Artificial intelligence to solve pervasive internet of things issues gurjit kaur - Experience the fu by Education Libraries

https://ebookmass.com/product/artificial-intelligence-tosolve-pervasive-internet-of-things-issues-gurjit-kaur/

Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) ready for you

Download now and discover formats that fit your needs...

The Internet of Things John Davies

https://ebookmass.com/product/the-internet-of-things-john-davies/ ebookmass.com

Internet Of Things 1st Edition Raj Kamal

https://ebookmass.com/product/internet-of-things-1st-edition-rajkamal/

ebookmass.com

Internet of Things. Systems Design. Lab Book Charith Perera

https://ebookmass.com/product/internet-of-things-systems-design-labbook-charith-perera/ ebookmass.com

Canadian Organizational Behaviour. McShane, Tasa, Steen, McGraw-Hill, 11th Edition Steven Lattimore Mcshane

https://ebookmass.com/product/canadian-organizational-behaviourmcshane-tasa-steen-mcgraw-hill-11th-edition-steven-lattimore-mcshane/ ebookmass.com

Dion: BWWM, Surrogate, Billionaire Romance (Members From Money Season 2 Book 118) Katie Dowe & Bwwm Club

https://ebookmass.com/product/dion-bwwm-surrogate-billionaire-romancemembers-from-money-season-2-book-118-katie-dowe-bwwm-club/

ebookmass.com

Predictive Modeling in Biomedical Data Mining and Analysis

Sudipta

Roy

https://ebookmass.com/product/predictive-modeling-in-biomedical-datamining-and-analysis-sudipta-roy/

ebookmass.com

Motivation Science: Controversies and Insights Mimi Bong

https://ebookmass.com/product/motivation-science-controversies-andinsights-mimi-bong/

ebookmass.com

Moral Progress Philip Kitcher

https://ebookmass.com/product/moral-progress-philip-kitcher/

ebookmass.com

Interactive: Leadership for Organizations Interactive eBook

https://ebookmass.com/product/interactive-leadership-fororganizations-interactive-ebook/

ebookmass.com

Luxury Yachting: Perspectives on Tourism, Practice and Context Tatiana Gladkikh

https://ebookmass.com/product/luxury-yachting-perspectives-on-tourismpractice-and-context-tatiana-gladkikh/

ebookmass.com

ArtificialIntelligenceto SolvePervasiveInternetof ThingsIssues

Editedby GurjitKaur

DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering, DelhiTechnologicalUniversity,Delhi,India

PradeepTomar

DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,UniversitySchoolofInformation andCommunicationTechnology,GautamBuddhaUniversity,GreaterNoida,India

DepartmentofComputerNetworksandCybersecurityPrograms, Washington,DC,UnitedStates

MarcusTanque

AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom

Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermission inwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’ s permissionspoliciesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandthe CopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite: www.elsevier.com/permissions

ThisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythePublisher(otherthan asmaybenotedherein).

Notices

Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroadenour understanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary.

Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusingany information,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodsthey shouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessional responsibility.

Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeanyliability foranyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,or fromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein.

BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData

AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary

LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData

AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress

ISBN:978-0-12-818576-6

ForInformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteat https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals

Publisher: MaraConner

AcquisitionsEditor: ChrisKatsaropoulos

EditorialProjectManager: AmyMoone

ProductionProjectManager: SwapnaSrinivasan

CoverDesigner: ChristianJ.Bilbow

TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India

1.2

1.3

1.4

2.24

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5 IntersectionofKnowledgeRepresentation,CausalCalculus, andInternetofThings............................................................................................126

7.6 First-OrderLogicandPredicateCalculusforKR,CC,andIoT..........................127

7.7

7.8

7.9

7.11

7.12

7.13

7.14

CHAPTER16RoleofArtificialIntelligenceandtheInternetofThingsin

GarimaSingh,AnamikaSinghandGurjitKaur

16.1

16.4

16.5

16.6

17.1

CHAPTER19ImpactofArtificialIntelligencetoSolvePervasiveIssues

AkankshaSrivastava,ManiShekharGuptaandGurjitKaur

19.1

19.4

19.5

20.1

HarshitBhardwaj,PradeepTomar,AditiSakalleandUttamSharma

Listofcontributors

LakshitaAggarwal

JaganInstituteofManagementStudies,Rohini,NewDelhi,India

NavinAhlawat

SRMUniversity,NCRCampus,Modinagar,India

HarshitBhardwaj

DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,UniversitySchoolofInformationand CommunicationTechnology,GautamBuddhaUniversity,GreaterNoida,India

SupreetBhatnagar

ElectronicsandCommunicationEngineeringDepartment,ChandigarhUniversity,Mohali,India

PhillipG.Bradford

UniversityofConnecticutStamford,StamfordCT,UnitedStates

DushyantSinghChauhan

DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,DelhiTechnologicalUniversity, Delhi,India

TonyClark

SchoolofEngineeringandAppliedScience,UniversityofAston,Birmingham,UnitedKingdom

PranjitDeka

DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,DelhiTechnologicalUniversity, Delhi,India

PedroFaria

PolytechnicofPorto,Porto,Portugal

Luı´sGomes

PolytechnicofPorto,Porto,Portugal

ManiShekharGupta

DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,NationalInstituteofTechnology, Hamirpur,India;DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,Delhi TechnologicalUniversity,Delhi,India

