAand NIOSH.[2] Substanceswhichhavelimitssetinworkplaceair,inresidentialair,inwaterfordomesticpurposesorinwaterforfisherypurposesassetforthby theformerUSSRUNEP/IRPTCProject.[43]
● SubstancesthatarespecificallyregulatedbyOSHA under29CFR1910.1001to29CFR1910.1050
● Highlyhazardouschemicals,toxics,andreactivesregulatedbyOSHA’s“ProcessSafetyManagementof HighlyHazardousChemicals”under29CFR1910.119, AppendixA.SubstancesthatareHazardousAir Pollutants(TitleI,PartA, y 112)asamendedunder 42USC7412.Thislistprovidedforregulatingatleast 189specificsubstancesusingtechnology-basedstandardsthatemployMaximumAchievableControl Technology(MACT)standards;and,possiblyhealthbasedstandardsifrequiredatalatertime. y 112ofthe CleanAirAct(CAA)requiresemissioncontrolbythe EPAonasource-by-sourcebasis.Therefore,theemissionofsubstancesonthislistdoesnotnecessarily meanthatafirmissubjecttoregulation.
● RegulatedToxicSubstancesandThresholdQuantities forAccidentalReleasePrevention.Theseappearas AccidentalReleasePrevention/FlammableSubstances, CleanAirAct(CAA) y 112(r),Table3,TQ(threshold quantity)inpoundsandkilogramsunder40CFR68.130. Theaccidentalreleasepreventionregulationsappliesto stationarysourcesthathavepresentmorethanathresholdquantityofaCAA y 112(r)regulatedsubstance.
● CleanAirAct(CAA)PublicLaw101 549,TitleVI, ProtectionofStratosphericOzone,SubpartA, AppendixA,classIandAppendixB,ClassII, ControlledSubstances,(CFCs)Ozonedepletingsubstancesunder40CFR82.
● CleanWaterAct(CWA)PrioritytoxicwaterpollutantsdefinedbytheUSEnvironmentalProtection Agencyfor65pollutantsandclassesofpollutants whichyielded129specificsubstances.[6]
● ChemicalsdesignatedbyEPAas“Hazardous Substances”[4] undertheCleanWaterAct(CWA) 40CFR116.4,Table116.4A.
● CleanWaterAct(CWA) y 311HazardousMaterials DischargeReportableQuantities(RQs).Thisregulationestablishesreportablequantitiesforsubstances designatedashazardous(see y 116.4,above)andsets forthrequirementsfornotificationintheeventofdischargesintonavigablewaters.Source:40CFR117.3, amendedat60FR30937.
● CleanWaterAct(CWA) y 307ListofToxic Pollutants.Source:40CFR401.15.
● CleanWaterAct(CWA) y 307PriorityPollutantList. ThislistwasdevelopedfromtheListofToxic Pollutantsclassesdiscussedaboveandincludessubstanceswithknowntoxiceffectsonhumanand aquaticlife,andthoseknowntobe,orsuspectedof being,carcinogens,mutagens,orteratogens.Source: 40CFR423,AppendixA.
● CleanWaterAct, y 313WaterPriorityChemicals. Source:57FR41331.
● RCRAMaximumConcentrationofContaminantsfor theToxicityCharacteristicwithRegulatorylevelsin mg/L.Source:40CFR261.24.
● RCRAHazardousConstituents.Source:40CFR261, AppendixVIII.Substanceslistedhavebeenshown,in scientificstudies,tohavecarcinogenic,mutagenic, teratogenicortoxiceffectsonhumansandotherlife forms.ThislistalsocontainsRCRAwastecodes.The words,“wastenumbernotlisted”appearswhena RCRAnumberisNOTprovidedinAppendixVIII.
