No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmi ed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a ma er of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-0-12-820563-1
For Information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at h ps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals
Publisher: Charlo e Cockle
Acquisitions Editor: Megan R. Ball
Editorial Project Manager: Lena Sparks
Production Project Manager: Joy Christel Neumarin Honest Thangiah
Cover Designer: Christian Bilbow
Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India
List of Contributors
Samuel Chetachukwu Adegoke, Second Edition: Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State UniversityGreensboroNCUnited States
Carlos Álvarez, Second Edition: Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland Teagasc Food Research CentreAshtownIreland
Christa Aoude
Second Edition: Sorbonne University, University of Technology of Compiègne, Laboratory of Integrated Transformation of Renewable Ma er (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Royallieu research center, Compiègne, France Sorbonne University, University of Technology of Compiègne, Laboratory of Integrated Transformation of Renewable Ma er (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Royallieu research centerCompiègneFrance
University of Balamand, Chemical Engineering Department, El Koura, Tripoli, Lebanon University of Balamand, Chemical Engineering Department, El KouraTripoliLebanon
Violaine Athès-Dutour
Second Edition: Paris-Saclay University, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Food and Bioproduct Engineering SayFood JRU, Thiverval-Grignon, France Paris-Saclay University, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Food and Bioproduct Engineering SayFood JRUThiverval-GrignonFrance Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University MalaysiaSubang JayaMalaysia
y g y y
First Edition: INRA/AgroParisTech, France
INRA/AgroParisTechFrance
Giulia Baldi, Second Edition: Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaCesenaItaly
Francisco J. Barba
Second Edition: Department of Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
Department of Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
First Edition: Universitat de València, Spain Universitat de ValènciaSpain
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, ValenciaSpain
Nastasia Belc, Second Edition: National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA BucharestBucharestRomania
Lorenzo Bertin
Second Edition: University of Bologna, Italy University of BolognaItaly
First Edition: University of Bologna, Italy University of BolognaItaly
Chiranjib Bha acharjee
Second Edition: Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
First Edition: Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, KolkataWest BengalIndia
Sangita Bha acharjee, Second Edition: Department of Chemical Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India Department of Chemical Engineering, Heritage Institute of TechnologyKolkataIndia
Silvia Alvarez Blanco
Second Edition: Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaSpain
First Edition: Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaSpain
Hoe Boon Chin, Second Edition: Chemical Engineering Discipline and Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia Chemical Engineering Discipline and Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research PlatformBandar SunwayMalaysia
Mladen Brnčić, First Edition: University of Zagreb, Croatia University of ZagrebCroatia
Camelia Bucatariu
Second Edition: Independent Researcher, Rome, Italy Independent ResearcherRomeItaly
First Edition: Policy Development International Consultant, Rural Infrastructure, and Agro-Industry Division (AGS), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Italy Policy Development International Consultant, Rural Infrastructure, and Agro-Industry Division (AGS), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)Italy
Anda-Gratiela Burnete, Second Edition: National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA BucharestBucharestRomania
María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea, Second Edition: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Polytechnic of Porto School of Engineering, Porto, Portugal REQUIMTE/LAQV, Polytechnic of Porto School of EngineeringPortoPortugal
Débora A. Campos
Second Edition: AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)DerioSpain Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de BiotecnologiaPortoPortugal
Alfredo Cassano
Second Edition: Institute on Membrane Technology, Rende, Italy Institute on Membrane TechnologyRendeItaly
First Edition: Institute on Membrane Technology-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, University of Calabria, Rende Cosenza, Italy Institute on Membrane Technology-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, University of CalabriaRende CosenzaItaly
Luminita Catana, Second Edition: National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA BucharestBucharestRomania
Monica Catana, Second Edition: National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA BucharestBucharestRomania
Sudip Chakraborty, First Edition: Institute on Membrane Technology, University of Calabria, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy Institute on Membrane Technology, University of Calabria, ITMCNRRendeItaly
Smain Chemat
Second Edition: Research Centre in Physical and Chemical Analysis (C.R.A.P.C.), Tipaza, Algeria Research Centre in Physical and Chemical Analysis (C.R.A.P.C.)TipazaAlgeria
First Edition: Centre de Recherches Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (C.R.A.P.C), Algeria Centre de Recherches Scientifique et Technique en Analyses PhysicoChimiques (C.R.A.P.C)Algeria
Ooi Chien Wei, Second Edition: Chemical Engineering Discipline and Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia Chemical Engineering Discipline and Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research PlatformBandar SunwayMalaysia
Alina Culetu, Second Edition: National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania National Institute of R&D for Food Bioresources, IBA BucharestBucharestRomania
P.J. Cullen, First Edition: University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia University of New South Wales, SydneyAustralia
Patrick J. Cullen, Second Edition: School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of TechnologyDublinIreland
Isabel C.N. Debien
Second Edition: LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering)/UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Brazil
LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering)/UNICAMP (University of Campinas)Brazil
First Edition: LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering)/UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas, Brazil LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering)/UNICAMP (University of Campinas)CampinasBrazil
Maria Dolores del Castillo, Second Edition: Food Bioscience Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CSIC-UAM), Madrid,
