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NICKEL-TITANIUM SMARTHYBRID MATERIALS
NICKEL-TITANIUM SMARTHYBRID MATERIALS
FromMicro-toNano-Structured AlloysforEmergingApplications
Editedby
SABUTHOMAS
MahatmaGandhiUniversity,Kottayam,India
AJITBEHERA
DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterialsEngineering,NationalInstituteofTechnology Rourkela,Rourkela,India
TUANANHNGUYEN
InstituteforTropicalTechnology,VietnamAcademyofScienceandTechnology,Hanoi,Vietnam
Elsevier
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PartIFundamentals
1NiTi-basedsmartmicro-andnanoalloys:anintroduction........................3
4Cryo-treatmentofNiTialloys..........................................................................57 ManishaPriyadarshiniandC.K.Biswas
4.1Introduction........................................................................................57
4.2WhycryogenictreatmentisrequiredforNiTi.................................58
4.3SubcoolingtreatmentandcryogenictreatmentsinNiTi................58
4.4Microstructureandproperties...........................................................59
4.5InfluencingparametersinNiTicryogenicprocessing.....................64
4.6Advantagesanddisadvantagesofcryogenicprocessing...............64
4.7Summaryandperspective.................................................................65
5HeattreatmentofNiTialloys..........................................................................69 FatemehAsgarinia,SeyedMahdiHashemiandSoroushParvizi
5.1Requirementsofheattreatment.......................................................69
5.2BinaryphaseandTTTdiagramofNi-Ti...........................................70
5.3Howisheattreatmentperformed?...................................................72
5.3.1Shortandlong-timeheattreatments......................................72
5.3.2Cyclicheattreatment................................................................73
5.4MicrostructureandphasetransformationofNiTibyheattreatment.............................................................................................73
5.4.1EffectofheattreatmentonundesiredNiTi2 phase................78
5.4.2EffectofsolutiontreatmenttoeliminateNi3TiPrecipitates...81
5.5EffectofheattreatmentonthemechanicalpropertiesofNiTi alloys...................................................................................................82
5.5.1Transformationstressesandsuperelasticbehavior...............82
5.5.2Effectofheattreatmentonhardnessandelasticmodulus...84
5.5.3EffectofheattreatmentonFatiguelife...................................86
5.6EffectofheattreatmentoncorrosionresistanceofNiTialloys.....87
5.7Heattreatmentparameters................................................................90
5.7.1Effectoftimeandtemperature................................................90
5.7.2Effectofatmosphereinheat-treatment...................................97
6.5.1Solidsolutionstrengthening..................................................111
6.5.2Precipitationstrengthening....................................................111
6.5.3Oxidedispersionstrengthening.............................................112
6.5.4Carbidehardening...................................................................112
6.6ManufacturingprocessesforNiTisuperalloys..............................112
6.6.1Vacuuminductionmelting...................................................113 6.6.2Vacuumarcremelting...........................................................114
6.6.5Conventionalpressandsinter..............................................116
6.6.6Hotisostaticpressing............................................................117
6.6.7Self-propagatinghigh-temperaturesynthesis....................117
6.6.8Sparkplasmasintering.........................................................117
7.5.1High-temperatureshape-memoryalloys...............................128
7.5.2Low-temperatureshape-memoryalloys...............................131
7.5.3Shape-memoryalloyswithcorrosionand
7.5.4Shape-memoryalloyswithantibacterialand
8NiTisuperhydrophobicmaterials.................................................................139
BiswajitSwain,S.K.Bhuyan,SubasChandraMishraandS.S.Mohapatra
8.1Superhydrophobicity:sciencefromnature....................................139
PartIIIEmergingapplications
13ThermalsprayingofNiTialloy...................................................................247
17.5.3Theworld’stiniest,ultralight,single-lens
Listofcontributors
TapasendraAdhikary DepartmentofMetallurgicaland MaterialsEngineering,IITKharagpur,Kharagpur,India
ShampaAich DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterials Engineering,IITKharagpur,Kharagpur,India
FatemehAsgarinia MaterialsEngineeringDepartment,Shahid RajaeeTeacherTrainingUniversity(SRTTU),Tehran,Iran
LokanathBarik DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering, NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela,Rourkela,India
AjitBehera DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterials Engineering,NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela, Rourkela,India
AsitBehera SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,KIIT, Bhubaneswar,India