CharacteristicHazardousWastes
IgnitabilityAnonaqueoussolutioncontaininglessthan 24%alcoholbyvolumeandhavinga closedcupflashpointbelow60 C/140 F usingPensky Martenstesterorequivalent Anignitablecompressedgas Anonliquidcapableofburningvigorously whenignitedorcausesfirebyfriction, moistureabsorption,spontaneouschemical changesatstandardpressureand temperature Anoxidizer.See y 261.21
CorrosivityLiquidswithapHequaltoorlessthan2or equaltoormorethan12.5orwhichcorrode steelatarategreaterthan6.35mm(0.25in.) peryear@55 C/130 F.See y 261.22
ReactivityUnstablesubstancesthatundergoviolent changeswithoutdetonating Reactsviolentlywithwaterorother substancestocreatetoxicgases Formspotentiallyexplosivemixtureswith air.See y 261.23
ToxicityAwastethatleachesspecifiedamountsof metals,pesticides,ororganicchemicals usingToxicityCharacteristicLeaching Procedure(TCLP).See y 261,AppendixII, and y 268,AppendixI. ListedHazardous Wastes
“F”wastesHazardouswastesfromnonspecificsources y 261.31
“K” Wastes Hazardouswastesfromspecificsources y 261.32
“U” Wastes
Hazardouswastesfromdiscarded commercialproducts,off-specification species,containerresidues y 261.34.Covers some455compoundsandtheirsaltsand someisomersofthesecompounds
“P” Wastes Acutelyhazardouswastesfromdiscarded commercialproducts,off-specification species,containerresidues y 261.33.Covers some203compoundsandtheirsaltsplus solublecyanidesalts
Note:Ifawasteisnotfoundonanyoftheselists,itmay befoundonstatehazardouswastelists.
RCRAMaximumConcentrationofContaminantsforthe ToxicityCharacteristic.Source:40CFR261.24,TableI. Thesearelistedwithregulatorylevelinmg/Land“D” wastenumbersrepresentingthebroadwasteclassesof ignitability,corrosivity,andreactivity.
EPAHazardousWastecode(s),orRCRAnumber,appears initsownfield.Acutehazardouswastesfromcommercial chemicalproductsareidentifiedwiththeprefix“P.” Nonacutelyhazardouswastesfromcommercialchemical productsareidentifiedwiththeprefix“U.”
RCRAUniversalTreatmentStandards.Listshazardous wastesthatarebannedfromlanddisposalunlesstreatedto meetstandardsestablishedbytheregulations.Treatment standardlevelsforwastewater(reportedinmg/L)andnonwastewater[reportedinmg/kgormg/LTCLP(Toxicity CharacteristicLeachabilityProcedure)]havebeenprovided. Source:40CFR268.48andrevision,61FR15654.
RCRAGroundWaterMonitoringList.Setsstandardsfor ownersandoperatorsofhazardouswastetreatment,storage,anddisposalfacilities,andcontainstestmethodssuggestedbytheEPA(seeReportSW-846)followedbythe PracticalQuantitationLimit(PQL)showninparentheses. Theregulationappliesonlytothelistedchemical;and, althoughboththetestmethodsandPQLareprovided,they are advisoryonly.Source:40CFR264,AppendixIX. SafeDrinkingWaterAct(SDWA)MaximumContaminant LevelGoals(MCLG)forOrganicContaminants.Source: 40CFR141and40CFR141.50,amended57FR31776.
● MaximumContaminantLevels(MCL)forOrganic Contaminants.Source:40CFR141.61.
● MaximumContaminantLevelGoals(MCLG)for InorganicContaminants.Source:40CFR141.51.
● MCLforInorganicContaminants.Source: 40CFR141.62.
● MCLforInorganicChemicals.TheMCLforarsenic appliesonlytocommunitywatersystems.Compliance
withtheMCLforarseniciscalculatedpursuantto y 141.23.Source:40CFR141.11.
● SecondaryMaximumContaminantLevels(SMCL). Federaladvisorystandardsforthestatesconcerning substancesthateffectphysicalcharacteristics(i.e., smell,taste,color,etc.)ofpublicdrinkingwatersystems.Source:40CFR143.3.
