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Dedication
In your hands, you hold the 3rd edition of Diagnostic Imaging: Pediatric Neuroradiology, successor to the 2 highly successful editions that preceded it. We would like to acknowledge the fine stewardship of A. James Barkovich, MD, for both of the previous editions. Building on these excellent books, our author team has focused our attention both toward refining and updating the previously written chapters, as well as adding new chapters to introduce important, but previously unknown (or misunderstood), disorders.
I have been fortunate to work with an outstanding group of coauthors for this edition. In addition to welcoming the return of Drs. Bernadette Koch and Blaise Jones, we have added 3 new authors to the pediatric neuroradiology team: Drs. Usha Nagaraj, Luke Linscott, and Surjith Vattoth. All bring excellent breadth of knowledge, as well as deep experience, within their subspecialty areas of interest to this book.
I would also like to shine light on the many individuals within the editorial and production staff, who spend countless hours in the background attending to the many tiny details that distinguish an excellent book. Although they frequently work in anonymity, the importance of these team members is difficult to overstate. We are deeply indebted to them.
Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge (and thank!) their spouses and significant others, children, and colleagues who directly or indirectly support our devotion of many hours’ time committed to completing this project.
KRM
Contributing Authors
Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD
A. James Barkovich, MD
Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC
Bryson Borg, MD
Philip R. Chapman, MD
H. Christian Davidson, MD
P. Ellen Grant, MD
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
Gary L. Hedlund, DO
Chang Yueh Ho, MD
Anna Illner, MD
Miral D. Jhaveri, MD
Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA
Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
Laurie A. Loevner, MD
Daniel E. Meltzer, MD
A. Carlson Merrow, Jr., MD, FAAP
Sara M. O’Hara, MD, FAAP
Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
James M. Provenzale, MD
Charles Raybaud, MD, FRCPC
John H. Rees, MD
Caroline D. Robson, MBChB
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
Karen L. Salzman, MD
Lubdha M. Shah, MD
Hilda E. Stambuk, MD
Gilbert Vézina, MD
Preface
Welcome to the 3rd edition of Diagnostic Imaging: Pediatric Neuroradiology The authors have carefully reviewed the prior edition in order to identify areas that have experienced advances in pathophysiology knowledge or genetic characterization. Unsurprisingly, our concepts of many disorders that were described in the prior edition have significantly changed as a result, including better understanding of the genetic basis for disease, reclassification of disorders based on better understanding of etiology and pathophysiology, as well as discoveries of entirely new entities. As a direct result, the previous book has undergone extensive revision in an attempt to reflect the most current understanding of these disorders. As an example, classification of CNS tumor types/subtypes has been extensively updated within the 2016 WHO revision to emphasize the emergence of molecular subtyping for diagnosis and treatment planning. As a result, some well-known tumors have new names in their relevant chapters. Additionally, we have introduced entirely new chapters covering important, but previously undiscussed, pediatric brain and spine neoplasms. We have also updated and expanded our treatment of metabolic and white matter diseases to reflect knowledge advances in those important areas.
Despite these changes, we have endeavored to retain many popular features of prior editions. We continue to utilize bulleted, succinct text for fast and easy comprehension of essential information, including terminology, imaging findings, key facts, differential diagnosis, pathology, clinical issues, diagnostic checklist, and selected references. Introductory chapters before major book sections are written to provide pertinent embryologic, anatomic, and physiologic background to help readers understand fundamental concepts of the disorders described in the following sections. The authors have scrutinized color graphics from prior editions, updating many older graphics to improve accuracy, as well as developing entirely new graphics to more helpfully demonstrate key diagnosis features and findings. The print and digital image galleries have also been extensively revised to cull older images, and many new images have been added to reflect evolving knowledge and improvements in imaging technology.
As was the case in the previous editions, this book reflects the contributions of many colleagues (too numerous to name individually) who helped us to write (and rewrite) the many chapters. We are indebted to one another for sharing their valuable (and finite) time and expertise to ensure that the completed project meets the high standards of the authors and the publisher. We are particularly indebted to the dedicated editorial and production staff at Elsevier for their many hours of largely anonymous work attending to the many small details that result in a quality book. A heartfelt thank you, with special mention to Nina Themann (Senior Editor) and Emily Fassett (Production Coordinator). We believe that the end result is a comprehensive but accessible textbook that describes a large number of important pediatric disorders, both common and uncommon, that affect the brain, head, neck, and spine of children. In disorders that affect both adults and children, the diagnoses are written and figures selected to emphasize the pediatric aspects of these disorders.
The authors and publisher hope that you, the reader, will find this 3rd edition of Diagnostic Imaging: Pediatric Neuroradiology to be a handy and useful resource at the workstation or clinic within your daily practice.
Kevin R. Moore, MD
Pediatric Radiologist and Neuroradiologist
Vice Chair, Department of Medical Imaging
Primary Children’s Hospital
Salt Lake City, Utah
Acknowledgments
LEAD EDITOR
Nina I. Themann, BA
TEXT EDITORS
Arthur G. Gelsinger, MA
Rebecca L. Bluth, BA
Terry W. Ferrell, MS
Megg Morin, BA
IMAGE EDITORS
Jeffrey J. Marmorstone, BS
Lisa A. M. Steadman, BS
ILLUSTRATIONS
Richard Coombs, MS
Lane R. Bennion, MS
Laura C. Wissler, MA
ART DIRECTION AND DESIGN
Tom M. Olson, BA
PRODUCTION COORDINATORS
Emily C. Fassett, BA
John Pecorelli, BS
Sections
PART I - Brain
SECTION 1: Pathology-Based Diagnoses
SECTION 2: Anatomy-Based Diagnoses
PART II - Head and Neck
SECTION 1: Temporal Bone and Skull Base
SECTION 2: Orbit, Nose, and Sinuses
SECTION 3: Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck
SECTION 4: Multiple Regions, Head and Neck
PART III - Spine
SECTION 1: Congenital and Genetic Disorders
SECTION 2: Trauma
SECTION 3: Developmental and Degenerative Diseases
