BriefContents
1.1Sociology: Perspective,Theory,andMethod2
2.2Culture42
3.3Socialization: From InfancytoOldAge74
4.4Social InteractioninEverydayLife100
5.5MassMediaandSocial Media124
6.6GroupsandOrganizations156
7.7SexualityandSociety180
8.8Deviance208
9.9Social Stratification240
10.10Global Stratification282 11.11Gender Stratification308
12.12RaceandEthnicity338
13.13EconomicsandPolitics368
14.14FamilyandReligion410
15.15Education,Health,andMedicine450
16.16Population,Urbanization,andEnvironment 492
17.17Social Change: ModernandPostmodernSocieties524
1.Boxesxiv
2.Revel Boxesxv
3.Mapsxvi
4.Prefacexviii
5.About theAuthor xxviii
1.1Sociology: Perspective,Theory,andMethod2
1.ThePower of Societytoguideour choicesinmarriagepartners3
2.TheSociological Perspective4
1.1.1: Explainhowthesociological perspectivehelpsus understandthat societyshapesour individual lives.
2.SeeingtheGeneral intheParticular 4
3.SeeingtheStrangeintheFamiliar 5
4.SeeingSocietyinOur EverydayLives6
5.SeeingSociologically: MarginalityandCrisis7
6.TheImportanceof aGlobal Perspective9
7.TheOriginsof Sociology10
3.ApplyingtheSociological Perspective12
1.1.2: Identifytheadvantagesof sociological thinkingfor developingpublicpolicy,for encouragingpersonal growth,
3.TheElementsof Culture48
1.2.2: Identifycommonelementsof culture.
2.Symbols48
3.Language50
4.ValuesandBeliefs51
5.Norms53
6.Ideal andReal Culture53
4.TechnologyandCulture54
1.2.3: Analyzehowasociety’slevel of technologyshapesits culture.
2.HuntingandGathering54
3.HorticultureandPastoralism 55
4.Agriculture55
5.Industry55
6.Postindustrial InformationTechnology56
5.Cultural Diversity: ManyWaysof LifeinOneWorld56
1.2.4: Discussdimensionsof cultural differenceandcultural change.
2.HighCultureandPopular Culture56
3.Subculture59
4.Multiculturalism 59
5.Counterculture61
6.Cultural Change61
7.Ethnocentrism andCultural Relativism 62
8.AGlobal Culture?64
6.Theoriesof Culture65
1.2.5: Applysociology’smacro-level theoriestogaingreater understandingof culture.
2.Structural-Functional Theory: TheFunctionsof Culture65
3.Social-Conflict Theory: InequalityandCulture66
4.Feminist Theory: Gender andCulture67
5.Sociobiology: EvolutionandCulture67
7.CultureandHumanFreedom 68
1.2.6: Critiquecultureaslimitingor expandinghuman freedom.
2.CultureasConstraint 69
3.CultureasFreedom 69
1.SeeingSociologyinEverydayLife70
2.SeeingSociologyinYour EverydayLife71
3.MakingtheGrade72
3.3Socialization: From InfancytoOldAge74
1.ThePower of Societytoshapehowmuchtelevisionwewatch75
2.Social Experience: TheKeytoOur Humanity76
1.3.1: Describehowsocial interactionisthefoundationof personality.
2.HumanDevelopment: NatureandNurture76
3.Social Isolation77
3.UnderstandingSocialization78
1.3.2: Explainsixmajor theoriesof socialization.
2.SigmundFreud’sElementsof Personality78
3.JeanPiaget’sTheoryof CognitiveDevelopment 79
4.LawrenceKohlberg’sTheoryof Moral Development 80
5.Carol Gilligan’sTheoryof Gender andMoral Development 80
6.GeorgeHerbert Mead’sTheoryof theSocial Self 81
7.ErikH.Erikson’sEight Stagesof Development 83
4.Agentsof Socialization83
1.3.3: Analyzehowthefamily,school,peer groups,andthe massmediaguidethesocializationprocess.
2.TheFamily83
3.TheSchool 85
4.ThePeer Group85
5.TheMassMedia86
5.SocializationandtheLifeCourse89
1.3.4: Discusshowour societyorganizeshumanexperience intodistinctivestagesof life.
2.Childhood89
3.Adolescence90
4.Adulthood91
5.OldAge91
6.DeathandDying93
7.TheLifeCourse: PatternsandVariations93
6.Resocialization: Total Institutions94
1.3.5: Characterizetheoperationof total institutions.
