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Innovations in Graphene-Based Polymer Composites

FIRST EDITION

Volume Editor

Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai

Series

Professor Suresh G. Advani

Professor Leif Asp

Professor Yuris A. Dzenis

Professor Ing. Habil. Bodo Fiedler

Professor Adrian Mouri

Professor Chun H. Wang

Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Contributors

1: Introduction to graphene-based materials and their composites

Abstract

1.1: Introduction

1.2: Graphene and graphene oxide

1.3: Preparation of graphene-containing polymeric composites

1.4: Graphene/polymer composite properties

1.5: Conclusion

References

2: Synthesis of graphene polymer composites having high filler content

Abstract

2 1: Introduction

2.2: One-dimensional fiber

2.3: Two-dimensional film

2 4: Three-dimensional foam

2.5: Conclusions

References

3: Graphene-based polymer composites for flame-retardant application

Abstract

3 1: Introduction

3.2: Flame-retardant property of graphene

3.3: Preparation of graphene-based flame retardants

3 4: Application of graphene-based flame retardants in polymer composites

3.5: Flame-retardant mechanism of graphene

3.6: Summary References

4: Structural analysis of graphene-based composites

Abstract

4.1: Introduction

4.2: Static analysis

4.3: Transient/dynamic analysis

4.4: Vibration analysis

4.5: Buckling and postbuckling analysis

4.6: Effect of environmental variables and postprocessing parameters

4 7: Conclusions and future prospects

References

5: Graphene-based polymer coatings

Abstract

5.1: Introduction

5.2: Graphite/graphene-based polymer coatings

5.3: Graphene oxide-based polymer coatings

5.4: Conclusion and future outlook

References

6: Graphene-reinforced polymeric membranes for water desalination and gas separation/barrier applications

Abstract

6.1: Introduction

6.2: 2D nanomaterials

6.3: Ionized polymers

6.4: Conclusions

References

7: Modeling and simulation of graphene-based composites

Abstract

Acknowledgments

7.1: Introduction

7.2: Characterizing techniques

7.3: Atomistic simulations to characterize the graphene-polymer nanocomposites

7.4: Conclusion and future prospects

References

8: Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites in biomedical applications

Abstract

8.1: Introduction

8.2: Fabrication of polymer-graphene nanocomposites

8.3: Properties of polymer-graphene nanocomposites

8.4: Biomedical applications of polymer-graphene nanocomposites

8 5: Future perspective

8.6: Conclusions

References

9: 3D printing of graphene polymer composites

Abstract

9.1: Introduction

9.2: 3D printing methods for graphene-based composites

9.3: Printable graphene-based polymeric nanocomposite

9.4: Applications

9.5: Conclusions and prospects

References

10: Dielectric properties of graphene polymer blends

Abstract Acknowledgments

10.1: Introduction

10.2: Materials and preparation method

10.3: Dielectric properties and AC conductivity

10.4: Enhanced dielectric properties of graphene composite films by electron beam irradiation

10 5: P-E loop/energy efficiency

10.6: Electrical breakdown strength (Eb)

10.7: Conclusion

References

11: Graphene-based polymer composite films

Abstract

Acknowledgments

11.1: Introduction

11.2: Different types of graphene-based composite membranes

11.3: Conclusion and comment

11.4: Future perspectives

References

12: Modeling and prediction of tribological properties of polyetheretherketone composite reinforced with graphene and titanium powder using artificial neural network

Abstract

12.1: Introduction

12.2: Experimental procedure

12.3: Configuration of artificial neural network

12.4: Structure of database

12.5: ANN evaluation and optimization

12.6: Results and discussion

12.7: Conclusions

References

13: Graphene polymer foams and sponges’ preparation and applications

Abstract

13.1: Introduction

13.2: Applications

13.3: Conclusion

References

14: Graphene-based polymer composites for photocatalytic applications

Abstract

14.1: Introduction

14.2: Principle of photocatalysis

14.3: Titanium dioxide semiconductors

14.4: Conjugated systems

14.5: Graphene in photocatalysis

14.6: Conclusion

References

15: Effect of graphene structure, processing method, and polyethylene type on the thermal conductivity of polyethylenegraphene nanocomposites

Abstract Acknowledgment

15 1: Introduction

15.2: Experimental

15.3: Methodology

15 4: Characterization

15.5: Results and discussion

15.6: Effect of melt blending extrusion speed

15 7: Effect of graphene loading and PE type

15.8: Effect of processing method

15.9: Effect of solution processing technique

15 10: Effect of C/O ratio and surface area of graphene

15.11: Conclusions

References

16: Functionalization of graphene composites using ionic liquids and applications

Abstract

Acknowledgment

16.1: Introduction

16.2: Functionalization of graphene composites with IL-based materials

16.3: Various applications of IL-GO composites in energy storage devices

16.4: Other applications

16.5: Conclusions

References

17: 3D printing of graphene-based composites and their applications in medicine and health care

Abstract

17.1: Introduction

17.2: Graphene-based composites

17.3: 3D printing

17.4: Applications in medicine and health care

17.5: Conclusion

References

18: Graphene/polymer composite membranes for vanadium redox flow baery applications

Abstract

18.1: Introduction

18.2: Functionalized GO derivatives

18.3: Properties of graphene/polymer composite membranes

18.4: Conclusion

References

19: Free vibration analysis of microplates reinforced with functionally graded graphene nanoplatelets

