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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Edited by

Vineet Kumar Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra-440020, India

Manish Kumar CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra-440020, India

Elsevier Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

ISBN: 978-0-323-91180-1 For Information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher: Susan Dennis Editorial Project Manager: Judith Clarisse Punzalan Production Project Manager: Bharatwaj Varatharajan Cover Designer: Mark Rogers Typeset by Aptara, New Delhi, India

Dedication Dedicated to my teachers, and mentors, from whom I continue to learn, and to my family for their support, blessings, motivation, and love.

Vineet Kumar Dedicated to my family especially my wife without whose support this book would not have been possible.

Manish Kumar

Contents 2. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) technology for nitrogen removal from wastewater: Recent advances and challenges 23

Contributors xv About the editors xxi Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxvii

Himani Chandel, Kirti Shyam, Navneet Kumar, Geetansh Sharma, Manu Yadav, Sibiraj Murugesan, Saurabh Thakur and Gaurav Saxena

1. Integration of photocatalytic and biological processes for treatment of complex effluent: Recent developments, trends, and advances 1

2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Microbiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) 25 2.3 Techniques for enrichment of anammox 28 2.3.1 Anammox enrichment in batch experiments 28 2.3.2 Anammox enrichment in bioreactor systems 29 2.3.3 Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 29 2.3.4 Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor 29 2.3.5 Upflow biofilter (UBF) 30 2.4 Molecular methods for identification of anammox 30 2.4.1 Polymerase chain reaction followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) 30 2.4.2 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 31 2.4.3 Fluorescent in situ hybridization 31 2.4.4 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 32 2.5 Preservation of anammox 32 2.6 Carriers and their effects on anammox 32 2.7 Application of anammox in wastewater treatment 33 2.8 Factors affecting treatment performance of anammox 36 2.8.1 pH 36

Govindaraj Divyapriya, Lakshmi Pisharody, Ansaf V. Karim and Puthiya Veetil Nidheesh

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Biological treatment of organic contaminants 1.2.1 Activated sludge process 1.2.2 Anaerobic digestion 1.2.3 Trickling bed filter/bioreactor 1.2.4 Membrane bioreactor 1.2.5 Moving bed biofilm reactor 1.3 Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants 1.4 Need for integrated process for treatment of complex effluent 1.5 Combined photocatalysis and biological process 1.5.1 Photocatalysis as pretreatment 1.5.2 Photocatalysis as post-treatment 1.5.3 Multistep processes 1.6 Mineralization and toxicity reduction 1.7 Pilot-scale integrated process 1.8 Conclusion References

1 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14 15 16 16

vii

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Contents

2.8.2 Temperature 2.8.3 Effect of substrate concentration 2.8.4 Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration 2.8.5 Organic matter 2.8.6 Sludge retention time 2.9 Integration of anammox into other remediation technologies for effective wastewater treatment 2.10 Challenges and future prospects for anammox research 2.11 Conclusion and recommendations References

36 36 37 37 37

37 39 40 40

3. Integrated process technology for recycling and re-use of industrial and municipal wastewater: A review 49 Yeit Haan Teow, Kah Chun Ho, Sumith Ranil Wickramasinghe, Mahmood Gheni Jebur and Zhen Hong Changa

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Wastewater treatment technologies 3.2.1 Differences between industrial and municipal wastewater 3.2.2 Classes of treatment processes 3.3 Integrated processes: examples and benefits 3.4 The future of water reuse opportunities 3.4.1 Potable usage 3.4.2 Nonpotable usage 3.5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References

49 54 55 56 61 65 65 66 70 71 71

4. Integrated production of biodiesel and industrial wastewater treatment by culturing oleaginous microorganisms 81 Silvana Carolina Viñarta, Débora Daniela Maza, Pablo Marcelo Fernández, Manuel Javier Aybar and Lucía Inés Castellanos de Figueroa

4.1 Alternative energy sources: biodiesel 81 4.1.1 Oleaginous microorganisms 82 4.1.2 Lipogenesis in oleaginous microorganisms and more important aspects of lipid accumulation 82 4.2 Substrates for SCO production by oleaginous microorganisms 84 4.2.1 Low-cost substrates for SCO production 85

4.3 Integrated strategies for simultaneous production of SCO and biological treatment of wastewaters by oleaginous microorganisms 85 4.3.1 Wastewaters as substrates of oleaginous microorganisms 86 4.3.2 Oleaginous microorganisms employed for simultaneous wastewater treatment and SCO production 86 4.3.3 Industrial application of the wastewater treatment by oleaginous microorganisms: advantages, technology, strategies, problems, and perspectives 93 4.4 Conclusions 96 Acknowledgments 97 References 97