● CERCLAHazardousSubstances(“RQ”Chemicals). FromConsolidatedListofChemicalsSubjecttothe EmergencyPlanningandCommunityRight-to-Know Act(EPCRA)and y 112(r)oftheCleanAirAct,as Amended.Source:EPA550-B-98-017 TitleIIIListof Lists
● ReleasesofCERCLAhazardoussubstancesinquantitiesequaltoorgreaterthantheirreportablequantity (RQ),aresubjecttoreportingtotheNationalresponse CenterunderCERCLA.Suchreleasesarealsosubject tostateandlocalreportingunder y 304ofSARATitle III(EPCRA).CERCLAhazardoussubstances,and theirreportablequantities,arelistedin40CFR302, Table302.4.RQsareshowninpoundsandkilograms forchemicalsthatareCERCLAhazardoussubstances. FormetalslistedunderCERCLA(antimony,arsenic, beryllium,cadmium,chromium,copper,lead,nickel, selenium,silver,thallium,andzinc),noreportingof releasesofthesolidisrequiredifthediameterofthe piecesofsolidmetalreleasedis100 μm(0.004in.)or greater.TheRQsshownapplytosmallerparticles.
● EPCRA y 302ExtremelyHazardousSubstances (EHS).FromConsolidatedListofChemicalsSubject totheEmergencyPlanningandCommunityRight-toKnowAct(EPCRA)and y 112(r)oftheCleanAir Act,asAmended.Source:EPA550-B-98-017 TitleIII ListofLists.ThepresenceofExtremelyHazardous SubstancesinquantitiesinexcessoftheThreshold PlanningQuantity(TPQ),requirescertainemergency planningactivitiestobeconducted.TheExtremely HazardousSubstancesandtheirTPQsarelistedin 40CFR355,AppendicesAandB.Forchemicalsthat aresolids,theremaybetwoTPQsgiven(e.g.,500/ 10,000).Inthesecases,thelowerquantityappliesfor solidsinpowderformwithparticlesizelessthan 100 μm;or,ifthesubstanceisinsolutionorinmolten form.Otherwise,thehigherquantity(10,000pounds intheexample)TPQapplies.
● EPCRA y 304ReportableQuantities(RQ).Intheevent ofareleaseorspillexceedingthereportablequantity, facilitiesarerequiredtonotifyStateEmergency ResponseCommissions(SERCs)andLocal EmergencyPlanningCommittees(LEPCs).From ConsolidatedListofChemicalsSubjecttothe
EmergencyPlanningandCommunityRight-to-Know Act(EPCRA)and y 112(r)oftheCleanAirAct,as Amended.Source:EPA550-B-98-017 TitleIIIListof Lists.
● EPCRA y 313ToxicChemicals.FromConsolidated ListofChemicalsSubjecttotheEmergencyPlanning andCommunityRight-to-KnowAct(EPCRA)and y 112(r)oftheCleanAirAct,asAmended.Source: EPA550-B-98-017 TitleIIIListofLists.Chemicals onthislistarereportableunder y 313and y 6607ofthe PollutionPreventionAct.Somechemicalsare reportablebycategoryunder y 313.Categorycodes neededforreportingareprovidedfortheEPCRA y 313 categories.InformationandFederalRegisterreferenceshavebeenprovidedwhereachemicalissubject toanadministrativestay,andnotreportableuntilfurthernotice.
● From“ToxicChemicalReleaseInventoryReporting FormRandInstructions,Revised2005Version,”EPA document260-B-06-001wasusedfor deminimis concentrations,toxicchemicalcategories.
● ChemicalswhichEPAhasmadethesubjectof ChemicalHazardInformationProfilesor“CHIPS” reviewdocuments.
● ChemicalswhichNIOSHhasmadethesubjectof “InformationProfile”reviewdocumentson“Current IntelligenceBulletins.”
