Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Foreword 1
Foreword 2
Preface to the ninth edition
Preface to the first edition
Acknowledgements
Synopsis of oral lesions
1. Introduction
Health and disease
Pathology
Diagnosis
Etiopathogenesis
Genes and chromosomes
Gene inheritance pattern
Oral pathology
Stem cells
Forensic odontology
References
2. Developmental disturbances of oral and paraoral structures
Craniofacial anomalies
Congenital deformations of head and neck
Developmental disturbances of jaws
Abnormalities of dental arch relations
Developmental disturbances of lips and palate
Developmental disturbances of oral mucosa
Developmental disturbances of gingiva
Developmental disturbances of tongue
Developmental disturbances of oral lymphoid tissue
Developmental disturbances of salivary glands
Developmental disturbances in size of teeth
Developmental disturbances in shape of teeth
Developmental disturbances in number of teeth
Developmental disturbances in structure of teeth
Disturbances in eruption of teeth
References
3. Cysts of orofacial region
Odontogenic cysts
Nonodontogenic cysts
Miscellaneous cysts
References
4. Odontogenic tumors
Classification of odontogenic tumors
Tumors arising from odontogenic epithelium
Tumors arising from odontogenic epithelium with odontogenic ectomesenchyme
Tumors arising from odontogenic ectomesenchyme with or without included odontogenic epithelium
Malignant odontogenic tumors
Odontogenic carcinomas
Odontogenic sarcomas
References
5. Epithelial neoplasms of the oral cavity
Benign neoplasms of epithelial tissue origin
“Premalignant” lesions/conditions of epithelial tissue origin
Malignant tumors of the epithelial tissue origin
References
6. Nonepithelial tumors of the oral cavity
Benign tumors of connective tissue origin
Malignant tumors of connective tissue origin
Benign tumors of muscle tissue origin
Malignant tumors of muscle tissue origin
Benign tumors of nerve tissue origin
Malignant tumors of nerve tissue origin
References
7. Tumors of the salivary glands
Benign epithelial tumors of salivary glands
Malignant epithelial tumors of salivary glands
Nonepithelial tumors
Tumor-like lesions
References
8. Bacterial infections of the oral cavity
Tuberculosis
Leprosy (Hansen disease)
Actinomycosis
Tetanus (lock-jaw)
Syphilis (lues)
Gonorrhea
Granuloma inguinale (granuloma venereum, donovanosis)
Noma (cancrum oris, gangrenous stomatitis)
Scarlet fever (scarlatina)
Diphtheria
Botryomycosis (bacterial actinophytosis, actinobacillosis)
Tularemia (rabbit fever)
Rhinoscleroma (scleroma)
Cat-scratch disease (cat-scratch fever, benign lymphoreticulosis)
Pyostomatitis vegetans
References
9. Viral infections
Classification of major virus groups and viral diseases
Measles (rubeola, red spots, morbilli)
Mumps (epidemic parotitis)
Nonspecific “mumps”
Rubella (German measles)
Herpangina (aphthous pharyngitis, vesicular pharyngitis)
Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease (aphthous fever, hoof-and-mouth disease, epizootic stomatitis)
Chikungunya
Herpes simplex (acute herpetic gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis, fever blisters, cold sores)
Chickenpox (varicella)
Herpes zoster (shingles, zona)
Cytomegalovirus inclusion disease (salivary gland virus disease)
Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever, kissing disease)
Smallpox (variola)
Molluscum contagiosum
Condyloma acuminatum (verruca acuminata, venereal wart)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
References
10. Mycotic infections
Fungal infections
Paracytic infections
References
11. Dental caries
Epidemiology of dental caries
Etiology of dental caries
Clinical aspects of dental caries
Histopathology of dental caries
Diagnosis of dental caries
References
12. Diseases of the pulp and periapical tissues
Diseases of dental pulp
Diseases of periapical tissues
References
13. Periodontal diseases
The healthy periodontium
Deposits on teeth
Classification of periodontal diseases and conditions
Gingival diseases
Periodontal diseases
Developmental or acquired deformities
Peri-implant diseases
References
14. Spread of oral infection
Osteomyelitis
Cellulitis (phlegmon)
Infections of specific tissue spaces
Manifestations of various space infections
Ludwig angina
Cavernous sinus thrombosis or thrombophlebitis
Maxillary sinusitis
Focal infection
References
15. Bone and joint diseases
Definitions
Diseases of the bone involving maxilla and mandible
Diseases of temporomandibular joint
References
16. Hematologic diseases
Diseases involving red blood cells
Diseases involving white blood cells
Diseases involving blood platelets
Diseases involving specific blood factors
References
17. Diseases of the skin
Ectodermal dysplasia (hereditary ectodermal dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia syndrome)
White sponge nevus (familial white folded dysplasia of mucous
membrane, oral epithelial nevus, congenital leukokeratosis, Cannon disease)
Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
Dyskeratosis congenita (Zinsser–Cole–Engman syndrome, Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome)
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Ehlers–danlos syndrome (Tenascin-X deficiency syndrome, Lysyl hydroxylase deficiency syndrome, cutis hyperelastica)
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease)
Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome (Goltz–Gorlin syndrome)
Oral lichen planus (lichen ruber planus)
Lichenoid reaction (lichenoid mucositis, lichenoid drug reaction, oral drug-induced lichenoid eruptions)
Pemphigus
Cicatricial pemphigoid (benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus)
Bullous pemphigoid (parapemphigus)
Epidermolysis bullosa
Erythema multiforme (Stevens–Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme major, erythema multiforme minor, herpes-associated erythema multiforme, drug-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome)