5. Nature-inspired ecotechnological approaches toward recycling and recovery of resources from wastewater 101 Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Monojit Mondal, Vineet Kumar, Amit Bhatnagar, Soma Biswas and Meththika Vithanage

5.1 Introduction 5.2 Living technologies: borrowing ideas and inspiration from Mother Nature 5.3 Genesis of the concept of “living machines” 5.4 Trademark tenets of living technologies: ten commandments (wisdom) of Mother Nature mark the hallmarks 5.5 Applications of living technologies: Mother Nature’s Midas touch for transforming waste(water) into wealth 5.6 Designing traits for trading natural wastewater treatment systems 5.7 Tools of the trade 5.7.1 Floral components: the solar-based photosynthetic foundations 5.7.2 Faunal diversity 5.8 Variants of living technological systems 5.8.1 Floating treatment wetlands 5.8.2 Integrated waste stabilization ponds train system 5.8.3 Constructed wetlands: phytomicroremediation in Nature’s image 5.8.4 Hydroponics: soilless cultivation

101 103 104

106

107 107 112 112 113 113 113 121

125 129

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Contents

5.8.5 Wastewater-fed aquaculture: a win–win way to waste into wealth?

5.9 Conclusions References

133 135 136

6. Integrated microbial desalination cell and microbial electrolysis cell for wastewater treatment, bioelectricity generation, and biofuel production: Success, experience, challenges, and future prospects 145 Mohammed Al-Murisi, Dana Al-Muqbel, Amani Al-Othmana and Muhammad Tawalbeh

6.1 Introduction 145 6.2 Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) 146 6.2.1 MEC for wastewater treatment and hydrogen production 148 6.2.2 Integration MEC with other systems 149 6.2.3 MEC for the production of valuable products 151 6.3 Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) 153 6.3.1 Optimized MDC systems for wastewater treatment, salinity removal and power generation 153 6.3.2 Integrated MDC systems 156 6.3.3 MDC for the production of valuable products 158 6.4 Challenges and limitations 159 6.4.1 MEC challenges 159 6.4.2 MDC challenges 160 6.5. Conclusions and future perspectives 161 References 162

7. Hydroxyapatite for environmental remediation of water/wastewater 167 Pabasari Arundathi Koliyabandara, Oshadi Hettithanthri, Anushka Rathnayake, Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha, Nadeeshani Nanayakkara and Meththika Vithanage

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Synthesis and properties of hydroxyapatite 7.2.1 Synthesis techniques 7.2.2 Properties of hydroxyapatite 7.3 Hydroxyapatite as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment 7.3.1 Common pollutants in wastewater 7.3.2 Removal of pollutants

167 168 168 169 170 170 174

7.4 Mechanisms involved 7.4.1 Dissolution precipitation 7.4.2 Ion exchange 7.4.3 Physical adsorption 7.4.4 Electrostatic interactions 7.5 Recent trends in wastewater treatment with HAP 7.6. Conclusion and future perspectives Acknowledgments References

179 179 181 182 182 182 183 184 184

8. Algae coupled constructed wetland system for wastewater treatment 191 Akanksha Chauhan and Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati

8.1 Introduction 191 8.2 Constructed wetlands in wastewater system 192 8.2.1 Classification 193 8.2.2 Design parameters 196 8.2.3 Removal efficiency 198 8.2.4 Limitations with constructed wetlands in wastewater treatment 199 8.3 Algae in wastewater treatment 200 8.3.1 Cultivation system for algae-mediated wastewater treatment 201 8.3.2 Limitation with algae-mediated wastewater treatment 202 8.4 Algae coupled constructed wetland 202 8.4.1 Removal of nutrients 203 8.4.2 Removal of organics 203 8.4.3 Removal of emerging contaminants 204 8.4.4 Challenges with algae coupled constructed wetland 204 8.5 Resource and energy recovery through algae coupled constructed wetland 204 8.6 Real-world application of algae coupled constructed wetland: perspectives 205 8.7 Conclusion and future prospects 205 Acknowledgments 206 References 206

9. Integrated CO2 sequestration, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production by microalgae culturing: Needs and limitations 217 Khushboo Iqbal, Neha Sharma, Simran Takkar, Smriti Shukla, Kartikeya Shukla, Ajit Varma and Arti Mishra

9.1 Introduction

217

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Contents

9.2 Integrated carbon sequestration and its sequestration technologies 9.2.1 Integrated approach in wastewater treatment 9.2.2 Limitations of carbon sequestration technologies 9.2.3 Applications of integrated carbon sequestration technologies 9.3 Microalgae-based biorefinery 9.3.1 Biorefinery products 9.4 Products obtained from biorefinery for biofuel industry 9.4.1 Bioethanol 9.4.2 Biodiesel 9.4.3 Biomethane 9.4.4 Biofertilizers 9.4.5 Biohydrogen 9.5 Applications of microalgal biomass 9.6 Limitations of algal biomass products 9.7 Conclusion Acknowledgments References