● CarcinogensidentifiedbytheNationalToxicology ProgramoftheUSDepartmentofHealthandHuman ServicesatResearchTrianglePark,NC.[10]
● SubstancesregulatedbyEPA[7] underthemajorenvironmentallaws:CleanAirAct,CleanWaterAct,Safe DrinkingWaterAct,RCRA,CERCLA,EPCRA,etc. Amoredetailedlistappearsabove.Substanceswith environmentalstandardssetbysomeinternational bodiesincludingthoseinEuropeandCanada.[43]
● HazardSymbols,RiskPhrases,andSafetyPhrases. Explanationofthesesymbolsandphrasescanbe foundinAppendix4.Intheyear2018itisexpected thattheGloballyHarmonizedSystemofClassification andLabelingofChemicals(GHS)willbephasedin bymanycountries.Hazardstatementsareanessential elementundertheGHS,andwilleventuallyreplace theriskphrases(R-phrases)describedearlierinthe paragraph.Inadditiontohazardstatements,containers andMaterialSafetyDataSheets(MSDS)willoften contain,wherenecessary,oneormultiplepictograms, asignalwordsuchas“Warning”or“Danger,”and precautionarystatements.Theprecautionarystatementswillindicateproperhandlingproceduresaimed atprotectingtheuserandotherpeoplewhomight
comeincontactwiththesubstanceduringanaccident orintheenvironment.ThecontainerandMSDSwill alsocontainthenameofthesupplier,manufacturer, orimporter.Eachhazardstatementcontainsafourdigitcode,startingwiththeletterH(intheformat Hxxx).Statementsappearundervariousheadings groupedtogetherbycodenumber.Thepurposeofthe four-digitcodeisforreferenceonly;however,followingthecodeisexact phrase asitshouldappearon labelsandMSDS.ThecollectionofRiskandSafety phrasesinthisworkmygobeyondthosefoundin some,moregeneralizedMaterialSafetyDataSheets. Itisalsopossiblethatsomeofthewarningsarebased onanimalratherthanhumanstudies.Thesestatements areusuallyprecededbytheword“suspected”or “potential”.
● WaterhazardclassificationsfromtheGermanFederal WaterManagementActonWaterHazardClassification, VerwaltungsvorschriftWassergefahrdendeStoffe (VwVwS).Thislawrequiresallchemicalsubstancesbe evaluatedfortheirdetrimentalimpactonthephysical, chemical,orbiologicalcharacteristicsofwater. Substancescanbeclassifiedasnonhazardoustowater (nwg,nichtwassergefahrdende)orassignedtooneof threenumericwaterhazardclasses,WGK-1:lowhazard towaters(lowpollutingtowater),WGK-2:hazardto waters(waterpollutant),orWGK:3severehazardto waters(severepollutant).TheEnglishacronymfor WGKisWHC(waterhazardclass).Thisworkusesthe Germaninitial-acronym“WGK”sothereisnoconfusionastoitssource.MaterialSafetyDataSheets (MSDS)thatusethesewaterhazardsalsousethe Germanacronym.Ifavaluewasnotassignedornot foundintheGermandatabase,anestimatedhasbeen providedusingtheformat,“WGK(GermanAquatic HazardClass):Novaluefound.[3-Severehazardto water.(est.)].”Theseestimatesarebasedonother sources,forexample,theUSDOT ListofMarine Pollutants(y 172.101—AppendixB) Warning:These estimatesaretobeusedonlyasaguide.Inthecaseof limitedinformation,itistheresponsibilityoftheusers ofthisworktorecognizeandaddressthoselimitations andtoengageinadditionalresearch,including directcontactwithchemicalsuppliersandallformsof suppliercommunicationssuchasthelegallyrequired MaterialSafetyDataSheets(MSDSs),Technical Bulletins,etc.
