CRITICAL CARE NEPHROLOGY
Claudio Ronco, MD
Director, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV)
San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy
Rinaldo Bellomo, MB BS (Hons), MD, FRACP, FCICM, FAAHMS
Department of Intensive Care
Austin Hospital and Royal Melbourne Hospital
Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Monash University and School of Medicine
The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
John A. Kellum, MD, MCCM
Director, Center for Critical Care Nephrology
Professor and Vice Chair
Department of Critical Care Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Zaccaria Ricci, MD
Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS Rome, Italy
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
Critical Care Nephrology, Third Edition
Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-323-44942-7
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
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Previous editions copyrighted 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.; 1998 by Claudio Ronco, MD, and Rinaldo Bellomo, MD
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Ronco, C. (Claudio), 1951- editor. | Bellomo, R. (Rinaldo), 1956-editor. | Kellum, John A., editor. | Ricci, Zaccaria, editor.
Title: Critical care nephrology / editors, Claudio Ronco, Rinaldo Bellomo, John A. Kellum, Zaccaria Ricci.
Other titles: Critical care nephrology (Ronco)
Description: Third edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, Inc., [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017004974 | ISBN 9780323449427 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Kidney Diseases—therapy | Kidney Diseases—complications | Critical Care
Classification: LCC RC903 | NLM WJ 300 | DDC 616.6/1028—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017004974
Content Strategist: Nancy Anastasi Duffy
Content Development Specialist: Janice Galliard
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Project Manager: Stephanie Turza
Design Direction: Margaret Reid Printed in the United States of America
To my wife, Paola, for her love, patience and support. To Federico, my dear son, now an esteemed colleague.
Claudio Ronco
To my wife, Debbie, for her patience, understanding, and support. To my daughter, Hilary, may she long continue to pursue excellence and wisdom. To both for giving my life meaning.
Rinaldo Bellomo
To my parents, John and Barbara, whose support and encouragement make all things seem possible; to my wonderful wife, Nita, who keeps my feet on the ground; and to my children, Brianna and Alston, who have given me the greatest joys I have ever known.
John A. Kellum
To my mentor, Claudio, the first who showed to me that it is more important to give than to take, in science and in life. To my coeditors, because I could collaborate with those who have previously taught me all of this. To Emanuela, Margherita, Alessandro e Matteo for the love they brought in my life.
Zaccaria Ricci
Francesco G. Casino, MD Nephrologist Dialysis Centre SM2 Potenza, Italy
Giuseppe Castellano, MD Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit Department of Emergency and Transplantation University of Bari Bari, Italy
Matteo Catania, MD Resident Department of Radiology University of Verona Verona, Italy
Kelly A. Cawcutt, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Infectious Diseases University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska
Jorge Cerda, MD Department of Medicine Albany Medical College Albany, New York
Elliot Charen, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Nephrology Icahn School of Medicine New York, New York
Lakhmir S. Chawla, MD Division of Intensive Care Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Veterans Affairs Medical Center Washington, District of Columbia
Stefano Chiaramonte, MD Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy
Horng-Ruey Chua, MBBS, MMed(Int Med), FRCP(Edin), FAMS, FASN Consultant Nephrologist Department of Medicine National University Hospital Singapore
Bruno Cianciaruso, MD (deceased) Division of Nephrology and Dialysis University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
Paola Ciceri, MD Renal Division Department of Health Sciences San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Milan, Italy
Jacek Cieslak, MD, FRCPC
Nephrology Resident Departments of Internal Medicine and Nephrology
University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
William R. Clark, MD Davidson School of Chemical Engineering
Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana
Rolando Claure-Del Granado, MD, FASN
Universidad Mayor de San Simon School of Medicine–Hospital Obrero #2
Cochabamba, Bolivia
Anna Clementi, MD
Department of Nephrology and Dialysis
San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital Agrigento, Italy
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) Vicenza, Italy
Ivan N. Co, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine
Division of Emergency Critical Care and Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Fernanda Oliveira Coelho, MD, PhD
Sao Paulo State Cancer Institute University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
Ferruccio Conte, MD
Renal Division Department of Health Sciences San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Milan, Italy
Howard E. Corey, MD
The Children’s Kidney Center of New Jersey