RamgopalKashyap

AmitySchoolofEngineeringandTechnology,AmityUniversityChhattisgarh,Raipur,India

GurjitKaur

DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,DelhiTechnologicalUniversity, Delhi,India

HarpreetKaur

ComputerScienceandEngineeringDepartment,ChandigarhUniversity,Mohali,India

LatikaKharb

JaganInstituteofManagementStudies,Rohini,NewDelhi,India

VinayKulkarni

SoftwareSystems&ServicesResearch,TCSResearch,Pune,India

MicheleMyauo

Microsoft,Reston,VA,UnitedStates

GeorgeS.Oreku

TanzaniaIndustrialResearchandDevelopmentOrganizational,OpenUniversityofTanzania, Tanzania

CarlosRamos

PolytechnicofPorto,Porto,Portugal

MamataRath

SchoolofManagement(IT),BirlaGlobalUniversity,Bhubaneswar,India

HimadriN.Saha

DepartmentofComputerScience,SurendranathEveningCollege,CalcuttaUniversity,Kolkata, India

AditiSakalle

DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,UniversitySchoolofInformationand CommunicationTechnology,GautamBuddhaUniversity,GreaterNoida,India

JyotirmayaSatpathy

AcademicsDepartmentNationalDefenceAcademy,Pune,India

RajeevKr.Sharma

SRMUniversity,NCRCampus,Modinagar,India

RupakSharma

SRMUniversity,NCRCampus,Modinagar,India

UttamSharma

DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,UniversitySchoolofInformationand CommunicationTechnology,GautamBuddhaUniversity,GreaterNoida,India

AdityaPratapSingh

AjayKumarGargEngineeringCollege,Ghaziabad,India

AnamikaSingh

GautamBuddhaUniversity,GreaterNoida,India

GarimaSingh

DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,DelhiTechnologicalUniversity, Delhi,India

PrateekSingh

JaganInstituteofManagementStudies,Rohini,NewDelhi,India

PriyaSingh

IndiraGandhiDelhiTechnicalUniversityforWomen,Delhi,India

RashbirSingh

RMIT-RoyalMelbourneInstituteofTechnology,Melbourne,Australia

SimarPreetSingh

DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,ChandigarhEngineeringCollege(CEC), Landran,Mohali,India

TaranaSingh

SchoolofInformationandCommunicationTechnology,GautamBuddhaUniversity,Greater Noida,India

ArunSolanki SchoolofInformationandCommunicationTechnology,GautamBuddhaUniversity,Greater Noida,India

AkankshaSrivastava DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,DelhiTechnologicalUniversity, Delhi,India

MarcusTanque IndependentResearcher,UnitedStates

AkashTayal IndiraGandhiDelhiTechnologicalUniversityforWomen,Delhi,India

PradeepTomar DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,UniversitySchoolofInformationand CommunicationTechnology,GautamBuddhaUniversity,GreaterNoida,India

ZitaVale PolytechnicofPorto,Porto,Portugal

Abouttheeditors

Dr.GurjitKaur

AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunication Engineering,DelhiTechnologicalUniversity,ShahbadDaulatpur,Delhi, India

E-mail:gurjeet_kaur@rediffmail.com

Dr.GurjitKaur isanAssociateProfessorintheDepartmentof ElectronicsandCommunicationEngineeringattheDelhiTechnological University(DTU),Delhi,India.Shehasbeenatopperthroughoutheracademiceducation.Asatestimonialtothesame,shehasbeenawardedby theChiefMinisterS.PrakashSinghBadalforbeingthetopperinPunjab. Afterthat,shewasawardeda“GoldMedal”bytheformerPresidentofIndiaDr.A.P.J.Abdul KalamforbeingtheoveralltopperofthePunjabTechnicalUniversity,JalandharinB.Techprogram.ShealsoreceivedanhonorbyGuruHarkrishanEducationSocietyforbeingatopperamong allthecollegesandallthedisciplinesofPTU,Jalandhar.ShethenproceededtoPECUniversityof Technology,ChandigarhtocompleteherM.Techin2003andalsoearnedherPhDdegreefrom PanjabUniversity,Chandigarhin2010withdistinction.

Shehasspentover17yearsofheracademiccareertowardresearchandteachinginthefieldof ElectronicsandCommunicationinwell-reputedinstitutessuchasPECUniversityofTechnology, PunjabUniversity,JaypeeInstituteofInformationandTechnology,GautamBuddhaUniversity, andDelhiTechnologicalUniversity,Delhi.Duringthisacademictenure,shehasguided4PhDstudentsandmorethan50M.Techstudents.HerresearchinterestsmainlyincludeopticalCDMA, wirelesscommunicationsystem,high-speedinterconnect,andIoT.Shehasalsoauthoredfour booksattheinternationalandnationallevel.Herthreebooks,thatis,“GreenandSmart TechnologiesforSmartCities,”“HandbookofResearchonBigDataandtheIoT,”and “ExaminingCloudComputingTechnologiesThroughtheInternetofThings,”werepublishedby CRC&IGI-Global,InternationalPublisherofProgressiveInformationScienceandTechnology Researchin2019,2018,and2017,respectively.Shealsoauthoredanationallevelbookentitled “OpticalCommunication,”whichwaspublishedbyGalgotiaPublications.ApartfromthatShecontributedvariousbookchaptersinwell-renownedpublishersbooks,thatis,IGI,Springer,CRC,etc. Shehaspresentedherresearchworkasshortcourses/tutorialsinmanynationalandinternational conferences.