219 222 225 225 226 227 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 234

10. Physicochemical–biotechnological approaches for removal of contaminants from wastewater 241 Dilshad Begum Golgeri M, Syeda Ulfath Tazeen Kadri, Satish Kumar Murari, Dummi Mahadevan Gurumurthy, Muhammad Bilal, Ram Naresh Bharagava, Anyi Hu, Paul Olusegun Bankole, Luiz Fernando R. Ferreira and Sikandar I. Mulla

10.1 Introduction 242 10.2 Water pollution 243 10.2.1 Causes and nature of contamination 243 10.3 Wastewater treatment - general scheme 245 10.4 Physicochemical approaches for removal of contaminants from wastewater 247 10.4.1 Screening and use of grit chambers 247 10.4.2 Flotation 247 10.4.3 Sedimentation 248 10.4.4 Centrifugal separation 248 10.4.5 Filtration 248 10.4.6 Reverse osmosis (RO) 249 10.5 Chemical approach 249 10.5.1 Neutralization 249 10.5.2 Precipitation 249 10.5.3 Flocculation 251 10.5.4 Redox reactions 251 10.5.5 Adsorption with activated carbon 251

10.5.6 Ozonation 10.5.7 Disinfection 10.6 Biotechnological approaches for removal of contaminants from wastewater 10.6.1 Bioremediation 10.6.2 Phytoremediation 10.6.3 Mycoremediation 10.6.4 Phycoremediation 10.6.5 Nanobiotechnology 10.7 Conclusions References

252 252 252 254 255 255 255 256 256 258

11. Integrated biopolymer and bioenergy production from organic wastes: Recent advances and future outlook 261 Anum Iqbal, Amani Al-Othman and Nasser M. Hamdan

11.1 Introduction 11.2 Structural and chemical characteristics of biopolymer and bioenergy 11.3 Chemical insights into organic wastes 11.4 Traditional technologies for bioenergy and biopolymer production through organic wastes 11.4.1 Conventional incineration 11.4.2 Hydrothermal incineration and oxidation 11.4.3 Pyrolysis 11.4.4 Liquefaction 11.4.5 Gasification 11.4.6 Transesterification 11.4.7 Process intensification 11.4.8 Anaerobic digestion or biomethanation 11.5 Advanced biotechnology techniques (integrated systems) 11.6 Conclusion References

261 263 267

269 269 270 270 270 271 271 272 272 272 275 276

12. Integrated production of polyhydroxyalkonate (bioplastic) with municipal wastewater and sludge treatment for sustainable development 283 Mukesh Kumar, Inderpal Devgona, Ritu Bala, Abhishek Rana, Manpreet Kaur Somal, Rohan Samir Kumar Sachan and Arun Karnwal

12.1 Introduction

283

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Contents

12.2 Enzymes, structure and properties of polyhydroxyalkonate 285 12.3 Overview of different substrate for PHA production 287 12.4 Chemical environment and composition of wastewater sludge 291 12.5 Production of PHA using pure and mixed microbial cultures 292 12.6 Integration of polyhydroxyalkonate production process with wastewater treatment plant 293 12.7 Growing impact and policies of PHA-based bioplastic in the world 296 12.8 Conclusion 298 References 298

13. Wastewater treatment by oleaginous algae and biodiesel production: Prospects and challenges 303 Narasiman Nirmala, Shanmuganantham Selvanantham Dawn and Jayaseelan Arun

13.1 Introduction 303 13.2 Contaminants in industrial wastewater 305 13.3 Microalgae and industrial wastewater 306 13.3.1 Microalgae and agro-industrial wastewater 307 13.3.2 Microalgae and heavy metal wastewater 307 13.3.3 Microalgae and textile dye wastewater 310 13.4 Prospects of microalgae for biofuel production 310 13.4.1 Advantages of utilizing microalgae for biodiesel production 310 13.4.2 Lipids from microalgae 311 13.4.3 Induction of neutral lipid production 311 13.4.4 Extraction of oil from microalgae and its different techniques 311 13.5 Conversion of algal oil to biodiesel 313 13.5.1 Catalytic transesterification methods 314 13.6 Biofuels and bioproducts acquired from biovolarization of algal biomass 315 13.6.1 Biodiesel 315 13.6.2 Biomethane 316 13.6.3 Bioethanol 316 13.6.4 Biochar 316 13.7 Conclusion 317 References 317