S.K.Bhuyan DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,GH RaisoniInstituteofEngineeringandTechnology,Pune,India
C.K.Biswas DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,National InstituteofTechnologyRourkela,Rourkela,India
SumanChatterjee DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering, NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela,Rourkela,India
DheerajK.Gara DepartmentofAeronauticalEngineering, MRCET,Hyderabad,India
RaghavendraGujjala DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering, NITWarangal,Hanamkonda,India
SeyedMahdiHashemi DynamicandSmartSystemsLaboratory, MechanicalIndustrialandManufacturingEngineering Department,UniversityofToledo,OH,UnitedStates
SibaSankarMahapatra DepartmentofMechanical Engineering,NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela, Rourkela,India
RajManik DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterials Engineering,NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela, Rourkela,India
BharatC.G.Marupalli DepartmentofMetallurgicaland MaterialsEngineering,IITKharagpur,Kharagpur,India
SubasChandraMishra DepartmentofMetallurgicaland MaterialsEngineering,NationalInstituteofTechnology Rourkela,Rourkela,India
SanazMoein MaterialsEngineeringDepartment,ShahidRajaee TeacherTrainingUniversity(SRTTU),Tehran,Iran
S.S.Mohapatra DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering, NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela,Rourkela,India; DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,NationalInstituteof Technology,Rourkela,India
TuanAnhNguyen InstituteforTropicalTechnology,Vietnam AcademyofScienceandTechnology,Hanoi,Vietnam
JagadishParida DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterials Engineering,NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela, Rourkela,India
SoroushParvizi MaterialsEngineeringDepartment,Shahid RajaeeTeacherTrainingUniversity(SRTTU),Tehran,Iran
SwadhinKumarPatel DepartmentofMetallurgicaland MaterialsEngineering,NationalInstituteofTechnology Rourkela,Rourkela,India
SrikarPotnuru DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering, MRCET,Hyderabad,India
ManishaPriyadarshini DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering, NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela,Rourkela,India
RakeshRoshan DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterials Engineering,NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela, Rourkela,India
A.K.Sahoo SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,KIIT, Bhubaneswar,India
PriyatoshSahoo DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterials Engineering,NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela, Rourkela,India
ManasRanjanSahu DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterials Engineering,IndiraGandhiInstituteofTechnology,Sarang,India
SaswatKumarSamal DepartmentofMetallurgicaland MaterialsEngineering,NationalInstituteofTechnology Rourkela,Rourkela,India
SantoshSampath DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,Sri SivasubramaniaNadar(SSN)CollegeofEngineering, Kalavakkam,India
BiswajitSwain DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterials Engineering,NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela, Rourkela,India
SabuThomas MahatmaGandhiUniversity,Kottayam,India
Foreword
Hybridcompositeshavegainedincreasinginterestinrecent yearsforvariousapplicationsfrombasictoadvancedlevels. Combiningthequalitiesofsmartmaterialsinhybridmaterials isoneoftheadvancedfieldsinmaterialsscienceforresearchers andscientists.Hybridmaterialsopentheopportunitytointegratevariousfunctionalitiesinonematerial.NiTismarthybrid materialsareamongthemostadvancedmaterialsusedas structuralalloyswithemergingapplicationsthathavean emphasisinthemicro-tonano-scaleas,forexample,actuators toMicro-Electro-Mechanical-System,energyconversion,and biomedicalapplications.NiTialloyspossessesshape-memory effectandmechanicalpropertieswiththefunctionalbehavior oflivingtissuethatmakesthemcompatibleforuseinmedical devicesandimplants(Saburi,1999).Nano-andmicrostructured NiTiwiresareusedinthemedicalandactuatingindustries. Similarly,compositehybridstructurescouldbeformedusing micron-sizedNiTi-reinforcedribbonsforenhancedstructural andfunctionalpropertiesinfunctionalengineeringcomposites whichhavegrowingdemandinthesensorandactuatorfields (Samaletal.,2020).Combiningasmartmaterialinahybrid structureinthemicro-tonano-scalewillopenupopportunities atthebasicandadvancedlevelsforapplicationinmacro-to mini-scaledevices( Wei,Sandstrom,&Miyazaki,1998a,1998b). Thisbookaddressesaninterestingandemergingtopic. Hybridmaterialsarewidelyacceptedandusedfortheirmultiplepropertiesandsignificantcontributionstowardsociety.This topichasgainedwidespreadinterestfromresearchersandacademicsaimingatafutureindustrialapproach.NiTiisusedas reinforcedfibersinpolymersandsubstratelayersfortheformationofcompositesandfilmsfromthemicro-tonano-scale (Roytburd,Slutsker,&Wuttig,2000).Thisbookdiscussesthe approachofusingsmartmaterialsinhybridmaterialstocombinetheirfunctionalpropertiesasamajorboostforstructural applications.