Goryeb Children’s Hospital Morristown, New Jersey
Laura Cosmai, MD
Onco-Nephrology Outpatient Clinic
San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Milan, Italy
Elerson Carlos Costalonga, MD
Sao Paulo State Cancer Institute
University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
Andrea Costamagna, MD
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care
AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino University of Turin Turin, Italy
Maria Rosa Costanzo, MD, FACC, FAHA
Advocate Medical Group
Midwest Heart Specialists Oak Brook, Illinois
Mario Cozzolino, MD
Renal Division
Department of Health Sciences
San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Milan, Italy
Carl H. Cramer II, MD
Mayo Eugenio Litta Children’s Hospital Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
Paolo Cravedi, MD, PhD Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York
Carlo Crepaldi, MD
Department of Nephrology
San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy
Jacques Creteur, MD, PhD
Department of Intensive Care
Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
R. John Crew, MD
Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine
Division of Nephrology
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Verônica Torres da Costa e Silva, MD, PhD
Sao Paulo State Cancer Institute
University of Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Andrew Davenport, MD
Director, Dialysis Research Centre for Nephrology
Royal Free Hospital
University College London London, United Kingdom
Andrew R. Davies, MB, BS, FRACP
Deputy Director
Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Dayong Gao, PhD
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Washington Seattle, Washington
Francesco Garzotto, MD
Department of Nephrology
Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute of Vincenza San Bartolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy
Giuseppe Gatta, MD
Department of Nephrology and Dialysis
Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Research Hospital San Giovanni Rontondo, Italy
Kelly R. Genga, MD
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation
St. Paul’s Hospital
University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Simonetta Genovesi, MD
Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milan-Bicocca Nephrology Unit
San Gerardo Hospital Monza, Italy
Yuri S. Genyk, MD
Professor of Clinical Surgery
Surgical Director, Liver Transplant Program
Division of HepatoBiliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California Los Angeles, California
Christel Geradin, MD
Intensive Care Unit
Marc Jacquet Hospital Melun, France
Loreto Gesualdo, MD, FERA
Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation
University of Bari Bari, Italy
Davide Giavarina, MD
Director of Clinical Laboratory
San Bortolo Hospital Venice, Italy
Anna Giuliani, MD
Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation
San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy
Ilya G. Glezerman, MD
Associate Attending Physician
Renal Service
Department of Medicine
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Department of Medicine
Weill Cornell Medical College
New York, New York
Stuart L. Goldstein, MD
Clark D. West Endowed Chair Director, Center for Acute Care Nephrology
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio
Thomas A. Golper, MD, FACP, FASN
Professor of Medicine
Department of Nephrology
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee
Hernando Gómez, MD
The Center for Critical Care Nephrology
The CRISMA Center
Department of Critical Care Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Antonio Granata, MD
Department of Nephrology
St. Giovanni Di Dio Hospital
Agrigento, Italy
Giuseppe Grandaliano, MD
Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences
University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
Giacomo Grasselli, MD
Dipartimento di Anestesia
Rianimazione ed Emergenza Urgenza Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Italy
A.B. Johan Groeneveld, MD, PhD (deceased)
Department of Intensive Care
Erasmus Medical Center
Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Philippe Guerci, MD
Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
University Hospital of Nancy Nancy, France
Kyle J. Gunnerson, MD, FCCM
Associate Professor Departments of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine
Chief, Division of Emergency Critical Care
Medical Director, Massey Family Foundation Emergency Critical Center (EC3)
Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care (MCIRCC)
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Nikolas Harbord, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Nephrology
Icahn School of Medicine
New York, New York
Lyndsay A. Harshman, MD
University of Iowa Stead Family Department of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation
Iowa City, Iowa
Anthony J. Hennessy, MB BCh, MRCPI
Senior Registrar
Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
Cork University Hospital Cork, Ireland
Graham L. Hill, MD, FRCS, FRACS, FACS (deceased)
Emeritus Professor of Surgery Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences
University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Charles Hobson, MD, MHA Department of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Bernd Hohenstein, MD
Nephrological Center
Villingen-Schwenningen Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus
Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden, Germany
Patrick M. Honoré, MD
Intensive Care Unit Department Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel
Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
Edward Horwitz, MD
MetroHealth Medical Center
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio
Leila Hosseinian, MD Department of Anesthesiology Mount Sinai Hospital New York, New York
Eric A.J. Hoste, MD, PhD Department of Intensive Care Medicine
Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium and Research Foundation–Flanders Brussels, Belgium
Andrew A. House, MD, MS, FRCPC, FASN
Professor of Medicine
Chair/Chief Division of Nephrology Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry
London Health Sciences Centre
University Hospital London, Ontario, Canada
H. David Humes, MD
Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan School of Medicine
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Faeq Husain-Syed, MD Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Pulmonology, Nephrology, and Critical Care Medicine
University Clinic Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) Campus Giessen Giessen, Germany
Can Ince, PhD
Professor Department of Intensive Care Erasmus Medical Center Erasmus University of Rotterdam Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Professor Department of Translational Physiology
Academic Medical Center
University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Todd S. Ing, MD Department of Medicine
Stritch School of Medicine
Loyola University Chicago Maywood, Illinois
Rita Jacobs, MD
Intensive Care Unit Department Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel
Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
Dharmvir Jaswal, MD
National Institutes of Health Rockville, Maryland
Arun Jeyabalan, MD
Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Olivier Joannes-Boyau, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care II
University of Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
Michael Joannidis, MD Professor of Medicine
Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
Emily Joyce, MD
Center for Critical Care Nephrology Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Sandra L. Kane-Gill, PharmD, MSc
Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics
Department of Critical Care Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Lewis J. Kaplan, MD, FACS, FCCM Associate Professor of Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery
Section Chief, Surgical Critical Care
Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Kianoush Kashani, MD
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Department of Medicine
Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
Nevin Katz, MD
Division of Cardiac Surgery
Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland
John A. Kellum, MD, MCCM
Director, Center for Critical Care Nephrology
Professor and Vice Chair
Department of Critical Care Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Ramesh Khanna, MD
Karl D. Nolph, MD Chair in Nephrology
Professor of Medicine
Director
Division of Nephrology
University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
Nahmah Kim-Campbell, MD
Assistant Professor of Critical Care Medicine
Department of Critical Care Medicine
Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Joshua D. King, MD Division of Nephrology
University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia
Christopher J. Kirwan, MD
William Harvey Institute
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry
Queen Mary University of London
Adult Critical Care Unit and Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation
The Royal London Hospital
Barts Health NHS Trust London, United Kingdom
Joseph E. Kiss, MD Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
David Klein, MD, MBA
Staff Physician
Department of Critical Care
St. Michael’s Hospital
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Public Health
University of Toronto
Scientist
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute Toronto, Ontario, Canada
xvi Contributors
Devika Nair, MD
Chief Nephrology Fellow
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee
Federico Nalesso, MD, PhD Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) Vicenza, Italy
Mauro Neri, MD Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) San Bortolo Hospital Department of Management and Engineering University of Padova Vicenza, Italy
Trung C. Nguyen, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children’s Hospital Houston, Texas
Zhaohui Ni, MD Department of Nephrology
Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
Marina Noris, PhD
IRCCS–Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò Bergamo, Italy
Tessa Novick, MD Nephrology Fellow Division of Nephrology
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
John C. O’Horo, MD, MPH
Senior Associate Consultant Assistant Professor of Medicine Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota
Mark Douglas Okusa, MD Division of Nephrology and Center of Immunity and Regenerative Medicine
University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia
Steven M. Opal, MD
Professor of Medicine
Infectious Disease Division
Rhode Island Hospital
Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, Rhode Island
Helen Ingrid Opdam, FRACP, FCICM