14. Integrating forward osmosis into microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment 321 Abdallah Alhajar, Muhammad Tawalbeh, Dana Arjomand, Nooruddin Abdel Rahman, Hassan Khan and Amani Al-Othman

14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Microbial fuel cell 14.1.2 Forward osmosis 14.2 Membrane transport theory 14.3 Osmotic microbial fuel cells 14.3.1 Operational and manufactural observations 14.3.2 Applications 14.4 Challenges and obstacles 14.4.1 Reverse solute flux 14.4.2 Cost and efficiency 14.4.3 Membranes 14.5 Previous studies on OsMFCs 14.6 Conclusions References

321 322 324 325 326 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 332 332

15. Recent trends for treatment of environmental contaminants in wastewater: An integrated valorization of industrial wastewater 337 Edwin Hualpa-Cutipa, Richard Andi Solórzano Acosta, Sheena Sangay-Tucto, Xiomara Gisela Mendoza Beingolea, Gianfranco Talavera Gutierrez and Isabel Navarro Zabarburú

15.1 Introduction 15.2 Physicochemical removal of pollutants from wastewater generated by industries 15.2.1 Removal of adsorption 15.2.2 Removal by ion exchange 15.2.3 Removing by nanotechnology 15.2.4 Removal by electrocoagulation 15.2.5 Removal by membrane processes 15.2.6 Removal by chemical precipitation 15.2.7 Removal by magnetic extraction 15.2.8 Removal for biofiltration 15.3 Biotechnological removal of pollutants from wastewater generated by industries 15.3.1 Phytoremediation 15.3.2 Bioaccumulation removal 15.3.3 Biomineralization removal 15.3.4 Biotransformation removal 15.3.5 Removal by bioadsorption 15.3.6 Bacteria and fungus degradation

337 338 339 340 342 342 344 344 347 347 348 348 348 349 349 355 355

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15.4 Combined physicochemical-biotechnological strategies 356 15.5 Drawbacks and future perspectives 358 References 359

16. Advancements in industrial wastewater treatment by integrated membrane technologies 369

Junaid Munawar, Ehsan Ullah Rashid, Shahid Nawaz, Nisar Ali, Vineet Kumar, Hafiz M.N. Iqbal and Muhammad Bilal

369 370 370 371 371 371 373 374 374 376 377

378 378 379 379 379 380

17. Microbial electrochemical-based constructed wetland technology for wastewater treatment: Reality, challenges, and future prospects 383 Divyani Kumari, Achlesh Daverey and Kasturi Dutta

17.1 Introduction 17.2 Integration of BES with CW (CW-BES) 17.2.1 Fundamentals of BES 17.2.2 Advantages of integrating BES with CW 17.2.3 Design of CW-BES systems and requirements 17.3 Wastewater treatment using CW-BES (lab-, pilot-, and full-scale studies)

391 405 406 407

18. Nanostructured materials for water/wastewater remediation 413

Sathya Udayakumar and Keerthi Praveen

16.1 Introduction 16.2 Fundamentals of MBR 16.2.1 Membrane flux 16.2.2 Membrane resistance 16.3 Hybrid MBR for high-strength wastewater 16.4 MBR for tannery wastewater treatment 16.5 MBR for textile wastewater treatment 16.5.1 Characterization of textile wastewaters 16.5.2 Hybrid MBR for textile wastewater treatment 16.6 MBR for pharmaceutical wastewater 16.7 Membrane fouling 16.7.1 Biofouling by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) 16.8 Strategies to reduce membrane fouling 16.8.1 Material configuration for fouling reduction 16.8.2 Integration of treatment system for fouling reduction 16.9 Conclusions References

17.4 Challenges and limitations 17.5 Future scope 17.6 Conclusion References

383 385 385 387 388 389

18.1 Introduction 18.2 Wastewater and their sources 18.3 Nanomaterials for water remediation process 18.4 Carbon-based nanomaterials 18.4.1 Graphene-based nanomaterials 18.4.2 Carbon nanotubes 18.5 Metal and metal oxides nanoparticles 18.5.1 Silver nanoparticles 18.5.2 Nano zerovalent Fe particles 18.5.3 Nano-TiO2 particles 18.5.4 Magnetic nanoparticles 18.6 Nanocomposite and nanofibers membrane 18.6.1 Self-assembling membranes 18.6.2 Clay-based nanoadsorbents 18.7 Conclusion and future aspects References

413 414 416 417 417 419 420 420 421 422 423 424 426 426 426 427

19. Integrated technologies for wastewater treatment 433 Simranjeet Singh, Dhriti Kapoor, Vaishali Dhaka, Savita Bhardwaj, Praveen C. Ramamurthy and Joginder Singh

