Advances in Microbeassisted Phytoremediation of Polluted Sites
Edited by Kuldeep Bauddh
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Ying Ma
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Shahrukh Nawaj Alam, Zaira Khalid, Manisarani Patel, Priyanka Kumari, Anup Kumar, Bhaskar Singh, Abhishek Guldhe
3.3
3.2.2
Shreya Singh, Lala Saha, Kuldeep Bauddh
5.1
5.2
Ying Ma, Tatiana Nkwah Bantec, Rui S. Oliveira, António Xavier Pereira Coutinho, Chang Zhang, Helena Freitas
5.4
5.4.3
7.3
Aqsa bibi, Mohammad Nisar, Gul Raheem, Muhammad Laiq, Abid Ullah
7.4.7
8.3.3
8.4
8.4.1
8.4.2
8.5
9
9.1
Sonal Dixit, Preetanshika Tracy, Neha Vishnoi, Ankit Abhilash Swain,
Kuldeep Bauddh, Manoj Kumar
9.2.1
CHAPTER 10 Role
Mehran Shirvani, Zahra Yahaghi
Mitra, Krishnendu Pramanik, Sayanta Mondal, Sudip Kumar Ghosh, Antara Ghosh, Tushar Kanti Maiti
Neha Vishnoi, Neha Gupta, Sonal Dixit
Ankit Abhilash Swain, Neha Dwivedi, Kuldeep Bauddh, Manoj Kumar
3
of
Susmita Karmakar, Rajeswari Roy, Arijita Bhattacharyya, Biswajit Kar, Sanjeev Kumar, Ritu Singh, Kuldeep Bauddh, Narendra Kumar
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
Soni Kumari Singh, Ashish Sachan 17.1
Contributors
Shahrukh Nawaj Alam
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Mohammad Israil Ansari
Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
Anshumali
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
Tatiana Nkwah Bantec
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Kuldeep Bauddh
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Ram Naresh Bharagava
Laboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, U.P., India
Arijita Bhattacharyya
Department of Physical Science, Betai High School, Nadia, West Bengal, India
Aqsa bibi
Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Nirmali Bordoloi
Central University of Jharkhand, Environmental Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Sam Cherian
Indian Society for Plant Physiology, New Delhi, India
António Xavier Pereira Coutinho
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Anuradha Devi
Laboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, U.P., India
Sonal Dixit
Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Neha Dwivedi
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Farolândia, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil
Joël Fontaine
Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV-UR 4492), SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Calais cedex, France
Helena Freitas
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Sudip Kumar Ghosh
Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Antara Ghosh
Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Abhishek Guldhe
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Mumbai, India
Kiran Gupta
Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India; Department of Botany, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, Siddharth Nagar, India
Neha Gupta
Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Khushboo Gupta
Central University of Jharkhand, Environmental Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Arti Hansda
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India; Department of Advance Science and Technology, NIET, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Shilpa Deshpande Kaistha
Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, UP, India
Biswajit Kar
Department of Environmental Science, Kanchrapara College, Kanchrapara, West Bengal, India
Susmita Karmakar
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Zaira Khalid
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Prem Chand Kisku
School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Department of Geology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
Anup Kumar
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Vipin Kumar
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
Vineet Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, UP, India
Amit Kumar
Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
Manoj Kumar
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Sanjeev Kumar
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Narendra Kumar
Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UttarPradesh, India
Raushan Kumar
Central University of Jharkhand, Environmental Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Khushbu Kumari
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Priyanka Kumari
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Muhammad Laiq
Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV-UR 4492), SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Calais cedex, France
Ying Ma
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Tushar Kanti Maiti
Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Soumik Mitra
Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Sayanta Mondal
Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Nandkishor More
Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, U.P., India
Sikandar I. Mulla
Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
Anna Muratova
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
Mohammad Nisar
Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Rui S. Oliveira
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Manisarani Patel
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Krishnendu Pramanik
Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
Gul Raheem
Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Robin Raveau
Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV-UR 4492), SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Calais cedex, France
Rajeswari Roy
Department of Environmental Studies, Rabindra Bharti University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Ashish Sachan
Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
Lala Saha
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
Gauri Saxena
Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
Mehran Shirvani
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
Bhaskar Singh
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Shreya Singh
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Ritu Singh
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Soni Kumari Singh
Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
Ravi Prakash Srivastava
Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
Ankit Abhilash Swain
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Preetanshika Tracy
Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Olga Turkovskaya
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
Abid Ullah
Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Pramila Devi Umrao
Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, UP, India
Neha Vishnoi
Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Zahra Yahaghi
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
Chang Zhang
Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
Microbe-assisted phytoremediation of environmental contaminants
Anuradha Devia, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreirab,c, Ganesh Dattatraya Sarataled, Sikandar I. Mullae, Nandkishor Moref, Ram Naresh Bharagavaa
aLaboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, U.P., India
bWaste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Farolândia, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
cGraduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil
dDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
eDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
fDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, U.P., India
1.5.5
1.5.6
1.1 Introduction
Nowadays, the concern of environmental contamination has increased due to the high production demand of rapid population growth, which prompts the generation of plenty of waste and environmental contaminants. The toxic heavy metals, greenhouse gases, oil spillages, nonbiodegradable materials, unutilized fertilizers, pesticides, and other hazardous materials are the main source of environmental contamination (Kishor et al., 2020). Endocrine disruptors (EDs), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, hormones, toxins and industrial wastewaters also contribute majority of environmental contamination (Rasheed, Bilal, Nabeel, Adeel, & Iqbal, 2019). The long-term susceptivity to these environmental contaminants might have counter health effects like organ dysfunction, cancer, physical, psychological, neurological disorders, and compromised immunity (Godduhn & Duffy, 2003). Thus subsequently, the remediation of contaminated area is mandatory in order to retain the area and to reduce the entrance of toxins into the food chain (Hooda, 2007). Contaminants from water and soil can be remediated by various methods, but most of these are expensive, labor-consuming, and require onsite renovation through chemical or physical methods (Kishor, Bharagava, & Saxena, 2018). Due to these drawbacks, the scientists had developed some eco-friendly technologies using microorganism and plants or with combination of both for the elimination of toxins from contaminated soil and water (Glick, 2003).