Inrecognitionofheroutstandingcontributionasanactiveresearcher,shereceived“Research ExcellenceAward”byDelhiTechnologicalUniversityinMarch2020.ShealsoreceivedBharat VikasAwardbyInstituteofSelfRelianceinNationalSeminaronDiversityofCulturalandSocial EnvironmentatBhubaneswar,Odisha,IndiaandProf.IndiraParikh50WomeninEducation LeaderAwardinWorldEducationCongress,Mumbai,Indiain2017.Hercareeraccomplishments overthepast16yearsincludeover90peer-reviewedpublications,including60journalpublications,35conferencepublications,andover10invitedtalks/seminars.Duetoherpioneerresearch, hernameisalsolistedinWho’sWhoinScienceandEngineeringDirectory,UnitedStatesandher

biographywasalsopublishedbyInternationalBiographicCenter,GreatBritainas2000 OutstandingScientists.

Shealsoworkedasaconvenerfortwointernationalconferences,thatis,InternationalICIAICT 2012thatwasorganizedbyCSI,NoidaChapterandInternationalconferenceEPPICTM2012 whichwasheldincollaborationwithMTMI,UnitedStates,UniversityofMarylandEasternShore, UnitedStates,andFrostburgStateUniversity,UnitedStatesatSchoolofInformationand CommunicationTechnology,GautamBuddhaUniversity,GreaterNoida,India.Tilldate,shehas deliveredmanyexperttalksontheemergingtrendsinopticalforalldomainapplicationsatvarious universitiesandhasservedasareviewerofmultiplejournalssuchasIEEEtransactionsoncommunication,etc.

Dr.PradeepTomar

AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering, UniversitySchoolofInformationandCommunicationTechnology, GautamBuddhaUniversity,GreaterNoida,India E-mail:parry.tomar@gmail.com

Dr.PradeepTomar isworkingasanAssistantProfessorintheSchool ofInformationandCommunicationTechnology,GautamBuddha University,GreaterNoida,UP,Indiasince2009.HeearnedhisPhD fromMDU,Rohtak,Haryana,India.BeforejoiningGautamBuddha University,heworkedasaSoftwareEngineerinamultinationalcompanyinNoidaandasalecturerinM.D.University,Rohtak,HaryanaandKurukshetraUniversity, Kurukshetra,Haryana.Hehasexcellentteaching,research,andsoftwaredevelopmentexperience aswellasvastadministrativeexperienceatuniversitylevelonvariouspostssuchasHoD ComputerScienceandEngineering,ChairpersonAdmission,ViceChairperson,Admissions, ResearchCoordinator,ExaminationCoordinator,UniversityCoordinator,Admission,Time TableCoordinator,Proctor,andHostelWarden.HeisalsoamemberofComputerSocietyofIndia (CSI),IndianSocietyforTechnicalEducation(ISTE),IndianScienceCongressAssociation (ISCA),InternationalAssociationofComputerScienceandInformationTechnology(IACSIT),and InternationalAssociationofEngineers(IAENG).HequalifiedtheNationalEligibilityTest(NET) forLectureshipinComputerApplicationsin2003,MicrosoftCertifiedProfessional(MCP)in2008, SUNCertifiedJavaProgrammer(SCJP)fortheJavaplatform,standardedition5.0in2008,and qualifiedtheIBMCertifiedDatabaseAssociate DB29Fundamentalsin2010.

Dr.TomarwasawardedBharatJyotiAwardbyIndiaInternationalFriendshipSocietyinthe fieldofTechnologyin2012andBharatVikasAwardbyInstituteofSelfRelianceinNational SeminaronDiversityofCulturalandSocialEnvironmentatBhubaneswar,Odisha,in2017.Hehas beenawardedfortheBestComputerFacultyawardbyGovernmentofPondicherryandASDFsociety.HisbiographyispublishedinWho’sWhoReferenceAsia,VolumeII.Hehasbeenawarded distinguishedResearchAwardfromInstituteforGlobalBusinessResearchforhisworkin“A Web-BasedStockSelectionDecisionSupportSystemforInvestmentPortfolioManagementin 2018.”HedeliveredexperttalksatFDP,workshopsaswellasnationalandinternationalconferences.Hehasorganizedthreeconferences:onenationalconferencewithCOMMUNEgroupand twointernationalconferences,inwhichoneinternationalICIAICT2012wasorganizedbyCSI,

NoidaChapterandsecondinternationalconference2012EPPICTMwasorganizedincollaboration withMTMI,UnitedStates,UniversityofMarylandEasternShore,UnitedStates,andFrostburg StateUniversity,UnitedStatesatSchoolofInformationandCommunicationTechnology,Gautam BuddhaUniversity,GreaterNoida,India.