The Austin Hospital Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Marlies Ostermann, PhD, MD, FRCP Consultant in Critical Care and Nephrology
King’s College London Department of Critical Care Medicine
Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Foundation Hospital
London, United Kingdom
Emerenziana Ottaviano, MD
Renal Division
Department of Health Sciences
San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Milan, Italy
Heleen M. Oudemans-van Straaten, MD, PhD
Department of Adult Intensive Care
VU University Medical Centre
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Christian Overgaard-Steensen, MD, PhD
Department of Intensive Care
Rigshospitalet
Copenhagen, Denmark
Massimo A. Padalino, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Cardiac Surgery
Unit of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiovascular Surgery
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences
University of Padova
Padova, Italy
Vincenzo Panichi, MD
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit
USL Toscana Nord Ovest
Versilia Hospital
Lido di Camaiore, Italy
Priyanka Parameswaran, BS
Research Associate
Nephrology and Hypertension
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
Samir S. Patel, MD
The Veterans Affairs Medical Center
George Washington University Medical Center
Washington, District of Columbia
Didier Payen, MD, PhD
Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisère Saint-Louis
Paris, France
Federico Pea, MD
Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital
ASUIUD
Department of Medicine
University of Udine
Udine, Italy
W. Frank Peacock, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
Sandrica Young Peart, MBBS, DM Paeds
Pediatric Nephrology Fellow
Montreal Children’s Hospital
McGill University Health Centre
Montréal, Québec, Canada
Sadudee Peerapornratana, MD
Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine
Faculty of Medicine
Chulalongkorn University
King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Bangkok, Thailand
Paolo Pelosi, MD
IRCCS AOU San Martino–IST Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics
University of Genoa
Genoa, Italy
Zhi-Yong Peng, MD, PhD Department of Critical Care Medicine
Zhongnan Hospital
Wuhan University School of Medicine
Wuhan, China
Norberto Perico, MD
IRCCS–Istituto di Ricerche
Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Clinical Research Center for Rare
Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò Bergamo, Italy
Licia Peruzzi, MD
Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit
Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital Turin, Italy
Francesco Pesce, MD, PhD
Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University of Bari Bari, Italy
Antonio Pesenti, MD
Dipartimento di Anestesia
Rianimazione ed Emergenza Urgenza
Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia
Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti
Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
Ilaria Petrucci, MD, PhD
Temporary Research Fellow Department of Nephrology
Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies Pisa, Italy
Phuong-Chi Pham, MD, FASN
Chief, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
Nephrology Fellowship Training Program Director
Olive View-UCLA Medical Center Clinical Professor of Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Sylmar, California
Phuong-Thu Pham, MD, FASN
Clinical Professor of Medicine Director of Outpatient Services Kidney Transplant Program Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California
Richard K.S. Phoon, FRACP Centre for Transplantation and Research University of Sydney Department of Renal Medicine Westmead, Australia
Salvatore Piano, MD Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology Department of Medicine University of Padova Padova, Italy
Michael R. Pinsky, MD Professor of Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Lise Piquilloud, MD
Département de Réanimation Médicale et de Médecine Hyperbare Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers Angers, France
Valentina Pistolesi, MD, PhD Hemodialysis Unit
Department of Nephrology and Urology
Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
Lindsay D. Plank, DPhil, MSc
Associate Professor Department of Surgery Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences
University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Frans B. Plötz, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics Tergooi Hospital Blaricum, the Netherlands
Manuel Alfredo Podestá, MD Resident in Nephrology University of Milan Milan, Italy
ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Italy
Camillo Porta, MD Medical Oncology
IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital Foundation Pavia, Italy
Marco Pozzato, MD AKI Team Leader
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit San Giovanni Bosco Hospital Torino, Italy
Michele Prencipe, MD Department of Nephrology and Dialysis
Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Research Hospital San Giovanni Rontondo, Italy
John R. Prowle, MD
William Harvey Institute
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry
Queen Mary University of London
Adult Critical Care Unit and Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation
The Royal London Hospital
Barts Health NHS Trust London, United Kingdom
Zudin A. Puthucheary, MD Critical Care Consultant
Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom
Lirong Qu, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Jean-Sebastien Rachoin, MD, FASN Department of Medicine
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Camden, New Jersey
Jai Radhakrishnan, MD Professor of Medicine
Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine
Columbia University Medical Center
Associate Division Chief for Clinical Affairs
Division of Nephrology
New York Presbyterian Hospital
New York, New York
V. Marco Ranieri, MD Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care
Ospedale Policlinico Umberto I Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
Ranistha Ratanarat, MD Fellow
Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy
Instructor
Department of Medicine
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital
Mahidol University
Bangkok, Thailand
xviii Contributors
Giuseppe Remuzzi, MD
IRCCS–Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò
Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis
Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Italy
Shelby Resnick, MD
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Oleksa G. Rewa, MD
Critical Care Medicine
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Zaccaria Ricci, MD
Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery
Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS Rome, Italy
Christophe Ridel, MD
Service de Nephrologie et d’Aphérèse
AURA Plaisance Paris, France
Kinan Rifai, MD
Department of Gastroenterology Städtisches Klinikum Wolfenbüttel Wolfenbüttel, Germany
Troels Ring, MD
Department of Nephrology Aalborg Hospital Aalborg, Denmark
Lilia M. Rizo-Topete, MD
Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy; Department of Nephrology
University Hospital–José Eleuterio González Monterrey, Mexico
Eric Roessler, MD
Assistant Professor
Nephrology Department
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Medical School
Chief, Acute Dialysis Unit
Clinical Hospital
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Santiago, Chile
Paola Romagnani, MD
Excellence Centre for Research Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE)
Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences University of Florence
Nephrology Unit
Meyer’s Children’s University Hospital Florence, Italy
Stefano Romagnoli, MD
Department of Cardiac and Vascular Anesthesia and Post-Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Careggi Hospital Florence, Italy
Claudio Ronco, MD
Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy
Federico Ronco, MD
Interventional Cardiology Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department
AULSS-3 Serenissima Venezia and Mestre, Italy
Mitchell H. Rosner, MD Division of Nephrology University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia
Emanuele Rossetti, MD Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Intensive Care (DEA-ARCO)
Bambino Gesú Children’s Hospital, IRCCS Rome, Italy
James A. Russell, MD
Principal Investigator Centre for Heart Lung Innovation Division of Critical Care Medicine
St. Paul’s Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Georges Saab, MD
MetroHealth Medical Center
Associate Professor of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio
Alice Sabatino, MD, MSc
Renal Intensive Care Unit
Parma University Hospital Parma, Italy
Sonali S. Saboo, DMRD, DNB Director
Nephron Kidney Care
Consultant Radiologist
United Ciigma Hospital Aurangabad, India
Sara Samoni, MD
Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences
Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies Pisa, Italy
Penny Lynn Sappington, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Critical Care Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Marco Sartori, PharmD, PhD Pharmacology Section
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) Vicenza, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science University of Padua Padua, Italy
Judy Savige, MD Department of Medicine
Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne, Australia
Francesco Paolo Schena, MD
Emeritus Professor of Nephrology University of Bari Bari, Italy
Antoine Guillaume Schneider, MD, PhD
Adult Intensive Care Unit
Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) Lausanne, Switzerland
Isaac Teitelbaum, MD Professor of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver, Colorado
Ciro Tetta, MD Unicyte AG Oberdorf, Switzerland
Charuhas V. Thakar, MD Professor of Medicine Director, Division of Nephrology, Kidney C.A.R.E. Program University of Cincinnati Chief, Section of Nephrology Cincinnati VA Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio
Marta Tonon, MD Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology Department of Medicine University of Padova Padova, Italy
Francesco Trepiccione, MD, PhD Department of Nephrology University of Campania–Luigi Vanvitelli Naples, Italy
Darrell Triulzi, MD Professor of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Chopra Tushar, MD Division of Nephrology and Center of Immunity and Regenerative Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia
Shigehiko Uchino, MD Associate Professor Department of Anesthesiology Staff Specialist Intensive Care Unit
Jikei University school of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
Ali Valika, MD, FACC Advocate Medical Group—Midwest Heart Specialists Oak Brook, Illinois
Wim Van Biesen, MD, PhD Renal Division
Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
Wim Vandenberghe, MD Department of Intensive Care Medicine
Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
Raymond Vanholder, MD, PhD
Renal Division
Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
Jill Vanmassenhove, MD, PhD
Renal Division
Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
Anton Verbine, MD Department of Nephrology Conemaugh Health System Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Marco Vergano, MD Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care
S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital Torino, Italy
Gianluca Villa, MD
Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV)
San Bortolo Hospital
Vicenza, Italy; Department of Health Science
Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
University of Florence Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi Florence, Italy
Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, MD Department of Critical Care Medicine
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Jean-Louis Vincent, MD, PhD Department of Intensive Care
Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
Christophe Vinsonneau, MD, MSc Intensive Care Unit
Marc Jacquet Hospital Melun, France
Grazia Maria Virzì, Bsc Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV)
San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy
Federico Visconti, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
San Bartolo Hospital
Vicenza, Italy
Ravindran Visvanathan MBBS, FRCP (Edin)
Consultant Nephrologist
Hospital Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Li Van Vong, MD
Intensive Care Unit
Marc Jacquet Hospital Melun, France
Hans-Dieter Walmrath, MD
Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Pulmonology, Nephrology, and Critical Care Medicine
University Clinic Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) Campus Giessen Giessen, Germany
Peter A. Ward, MD Department of Pathology University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Matthew A. Weir, MD Department of Medicine
Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Western University London, Ontario, Canada
Xiaoyan Wen, MD
Center for Critical Care Nephrology
The CRISMA Center University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Julia Wendon, MD
Liver Intensive Care Unit
Institute of Liver Studies
King College Hospital London, United Kingdom
James Frank Winchester, MD Professor of Medicine
Department of Nephrology
Icahn School of Medicine
New York, New York
Adrian Wong, PharmD, MPH
Fellow, Outcomes Research and Pharmacy Informatics
Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Elke L. Woodhouse, MBBS
Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research
University of Sydney Department of Renal Medicine Westmead Hospital Westmead, Australia
Jun Xue, MD
Department of Nephrology Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai, China
Anju Yadav, MD
Assistant Professor, Nephrology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Preethi Yerram, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
University of Missouri–Columbia Columbia, Missouri
Lenar Yessayan, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Jane Y. Yeun, MD
Staff Nephrologist
Sacramento Veterans Administration Medical Center
Mather, California
Health Sciences Professor of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology
University of California, Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, California
Alex W. Yu, MD
Honorary Clinical Professor Department of Medicine and Therapeutics
Chinese University of Hong Kong Chief-of-Service and Consultant Physician
Department of Medicine
Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital Hong Kong, China
Marta Zaccaria, MD
Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) San Bortolo Hospital Vicenza, Italy
Miriam Zacchia, MD, PhD Department of Nephrology University of Campania–Luigi Vanvitelli Naples, Italy
Teena P. Zachariah, MD
Division of Nephrology
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Nereo Zamperetti, MD
Pain Therapy Unit Vicenza, Italy
Fernando G. Zampieri, MD Research Institute, HCor–Hospital do Coração Intensive Care Unit
Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz São Paulo, Brazil
Pierluigi Zanco, MD Director
Department of Nuclear Medicine Ospedale San Bortolo–ULSS 8 Berica Vicenza, Italy
Alberto Zanella, MD
Dipartimento di Anestesia Rianimazione ed Emergenza Urgenza Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia
Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
Luca Zanoli, MD, PhD Department of Internal Medicine University of Catania Catania, Italy
Michael Zappitelli, MD
Pediatric Nephrologist
Associate Professor
Montreal Children’s Hospital
McGill University Health Centre
Montréal, Québec, Canada
Jose J. Zaragoza, MD
Intensive Care Unit
Hospital Español
Mexico City, Mexico
Alexander Zarbock
Departments of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine
University Hospital Münster Münster, Germany
Marta Zaroccolo, MD
Nuclear Medicine Physician
Department of Nuclear Medicine
Ospedale San Bortolo Vicenza, Italy
Han Zhang, MD
Attending Physician
Department of Nephrology
Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai, China
Andrea Zimmer, MD Assistant Professor Division of Infectious Diseases
University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska
