Agri-Waste and Microbes for Production of Sustainable Nanomaterials
Edited by
Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
Research Professor, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Dr. Rajiv Periakaruppan
Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
S. Rajeshkumar
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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PART I Agri-waste for production of nanomaterials
Elias E. Elemike, Anthony C. Ekennia, Damian C. Onwudiwe, and Rachael O. Ezeani
3.5
3.11 Chocolate, grass, plastics, cockroaches, cookies and dog feces ............................................................................
3.12 Rice bran, sugarcane bagasse, orange peel ........................ 224
3.13 Jujube seeds .......................................................................
3.14 Wood of the black mulberry tree, leaf of plane trees, sugarcane bagasse, fruit rind of oranges, newspapers, chicken bone and cow dung ...............................................
3.15 Tea waste............................................................................
3.16 Seaweed
3.17 Palm oil
CHAPTER 10 Fruit peel waste-to-wealth: Bionanomaterials production and their applications in agroecosystems..............................................................
Manal M. Ahmed, Marwa T. Badawy, Farah K. Ahmed, Anu Kalia, and Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam 1 Introduction.................................................................................
3.1
3.2
3.3 Carbon
3.4
3.5 Silica nanoparticles ..............................................................
3.6 Titanium dioxide nanoparticles ...........................................
3.7 Zinc nanoparticles ................................................................
CHAPTER 11 Eggshell and fish/shrimp wastes for synthesis of
Monika Yadav, Nidhi Pareek, and Vivekanand Vivekanand
1 Introduction.................................................................................
2 Chemical composition of eggshells and fish/shrimp waste
2.1 Eggshells ..............................................................................
2.2 Fish scales
2.3 Shrimp shells .......................................................................
PART II Microorganisms for nanomaterials synthesis
CHAPTER 13
Vishal Ahuja, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Anand Torvi, Devarajan Thangadurai, Arun Kashivishwanath Shettar, Muniswamy David, and Shivasharana Chandrabanda Thimmappa
3.2
3.3
Sadia Saif, Syed Farooq Adil, Amna Chaudhry, and Mujeeb Khan
Jeyapragash Danaraj, Rajiv Periakaruppan, R. Usha, C.K. Venil, and Ashwag Shami
5.1
Subha Priya Venkateswaran,
Kumar Palaniswamy,
Vishvanand, and
4 Applications of actinomycete synthesized nanoparticles ...............................................................................
4.1 Agriculture .........................................................................
4.2 Catalytic activity (nanocatalyst)
4.3 Antimicrobial activity ........................................................
4.4 Anti-oxidant properties
4.5 Anti-malarial and anti-parasitic activity ............................
4.6 Dye degradation
4.7 Anti-biofouling activity .....................................................
4.8 Larvicidal activity
4.9 Cytotoxicity and anticancer activity ..................................
CHAPTER 17 Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, mechanism, and characterization 397 Santwana Padhi and Anindita Behera 1 Introduction 397 2 Methods of preparation of silver nanoparticle ............................
2.1 Physical methods .................................................................
2.2
2.3 Photochemical
4.1 UV–visible spectroscopy ..................................................... 421
4.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 421
4.3 X-ray diffractometry (XRD) ................................................ 422
4.4 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 422
4.5 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ................................. 422
4.6 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 422
4.7 Dynamic light scattering (DLS)........................................... 423
4.8 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 423
4.9 Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR): ................... 423
5 Conclusion 424 References................................................................................... 424
CHAPTER 20 Biogenic metal sulfide nanoparticles synthesis and applications for biomedical and environmental technology ....................................................................... 495
