SKELETAL TRAUMA
BASIC SCIENCE, MANAGEMENT, AND RECONSTRUCTION
Bruce D. Browner, MD, MHCM, FACS, FAOA
Adjunct Professor
Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery
Duke University School of Medicine Durham, North Carolina and Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Jesse B. Jupiter, MA, MD, FAOA
Professor
Orthopaedic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts
Christian Krettek, MD, FRACS, FRCSEd
Professor and Director Hannover Medical School (MHH)–Trauma Department Hannover, Germany
Paul A. Anderson, MD, FAOA
Professor
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin
Elsevier
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1600 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
SKELETAL TRAUMA: BASIC SCIENCES, MANAGEMENT, AND RECONSTRUCTION, SIXTH EDITION
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-323-63924-8 (vol 1) 978-0-323-63925-5 (vol 2) 978-0-323-61114-5 (set)
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The Editors Dedicate the Sixth Edition to their Families and to Fallen and Wounded Warriors
To my wife, Barbara Thea Browner; to my children: Jeremy Todd Browner, Esq, Nina Mikhellasvili Browner, MD, Nicole Browner Samuel, and Marc Aaron Samuel, Esq, and to my grandchildren: Benjamin Noah Browner, Zachary Myer Samuel, Dylan Jethro Samuel, Sophia Alexandra Browner, and Emily Jordyn Samuel
In memory of my parents, Mona and Eric Browner
In appreciation for encouragement from my mother-inlaw, Betty Appleman Jacowsky
Bruce D. Browner
To my wife, Beryl Stephanie Abrams Jupiter, to my daughter, Stacy Deborah Jupiter
In memory of my son, Benjamin Scott Jupiter In memory of my parents, Miriam and Samuel Jupiter
Jesse B. Jupiter
To my wife, Ulrike Krettek, MD, to my children: Felicitas Krettek and Florian Krettek
In memory of my parents, Felizitas & Heinz Krettek In appreciation of their continuous support and encouragement
Christian Krettek
To my wife, Veronica for the all help and support she provides and her assistance in editing all the manuscripts
Paul Anderson
We dedicate this text also to the brave men and women in the military who have sacrificed their lives or sustained serious injuries while fighting to preserve the freedom and security of our nations
Contributors
Yves P. Acklin, MD, DMedSc
Assistant Professor Kantonsspital Baselland Bruderholz, Switzerland
46: Fractures of the Humeral Shaft
Julie E. Adams, MD
Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery
Mayo Clinic Health System Rochester, Minnesota
44: Trauma to the Adult Elbow
Samuel B. Adams, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina
66: Malleolar Fractures and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Ankle
Sulaiman Alazzawi, MBChB, MSc, MRCS, FRCS
Trauma and Orthopaedics
The Royal London Hospital London, United Kingdom
73: Articular Cartilage Reconstruction Using Osteochondral Allografts
Volker Alt, MD
Department of Trauma Surgery University Hospital Giessen–Marburg GmbH Campus Giessen, Germany
25: Understanding and Treating Chronic Osteomyelitis
Anthony M. Alvarado
Department of Neurosurgery
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas
29: Pathophysiology and Early Management of Spinal Cord Injury
Louis F. Amorosa, MD
Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Columbia University Medical Center and New York
Presbyterian Hospitals
New York, New York
32: Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma
Jonas Andermahr, MD
Professor of University Clinic of Cologne Director Center of Orthopaedic and Traumasurgery Kreiskrankenhaus, Mechernich, Germany
48: Fractures and Dislocations of the Clavicle
Paul A. Anderson, MD, FAOA
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
35: Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures
Ajay Antony, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
15: Chronic Pain Management
Paul M. Arnold, MD
Department of Neurosurgery
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas
29: Pathophysiology and Early Management of Spinal Cord Injury
Courtney E. Baker, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
4: Vascularity and Stability: The Pillars of Fracture Healing
Tessa Balach, MD
Associate Professor Residency Program Director Division of Orthopaedic Oncology
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois
21: Pathologic Fractures
Justin Barr, MD, PhD Department of Surgery
Duke University
Durham, North Carolina
1: The History of Trauma Care
Craig S. Bartlett III, MD
Medical Director of Orthopaedic Trauma
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
The University of Vermont
Burlington, Vermont
65: Fractures of the Tibial Pilon
Michael R. Baumgaertner, MD
Professor
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
Chief of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstruction
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
53: Medical Management of the Patient With Hip Fracture
55: Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures
Joan Elizabeth Bechtold, PhD
Gustilo Professor of Orthopaedic Research
Vice Chair Research
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Minnesota; Graduate Professor
Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota; Investigator
Hennepin County Medical Center
Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute and Excelen Center for Bone & Joint Research and Education
Minneapolis, Minnesota
6: Biomechanics of Fractures
Christopher P. Bednarz, MD
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
Richmond, Virginia
22: Osteoporotic Fragility Fractures
Carlo Bellabarba, MD
Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
Joint Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington; Chief of Orthopaedics
Harborview Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
30: Craniocervical Injuries: Atlas Fractures, Atlanto-Occipital Injuries, and Atlantoaxial Injuries
38: Pelvic Ring Injuries
Emanuel Benninger, MD
Department of Surgery
Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Kantonsspital, Winterthur, Switzerland
47: Proximal Humeral Fractures and Glenohumeral Dislocations
Michael A. Benvenuti, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee
4: Vascularity and Stability: The Pillars of Fracture Healing
Kavi Bhalla, PhD
Assistant Professor of Epidemiology and Global Health Department of Public Health Sciences
The University of Chicago Biological Sciences
Chicago, Illinois
2: Global Burden of Musculoskeletal Injuries
Randy R. Bindra, MCh, FRCS
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Griffith University and Gold Coast University Hospital
Gold Coast, Australia
40: Fractures and Dislocations of the Hand
Robert E. Blease, MD
Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeon
MAJ U.S. Army (Ret)
Missoula, Montana
20: Gunshot Wounds and Blast Injuries
André P. Boezaart, MD, PhD
Professor of Anesthesiology and Orthopaedic Surgery
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
14: The Management of Acute and Perioperative Pain
Associated With Trauma and Surgery
15: Chronic Pain Management
Donald S. Bohannon, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
14: The Management of Acute and Perioperative Pain
Associated With Trauma and Surgery
Christopher T. Born, MD, FACS, FAAOS
Intrepid Heroes Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
The Alpert Medical School at Brown University Emeritus Chief, Division of Orthopaedic Trauma; Director, Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research
Rhode Island Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island
13: Disaster Management
Michael J. Bosse, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Carolinas Medical Center—Atrium Health
Charlotte, North Carolina
28: Psychological, Social, and Functional Manifestations of Orthopaedic Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury
Richard Jackson Bransford, MD
Professor and Spine Fellowship Director Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
University of Washington
Harborview Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
30: Craniocervical Injuries: Atlas Fractures, Atlanto-Occipital Injuries, and Atlantoaxial Injuries
38: Pelvic Ring Injuries
Mark R. Brinker, MD
Director of Acute and Reconstructive Trauma
Texas Orthopaedic Hospital
Fondren Orthopaedic Group, LLP
Houston, Texas;
Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Texas Medical School—Houston
Houston, Texas;
Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Tulane University School of Medicine
New Orleans, Louisiana;
Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
26: Nonunions: Evaluation and Treatment
Nico Bruns, MD
Resident Trauma Department Hannover Medical School (MHH)
Hannover, Germany
73: Articular Cartilage Reconstruction Using Osteochondral Allografts
Constantinus F. Buckens, MD, PhD
Department of Radiology
University Medical Center
Utrecht, The Netherlands
34: Fractures in the Ankylosed Spine
Ryan P. Calfee, MD, MSc
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
13: Disaster Management
Jon Carlson, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Louisville, Kentucky
24: Diagnosis and Treatment of Complications
Charles Cassidy, MD
Henry H. Banks Professor and Chairman
Department of Orthopaedics
Tufts Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
41: Fractures and Dislocations of the Carpus
Renan C. Castillo, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Health Policy and Management
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Baltimore, Maryland
2: Global Burden of Musculoskeletal Injuries
Neal Chen, MD
Interim Chief, Hand and Upper Extremity Service
Massachusetts General Hospital
Assistant Professor
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
45: Fractures of the Distal Humerus
Christina W. Cheng, MD
Orthopaedic Spine Fellow
Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
Harborview Medical Center
University Washington Seattle, Washington
30: Craniocervical Injuries: Atlas Fractures, Atlanto-Occipital Injuries, and Atlantoaxial Injuries
Jan-Dierk Clausen, MD
Resident Trauma Department Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hannover, Germany
73: Articular Cartilage Reconstruction Using Osteochondral Allografts
Mark S. Cohen, BS, MD
Hand and Upper Extremity Division