1.SeeingSociologyinEverydayLife96
2.SeeingSociologyinYour EverydayLife97
3.MakingtheGrade98
4.4Social InteractioninEverydayLife100
1.ThePower of Societytoguidethewaywedosocial networking 101
2.Social Structure: AGuidetoEverydayLiving102
1.4.1: Explainhowsocial structurehelpsustomakesenseof everydaysituations.
3.Status103
1.4.2: Statetheimportanceof statustosocial organization.
2.StatusSet 103
3.AscribedandAchievedStatus103
4.Master Status103
4.Role103
1.4.3: Statetheimportanceof roletosocial organization.
2.RoleSet 104
3.RoleConflict andRoleStrain105
4.RoleExit 105
5.TheSocial Constructionof Reality105
1.4.4: Describehowwesociallyconstruct reality.
2.TheThomasTheorem 107
3.Ethnomethodology107
4.RealityBuilding: ClassandCulture107
5.TheIncreasingImportanceof Social Media108
6.Dramaturgical Analysis: The“Presentationof Self”109
1.4.5: ApplyGoffman’sanalysistoseveral familiar situations.
2.Performances109
3.Nonverbal Communication109
4.Gender andPerformances110
5.Idealization111
6.Embarrassment andTact 112
7.InteractioninEverydayLife: ThreeApplications114
1.4.6: Construct asociological analysisof threeaspectsof everydaylife: emotions,language,andhumor.
2.Emotions: TheSocial Constructionof Feeling114
3.Language: TheSocial Constructionof Gender 116
4.RealityPlay: TheSocial Constructionof Humor 117
1.SeeingSociologyinEverydayLife120
2.SeeingSociologyinYour EverydayLife121
3.MakingtheGrade122
5.5MassMediaandSocial Media124
1.ThePower of Societytoguidethewaywomenandmenuse social media125
2.What IstheMedia?126
1.5.1: Explainthemeaningsof threekeyconcepts: media, massmedia,andsocial media.
2.MassMedia127
3.Social Media127
3.MediaandtheMessage: MediaBiasandMediaLiteracy128
1.5.2: Investigatetheissueof mediabiasandtheneedfor medialiteracy.
2.MediaandBias128
3.MediaLiteracy129
4.TheHistorical Evolutionof MassMediaandSocial Media129
1.5.3: Describethehistorical evolutionof massmediaand social media.
2.Newspapers129
3.Radio130
4.Television132
5.TheInternet andtheRiseof Social Media133
6.InSummary136
5.TheEffectsof Social MediaontheIndividual 137
1.5.4: Explorehowtheuseof social mediaaffects individuals.
2.Social MediaandthePresentationof Self 137
3.Social MediaandSelf-Image137
4.Social MediaandEmpathy138
5.Social MediaandConformity139
6.Social Media,Multitasking,andAttentionSpan139
7.Cyber-Bullying139
8.Social MediaandAddiction140
9.InSummary140
6.TheInformal Sideof Bureaucracy167
7.Problemsof Bureaucracy168
8.Oligarchy169
4.TheEvolutionof Formal Organizations169
1.6.3: Summarizethechangestoformal organizationsover thecourseof thelast century.
2.ScientificManagement 170
3.TheFirst Challenge: RaceandGender 170
4.TheSecondChallenge: TheJapaneseWorkOrganization 171
5.TheThirdChallenge: TheChangingNatureof Work171
6.The“McDonaldization”of Society172
7.TheFutureof Organizations: OpposingTrends174
1.SeeingSociologyinEverydayLife176
2.SeeingSociologyinYour EverydayLife177
3.MakingtheGrade178
7.7SexualityandSociety180
1.ThePower of Societytoshapeour attitudesonsocial issues involvingsexuality181
2.UnderstandingSexuality182
1.7.1: Describehowsexualityisbothabiological anda cultural issue.
2.Sex: ABiological Issue183
3.SexandtheBody184
4.Sex: ACultural Issue184
5.TheIncest Taboo185
3.Sexual AttitudesintheUnitedStates186
1.7.2: Explainchangesinsexual attitudesintheUnited States.
2.TheSexual Revolution187
3.TheSexual Counterrevolution188
4.Premarital Sex189
5.SexbetweenAdults189
6.Extramarital Sex189
7.Sexover theLifeCourse190
4.Sexual Orientation190
1.7.3: Analyzefactorsthat shapesexual orientation.
2.What GivesUsaSexual Orientation?191
3.HowManyGayPeopleAreThere?192
4.TheGayRightsMovement 192
5.Transgender 194
5.Sexual IssuesandControversies194
3.TheBiological Context 211
4.PersonalityFactors211
5.TheSocial Foundationsof Deviance212
3.Structural-Functional Theories: TheFunctionsof Deviance213
1.8.2: Applystructural-functional theoriestothetopicof deviance.