Apartfromteaching,heisrunningaprogrammingclubforICTstudentsandheisguidingvariousresearchscholarsintheareasofsoftwareengineering,reusabilityofcode,softcomputingtechnique,BigData,andIoT.HismajorcurrentresearchinterestisinComponent-BasedSoftware Engineering.Heisworkingascoinvestigatorinasponsoredresearchprojectinhighthroughput design,synthesis,andvalidationofTALENsfortargetedGenomeEngineering,fundedby DepartmentofBiotechnology,MinistryofScienceandTechnologyGovernmentofIndia.Two books“TeachingofMathematics”and“CommunicationandInformationTechnology”atnational levelsaswellasthreebooks“ExaminingCloudComputingTechnologiesThroughtheInternetof Things(IoT),”“HandbookofResearchonBigDataandtheIoT,”and“GreenandSmart TechnologiesforSmartCities”atinternationallevelareauthoredandeditedbyDr.Tomar.Hehas alsocontributedmorethan100papers/articlesinnational/internationaljournalsandconferences. HeservedasamemberoftheeditorialboardandreviewerforvariousJournalsandnational/internationalconferences.

Dr.MarcusTanque isahighlyregardedprincipaltechnologyadvisor,seniorcyberstrategist,and anindependentauthor.Marcus’expertiseblendsinterdisciplinaryareas—advanced,traditional,and emergingtechnologies.Heisalsoapublishedtechnologist,researcher,andscholarwithcommendedskillsinvariousdomains—ITgovernance,securityanalytics,policy,andstrategicbusiness practices.Hisprofessionalskillsencompassmultidisciplinaryresearchanddevelopmentareasspanningdigitaltechnology,suchasaugmentedanalytics,machinelearning,deeplearning,quantum computing,andbiometrics.Hisresearchinterestinvolvespolicymanagement,blockchain,identity andaccessmanagement,anddecentralizedInternetofThingsdevicesandsystems.Hehasconsultedtomanygovernment,public,andprivatecustomers.Hisconsultativeandtechnicalcontributionsbridge,multifacetedtraditional,mission-centricprograms,andemergingtechnologies.Such technologicalsolutionsinvolveartificialintelligence,robotics,advancedanalytics,cybersecurity, andtheInternetofThings.

Dr.Tanquehassupportedcomplexenterpriseprojectsamidscienceandtechnologymanagement.HisexperienceinbusinessandscientificdomainsencompassITengineering,programand projectmanagement,informationsecurityandassurance,andnaturallanguageprocessing.Hehas conductedseveralstudiesinmachine-to-machineandadvanceddatabasesystems,computing,informationsystems,andcognitivescience/informatics.Hisresearchworkmergescyberresilience,businessintelligence,cybersecurityoperations,riskmanagement,cryptographicsolutions,information management,andsecuritypolicy.Heisarecipientofseveralacademicawards,credentials,and professionallettersofcommendation.

Dr.TanqueisanactivememberoftheInstituteforDefenseandGovernmentAdvancement,the AssociationforComputingMachinery,theCollegiateNationalCenterforAcademicEducation, CommitteeonNationalSecuritySystems-Practice&Research,andtheInstituteofElectricaland ElectronicsEngineers.Hehasauthoredandeditedscientific/technicalbooksaswellasarticleson AI,ML,DL,datascience,cloud,dataanalytics,full-spectrumcyberoperations,Telecom,and relatedinterdisciplinaryareas.HereceivedaPhDinInformationTechnologywithadual

specializationinInformationAssuranceandSecurity,andanMSinInformationSystems Engineering.Inhissparetime,heservesasanindependentresearcher/author,editorialreview boardmember,andrefereeforseveralbooks,journalarticles,andpublishedchapters.Heenjoys coachingandmentoringothers.Heisanenthusiasticreaderandresearcherwhoinspiresmanyin academic,professional,andsocialcommunities.

AffiliationsandExpertise

IndependentResearcherandAssociateProfessor,DepartmentofComputerNetworksand CybersecurityPrograms,Washington,DC,UnitedStates

Preface

Dr.GurjitKaur,Dr.PradeepTomarandDr.MarcusTanque

Artificialintelligence(AI)leveragescomputersystemsdesignedtosupporttasksthatcallfor humaninteraction,intelligentdesign,andcomputationalagents.AIandInternetofThings(IoT) attracttheinterestofresearchersandpractitioners.Theseprofessionalshaveworkedonmachine learning(ML),knowledgerepresentationandreasoning(KRR),anddeeplearning(DL).SuchsolutionsaimtosolveissuesaffectingIoTdevicesandsystems.AIinvolvestheintegrationofdata fromIoTtotheabilityfordevicesandsystemstoperformautomatedtasksbeyondhumanintelligence.ThemethodintegratesAI’sdeepinsightsintodataprovisioning,managing,security,visualization,andmonitoringthroughaugmentedanalyticsprocesses.TheseAIcapabilitiessupportthe interactionofIoTdevicesandsystems.