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois
42: Fractures of the Distal Radius
Peter A. Cole, MD
Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota; Chair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Regions Hospital
St. Paul, Minnesota
49: Scapula Fractures
50: Chest Wall Trauma: Rib and Sternum Fractures
62: Tibial Plateau Fractures
Leo M. Cooney, Jr., MD
Humana Foundation Professor of Geriatric Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
53: Medical Management of the Patient With Hip Fracture
R. Richard Coughlin, MD, MSC
Professor Emeritus of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California, San Francisco; Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Orthopaedic Trauma Institute
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California
3: The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World
Aaron Creek, MD
Clinical Instructor of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Louisville Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Norton Leatherman Spine Center
Louisville, Kentucky
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
Pim A. de Jong, MD, PhD
Department of Radiology
University Medical Center
Utrecht, The Netherlands
34: Fractures in the Ankylosed Spine
Sebastian Decker, MD
Specialist Surgeon in Trauma Surgery
Trauma Department
Hannover Medical School (MHH)
Hannover, Germany
31: Craniocervical Injuries: C2 Fractures
38: Pelvic Ring Injuries
John R. Dimar, II, MD
Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Louisville Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Norton Leatherman Spine Center Staff
Chief of Pediatric Orthopaedics
Norton Children’s Hospital
Louisville, Kentucky
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
Shah-Nawaz M. Dodwad, MD
Orthopaedic Spine Surgeon
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
Houston, Texas
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
John C. Dunn, MD
William Beaumont Army Medical Center
El Paso, Texas
19: Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Elton R. Edwards, MB, BS, FRACS
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Alfred Hospital
Melbourne, Australia
57: Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur
Garth A. Elias, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
10: Evaluation and Treatment of the Multi-Injured Trauma Patient
James Ficke, MD, FACS
Robert A. Robinson Professor and Chairman
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
71: Limb Salvage and Reconstruction
Austin T. Fragomen, MD
Fellowship Director
Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery
Hospital for Special Surgery
Weill Cornell Medical College
Cornell University
New York, New York
27: Motorized Intramedullary Lengthening Nail for Limb
Reconstruction
Brett A. Freedman, MD
Associate Professor of Orthopaedics
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
17: Compartment Syndromes
Eli C. Garrard, MD
Assistant Professor
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
Joshua L. Gary, MD
Associate Professor
McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston
Houston, Texas
39: Surgical Treatment of Acetabular Fractures
Ralph Gaulke, MD, PhD
Professor
Deputy Head of the Trauma Department Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hannover, Germany
43: Diaphyseal Fractures of the Forearm
Tad Gerlinger, MD, COL (ret)
Director, Adult Reconstruction Fellowship
Assistant Professor, Rush University Medical Center
Associate Professor, USUHS
Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush Chicago, Illinois
13: Disaster Management
George M. Ghobrial, MD Department of Neurosurgery
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
36: Avoiding Complications in Spine Trauma Patients
Peter V. Giannoudis, MD, FACS, FRCS
Professor and Chairman
Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery
School of Medicine
University of Leeds
Leeds, United Kingdom
58: Femoral Shaft Fractures
69: Periprosthetic Fractures of the Lower Extremity
Peter Ginaitt, RN, EMT
Senior Environmental Health and Safety Officer
Emergency Manager
Rhode Island Public Transit Authority
Member, FEMA National Advisory Council
Providence, Rhode Island
13: Disaster Management
I. Leah Gitajn, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopaedics
Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
Lebanon, New Hampshire
67: Foot Injuries
Wade Gordon, MD
Southern Oregon Orthopaedics; Rogue Regional Medical Center
Medford, Oregon
8: Principles and Complications of External Skeletal Fixation
Thomas Gösling, MD
Professor of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery
General Hospital Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
58: Femoral Shaft Fractures
Richard A. Gosselin, MD, MPH, MSC, FRCS(C)
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Co-Director, Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California
3: The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World
James A. Goulet, MD
Professor and Chief of Orthopaedic Trauma
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
52: Hip Dislocations
Matt L. Graves, MD
Hansjörg Wyss AO Medical Foundation Chair of Orthopaedic Trauma