19.1 Introduction 433 19.2 Current situation of wastewater treatment and management 435 19.3 New concepts and technologies for wastewater treatment 437 19.3.1 Wastewater treatment using activated carbon 437 19.3.2 Wastewater treatment using nanoparticles 439 19.3.3 Carbon nanotubes and wastewater cleansing 440 19.3.4 Microbial fuel cells 442 19.4 Advanced integrated technologies for wastewater treatment 443 19.5 Potential benefits of integrated technologies used in wastewater treatment 446 19.6 Conclusion 449

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Acknowledgements References

449 449

20. Integrated anaerobic-aerobic processes for treatment of high strength wastewater: Consolidated application, new trends, perspectives, and challenges 457 Malliga Perumal, Sivasankari Karikalacholan, Nirosha Parimannan, Janci Arichandran, Keerthana Shanmuganathan, Ragavi Ravi, Sadhumathiya Jayapandiyan, Swathi Jayakumar and Thilothi Mohandas

20.1 Introduction 457 20.2 Integrated anaerobic and aerobic treatment of high strength wastewater 458 20.2.1 Consolidated application 458 20.2.2 New trends, perspectives, and challenges 472 20.3 Conclusion 477 Acknowledgements 478 References 478

21. Integrated biomedical waste degradation and detoxification 481 Nandini Singh, Ishita Shreshtha, Rishabh and Vinod Kumar Nigam

21.1 Introduction 481 21.2 Sources of biomedical waste 482 21.2.1 Medical waste types 482 21.2.2 Biomedical waste segregation/sorting 484 21.2.3 Detoxification of waste 485 21.3 Disposal strategies 485 21.4 Strategies and mechanism of degradation 489 21.4.1 Thermochemical methods 489 21.4.2 Biochemical methods 492 21.5 Constraints 497 21.6 Future scope 499 21.7 Some advanced approaches to treat medical waste 500 21.8 Conclusion and prospects 503 References 505

22. Role of algal-bacterial association in combined wastewater treatment and biohydrogen generation: An overview on its challenges and future 509 Soumya Banerjee and Anoar A. Khan

22.1 Introduction

509

22.2 Unscientific discharge of effluents: A serious environmental issue 22.2.1 Composition of different effluents 22.2.2 Probable solutions from water pollution 22.3 Potential role of microorganisms in remediating wastewater 22.3.1 Role of bacteria in treating wastewater 22.3.2 Role of microalgae in treating waste water 22.3.3 Microalgae-bacterial consortia in treating wastewater 22.4 Alternative use of microalgae-bacteria consortia 22.4.1 Biohydrogen: An alternative bioenergy 22.4.2 Potential drawbacks in biohydrogen production by microalgae-bacteria consortia 22.5 Comparative analysis of biohydrogen over conventional fuels 22.6 Future aspect of biohydrogen production from microalgae-bacteria consortia Reference

509 510 513 513 514 515 517 522 523

526 526 527 527

23. Cyanobacteria mediated toxic metal removal as complementary and alternative wastewater treatment strategy 533 Khalida Bloch and Sougata Ghosh

23.1 Introduction 23.2 Metal toxicity 23.3 Cyanobacteria mediated metal removal 23.3.1 Antimony 23.3.2 Arsenic 23.3.3 Cadmium 23.3.4 Chromium 23.3.5 Copper 23.3.6 Lead 23.3.7 Selenium 23.4 Mechanism 23.5 Conclusions and future perspectives References

Index 549

533 534 534 534 536 538 540 542 542 543 545 545 545

Contributors Richard Andi Solórzano Acosta Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad César Vallejo, Lima-Este., Perú

Ritu Bala Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Abdallah Alhajar Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Soumya Banerjee Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Hooghly Engineering & Technology College, Chinsurah, West Bengal, India

Nisar Ali Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China.

Paul Olusegun Bankole Department of Pure and Applied Botany, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

Dana Al-Muqbel Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Ram Naresh Bharagava Department of Microbiology (DM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Xiomara Gisela Mendoza Beingolea Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú

Mohammed Al-Murisi Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Savita Bhardwaj Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Amani Al-Othman Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Amit Bhatnagar Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Mikkeli, Finland

Dana Arjomand Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Muhammad Bilal School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China

Janci Arichandran Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Jayanta Kumar Biswas Enviromicrobiology, Ecotoxicology and Ecotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India; International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

Jayaseelan Arun Centre for Waste Management, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Manuel Javier Aybar Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Tucumán), Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Biología “Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina

Soma Biswas Energy and Environment Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India