ThisbookappliesAI,ML,KRR,DL,andIoTtechnologies.Itfocusesoneachofthesetechnologies’benefits,challenges,drawbacks,andtrends.Thebookcoversotheremergingtechnologies neededforintegratingAI-basedsolutionstosolvepervasiveIoTissues.ItpointstowardtheadoptionandintegrationprocessesneededforsustainingAIandIoTinfrastructureoperationsandmanagementfunctions.ThecontentcomprisesinnovativeAIandIoTconcepts,theories,procedures, andmethods.AIandIoTsolutionshavecontributedtotheacquisition,planning,execution,implementation,deployment,operation,andmonitoringofenterprisetechnologyassetsortechnological resources.Thetargetaudienceofthisbookinvolvesprofessionals,suchasresearchersandpractitionersworkinginthefieldsofAI,ML,andIoT.Theseexpertsfocusonbuildingknowledge-based agnosticsolutionsforapplications,devices,andsystems.

Thisbookcontains20contributedchaptersauthoredbyexpertsinthefieldofAI,IoT,ML,DL, andKRR.ThebookintroducesbasicAIandIoTcomponentsandapplications,thatis,standards, legalissues,privacy,security,andethicalconsiderations.Detailedusecasesaredescribed,covering avarietyoftechnologicaladvancements,implementations,andchallenges.Theauthorsexplore othertechnicaldomains,whichhavecontributedtoAI,ML,andIoTtechnologies.Thesedomains haveemergedovertimeduetodisruptivetechnicalandscientificinnovationsintheindustry.

Thebookisorganizedasfollows:

Chapter1:ImpactofArtificialIntelligenceonFutureGreenCommunication

ThechapterexploresAIimpactonfuturegreencommunication.Itdiscussestheincreasein mobilesubscriptionsforbasestations.Basestationsinvolvesystemsthatrequiremorepowerto operate.Minimizingthenumberofbasestationswhileenhancingtheirenergyefficiencyposessignificantopportunitiesforgreenenergy.AIplaysacrucialroleingreenareas,whichisenergyforecasting,energy-efficient,andenergyaccessibility.Thischapterprovidesabrieffoundationand historyofAItechnologyandgreencommunicationroadmap.IthighlightscriticalAI-basedapplications,practices,andfutureresearchdirections.

Chapter2:KnowledgeRepresentationandReasoninginAI-BasedSolutionsandIoT Applications

ThechapterfocusesonKRRinAI-basedandIoTapplications—itexplainsAI,KRR,andIoT disruptiveevolution.Researchersandpractitionersdevelopandintegrateanalyticalsolutionsto solvepervasiveissuesaffectingcomputationalapplications.Thesetechnologicaldevelopments compriserelevantcomputationalareas:devices,sensors,autonomousvehicles,robotics,virtual reality,andaugmentedintelligence.Theauthordiscussessimilartechnicalsolutionsthatresearchers needtosolveissuesaffectingAI,KRR,andIoTapplications.

Chapter3:ArtificialIntelligence,InternetofThings,andCommunicationNetworks

ThechapterexaminesAI,IoT,andcommunicationnetworks.AIhandlesconnectivity,selfoptimization,andself-configuration.Themethodassessesandpredictsthecurrentstateaswellas historicaldataneededtoautomatethenetwork.Communicationnetworksarebecomingmorecomplextomanage,duetothedisruptionofdata,whichaffectsdeviceandsystemsconnectivity.This processcompriseslowcost,power-efficiency,andhigh-performancenetworktechnologies. IncorporatingAIintothesenetworksrequiresautomatedsolutionstointroducesmartandintelligent decision-makingprocessesneededformanagingnetworkedcontrolsystems.

Chapter4:AIandIoTCapabilities:Standards,Procedures,Applications,andProtocols

ThechapteranalyzesAIandIoTcapabilities—standards,procedures,applications,andprotocols.TheauthorspresentAI-basedapplications,methods,standards,andprotocolsforinteracting withIoT-basedobjects.AdvancedAItechnologiesinteractwithIoTdevicesandsystems—technicalcrossingpoint,mimicshumanintelligenceinteraction,collects,andprocessesdatainreal-time.

Chapter5:InternetofIntelligentThings:InjectionofIntelligenceintoIoTDevices

ThechapterdiscussestheIoTseven-layermodel—physicalorsensor,processingandcontrol action,hardwareinterface,radiofrequency,section/message,userexperience,application.Thisprotocolstackdiscussion,hence,illustrateseachlayer’sfunctionandoverarchingoperationsposture. Similarly,theauthorsunderscoretherelationshipbetweenAIandIoTandotherautomatedAI/IoT solutions.

Chapter6:ArtificialIntelligenceandMachineLearningApplicationsinCloudComputingand InternetofThings

ThechapterexaminesAI,ML,IoT,andcloudcomputingsolutionsthatdominatetheglobal businessandtechnologylandscape.Thesetechnicalinnovationscontributetothedecentralization ofIoTdevicesandsystems.TheauthorsillustrateadetailedAIanalyticalreviewandchallenges andMLsolutionsappliedtoIoTdevicesandsystems.Thesesolutionsareessentialtothetechnical andscientificadvancementofIoTdevicesandsystemsandAI/MLsolutions.