Description:Thissectioncontainsaquicksummaryof propertiesofthesubstanceincludingphysicalstate(solid, liquidorgas),color,odordescription,molecularweight, density,boilingpoint,freezing/meltingpoint,vapor
GermanytheDFGhasestablishedMaximum Concentrationsintheworkplace.[3] Thissectionalsocontainsnumericalvaluesforallowablelimitsofvariousmaterialsinambientair[60] asassembledbytheUSEPA.Where available,thisfieldcontainslegallyenforceableairborne PermissibleExposureLimits(PELs)fromOSHA.Italso containsrecommendedairborneexposurelimitsfrom NIOSH,ACGIH,andinternationalsourcesandspecial warningswhenachemicalsubstanceisaSpecialHealth HazardSubstance.Eacharedescribedbelow.TLVshave notbeendevelopedaslegalstandardsandtheACGIHdoes notadvocatetheiruseassuch.TheTLVisdefinedasthe time-weightedaverage(TWA)concentrationforanormal 8-hourwork-dayanda40-hourwork-week,towhichnearly allworkersmayberepeatedlyexposed,dayafterday,withoutadverseeffects.Aceilingvalue(TLV-C)istheconcentrationthatshouldnotbeexceededduringanypartofthe workingexposure.Ifinstantaneousmonitoringisnotfeasible,thentheTLV-Ccanbeassessedbysamplingovera 15-minuteperiodexceptforthosesubstancesthatmay causeimmediateirritationwhenexposuresareshort.As somepeoplebecomeillafterexposuretoconcentrations lowerthantheexposurelimits,thisvaluecannotbeusedto defineexactlywhatisa“safe”or“dangerous”concentration.ACGIHthresholdlimitvalues(TLVs)arereprinted withpermissionoftheAmericanConferenceof GovernmentalIndustrialHygienists,Inc.,fromthebooklet entitled, ThresholdLimitValuesforChemicalSubstances andPhysicalAgentsandBiologicalExposureIndices.This bookletisrevisedonanannualbasis.Noentryappears whenthechemicalisamixture;itispossibletocalculate theTLVforamixtureonlywhentheTLVforeachcomponentofthemixtureisknownandthecompositionofthe mixturebyweightisalsoknown.AccordingtoACGIH, “DocumentationoftheThresholdLimitValuesand BiologicalExposureIndices,7thEdition”isnecessaryto fullyinterpretandimplementtheTLVs.
OSHAPermissibleExposureLimits(PELs),arefoundin TablesZ-1,Z-2,andZ-3ofOSHA,“GeneralIndustryAir ContaminantsStandard(29CFR1910.1000)”thatwere effectiveonJuly1,2001andwhicharecurrentlyenforced byOSHA.
Unlessotherwisenoted,PELsaretheTime-Weighted Average(TWA)concentrationsthatmustnotbeexceeded duringany8-hourshiftofa40-hourwork-week.AnOSHA ceilingconcentrationmustnotbeexceededduringanypart ofthework-day;ifinstantaneousmonitoringisnotfeasible, theceilingmustbeassessedasa15-minuteTWAexposure. InadditionthereareanumberofsubstancesfromTableZ2thathavePELceilingvaluesthatmustnotbeexceeded exceptforamaximumpeakoveraspecifiedperiod(e.g.,a 5-minutemaximumpeakinany2hours).
NIOSHRecommendedExposureLimits(RELs)areTimeWeightedAverage(TWA)concentrationsforuptoa10hourworkdayduringa40-hourworkweek.AceilingREL shouldnotbeexceededatanytime.Exposurelimitsare
usuallyexpressedinunitsofpartspermillion(ppm),i.e., thepartsofvapor(gas)permillionpartsofcontaminated airbyvolumeat25 C/77 Fandoneatmospherepressure. Forachemicalthatformsafinemistordust,theconcentrationisgiveninmilligramspercubicmeter(mg/m3).
ProtectiveActionCriteria(PAC)isemergencyexposure limitsdevelopedbytheUSDepartmentofEnergy(DOE) formorethan3400chemicalsinrevision29,published May2016.Theseexposurelimitscanbeusedtoestimate theconsequencesoftheuncontrolledreleaseofhazardous materialsandtoplanforemergencyresponse.ThesePACs havebeenaddedtothe7theditionofSittigbecauseother wellestablishedexposurelimitsinairareavailableforan onlyalimitednumberofchemicalsfromothergovernmentalandadvisorysources.PACvaluesaregiveninpartsper million(ppm)forvolatileliquidsandgases;inmilligrams percubicmeter(mg/m3)forsolids,particulates,solids,and nonvolatileliquids.ChemicalsforwhichAcuteEmergency GuidelineLevels(AEGLs)andEmergencyResponse PlanningGuidelines(ERPGs)havetheirvaluesdisplayed in bolded font.
PACDefinitions[SCAPA]:
TherearesubtledifferenceinthedefinitionsofAEGLs, ERPGs,andTEELsandmajordifferencesinhowtheyare developedandissued.Differencesintheirdefinitions include:
AEGLspertaintothe“generalpopulation,includingsusceptibleindividuals,”butERPGsandTEELspertainto “nearlyallindividuals.”