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, dermatosclerosis, hidebound
disease)
Psoriasis
Acanthosis nigricans
Pityriasis rosea (pityriasis circinata, roseola annulata, herpes tonsurans maculosus)
Dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring–Brocq disease)
Solar elastosis (senile elastosis, actinic elastosis)
Graft-versus-host diseases
References
18. Diseases of the nerves and muscles
Diseases of the nerves
Diseases of the muscles
References
19. Allergic and immunologic diseases of the oral cavity
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (aphthous ulcers, canker sores)
Behçet syndrome
Reiter syndrome
Sarcoidosis (boeck sarcoid, besnier–boeck–schaumann disease)
Uveoparotid fever (uveoparotitis, heerfordt syndrome)
Angioedema (angioneurotic edema, quincke edema, giant urticaria)
Drug allergy (drug idiosyncrasy, drug sensitivity, stomatitis medicamentosa)
Contact stomatitis and dermatitis (stomatitis and dermatitis venenata)
Contact stomatitis from cinnamon flavoring agent
Contact stomatitis from chronic oral mucosal contact with dental amalgam (silver amalgam)
Perioral dermatitis
Latex allergy
Midline lethal granuloma (midline lethal granulomatous ulcerations)
Wegener granulomatosis
Chronic granulomatous disease
References
20. Oral aspects of metabolic diseases
Disturbances in mineral metabolism
Disturbances in protein metabolism
Individual amino acids
Lysosomal storage diseases
Disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism
Disturbances in lipid metabolism
Avitaminoses
Fat-soluble vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins
Disturbances in hormone metabolism
References
21. Regressive alterations of the teeth
Attrition, abrasion, and erosion
Abfraction
Dentinal sclerosis (transparent dentin)
Dead tracts
Secondary dentin
Pulp calcification
Resorption of teeth
Hypercementosis (cementum hyperplasia)
Cementicles
References
22. Physical and chemical injuries of the oral cavity
Injuries of teeth associated with tooth preparation
Effect of restorative materials
Effect of cement bases, cavity liners, varnishes, and primers
Effect of cavity-sterilizing agents
Physical injuries of the teeth
Injuries to the supporting structures of the tooth
Physical injuries of the bone
Physical injuries of soft tissues
Radiation injuries
Electrical burns
Cervicofacial emphysema
Anesthetic necrosis
Human bite (morsus humanus)
Oral trauma related to sexual practices
Chemical injuries of oral cavity
Occupational injuries of the oral cavity
Occlusal trauma
References
23. Healing of oral wounds
Factors affecting healing of oral wounds
Complications of wound healing
Healing after pulpal diseases
Healing after periapical diseases
Biopsy and healing of biopsy wound
Exfoliative cytology
Healing of gingivectomy wound
Healing of extraction wound
Healing of bone fracture
Complications of fracture healing
Distraction osteogenesis (osteodistraction and callus distraction)
Replantation and transplantation of teeth
Implants
Stem cell therapy
References
24. Forensic odontology
Personal identification
Dental identification procedures
Identification in disasters
Identification from dental DNA
Palatal rugae in identification
Reconstructive dental identification
Dental profiling
Crime investigation
The dentist as an expert witness
Acknowledgments
References
25. Mucosal response to oral prostheses: Some pathological considerations
Denture in the oral environment
Direct sequelae caused by wearing dentures
Indirect sequelae
Oral reactions to orthodontic appliances
References
Diagrammatic representations of the histopathology of important oral lesions
Index
Copyright
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A Textbook of Oral Pathology, 4e, William G Shafer, Maynard K Hine and Barnet M Levy
Copyright © 1983, by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-7216-8128-3
This adaptation of A Textbook of Oral Pathology, 4e, by William G Shafer, Maynard K Hine and Barnet M Levy is published by an arrangement with Elsevier Inc.
Shafer’s Textbook of Oral Pathology, 9e Adaptation editor: B Sivapathasundharam
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Dedication
Dedicated to my wife Dr S Rohini
Contributors
Anita Krishnan Pandarathodiyil
Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University & Colleges, Malaysia
Ashith B Acharya Professor and Head, Department of Forensic Odontology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital (A Constituent Unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Sattur, Dharwad
Burnice Nalina Kumari , Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontia, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai
N. Gururaj , Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, CSI Dental College, Madurai
Kavitha B , Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai
Logeswari J , Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai
R Madhavan Nirmal , Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Raja Muthiah Dental College, Chidambaram
Mahesh C Verma , Vice Chancellor, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi
Mandana Darafsh Donoghue , Director, OMFP Center, Belgaum
Manoj Prabhakar , Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai
Preethi S , Chennai
Priya Kumar , Associate Professor, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi
Protyusha Guha Biswas , Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai
Raghu A Radhakrishnan , Deputy Director, Research (Health Sciences), Manipal University, Professor Oral Pathology, MCODS, Manipal
K Ranganathan , Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Chennai
R Sathish Muthukumar , Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Chennai
Uma Devi K Rao , Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Chennai
Vijay Wadhwan , Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Subarthi Dental College, Meerut