Chapter7:KnowledgeRepresentationforCausalCalculionInternetofThings

ThechapterintroducesPearl’smodel,Shafer’smodel,andtheHalpern Pearl’smodel.This chapterintroducesknowledgerepresentationforcausalcalculusinIoT.IoTdevicesandsystems harnesscausalinference.Causalcalculiarethemathematicalfoundationsforexpressingandcomputingcausation.Incontrast,causationillustrateshowoneeventmaycauseanother—causalsystemsfoundedinlogicandprobabilitytheories.Pearl’smethodusesBayesiannetworksonacyclic directedgraphs.Shafer’smethodworksonthedynamicsofprobabilitytrees.TheHalpern Pearl modelbuildsonPearl’smodelproducingtwocausalviews.Oneoftheseviewsattributescauses frompastevents.Theotheronesfocusoncausalreasoninggivingpredictions.

Chapter8:ExaminingtheInternetofThings BasedElegantCultivationTechniqueinDigital Bharat

ThechapterdiscussesIoT,elegantcultivationtechniquesindigitalBharat.Theseinnovative technologiesdofarmdevelopmentandmanagement.Thesetechnologicalfarmingsolutionsfocus onenhancingeffectiveness,competence,andleveragesinternationalmarkets—forinstance,solutionshavediminishedhumanintercession.Theauthors’researchapproachfocusesonthedevice, systemfunction,andapplications.

Chapter9:MachineLearningandInternetofThingsforSmartProcessing

ThechapterdiscussestherelationshipbetweenMLandIoT.Itdefinesprocessesandimpacts thesetechnologiespresenttoacademic,business,technical,andscientificcommunities.MLand IoTsolutionscomprisethreedistinctareas.Thesearerecurrencegroups,spatialchannels,classifiersarrangement,andexecutionrequiredtodeterminethebestsettings.

Chapter10:IntelligentSmartHomeEnergyEfficiencyModelUsingArtificialIntelligenceand InternetofThings

Thechapteranalyzesthedesignandimplementationofasmarthomesystemmodeltosafeguardalltheelectricalequipmentandmonitoringtheperformanceofeachsysteminstalledinsmart homes.ThesesystemsuseAIandIoTsolutionsthatoptimizeenergyusageforanintelligentsmart homeenergyefficiencymodelapplyingAIandIoT.

Chapter11:AdaptiveComplexSystems:DigitalTwins

Thechapterreviewsthefeaturesofcomplexsystems.Itproposessolutionstosupportdigital twinsandadaptablesystemsneededforinteractingwithMLsolutions.Thismethodispresentedin thechapterthroughsimpletutorialagents’examplesusingMLtechnology.Theprocessfocuseson authorswhousetechnologytobuilddigitaltwinsforsupplychainnetworks.

Chapter12:ArtificialIntelligencePoweredHealthcareInternetofThingsDevicesandTheir Role

ThechapterexaminesAI-basedtechnologies,forinstance,thevulnerability,threats,risks,and challengesontheInternetofMedicalofThings(IoMT)devicesandsystems.IoMTisahealthcare domainthatcomplementsAI-solutions,IoTdevices,andsystems.

Chapter13:IoIT:IntegratingArtificialIntelligenceWithIoTtoSolvePervasiveIoTIssues

ThechapterexaminestheInternetofIntelligenceofThings,AI-basedsolutions’integration, IoTdevices,andsystems.ItdiscussestheML-RandomForestRegressionmodelthatevaluates applicabilityandpreventabilitywithvariancescore.ThisprocessfocusesonAIandIoTareas.

Chapter14:IntelligentEnergy-OrientedHome

Thechapterdiscussestwoareas—intelligentenergysystemsandsmarthomes.Thefoundations ofthesefieldsarepresentedconcisely.Thisprocessentailsprojectsonintelligentenergysystems forhomes,buildings,andassociatedbusinessventures.

Chapter15:CorporateCybersecurityStrategytoEnableArtificialIntelligenceandInternetof Things

Thechapteraddressescyber-adversarialsystem,internalandexternalthreats,theanatomyofa cyber-attack,andfinanciallymotivatedcyber-attackers.Itfurtheranalyzesideologicallyandpoliticallymotivatedcyber-attackers.Itcoversmanyaspectsofcybersecurity,thatis,cyber-relatedlaws, cybersecurityInertia,cybersecurityITportfoliomanagement,andsmartercybersecurityleveraging artificialintelligence.

Chapter16:RoleofArtificialIntelligenceandtheInternetofThingsinAgriculture

ThechapterdiscusseshowAIandIoTsolutionshelpthesoftwareandsystemsengineers developinnovativecapabilitiesfortheagricultureindustry.Thesetechnologiesmaybebuiltwith lowcostandfewresources.

Chapter17:IntegratingArtificialIntelligence/InternetofThingsTechnologiesToSupport MedicalDevicesandSystems

ThechapterarguesIoT/AIintegration,concepts,procedures,andrequirementsrelatingtomedicaldevicesandsystems.ItunderlinesvarioussecuritycharacteristicsamidtheAI/IoTintegration. Thisprocessincludesseveralchangesintheecosystemandanalysesonthenextgenerationofmedicaldevicesandsystems.

Chapter18:MachineLearningforOpticalCommunicationtoSolvePervasiveIssuesofInternet ofThings

ThechapteranalyzesML-basedsolutionsforopticalcommunicationandtechnicalissuesaffectingphysicalandnetworklayers.ThisprocessinvolvesselectedMLapplicationsalongwithoptical communicationsystemsassociatedwithphysicalandnetworklayers.