2.Durkheim’sBasicInsight 213
3.Merton’sStrainTheory214
4.Deviant Subcultures215
4.Symbolic-InteractionTheories: DefiningDeviance216
1.8.3: Applysymbolic-interactiontheoriestothetopicof deviance.
2.LabelingTheory216
3.TheMedicalizationof Deviance217
4.TheDifferenceLabelsMake217
5.Sutherland’sDifferential AssociationTheory218
6.Hirschi’sControl Theory218
5.Theoriesof Class,Race,andGender: DevianceandInequality 219
1.8.4: Applysocial-conflict theoriestothetopicof deviance.
2.DevianceandPower 219
4.Social StratificationandTechnology: AGlobal Perspective256
1.9.3: Analyzethelinkbetweenasociety’stechnologyandits social stratification.
2.Hunting-and-GatheringSocieties256
3.Horticultural,Pastoral,andAgrarianSocieties256
4.Industrial Societies256
5.TheKuznetsCurve256
5.InequalityandSocial ClassintheUnitedStates257
1.9.4: Describethedistributionof incomeandwealthinthe UnitedStates.
2.Income,Wealth,andPower 257
3.Occupational Prestige259
4.Schooling259
5.Ancestry,Race,andGender 260
6.Social ClassesintheUnitedStates261
7.TheDifferenceClassMakes263
6.Social Mobility264
1.9.5: Assesstheextent of social mobilityintheUnited States.
2.ResearchonMobility267
3.MobilitybyIncomeLevel 267
4.Mobility: Race,Ethnicity,andGender 268
5.MobilityandMarriage268
6.TheAmericanDream: Still aReality?269
7.TheGlobal EconomyandtheU.S.ClassStructure270
7.PovertyandtheTrendtowardIncreasingInequality270
1.9.6: Discusspatternsof povertyandincreasingeconomic inequalityintheUnitedStates.
2.TheExtent of Poverty270
3.WhoArethePoor?270
4.ExplainingPoverty271
5.TheWorkingPoor 273
6.Homelessness273
7.TheTrendtowardIncreasingInequality274
8.AretheVeryRichWorththeMoney?275
9.CantheRest of UsGet Ahead?276
1.SeeingSociologyinEverydayLife278
2.SeeingSociologyinYour EverydayLife279
3.MakingtheGrade280
10.10Global Stratification282
1.ThePower of Societytodetermineachild’schanceof survival toagefive283
2.Global Stratification: AnOverview285
1.10.1: Describethedivisionof theworldintohigh-,middle-, andlow-incomecountries.
2.AWordabout Terminology285
3.High-IncomeCountries286
4.Middle-IncomeCountries289
5.Low-IncomeCountries289
3.Global WealthandPoverty290
1.10.2: Discusspatternsandexplanationsof povertyaround theworld.
2.TheSeverityof Poverty290
3.TheExtent of Poverty291
4.PovertyandChildren292
5.PovertyandWomen293
6.Slavery293
7.Explanationsof Global Poverty295
4.Theoriesof Global Stratification296
1.10.3: Applysociological theoriestothetopicof global inequality.
2.ModernizationTheory296
3.DependencyTheory298
4.TheFutureof Global Stratification302
1.SeeingSociologyinEverydayLife304
2.SeeingSociologyinYour EverydayLife305
3.MakingtheGrade306
11.11Gender Stratification308
1.ThePower of Societytoguideour lifechoices309
2.Gender andInequality310
1.11.1: Describethewaysinwhichsocietycreatesgender stratification.
2.Male–FemaleDifferences310
3.Gender inGlobal Perspective311
4.PatriarchyandSexism 312
3.Gender andSocialization314
1.11.2: Explaintheimportanceof gender tosocialization.
2.Gender andtheFamily314
3.Gender andthePeer Group315
4.Gender andSchooling315
5.Gender andtheMassMedia315
4.Gender andSocial Stratification316
1.11.3: Analyzetheextent of gender inequalityinvarious social institutions.
2.WorkingWomenandMen317
3.Gender,Income,andWealth318
4.Housework: Women’s“SecondShift”319
5.Gender andEducation320
6.Gender andPolitics321
7.Gender andtheMilitary322
8.AreWomenaMinority?322
9.Violenceagainst Women322
10.Violenceagainst Men323
11.Sexual Harassment 325
12.Pornography325
5.Theoriesof Gender 325
1.11.4: Applysociology’smajor theoriestogender stratification.
2.Structural-Functional Theory326
3.Symbolic-InteractionTheory326
4.Social-Conflict Theory327
5.IntersectionTheory328
6.Feminism 330
1.11.5: Contrast liberal,socialist,andradical feminism.
2.BasicFeminist Ideas330