Professor and Residency Program Director
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Trauma University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, Mississippi
8: Principles and Complications of External Skeletal Fixation
Stuart A. Green, MD
Clinical Professor
Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, California
8: Principles and Complications of External Skeletal Fixation
Daniel Guenther, MD
Consultant, Outside Lecturer
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery, and Sports Medicine
Cologne Merheim Medical Center
Written/Herdecke University Cologne, Germany
60: Patella Fractures and Extensor Mechanism Injuries
61: Dislocations and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Knee
George J. Haidukewych, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Orlando Medical Center
Orlando, Florida
56: Posttraumatic Reconstruction of the Hip Joint
Shannon Hann, MD
Department of Neurosurgery
Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
36: Avoiding Complications in Spine Trauma Patients
Sigvard T. Hansen, Jr., MD Harborview Medical School Seattle, Washington
68: Posttraumatic Reconstruction of the Foot and Ankle
Mitchel B. Harris, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
11: Initial Evaluation of the Spine in Trauma Patients
James S. Harrop, MD
Department of Neurosurgery
Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
36: Avoiding Complications in Spine Trauma Patients
Brandi Hartley, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky
24: Diagnosis and Treatment of Complications
Nael Hawi, MD, MBA
Consultant, Outside Lecturer Trauma Department Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hannover, Germany
59: Fractures of the Distal Femur
Roman Hayda, MD, COL (ret)
Associate Professor Orthopaedic Surgery
Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine
Director Orthopaedic Trauma
Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island
13: Disaster Management
Austin Heare, MD
Assistant Professor Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Department of Orthopaedics
Miami, Florida
49: Scapula Fractures
Matthew Herring, MD
Orthopaedic Trauma Institute
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California, San Francisco
Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center
San Francisco, California
50: Chest Wall Trauma: Rib and Sternum Fractures
Jennifer Hoffman, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedics
Tufts Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
41: Fractures and Dislocations of the Carpus
Jacob Hoffmann, MD
Resident
Orthopaedics
McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
Langston T. Holly, MD
Professor and Vice Chair
Department of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedics
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles, California
37: Principles of Orthotic Management
Joseph R. Hsu, MD
Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeon
Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Carolinas Medical Center
Charlotte, North Carolina
71: Limb Salvage and Reconstruction
Robert Jacobs, MD
University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota
65: Fractures of the Tibial Pilon
Michael Jagodzinski, PhD
Department of Orthopaedic Trauma
Schaumburg Hospital Obernkirchen, Germany
60: Patella Fractures and Extensor Mechanism Injuries
61: Dislocations and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Knee
Sameer Jain, MBChB, MSc, FRCS
Senior Arthroplasty Fellow
Wrightington Hospital
Wigan, United Kingdom
69: Periprosthetic Fractures of the Lower Extremity
Joey P. Johnson, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Loma Linda University
Loma Linda, California
2: Global Burden of Musculoskeletal Injuries
Clifford B. Jones, MD, FAOA, FACS
National Chief of Orthopaedic Trauma, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education (CORE Institute®)
Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona Medical School–Phoenix
Center Chiefs for Orthopaedic Trauma, University Medical Center, Banner Orthopaedic & Spine Institute
Phoenix, Arizona
18: Open Fractures
Bernhard Jost, MA, MD, FAOA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology
Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
47: Proximal Humeral Fractures and Glenohumeral Dislocations
Jesse B. Jupiter, MD
Director of Orthopaedic Hand Service
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
48: Fractures and Dislocations of the Clavicle
51: Replantation
Warren Kadrmas, MD, COL (s)
Deceased
13: Disaster Management
Steven P. Kalandiak, MD
Assistant Professor Orthopaedics
University of Miami
Miami, Florida
20: Gunshot Wounds and Blast Injuries
Stephen L. Kates, MD
Professor and Chairman Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia
22: Osteoporotic Fragility Fractures
Stuart D. Kinsella, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
11: Initial Evaluation of the Spine in Trauma Patients
Melissa Klausmeyer, MD Department of Surgery
Kaiser Permanente
West Los Angeles Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
51: Replantation
Brian S. Knipp, MD