Chapter19:ImpactofArtificialIntelligencetoSolvePervasiveissuesofSensorNetworksof InternetofThings

ThechapterexaminesAI’simpactonsolvingpervasiveIoT-basedintelligentsensorsandsystemsissues.ItpresentsabriefintroductionofIoTdevicesandsystems,history,characteristics,and networkformationtopologies.IoTsensornetworksandAI-basedsolutionsandfeaturesarefurther discussedinthechapter.

Chapter20:PrinciplesandFoundationsofArtificialIntelligenceandtheInternetofThings Technology

ThechapterexploresAIandIoTtechnologicalfoundationsandprinciples.Itilluminateshow AIhelpscomputerstolearnfromvariousexperiencesbyadaptingtonewenvironments.This methodincludesdevicesandsystemsthatperformtasksbeyondhumancapacity.Comparably,the chapteranalyzeshowIoT-basedtechnologieshelpobjectsobserve,identify,simulate,andunderstandasituationand/orenvironmentwithlimitedhumanassistance.

Thecollectedauthorsinthisbookexploretheconcepts,techniques,procedures,andimplementationsofthesecombinedand/orintegratedtechnologies.

IMPACTOFARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEONFUTUREGREEN COMMUNICATION

AkankshaSrivastava1,ManiShekharGupta1,2 andGurjitKaur1

1DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,DelhiTechnologicalUniversity,Delhi,India

2DepartmentofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering,NationalInstituteofTechnology,Hamirpur,India

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Futurewirelesscommunicationnetworks(5G)willbehighlycomplexandcompositenetworksdueto theintegrationofthedifferentwirelessandwirednetworks.Thisintegrationisknownasheterogeneous networks(HetNets)whereeachnetworkishavingitsdifferentprotocolsandproperties [1].ThiscombinedHetNetishavingvariouscriticalchallengesfornetworkscheduling,operation,troubleshooting, andmanaging.Intheongoingscenariothetechnology paradigmshiftsfromuser-centrictodeviceorientedcommunication,whichisresponsibleforconvertingthesimplewirelessnetworksintoacomplexform.Nowadaystojustifyandresolvetheoperationalcomplexityoffuturewirelesscommunication networks,severalnovelapproacheslikecognitiveradio,fogcomputing,InternetofThings(IoT),andso onhavebecomeveryimportant.Theartificialintelligence(AI)isoneofthemostpromisingapproaches tomaketheadoptionofthenewprinciples,whichincludelearning,cognitive,anddecision-makingprocesses,fordesigningastronglyintegratednetwork.IntegrationofAIwithdataanalytics,machinelearning,andnaturallanguageprocessingapproachisusedtoimprovetheefficiencyofthefuturewireless networkgenerations.ThereareremarkablegrowthandprogressinAItechnology,whichfacilitatesto overcometheproblemofhumanresourcedeficienciesinmanyfields.Amongthecountries,thecompetitionofbecomingagloballeaderinthefieldofAIhasofficiallystarted.Mostofthecountrieslike IndiaFrance,China,Japan,Denmark,Canada,Finland,Italy,Mexico,theUnitedKingdom,Singapore, SouthKorea,NorthKorea,Taiwan,andtheUAE,havealreadyrepresentedtheirstrategiestoendorse thedevelopmentandusageofAIpolicies [2].Thesecountriesarepromotingthevarioustacticsofthe AItechniquesliketechnicalresearch,AI-basedproducts,talent,andskillsdevelopment,adoptionofAI inprivateandpublicsector,standardsand regulations,anddigitalinfrastructure. Table1.1 isrepresenting thetop10countriesrankingsinAIindexintheyearof2018 19.

1.2 THEHISTORYOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE

AIisoneofthelatesttopicsforresearchinadvancewirelesscommunicationsystem.Averyinterestingfactrelatedtothistechnologyisthatthisismucholdertechnologythanyouwouldimagine.

Table1.1Top10CountriesRankingsinArtificialIntelligenceIndexWithscore intheYearof2018 19 [3].

CountryRankingScore

Singapore19.186

UnitedKingdom29.069

Germany38.810

UnitedStatesofAmerica48.804

Finland58.772

Sweden68.674

Canada68.674

France88.608

Denmark98.601

Japan108.582

FIGURE1.1 HistoryofAI. AI,Artificialintelligence.

TheconceptofintelligentrobotswaspresentedbyGreekmythsofHephaestus“mechanicalmen” andTalos“bronzeman” [4].SomeimportantmilestonesofthejourneyofAIfromaninitialstate totilldatearerepresentedpictoriallyasin Fig.1.1

1.2.1 THEFOUNDATIONOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE

•Artificialneurons:TheartificialneuronswerethefirstmodelofAI,whichwasproposedby WalterpitsandWarrenMcCullochin1943.

•Hebbianlearning:AmodifiedruleofconstructionofneuronsispresentedbyDonaldHebbin 1949.ThisruleisknownasHebbianlearning.

•Turingtest:Thistestcanevaluatetheintelligentbehaviorofamachineandalsocompareit withhumanintelligence.AnEnglishmathematicianAlanTuringauthorof“Computing MachineryandIntelligence”hasproposedthistestin1950.