Abstract Acknowledgments

19.1: Introduction

19.2: Modified strain gradient formulation

19.3: Kinematic and constitutive relations

19.4: Solution procedure

19.5: Results and discussion

19.6: Conclusions

References

20: Graphene-based polymer composites in corrosion protection applications

Abstract

20 1: Introduction

20.2: Carbon-based nanofillers

20.3: GO modification

20 4: Graphene in corrosion science

20.5: Utilization of graphene and derivate in polymeric composites

20.6: Conclusion

References

21: Graphene/polymer composite application on supercapacitors

Abstract

21.1: Introduction

21.2: Graphene/conducting polymer composites as electrode materials

21.3: Comparison of graphene/conducting polymers composites

21.4: Effect of electrolyte on the performance of the graphene/polymer-based supercapacitor

21.5: Graphene/nonconducting polymer composites as binders

21.6: Conclusion and future outlook

References Index

Copyright

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Contributors

Hooman Abbasi Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Poly2 Group, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC BarcelonaTech), Terrassa, Spain

Ahmed Abdala Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar

Raouf AliAkbari Department of Chemistry, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Marcelo Antunes Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Poly2 Group, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC BarcelonaTech), Terrassa, Spain

Mohammad Arefi Department of Solid Mechanic, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Elyas Mohammad-Rezaei Bidgoli Department of Solid Mechanic, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Wei Cai State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China

Suphita Chaipo Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand

A.U. Chaudhry

Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Ar-Rayyan Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar

Ali Dehghani

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Aliabad Katoul

Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Niloofar Eslahi Department of Textile Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Asmara Fazal Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

Wenwen Guo State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China

Andri Hardiansyah Research Center for Physics Indonesian Institute for Science, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia

Christian Harito Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia

Dineshkumar Harursampath Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India

Yuan Hu State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China

Muhammad Javaid Iqbal Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

Muhammad Zahir Iqbal Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Naman Jain Department of Mechanical Engineering, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, India

Kunthisa Jehlaeh Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand

Tifeng Jiao Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People’s Republic of China

Athul Joseph Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India

Munawar Khalil Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Saeideh Kholghi Eshkalak Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Morvarid Koohkhezri Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology,Tehran, Iran

Elaheh Kowsari Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Seyed Mohammad Lashgari Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Na Li Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People’s Republic of China

Roya Lotfi

Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

Abdelnasser Mabrouk Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar

Vinyas Mahesh Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, India

Vishwas Mahesh

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore

Department of Industrial Engineering and Production, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, India

Mozhdeh Mazaheri Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Hesam Moghadasi School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

S. Mohanty CIPET: SARP-LARPM, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Mohammad Dashti Najafi Department of Chemistry, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

S.K. Nayak Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India

Thien-Phap Nguyen Philippe Le Rendu-Institut des Matériaux

Jean Rouxel, University of Nantes, Nantes, France

Avinash Parashar Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India

Ardian Agus Permana Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand

Budi Riza Putra Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Chatchai Putson Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand

Penghua Qian State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering and School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China

Seeram Ramakrishna Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Bahram Ramezanzadeh Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Ahamad Salea Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand

Sushanta K. Sethi Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India

Haifeng Shi State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering and School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China

Abdolreza Simchi

Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Foad Soleimani Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Mohammad Ebrahim Haji Naghi Tehrani Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology

School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Adri C.T. van Duin Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States

José Ignacio Velasco Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Poly2 Group, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC BarcelonaTech), Terrassa, Spain

Akarsh Verma

Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India

Shatakshi Verma Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India

Haixia Wang State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering and School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China

Ran Wang Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People’s Republic of China

Xin Wang State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China

Brian Yuliarto

Advanced Functional Materials (AFM) Laboratory, Engineering

Physics

Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

Syed Z.J. Zaidi Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Mohamed Zakaulla H.K.B.K College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Bangalore, India

Nooshin Zandi Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Lei Zhang State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering and School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China

Lexin Zhang Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People’s Republic of China

Jingxin Zhou Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People’s Republic of China

1: Introduction to graphene-based materials and their composites

Abstract

In the present decade, by the development of nanoscience, other fields were affected considerably Carbon-based nanomaterials, i e , fullerenes, carbon black, single-walled, and multiwalled CNTs, GO, rGO, and graphene, were introduced as effective nanomaterials for different industrial applications. However, due to the unique electrical and thermal properties, graphene was known more than the others. Graphene and its derivates are some of the most common nanomaterials, which are extensively utilized in various applications, i e , polymers due to the insufficient properties of pristine polymers In other words, the presence of graphene-based nanofillers improves their durable properties Evaluations confirmed that the existence of a low concentration of graphene (and its derivate) in the polymeric matrixes causes considerable effects on the natural properties of the graphene-containing polymeric matrixes. Recently, these nanoparticles have been applied in sensors, baeries, solar cells, etc. This chapter has focused on introducing graphene and the synthesis methods of its derivates, modification routes, and their impacts on the physical/chemical/thermal/anticorrosion properties of the polymeric matrixes

Keywords

Graphene; Graphene oxide; Polymer composite; Mechanical properties; Synthesis

1.1: Introduction

Composites with particular properties are mainly prepared by combining uniquely characterized materials In general, the properties of the composite originate from the best properties and characteristics of each material Graphene provides a large surface area, excellent mobility, and desirable conductivity and exhibits special electrochemical properties. However, pure graphene is not considered as an electrode [1]. Recently, the arena of nanoscience, nanotechnology, and nanocomposites sciences has been developed, and the branches of nanoscience were expanded to a variety of applications, i e , packaging, electronics, automotive, biotechnology, and flexible sensors [2–4]

Recently, carbon-based fillers with different dimensions have been introduced, targeting the improvements in the properties of composite (Fig 1 1) [5–8] For example, due to the exceptional structure, sufficient surface area, and good conductivity, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced as reliable nanofillers, for improving the mechanical and electrical properties of composites simultaneously. However, due to the complicated and expensive process of production, the usage of CNTs has been limited in different commercial applications.

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