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Contributors

Khalida Bloch Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Himani Chandel EMBL-Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, EERGEcotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Group, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India Zhen Hong Chang Department of Chemical Engineering and Process, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Akanksha Chauhan Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Hydro and Renewable Energy Department, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India Achlesh Daverey School of Environment and Natural Sources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India Shanmuganantham Selvanantham Dawn Centre for Waste Management, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence for Energy Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Inderpal Devgon Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Vaishali Dhaka Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Govindaraj Divyapriya Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, United States Kasturi Dutta Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India

Pablo Marcelo Fernández Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMICONICET), Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina Luiz Fernando R. Ferreira Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil Lucía Inés Castellanos de Figueroa Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina Sougata Ghosh Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Dilshad Begum Golgeri M Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Indian Academy Degree College Autonomous, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Dummi Mahadevan Gurumurthy Department of Biotechnology, GM Institute of Technology, Davangere, Karnataka, India Gianfranco Talavera Gutierrez Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú Nasser M. Hamdan Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Oshadi Hettithanthri Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Kah Chun Ho Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment, and Information Technology, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Malaysia Anyi Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China Edwin Hualpa-Cutipa Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Omics in Life Sciences Research Group, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; Universidad César Vallejo

Contributors

Anum Iqbal Material Sciences and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Hafiz M.N. Iqbal Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico Khushboo Iqbal Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Swathi Jayakumar Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Sadhumathiya Jayapandiyan Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Mahmood Gheni Jebur Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Salah Al-din, Iraq Syeda Ulfath Tazeen Kadri Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Dhriti Kapoor Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Ansaf V. Karim Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India Arun Karnwal Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Sivasankari Karikalacholan Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Keerthi Praveen Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Anoar A. Khan Chemical Engineering Department, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Hassan Khan Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

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Pabasari Arundathi Koliyabandara Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Sri Lanka Mukesh Kumar Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Navneet Kumar EMBL-Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, EERGEcotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Group, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India Vineet Kumar Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra-440020, India Divyani Kumari Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India Débora Daniela Maza Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Tucumán), Tucumán, Argentina Arti Mishra Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Thilothi Mohandas Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Monojit Mondal Enviromicrobiology, Ecotoxicology and Ecotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India Sikandar I. Mulla Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Junaid Munawar College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, PR China

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Contributors

Satish Kumar Murari Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Sibiraj Murugesan EMBL-Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, EERG-Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Group, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Praveen C. Ramamurthy Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India Abhishek Rana Jindal Global Law School, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India

Nadeeshani Nanayakkara Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Ehsan Ullah Rashid Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Shahid Nawaz Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

Anushka Rathnayake Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka

Puthiya Veetil Nidheesh Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Vinod Kumar Nigam Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi Narasiman Nirmala Centre for Waste Management, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Nirosha Parimannan Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Lakshmi Pisharody The Zuckerberg Institute of Water Research, Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel Malliga Perumal Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Hydro and Renewable Energy Department, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India Nooruddin Abdel Rahman Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,

Ragavi Ravi Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Rishabh graj

Motilal Nehru Medical College, Praya-

Rohan Samir Kumar Sachan Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Sheena Sangay-Tucto Centro de Investigación y Tecnología del Agua (CITA), Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC), Lima, Perú Gaurav Saxena EMBL-Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, EERGEcotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Group, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India Keerthana Shanmuganathan Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Geetansh Sharma EMBL-Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, EERG-Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Group, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and

Contributors

Management Sciences, Pradesh, India

Solan,

Himachal

Neha Sharma Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Kartikeya Shukla Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India

Saurabh Thakur EMBL-Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, EERGEcotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Group, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Smriti Shukla Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Sathya Udayakumar Environmental Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Joginder Singh Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Ajit Varma Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Nandini Singh Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi

Silvana Carolina Viñarta Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMICONICET), Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina

Ishita Shreshtha Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi

Simranjeet Singh Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India Manpreet Kaur Somal Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Kirti Shyam EMBL-Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, EERGEcotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Group, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India Simran Takkar Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Muhammad Tawalbeh Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Yeit Haan Teow Department of Chemical Engineering and Process, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor

Meththika Vithanage Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka Sumith Ranil Wickramasinghe Department of Chemical Engineering and Process, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Manu Yadav EMBL-Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, EERGEcotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Group, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India Isabel Navarro Zabarburú Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú

About the editors Dr. Vineet Kumar is currently working as a Senior Project Associate in the Waste Re-processing Division at CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Before his joining, he worked as Assistant Professor (Ad-hoc) in the Department of Botany at Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India. He worked as Assistant Professor and Academic Coordinator at Vinayak Vidyapeeth, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. Dr. Kumar received his M.Sc. and M.Phil. degree in Microbiology from Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India. He earned his Ph.D. in Environmental Microbiology from Babasaheb Bhimaro Ambedkar (A Central) University, Lucknow, India and later worked at the Dr. Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, Lucknow, India as a Guest Faculty where he taught courses in general microbiology, microbial genetics, molecular biology, and environmental microbiology to students of post graduate-level. He was awarded a Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship by the University Grants Commission, India to support his doctoral work on “Distillery Wastewater Treatment” in 2013. His research interests include bioremediation, phytoremediation, metagenomics, wastewater treatment, environmental monitoring, and bioenergy and biofuel production. Currently, his research mainly focuses on the development of integrated and sustainable methods that can help in minimizing or eliminating hazardous substances in the environment for sustainable development. He is the author of numerous research/review articles published in international peer-reviewed journals from Springer Nature, Frontiers, and Elsevier on the different aspects of bioremediation, phytoremediation, and metagenomics of industrial waste polluted sites. In addition, he has published 15 Books on different aspects of phytoremediation and bioremediation of wastewater or wastewater pollutants from CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group), and Elsevier Inc., USA. Dr. Kumar has been serving as a guest editor and reviewer in many prestigious International Journals, including Frontiers in Microbiology, Environmental Research, Chemosphere, Journal of Basic Microbiology; International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology; CLEAN-Soil, Air, Water etc.

He is an active member of numerous scientific societies and has served the editorial board of the journal Current Research in Wastewater Management, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews, and SN Applied Sciences. As part of his interest in teaching biology, he is founder of the Society for Green Environment, India (website: www.sgeindia.org). He can be reached at drvineet.micro@gmail.com; vineet.way18@gmail.com.

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About the editors

Dr. Manish Kumar is currently working as a Project Scientist at Environmental Biotechnology and Genomic Division (EBGD), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR–NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Dr. Kumar did his postdoctoral research from Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China and Ph.D. from School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. Dr. Kumar working area belongs to bioremediation, biovalorization, bioenergy, and detoxification of natural and organic compounds, with major emphasis on waste biorefinery and circular economy. He worked for Department of Science and Technology, Government of India sponsor project and Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India sponsored project.

He also worked for international collaborative project entitle “Indo-US Advanced Bioenergy Consortium (IUABC): Second Generation Biofuels.” In 2018, he worked as Visiting Researcher at École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland, Bioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group (BPE). He has published more than 30 research and review papers in peer review journals, 5 book chapters, and also applied for one patent. He has more than 850 Google citations with 17 h-index.

Preface These days, rising industrial, manufacturing, and agricultural activities, imposing huge demand of fresh water and simultaneously producing significant amount of wastewater. The generation of wastewater imposes several grave environmental issues related to its treatments, reuse, and recycling. Due to rising demands of new and emerging products simultaneously imposing pressure on industries to fulfill the demands which leads to generation of emerging and recalcitrant contaminants and further their amalgamation in wastewater stream.

Traditional wastewater treatments methods are inadequate to remove these emerging pollutants, further worsening the issues related to potable water globally. Henceforth, there is an awful demand to upgrade the existing wastewater treatment technologies or to developed new technologies to lessen the impacts of wastewater on the environment and living being health.

Although wastewater treatment and resource recovery methods have been widely expanded by the researchers and industries in present decades, still their large-scale execution in treatments and recovery of resources from wastewater is insignificant due to several technical and no-technical issues. Wastewater treatments technologies and their management significant plays a role in developing a sustainable urban society. Conventionally, the main aim of wastewater management and treatment is to guard downstream consumers from health-related issues. However, these days, protecting the environments

and prevention the surface and ground water contamination from wastewater containing extra nutrients loads, turn out to be an additional objective. Subsequently, technologies for removal of phosphorous and nitrogen have been deployed recently in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

In current scenario, the most extensively applied wastewater treatment and resource recovery technology are the conventional activated sludge method. Even though this method is successful enough in maintaining the quality of wastewater in view of its legal discharge quality guideline, still this process is ineffective in recovery of resources, economics, and their high energy intensiveness and environmental footprint.

The need for achieving the sustainability as well as efficient usage of available resources, existing wastewater treatment technologies have provided a paradigm shift inside the scientific minds with affection to solution of wastewater. The issue now recommends a change from removal of contaminant from wastewater stream to recovery of value added products, therefore, wastewater could be realized as a feedstock somewhat than an environmental waste.

It appears expected that we have to have advance a new technology if we are willing to cope up with rising population and increasing living standards, which are propelling our utilization of naturally available resources toward boundaries beyond environmental sustainability. In spite of regular scientific outcome over an extended time scale on technological resolutions to create a better circular

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Preface

economy model related to treatment and resource recovery from wastewater stream, their execution at large-scale is infancy and challenging. The execution of resource recovery operation can be tedious due to altering the existing technologies incurs extra costs, generates operational interferences, and utilizes additional resources. Due to rising figures of existing resource recovery approaches, WWT technologies and their design are no more a manageable technical issue, but a multifaceted topic that needs a cohesive strategy to take effective resolutions. Ambiguities related to which approaches are most suitable and in what way integrate them is still challenging. Along with technical ambiguities that are effective for several evolving resource recovery approaches, numerous nontechnological stumbling block could hamper the effective execution of such approaches into treatment of wastewater and recovery of resources.