•Logictheorist:“ThefirstAI-basedprogram”thatwasorganizesbytheHerbertA.Simonand AllenNewellin1955.

•Dartmouthconference:TheAItechnologywasthefirsttimeadoptedbytheAmericanscientist JohnMcCarthyintheacademicfieldatthisConferencein1956.

1.2.2 PROGRESSIONOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE

Aftertheyear1956,theresearchershaveinventedhigh-levelcomputerlanguageslikeCOBOL, PASCAL,LISP,andFORTRAN.TheselanguageinventionsincreasedthescopeofAIinsociety [5]

•ELIZA:ThefirstAI-basedalgorithmdevelopedbyJosephWeizenbaumisknownasELIZAin 1966.Thisalgorithmisusedtosolvetheproblemsofmathematics.

•WABOT-1:JapanhasconstructedthefirsthumanoidintelligentrobotknownasWABOT-1in 1972.

•FirstAIWinter:Thisisthetimeduration(from1975to1979)whentheinterestofAIwas reducedduetothescarcityoffunding,fortheresearchofAI.

1.2.3 EXPANSIONOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE

•Anexpertsystem:AfterthefirstAIwinterperiod,AIcamebackagainintothelightasan “expertsystem”in1980.Thissystemhasabilitytotakedecisionlikehumanexpert.Inthisyear thefirstnationalconferenceonAIwasorganizedatStanfordUniversity.

•SecondAIwinter:Thetimedurationfromyear1987to1993wasthetimedurationofsecond AIwinter.

•AIinhomeandbusiness:Attheyear2001firsttime,AI-basedapplication,avacuumcleaner usedinthehome.AfterthatAIenteredintobusinessworldcompaniessuchasGmail, Facebook,Instagram,Twitter,andsoon.

1.2.4 MODERNARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE

NowAIisthemostsignificanttechnology,whichisusedinalmostallareas.Theconceptof machinelearning,deeplearning,cloudcomputing,andbigdataarejustlikeaboomforthepresent scenario.Manywell-knownleadercorporatecompanieslikeIBM,Google,Flipkart,andAmazon arefocusingonAIformakingtheirremarkabledevicestoprovidetheiruserswithabetterquality ofexperience(QoE).ThefutureAItechnologywillbebasedonahighlevelofintelligenceand amazingcapacityandspeed [6].

•Machinelearning:Machinelearningconceptisoneofthetypesofdataminingtechniques. Machinelearningisanapproachofanalyzingdata,absorbfromthatdata,andthenmakea decision.Now,mostofthebigcompaniesusemachinelearningfortheirworkingoperations likeYouTubeusesmachinelearningtoofferbettersuggestionstotheirsubscribersofthe movie,shows,andvideosthattheywouldliketowatch.

•Deeplearning:Deeplearningisasubclassofmachinelearning.Itisfunctioninglikemachine learningbutithassomedistinctcapabilities.Thekeydifferencebetweenmachinelearningand deeplearningis,machinelearningmodelrequiressomeguidancetotakeaccuratedecision whilethedeeplearningmodeldoesitbyitself.Thegoodexampleofdeeplearningisautomatic cardrivingsystem.

1.3 AROADMAPOFUSINGARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEFORGREEN COMMUNICATION

ThiswillbeagreatsteptointroduceAItechnologiesinthefieldofwirelesscommunicationsystems.IncorporationofAItechnologiesinthefieldofsignalprocessingandpatternrecognitionshas representedtheamazingresults [7].Presently,thekeyconcernoftheAItechnologiesinwireless communicationsystemsistofindouttheaccuratewirelessnodeposition,properresourcesallocationandoptimization,andsecuredatatransmissionwithoutdelay.However,newresearchisto thinkabouthowtoincorporateAIschemesintowirelesscommunication.Comparedtotheconventionalwirelesscommunicationsystems,thenewAI-basedwirelesscommunicationsystemsshould havefoureminentaptitudes.Theseaptitudesareanalyzingaptitude,thinkingaptitude,learning aptitude,andproactiveaptitude.ThenewframeworkofAIwirelesscommunicationsystemswith theseaptitudesisillustratedin Fig.1.2.

1.3.1 ARCHITECTUREOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE-BASEDGREEN COMMUNICATION

Thefuturewirelesscommunicationnetworksshouldhaveinherentcapabilitieslikelow-latency, ultrareliablecommunicationandintelligentlymanagetheresources,energyefficient,andcombinationofIoTdevicesinareal-timedynamicenvironment [8].Suchcommunicationnecessitiesand coremobileedgerequirementscanonlybeaccomplishedbyintegratingthefundamentalsandprinciplesofAIandmachineacrossthewirelessinfrastructure. Fig.1.3 representsthewirelessnetwork architecturewithAIprinciplesforadifferentenvironment.Thediagramshowstheintegrationof variouslatestcommunicationtechnologiesusedforgreeningcommunicationindifferentscenarios (urban,suburban,andruralareas).

1.3.2 OPTIMIZATIONOFNETWORKUSINGARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE

Effectivedatagatheringandinformationacquisitionarethemostessentialrequirementsforoptimizingthefuturewirelesscommunicationsystem.Toextracttherelevantinformationfromthecollecteddatainaneffectivemannerisundertheprocessingofdata.Inthethirdstep,researches