Bioremediation is a method which practices microbes (bacteria, yeast algae, and fungi) used for the remediation of contaminated soil and water. In this innovation, the proliferation of native consortia (microbial) is endorsed aimed at chosen movement by monitoring abiotic and biotic conditions for contaminated sites (Weyens et al., 2015). Microbes are recognized to be principal microbe groups form symbiotic associations with plants as shown in Fig. 1.1. Microorganisms play a major role in nitrogen, fixation phosphate solubilization and mobilization, nutrient management, probiotics and biotic elicitors, biodegradation agents. Various, fungi, algae and bacterial strains have been explored for the management of hazardous organic and inorganic waste including heavy metals produced by various industries (Basit, Shah, Ullah, Muntha, & Mohamed, 2021). Microorganisms are responsible for the health of the plant, crop production, and phytoremediation for knocking out pollution load in environmental monitoring. The important perception of microbe assisted phytoremediation is to effectively remediate contaminants from the environment using both plant and microbes. The technique has great potential in the tropics, as it favours plant growth and enhancing microbial activity due to climatic conditions (Liu, Yang, Liang, Xiao, & Fang, 2020).
“The degradation of organic contaminants using microbes and plants is termed phytodegradation”. Also, microbes are used for increasing the efficiency of organic contaminant degradation in the root zone and are termed as rhizodegradation (Basit et al., 2021). For example, mycorrhiza (a beneficial association between a fungus and the roots of vascular plants) are effective recalcitrant polymers recyclers of lignin. By the application of filamentous or unicellular fungi reduction of harmful wastes from the environment is performed. Some microbe and plant species can be used for heavy metal remediation.
Plant Ricinus communis cultivated in the presence of Pseudomonas sp. M6 was found tolerant to nickel, Eichhornia crassipes cultivated in presence of Pycnoclavella diminuta found tolerant to resistant to chromium, Cajanus cajan and Proteus vulgaris KNP3 found tolerant to copper (Rai, Kim, Lee, & Lee, 2020). Fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae and plant species Vetiveria zizanioides found tolerant to iron, copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc (Kafil, Boroomand Nasab, Moazed, & Bhatnagar, 2019). Jampasri et al. (2020) reported that the tolerance of C. odorata and M. luteus to moderate concentrations of lead
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and fuel oil made them extremely good applicants of bacteria-assisted phytoremediation of lead-fuel oil cocontaminated soils (Sharma, 2021).
It is perceived that plant-microbe interaction plays a significant aspect during remediation by degrading, detoxifying or sequestrating the contaminants by promoting plant growth (Weyens et al., 2015). It was reported that microbe assisted phytoremediation is a cost-effective, ecofriendly, nonintrusive, esthetically pleasing, and informally recognized sustainable expertise meant for the remediation of contaminated soil or water areas (Alkorta & Garbisu, 2001). The microbe assisted phytoremediation of contaminants involves phytoextraction, phytovolatilization phytostabilization, and rhizofiltration (Glick, 2003). The purpose of this chapter is to confer the probable and limitations of remediation by microbe-assisted phytoremediation of environmental contaminants including wastewater.
1.2 Environmental contaminants: Types, nature, and sources
Environmental contaminants are chemical, physical, biological or radiological substances that have adverse effects on air, water, soil, and living organisms. Due to the industrialization and overuse of chemicals, our environment has become contaminated with various types of contaminants. The source of contaminants may be point or nonpoint. However, the common sources of contaminants are industrial activities and accident, oil spillage, mining, ammunitions, fossil fuels and war agents
FIG. 1.1 Microbe and plant interaction for phytoremediation.