Specifically, the market capacity and competition for recovered resources from wastewater stream present ambiguities. The wastewater treatment sector has previously been out of sorts equipment to address issues related to conventional engineering-centered room. Institutional compartmentalization which adversely hampers integrated water-resource recovery and management strategy, must be improved so as to make advancement in emerging resource recoveryoriented management and treatment of wastewater.

Therefore, the current book, entitled “Integrated Environmental Technologies for Wastewater Treatment and Sustainable Development” discussed the strategies, implementation, current finding and progress in treatment of wastewater and recovery of resources based on the circular economy model, which might be helpful in achieving the goal of sustainable environments. These context specific aspects have been covered with in

23 chapters contributed by leading researches and scientists from all over the world having expertise in wastewater treatment and biovalorization. It is well known that wastewater treatment and resource recovery from waste stream is a multidisciplinary technique where microbiologists, biotechnologists, biochemists, soil scientists, environmental scientist, and etc. work jointly to advance and successfully execute operation to achieve the environmental sustainability.

Henceforth, in this book, many appropriate subjects have been underwritten by specialists from various backgrounds, universities, colleges, institutions, research and development laboratories and industries, who perform basic, applied and engineering research in the novel field of wastewater treatment and resource recovery from waste streams globally. This book covered, various issues related to fundamental and cutting-edge information associated with wastewater treatment and resource recovery for sustainable environment, including Integration of Photocatalytic and Biological Processes for Treatment of Complex Effluent: Recent Developments, Trends, and Advances; Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) Technology for Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater: Recent Advances and Challenges; Innovative Integrated Treatment Approaches for Recycling and Re-Use of Industrial and Municipal Wastewater; Integrated Production of Biodiesel and Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Culturing Oleaginous Microorganisms; Nature-inspired Ecotechnological Approaches Towards Recycling and Recovery of Resources from Wastewater; Integrated Microbial Desalination Cell and Microbial Electrolysis Cell for Wastewater Treatment; Hydroxyapatite for environmental remediation of water/wastewater; Algae Coupled Constructed Wetland System for Wastewater Treatment; Integrated Carbon Dioxide Sequestration, Wastewater Treatment, and

Preface

Biofuel Production by Microalgae Culturing: Needs and Limitations; Physicochemical– Biotechnological Approaches for Removal of Contaminants from Wastewater; Integrated Biopolymer and Bioenergy Production from Organic Waste: Recent Advances and Future Outlook; Integrated Production of Polyhydroxyalkonate (Bioplastic) with Municipal Wastewater and Sludge Treatment for Sustainable Development; Wastewater Treatment by Oleaginous Algae and Biodiesel Production: Prospects and Challenges; Integrating Forward Osmosis into Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment; Recent Trends for Treatment of Environmental Contaminants in Wastewater: An Integrated Valorization of Industrial Wastewater; Advancements in Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Integrated Membrane Technologies; Microbial Electrochemical Based Constructed Wetlands Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Reality, Challenges and Future Prospects; Nanostructured Materials for Water/Wastewater Remediation; Integrated Technologies for Wastewater Treatment; Integrated anaerobic-aerobic processes for treatment of high strength wastewater: consolidated application, new trends, perspective and challenges; Integrated Biodegradation and Detoxification of Medical Waste; Integrated Treatment of Industrial Effluents by Chemical Coagulation and Ozona-

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tion, Cyanobacteria mediated toxic metal removal from wastewater. All contributed chapters in this book are understandable and comprehensive discussed, with appropriate photographical and graphical representation to make the information uncomplicated and deliver additional help and support in understanding the processes. The key goal of this book is to provide in-depth knowledge about wastewater treatments technologies and recovery of greener value-added products from waste so as to uphold environmental sustainability. We are hoping this book also provides inordinate value to researchers, academicians, scientists, environmentalists, entrepreneurs, environmental engineers, legislators, governing experts, dumping site managers, and students belongs to various disciplines and level such as bachelor, master, doctoral along with other passionate persons who are enthusiastically devoted to protecting the environment for sustainability. We have faith in that the various technologies and approaches discussed in this book, imitate the key drifts of research work and progress for the upcoming years.

Vineet Kumar Nagpur, India Manish Kumar Nagpur, India