Department of Surgical Services
Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth Portsmouth, Virginia
16: Evaluation and Treatment of Vascular Injuries
38: Pelvic Ring Injuries
Dominic Konadu-Yeboah, MBChB, MPH, FGCS, FWACS
Adjunct Lecturer
Department of Surgery, Trauma and Orthopaedics
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi
Part-Time Lecturer
Department of Surgery
University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho Senior Specialist
Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi, Ghana
3: The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World
Christian Krettek, PhD, FRACS, FRCSEd
University Professor Director of the Trauma Department Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hannover, Germany
31: Craniocervical Injuries: C2 Fractures
59: Fractures of the Distal Femur
63: Nonunions and Malunions about the Knee
73: Articular Cartilage Reconstruction Using Osteochondral Allografts
Ashesh Kumar, MD, MSc, FRCSC
Orthopaedic Surgeon
St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto, Canada
7: Closed Fracture Management
Sanjeev Kumar, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida
15: Chronic Pain Management
Jonneke S. Kuperus, MD, PhD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
34: Fractures in the Ankylosed Spine
Swamy Kurra, MBBS
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, New York
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
John Y. Kwon, MD
Chief, Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Service
Orthopaedic Surgery
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
67: Foot Injuries
Richard F. Kyle, MD
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Minnesota
Faculty, Orthopaedic Department
Hennepin Healthcare
Minneapolis, Minnesota
6: Biomechanics of Fractures
Paul M. Lafferty, MD
Director of Orthopaedic Trauma
Twin Cities Orthopaedics
Golden Valley, Minnesota
62: Tibial Plateau Fractures
Loren Latta, PE, PhD
Professor Emeritus, Director of Biomechanics Research Orthopaedics
University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
Miami, Florida
7: Closed Fracture Management
William F. Lavelle, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, New York
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
Alexander Lerner, MD, PhD
Head of Department, Orthopaedic Surgery
Ziv Medical Center
Professor, Faculty of Medicine in Galilee
Bar-Ilan University
Zefat, Israel
71: Limb Salvage and Reconstruction
Michael P. Leslie, DO, FAOA
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
55: Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures
Paul E. Levin, MD
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Vice-chairman
Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx, New York
28: Psychological, Social, and Functional Manifestations of Orthopaedic Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury
Geoffrey S.F. Ling, MD, PhD
COL (ret.), Medical Corps, U.S. Army
Professor of Neurology, USUHS
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
28: Psychological, Social, and Functional Manifestations of Orthopaedic Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury
Travis Loidolt, DO
The Orthopaedic Specialty Center of Northern California
Roseville, California
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
David W. Lowenberg, MD
Clinical Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Stanford University School of Medicine
Redwood City, California
25: Understanding and Treating Chronic Osteomyelitis
Thuan V. Ly, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedics
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
Columbus, Ohio
54: Intracapsular Hip Fractures
Ellen J. MacKenzie, PhD
Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Dean, Bloomberg School of Public Health
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
28: Psychological, Social, and Functional Manifestations of Orthopaedic Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury
Christiaan N. Mamczak, DO, FAOAO
Beacon Orthopaedics and Sports Specialists
Volunteer Clinical Faculty, Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Indiana University School of Medicine–South Bend
South Bend, Indiana
12: Damage Control Orthopaedic Surgery: A Strategy for the Orthopaedic Care of the Critically Injured Patient
Meir T. Marmor, MD
University of California, San Francisco Orthopaedic Trauma Institute
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
San Francisco General Hospital
San Francisco, California
64: Tibial Shaft Fractures
Amir M. Matityahu, MD
University of California, San Francisco Orthopaedic Trauma Institute
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
San Francisco General Hospital
San Francisco, California
64: Tibial Shaft Fractures
Tyler C. McDonald, MD
House Officer
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jackson, Mississippi
9: Principles of Internal Fixation
Tristan E. McMillan, MBChB, MRCS, PgC
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary
Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
7: Closed Fracture Management
Gareth Medlock, FRCSGlasg
Consultant, Trauma and Orthopaedics
Aberdeen University
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary
Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
7: Closed Fracture Management
Umesh S. Metkar, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
Phillip M. Mitchell, MD
Orthopaedic Surgery Resident
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Vanderbilt School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee
4: Vascularity and Stability: The Pillars of Fracture Healing
Charles N. Mock, MD, PhD, FACS
Professor of Surgery
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
3: The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World
Philipp Mommsen, MD, PhD Consultant, Outside Lecturer Trauma Department
Hannover Medical School (MHH)
Hannover, Germany
69: Periprosthetic Fractures of the Lower Extremity
Jensa C. Morris, MD, FACP
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
Medical Director
Center for Musculoskeletal Care at Yale University School of Medicine and Yale New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut
53: Medical Management of the Patient With Hip Fracture
Victor A. Morris, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
53: Medical Management of the Patient With Hip Fracture
Yusef I. Mosley, MD
Marion Bloch Neuroscience Institute
Saint Luke’s Hospital
Kansas City, Missouri
36: Avoiding Complications in Spine Trauma Patients
Calin S. Moucha, MD
Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, New York
23: Surgical Site Infection Prevention
Christian W. Müller, MD
Trauma Department
Hannover Medical School (MHH)
Hannover, Germany; Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma
Asklepios Klinik Wandsbek
Hamburg, Germany
31: Craniocervical Injuries: C2 Fractures
Alan D. Murdock, MD, FACS
Chief of Emergency Surgery
Division of Trauma
Allegheny General Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
10: Evaluation and Treatment of the Multi-Injured Trauma Patient
George P. Nanos, III, MD
Department of Surgery
Uniformed Services University
Department of Orthopaedics
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
Bethesda, Maryland
19: Soft Tissue Reconstruction
72: Amputations in Trauma
Claudia Neunaber, MD
Outside Lecturer
Head of the Experimental Trauma Research Laboratory
Trauma Department
Hannover Medical School
Hannover, Germany
73: Articular Cartilage Reconstruction Using Osteochondral Allografts
Olga C. Nin, MD
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
14: The Management of Acute and Perioperative Pain Associated With Trauma and Surgery
Tianyi Niu, MD Department of Neurosurgery
David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California
37: Principles of Orthotic Management
Sean E. Nork, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Harborview Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
57: Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur
Daniel P. O’Connor, PhD
Professor, Department of Health and Human Performance
University of Houston
Houston, Texas
26: Nonunions: Evaluation and Treatment
F. Cumhur Oner, MD, PhD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University Medical Center
Utrecht, The Netherlands
34: Fractures of the Ankylosed Spine
Brett D. Owens, MD
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island
2: Global Burden of Musculoskeletal Injuries
Patrick W. Owens, MD
Associate Professor
Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Miami Miami, Florida
20: Gunshot Wounds and Blast Injuries
Eric Pagenkopf, MD
Envision Physician Services Dallas, Texas
12: Damage Control Orthopaedic Surgery: A Strategy for the Orthopaedic Care of the Critically Injured Patient
Dror Paley, MD, FRCSC Director
Paley Orthopaedic and Spine Institute
West Palm Beach, Florida
63: Malunions and Nonunions About the Knee
70: Principles of Deformity Correction
Hari K. Parvataneni, MD
Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
14: The Management of Acute and Perioperative Pain
Associated With Trauma and Surgery
Alpesh A. Patel, MD, FACS Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Neurosurgery
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
Andrew B. Peitzman, MD, FACS
Distinguished Professor of Surgery
Mark M. Ravitch Professor and Vice-Chairman, Department of Surgery
UPMC Vice-President for Trauma and Surgical Services
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
10: Evaluation and Treatment of the Multi-Injured Trauma Patient
Elizabeth M. Polfer, MD
Department of Orthopaedics
William Beaumont Army Medical Center
El Paso, Texas; Department of Surgery
Uniformed Services University
Bethesda, Maryland
72: Amputations in Trauma
Benjamin K. Potter, MD
Department of Surgery
Uniformed Services University Department of Orthopaedics
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
Bethesda, Maryland
72: Amputations in Trauma
Daniel E. Prince, MD
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York
63: Malunions and Nonunions About the Knee
Rene Przkora, MD, PhD
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
15: Chronic Pain Management
Stefan Rammelt, MD, PhD
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Germany