SnehaManjareeSamal InstituteofPhysicsoftheCzechAcademyofSciences, Prague,CzechRepublic
References
Roytburd,A.L.,Slutsker,J.,&Wuttig,M.(2000).Smartcompositeswithshape memoryalloys.InA.Kelly,&C.Zweben(Eds.), Comprehensivecomposite materials (pp.507 522).Oxford:Pergamon. Saburi,T.(1999).Ti-Nishapememoryalloys.InK.Otsuka,&C.M.Waymann (Eds.), Shapememorymaterials (pp.49 96).Cambridge:Cambridge UniversityPress.
Samal,S.,Tyc,O.,Heller,L., ˇ Sittner,P.,Malik,M.,Poddar,P.,&Blanco,I.(2020). Studyofinterfacialadhesionbetweennickel-titaniumshapememoryalloy andapolymermatrixbylasersurfacepattern. AppliedSciences, 10(6),2172.
Wei,Z.G.,Sandstrom,R.,&Miyazaki,S.(1998a).Review:Shape-memory materialsandhybridcompositesforsmartsystems:PartIShape-memory materials. JournalofMaterialsScience, 33,3743 3762.
Wei,Z.G.,Sandstrom,R.,&Miyazaki,S.(1998b).Review:Shapememory materialsandhybridcompositesforsmartsystems:PartIIShape-memory hybridcomposites. JournalofMaterialsScience, 33,3763 3783.
I
Fundamentals
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NiTi-basedsmartmicro-and nanoalloys:anintroduction
SantoshSampath1,AjitBehera2,SabuThomas3 and TuanAnhNguyen4
1DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,SriSivasubramaniaNadar(SSN) CollegeofEngineering,Kalavakkam,India 2DepartmentofMetallurgicaland MaterialsEngineering,NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela,Rourkela, India 3MahatmaGandhiUniversity,Kottayam,India 4InstituteforTropical Technology,VietnamAcademyofScienceandTechnology,Hanoi,Vietnam
Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofnanotechnology-enabled metallurgy,alloyshavebecomesmarter,stronger,andmoredurable.Nanoalloys(nanostructuredalloys)canbeproducedbythe formationofnanocrystallinemetalphaseswithinametallic matrix.Inthiscase,nanostructuredphasescandominatethe materialproperties.Ontheonehand,nanoalloysrefertothose alloysconstructedfromtwoormore differentmetallicnanomaterials.Ontheotherhand,whenthenanoscaleisreachedfortheir grainsize,somepropertiesofalloys,especiallytheirelectronic andmechanicalproperties,arealteredsignificantly,whichmay notbeobservedwhengoingfromthemacroscopictomicrometer dimensions.Thusalloysatthenanoscalecouldprovidedifferent propertiesascomparedtobulkalloys,whichleadstonanoalloys havingpromisingapplications.Ithasbeenreportedintheliteraturethatnanoalloyscouldoffermanyadvantagesoverconventionalalloys,suchasgreatercorrosionandoxidationresistance, betterductilityenhancement,andgreaterhardnessandwear resistance.Thereareseveralmaingroupsofnanoalloys,suchas nanosteels(Buazar,Cheshmehkani,&Kassaee,2012;Sergueeva, Walleser,Zhou,Meacham,&Branagan,2012),titaniumnanoalloys (Palmquistetal.,2010;Sdobnyakovetal.,2019),aluminum nanoalloys(Ferguson,Tabandeh-Khorshid,Rohatgi,Cho,&Kim, 2014;Linetal.,2012),coppernanoalloys(Elgavi,Krekeler,Berger, &Avnir,2012;Gre ´ gory,Mejia-Rosales,Khanal,&Ruiz-Zepeda, 2014),andnickelnanoalleoys(Liu,Wu,&Guo,2020;Zhao,Wang, Fisher,Shen,&Cheng,2017).
Nickel-TitaniumSmartHybridMaterials.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91173-3.00018-3
© 2022ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