AEGLsaredefinedasthelevel“abovewhich”certain healtheffectsareexpected,whileERPGsandTEELsare definedasthelevel“belowwhich”certainhealtheffects are not expected.
AcuteEmergencyGuidelineLevels(AEGLs)aredefined asfollows:
● AEGL-1:theairborneconcentration(expressedas ppmormg/m3)ofasubstanceabovewhichitispredictedthatthegeneralpopulation,includingsusceptibleindividuals,couldexperiencenotablediscomfort, irritation,orcertainasymptomatic,nonsensoryeffects. However,theseeffectsarenotdisablingandaretransientandreversibleuponcessationofexposure.
● AEGL-2:theairborneconcentration(expressedas ppmormg/m3)ofasubstanceabovewhichitispredictedthatthegeneralpopulation,includingsusceptibleindividuals,couldexperienceirreversibleorother serious,long-lasting,adversehealtheffectsoran impairedabilitytoescape.
● AEGL-3:theairborneconcentration(expressedas ppmormg/m3)ofasubstanceabovewhichitispredictedthatthegeneralpopulation,includingsusceptibleindividuals,couldexperiencelife-threatening adversehealtheffectsordeath.
EmergencyResponsePlanningGuidelines(ERPGs)are definedasfollows:
● ERPG-1:themaximumconcentrationinairbelow whichitisbelievednearlyallindividualscouldbe exposedforuptoonehourwithoutexperiencingother thanmildtransientadversehealtheffectsorperceiving aclearlydefinedobjectionableodor.
● ERPG-2:themaximumconcentrationinairbelow whichitisbelievednearlyallindividualscouldbe exposedforupto1hourwithoutexperiencingor developingirreversibleorotherserioushealtheffects orsymptomsthatcouldimpairtheirabilitiestotake protectiveaction.
● ERPG-3:themaximumconcentrationinairbelow whichitisbelievednearlyallindividualscouldbe exposedforupto1hourwithoutexperiencingor developinglife-threateninghealtheffects.
AdditionalinformationonPACvaluesandlinkstoother sourcesofinformationcanbefoundonthewebpageforthe SubcommitteeforConsequenceAssessmentandProtective Action(SCAPA): http://orise.orau.gov/emi/scapa/teels.htm TheGermanMAK(DFGMAK)valuesareconceivedand appliedas8-hourtime-weightedaverage(TWA)values.[3] Short-TermExposureLimits (15-minuteTWA):Thisfield containsShort-TermExposureLimits(STELs)from ACGIH,NIOSHandOSHA.Thepartsofvapor(gasper millionpartsofcontaminatedair)byvolumeat25 C/77 F andoneatmospherepressureisgiven.Thelimitsaregiven inmilligramspercubicmeter(mg/m3)forchemicalsthat canformafinemistordust.Unlessotherwisespecified, theSTELisa15-minuteTWAexposurethatshouldnotbe exceededatanytimeduringthework-day.
DeterminationinAir:Thecitationstoanalyticalmethods aredrawnfromvarioussources,suchasthe NIOSH ManualofAnalyticalMethods [18] Inaddition,methods havebeencitedinthelatestUSDepartmentofHealthand HumanServicespublicationsincludingthe “NIOSHPocket GuidetoChemicalHazards” August,2006.
PermissibleConcentrationsinWater:Thepermissible concentrationsinwateraredrawnfromvarioussources also,including:TheNationalAcademyofSciences/ NationalResearchCouncil,SafeDrinkingWater CommitteeBoardonToxicologyandEnvironmental HealthHazards, DrinkingWaterandHealth,1980.[16] TheprioritytoxicpollutantcriteriapublishedbyUSEPA 1980.[6]
Themultimediaenvironmentalgoalsforenvironmental assessmentstudyconductedbyEPA.[32] Valuesarecited fromthissourcewhennotavailablefromothersources.
TheUSEPAhascomeforthwithavarietyofallowable concentrationlevels:
Forallowableconcentrationsin“CaliforniaList”wastes.[38]
TheCaliforniaListconsistsofliquidhazardouswastes
containingcertainmetals,freecyanides,polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),corrosiveswithapHoflessthanor equalto2.0,andliquidandnonliquidhazardouswastes containinghalogenatedorganiccompounds(HOCs).