68: Posttraumatic Reconstruction of the Foot and Ankle
Mark C. Reilly, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Rutgers–The State University of New Jersey
Newark, New Jersey
57: Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur
Noam Reshef, MD
Orthopaedic Surgeon
Orthopaedic Sports Services and Shoulder Surgery
Ziv Medical Center
Zefat, Israel
71: Limb Salvage and Reconstruction
Martinus Richter, MD, PhD
Department for Foot and Ankle Surgery Rummelsberg Hospital
Schwarzenbruck, Germany
67: Foot Injuries
David Ring, MD, PhD
Associate Dean for Comprehensive Care Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care
Dell Medical School—The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas
48: Fractures and Dislocations of the Clavicle
Craig S. Roberts, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Louisville, Kentucky
24: Diagnosis and Treatment of Complications
Mellisa Roskosky, PhD
Department of International Health
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Baltimore, Maryland
17: Compartment Syndromes
Milton Lee (Chip) Routt, Jr., MD
Professor
Andrew R. Burgess Endowed Chair
McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston
Houston, Texas
39: Surgical Treatment of Acetabular Fractures
Michael J. Roy, MD, MPH
COL (ret), U.S. Army
Professor of Medicine
Uniformed Services University
Bethesda, Maryland
28: Psychological, Social, and Functional Manifestations of Orthopaedic Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury
S. Robert Rozbruch, MD
Service Chief
Professor of Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery
New York, New York
27: Motorized Intramedullary Lengthening Nail for Limb Reconstruction
David E. Ruchelsman, MD, FAAOS
Chief, Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery
Director, Hand Surgery Research & Education Foundation
Clinical Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Tufts University School of Medicine
Consultant, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School
Newton, Massachusetts
40: Fractures and Dislocations of the Hand
Markus Rupp, MD
Department of Trauma Surgery
University Hospital Giessen–Marburg GmbH
Campus Giessen, Germany
25: Understanding and Treating Chronic Osteomyelitis
Glenn S. Russo, MD, MS
Connecticut Orthopaedic Specialists
Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Surgery
Frank H. Netter School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University
Hamden, Connecticut
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
Augusto Sarmiento, MD
Chairman Emeritus Orthopaedics
University of Miami
Miami, Florida
7: Closed Fracture Management
Adam A. Sassoon, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California
56: Posttraumatic Reconstruction of the Hip Joint
Jason W. Savage, MD Center for Spine Health
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
35: Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures
Jonathan G. Schoenecker, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Jeffrey W. Mast Chair in Orthopaedics, Trauma and Hip Surgery
Department of Orthopaedic, Pediatrics, Pathology and Pharmacology
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee
4: Vascularity and Stability: The Pillars of Fracture Healing
Patrick Schottel, MD
Assistant Professor
Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation University of Vermont College of Medicine
Burlington, Vermont
65: Fractures of the Tibial Pilon
Lisa K. Schroder, BSME, MBA
Director, Geriatric and Orthopaedic Trauma Academic Programs
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Minnesota & Regions Hospital Minneapolis, Minnesota
49: Scapula Fractures
Gregory D. Schroeder, MD
Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
33: Thoracolumbar Trauma
David Seligson, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Louisville, Kentucky
24: Diagnosis and Treatment of Complications
David W. Shearer, MD, MPH
Chief Resident
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, California
3: The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World
Yushane Celestine Shih, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
6: Biomechanics of Fractures
Michael S. Shuler, MD
Hand and Upper Extremity
Athens Orthopaedic Clinic
Athens, Georgia
17: Compartment Syndromes
Cameron Smith, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
14: The Management of Acute and Perioperative Pain Associated With Trauma and Surgery
Dale C. Smith, PhD
Professor of Military Medicine and History
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Bethesda, Maryland
1: The History of Trauma Care
Christoph Sommer, MD
Kantonsspital Graübunden
Graubünden, Switzerland
46: Fractures of the Humeral Shaft
David A. Spiegel, MD
Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Consultant in Orthopaedics
Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre for Disabled Children
Banepa, Nepal
3: The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World
Andre R. Spiguel, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Orthopaedic Oncology Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
21: Pathologic Fractures
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