S. Ragu Nandhakumar, S. Rajeshkumar, R.S. Anand, Vamshikrishna Malyla, Kamal Dua, Devaraj Ezhilarasan, and T. Lakshmi
1 Introduction................................................................................. 495
2 Metal nanoparticles 496
3 Metal sulfide nanoparticles ......................................................... 496
3.1 Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles 496
3.2 Copper sulfide nanoparticles ............................................... 498
3.3 Iron sulfide nanoparticles 499
3.4 Silver sulfide nanoparticles .................................................. 499
3.5 Arsenic sulfide nanoparticles ............................................... 500
3.6 Gold sulfide nanoparticles ................................................... 501
3.7 Bismuth sulfide nanoparticles .............................................. 503
3.8 Manganese sulfide nanoparticles ......................................... 503
4 Conclusion ..................................................................................
CHAPTER 21 Microbial-mediated copper nanoparticles synthesis, characterization, and applications .......... 507 Nandhini Palani and Ramya Dinesh Elangovan 1 Introduction................................................................................. 507 2 Copper nanoparticles 508 3 Techniques for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles ................ 509 4 Need for microbial-mediated synthesis of copper nanoparticles ............................................................................... 511
5 Microbial-mediated synthesis of copper nanoparticles 511
5.1 Bacteria ................................................................................ 512
5.2 Actinomycetes 513
5.3 Fungi .................................................................................... 513
5.4 Yeast 516
5.5 Algae .................................................................................... 516
5.6 Viruses 517
6 Characterization of copper nanoparticles ................................... 517
6.1 Nanoparticle formation analysis 518
6.2 Extraction of nanoparticles ................................................ 518
6.3 Tracking of nanoparticles................................................... 521
6.4 Morphology and size analysis ............................................ 521
6.5 Surface charge analysis ...................................................... 522
Parteek
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Devaraj Ezhilarasan, Duraisamy Revathi, Subramanian Raghunandhakumar, S. Rajeshkumar, A. Anbukumaran, and P. Vanathi
3.1
3.2
CHAPTER 24 Mechanistic approach on the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles from microbes 577
Nisha Elizabeth Sunny, A. Kaviya, and S. Venkat Kumar
1 Introduction 577
2 Synthesis of nanoparticles .......................................................... 578
2.1 Biological synthesis 579
2.2 Mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis .................................. 580
3 Conclusion 592
References................................................................................... 592
CHAPTER 25 Microbially synthesized nanoparticles: A promising future for insecticidal efficacy studies 603
Chandrasekaran Rajkuberan, John Joseph, and Rajiv Periakaruppan
1 Introduction................................................................................. 603
2 Types of nanoparticles ................................................................ 604
3 Synthesis of nanoparticles .......................................................... 605
3.1 Green synthesis of nanoparticles ......................................... 606
3.2 Plant-mediated nanoparticles ............................................... 607
4 Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles .......................................... 607
4.1 Bacteria-mediated nanoparticles .......................................... 607
4.2 Actinomycetes-mediated nanoparticles 608
4.3 Fungi-mediated nanoparticles .............................................. 609
4.4 Algae-mediated nanoparticles 610
5 Mechanism of nanoparticle formation ........................................ 611
6 Insecticidal efficacy of microbial-mediated nanoparticles 613
7 Future perspectives ..................................................................... 616
8 Conclusion 618
References................................................................................... 618
CHAPTER 26 Biomedical applications of ginsenosides
nanoparticles synthesized using microbes 625
Sri Renuakdevi Balusamy, Santhiya Karuppieh, Sumathi Venkat, Lakshmi Thangavelu, Yeon Ju Kim, and Haribalan Perumalsamy
1 Introduction 625
2 Probiotics .................................................................................... 626
2.1 Versatile clinical applications of the probiotics 627
2.2 Probiotic mediated nanoparticle synthesis........................... 629
3 Mechanisms of the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles ........... 631
3.1 Intracellular method ............................................................. 634
6.2
6.3
Manviri Rani, Jyoti Yadav, Meenu, Keshu, and Uma Shanker
CHAPTER
2
Hussien AboDalam, Vijay Devra, Farah K. Ahmed, Bin Li, and Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
2.1
2.2
6.3
Contributors
Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC); Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Hussien AboDalam
Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
A. Anbukumaran
Department of Microbiology, Urumu Dhanalaksmi College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Syed Farooq Adil
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Farah K. Ahmed
Biotechnology English Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Manal M. Ahmed
Organic Egypt, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo; Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Vishal Ahuja
Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
Evidence Akhayere
Department of Environmental Science; Environmental Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
R.S. Anand
Centre for Biotechnology, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India
Mohammad Ashfaq
Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; School of Life Science, BS Abdur Rahaman Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
Marwa T. Badawy
Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
Sri Renuakdevi Balusamy
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Abdul Basit
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Anindita Behera
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Rami Bejjani
Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
Bhagavanth Reddy G.
Department of Chemistry, PG Center Wanaparthy, Palamuru University, Wanaparthy, Telangana, India
Amna Chaudhry
Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Divya Chauhan
Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
Parvathiraja Chelliah
Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
Jeyapragash Danaraj
Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Muniswamy David
Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Vijay Devra
Department of Chemistry, J.D.B. Govt. P. G. Girls College, Kota, Rajasthan, India
Kamal Dua
Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
Anthony C. Ekennia
Department of Chemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Ramya Dinesh Elangovan
Department of Microbiology, Indian Council for Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
Elias E. Elemike
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria
Rachael O. Ezeani
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria
Devaraj Ezhilarasan
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
M. Jeevitha
Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
John Joseph Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Nandakumar Kalarikkal
International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
Anu Kalia
Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
Paulkumar Kanniah
Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
Santhiya Karuppieh
Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Murugan Kasi
Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
Doga Kavaz
Environmental Research Centre; Department of Bioengineering, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
A. Kaviya
School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Keshu
Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Mohamed S. Khalil
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Mujeeb Khan
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Yeon Ju Kim
Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
T. Lakshmi
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Bin Li
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Satinder Pal Kaur Malhotra
Faculty of Science and Technology, ICFAI Tech School, ICFAI University Dehradun, Dehradun, India
Vamshikrishna Malyla
Centre for Biotechnology, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India
R.V. Mangalaraja
Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Meenu
Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Heba I. Mohamed
Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Manal Mostafa
Organic Egypt, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
Harish Mudila
Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, India
M. Nagalingam
Department of Bio-Chemistry, Indo-American College, Cheyyar, Tamil Nadu, India
S. Ragu Nandhakumar
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Rishabh Anand Omar
Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
Damian C. Onwudiwe
Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area; Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
Santwana Padhi
KIIT Technology Business Incubator, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Nandhini Palani
National Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
Vignesh Kumar Palaniswamy
Department of Chemistry, KGiSL Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Nidhi Pareek
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Rajiv Periakaruppan
Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Haribalan Perumalsamy
Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Parteek Prasher
UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar; Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
Subramanian Raghunandhakumar
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Rajendran Rajakumari
International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
S. Rajeshkumar
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