Forregulatorylevelsinleachatesfromlandfills.[37]
Forconcentrationsofvariousmaterialsineffluentsfrom theorganicchemicalsandplasticsandsyntheticfiber industries.[51]
Forcontaminantsindrinkingwater.[36]
ForNationalPrimaryandSecondaryDrinkingWater Regulations.[62]
Intheformofhealthadvisoriesfor16pesticides,[47] 25 organics,[48] and7inorganics.[49]
Forprimarydrinkingwaterstandardsstartingwithaprioritylistof8VolatileOrganicChemicals.[40]
Statedrinkingwaterstandardsandguidelines [61] asassembledbytheUSEPA.
DeterminationinWater:Thesourcesofinformationinthis fieldhavebeenprimarilyUSEPApublicationsincluding thetestproceduresforprioritypollutantanalysis[25] and latermodifications.[42]
RoutesofEntry:Thetoxicologicallyimportantroutesof entryofeachsubstancearelisted.Inotherwords,theway inwhichthepeopleorexperimentalanimalswereexposed tothechemicalislisted,e.g.eyecontact,skincontact, inhalation,intraperitoneal,intravenous.Manyoftheseare takenfromthe NIOSHPocketGuide, [2] butaredrawnfrom othersourcesaswell.
HarmfulEffectsandSymptoms:Theseareprimarily drawnfromNIOSH,EPApublications,andNewJersey andNewYorkStatefactsheetsonindividualchemicals, andaresupplementedfrominformationfromthedraftcriteriadocumentsforprioritytoxicpollutants[26] andfrom othersources.Theothersourcesincludethefollowing: EPAChemicalHazardInformationProfiles(CHIPS)cited underindividualentries.
NIOSHInformationProfilescitedunderindividualentries. EPAHealthandEnvironmentalEffectProfilescitedunder individualentries.
Particularattentionhasbeenpaidtocancerasa“harmful effect”andspecialefforthasbeenexpendedtoincludethe latestdataoncarcinogenicity.Seealso“Regulatory AuthorityandAdvisoryBodies”section.
Short-TermExposure:Thesearebriefdescriptionsofthe effectsobservedinhumanswhenthevapor(gas)isinhaled, whentheliquidorsolidisingested(swallowed),andwhen theliquidorsolidcomesincontactwiththeeyesorskin. ThetermLD50signifiesthatabout50%oftheanimals giventhespecifieddosebymouthwilldie.Thus,fora Grade4chemical(below50mg/kg)thetoxicdosefor50% ofanimalsweighing70kg(150lb)is 70 3 50 5 3500mg 5 3.5g,orlessthan1teaspoonful;it mightbeaslittleasafewdrops.ForaGrade1chemical (5 15g/kg),theLD50wouldbebetweenapintanda quartfora150-lbman.AllLD50valueshavebeen obtainedusingsmalllaboratoryanimalssuchasrodents, xxiiHowtoUseThisBook
ofrecommendedrespiratorsdependsontheparticularusesituation,andshouldonlybemadebyaknowledgeableperson. Remember,air-purifyingrespiratorswillnotprotectfrom oxygen-deficientatmospheres.Forfirefighting,onlyselfcontainedbreathingapparatuseswithfullfacepiecesoperated inpressure-demandorotherpositivepressuremodesare recommendedforallchemicalsinthe NIOSHPocketGuide.
Storage:The7theditionnowprovides,asgeneralguidance,acolor-codedclassificationsystemsimilartothose oftenfoundincommerceandlaboratories.Itistheobjectiveofanychemicalstorageclassificationsystemtopreventaccidentalcombinationoftwoormoreincompatible materialsthatmightbestoredinthesamespace.Topreventanunwantedandpossiblydangerousreaction,chemicalsmustbeseparatedbyspaceand/orphysicalbarriers. Chemicalstorageareasshouldbeappropriatelylabeled. UsersmustbecarefultochecktheMSDSforbothadditionalandspecificinformation.Somechemicalentriescontainmultiplestoragecodesbecausethechemicalprofile fitsmorethanasinglecategory.
CodeHazard
RedFlammables(Flashpoint , 100 F)
BlueHealthhazards/toxics/poisons
YellowReactives/oxidizers
WhiteContacthazards
Greena Generalstorage
aForgeneralstorage,thecolorsgrayandorangemay alsobeusedbysomecompanies.
● Chemicalcontainersthatarenotcolorcodedshould containhazardinformationonthelabel.
● ChecktheMSDStolearnwhatpersonalprotective equipmentisrequiredwhenusingthesubstance
● Red:Flammabilityhazard:Storeinaflammable(liquidormaterials)storageareaorapprovedcabinet awayfromignitionsourcesandcorrosiveandreactive materials.
● Blue:Healthhazard/toxics/poisons:Storeinasecure poisonlocation.
● Yellow:Reactivehazard;storeinalocationseparate fromothermaterials,especiallyflammablesand combustibles.
● White:Corrosiveorcontacthazard;storeseparatelyin acorrosion-resistantlocation.
● Green(orgrayororange):Generalstoragemaybe used.Generally,forflammability,health,andcorrosivitywithanNFPAratingofnohigherthan“2.”
● Chemicalswithlabelsthatarecoloredanddiagonally stripedmayreactwithotherchemicalsinthesame hazardclass.SeeMSDSformoreinformation.
● RedStripe:Flammabilityhazard:storeseparatelyfrom allotherflammablematerials.Example:sodiummetal.
● YellowStripe:Reactivityhazard;storeseparatelyin anareaisolatedfromflammables,combustibles,or otheryellowcodedmaterials. Example:reducing agents.
● Whitestripe:Contacthazard;notcompatiblewith materialsinsolidwhitecategory.Storeseparately. Example:Bases.
Otherdatainthisfieldisdrawnfrom,orbasedon,various resources,includingtheNFPA,[17] fromJapanese sources[24] andfrompublicationssuchasthe Hazardous SubstanceFactSheets publishedbytheNewJersey DepartmentofHealthandSeniorServices.[70]
Shipping:Theshippingguidanceofferedhereindoesnot replacethetrainingrequirementsoftheDOTandinno wayguaranteesthatyouwillbeinfullcompliancewiththe DOTRegulations. Labeling:Thissectionreferstothetype labelorplacardrequiredbyregulationonanycontaineror packagingofthesubjectcompoundbeingshipped.Insome casesamaterialmayrequiremorethanonehazardous materialslabel. Quantitylimitation:Thissectionlistsquantitiesofmaterialthatmaybeshippedonpassengeraircraft, rail,andcargoaircraft.Materialsincertainhazardclasses maybeshippedunderthesmallquantitiesexception(see 49CFR173.4)withspecificapprovalfromtheAssociate AdministratorforHazardousMaterialsSafety,DOT. Hazardclassordivision:Thisnumberreferstothedivision numberorhazardclassthatmustappearonshipping papers.ThisinformationisdrawnfromDOTpublications[19] aswellasUNpublications[20] andalsoNFPApublications.[17] TheUSDOT[19] haspublishedlistingsof chemicalsubstanceswhichgiveahazardclassificationand requiredlabels.TheUSDOTlistingnowcorrespondswith theUNlisting[20] andspecifiesfirstahazardclassofchemicalsasdefinedinthefollowingtable,andthenapacking group(I,II,orIII)withineachoftheclasses.Thesegroups arevariouslydefineddependingonthehazardclassbutin generaldefinematerialspresenting:I—averysevererisk (greatdanger);II—aseriousrisk(mediumdanger);and III—arelativelylowrisk(minordanger).
HazardClassificationSystem
Thehazardclassofdangerousgoodsisindicatedeitherby itsclass(ordivision)numberorname.Foraplacardcorrespondingtotheprimaryhazardclassofamaterial,thehazardclassordivisionnumbermustbedisplayedinthelower corneroftheplacard.However,nohazardclassordivision numbermaybedisplayedonaplacardrepresentingthe subsidiaryhazardofamaterial.ForotherthanClass7or theOXYGENplacard,textindicatingahazard(forexample,“CORROSIVE”)isnotrequired.Textisshownonlyin theUnitedStates.Thehazardclassordivisionnumber mustappearontheshippingdocumentaftereachshipping name.