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Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion
ELEVENTH EDITION
Stanley J. Nelson,
DDS, MS
Professor, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
Table of Contents
Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
1. Introduction to Dental Anatomy
Pretest Questions
Formation of the Dentitions (Overview)
Nomenclature
Formulae for Mammalian Teeth
Tooth Numbering Systems
Division Into Thirds, Line Angles, and Point Angles
Tooth Drawing and Carving
Measurement of Teeth
Summary
Pretest Answers
2. Development and Eruption of the Teeth
Pretest Questions
Clinical Considerations
Variability
Malformations
Chronology of Primary Dentition
Development and Eruption/Emergence of the Teeth
Dentitions
Neuromuscular Development
Transitional (Mixed) Dentition Period
Loss of Primary Teeth
Permanent Dentition
Size of Teeth
Dental Pulp
Cementoenamel Junction
Dental Age
Tooth Formation Standards
Chronologies of Human Dentition
Types of Chronologies
Stages of Tooth Formation
Age of Attainment
Age Prediction
Maturity Assessment
Duration of Root and Crown Formation
Summary of Chronologies
Sequence of Eruption
Estimating Time of Enamel Hypoplasia
Pretest Answers
3. The Primary (Deciduous) Teeth
Pretest Questions
Life Cycle
Importance of Primary Teeth
Nomenclature
Major Contrasts Between Primary and Permanent Teeth
Pulp Chambers and Pulp Canals
Detailed Description of Each Primary Tooth
Pretest Answers
4. Forensics, Comparative Anatomy, Geometries, and Form and Function
Pretest Questions
Forensic Dentistry
Comparative Dental Anatomy
Facial and Lingual Aspects of All Teeth
Summary of Schematic Outlines
Form and Function of the Permanent Dentition
Alignment, Contacts, and Occlusion
Pretest Answers
5. Orofacial Complex: Form and Function
Pretest Questions
Form and Function
Form Follows Function
Articulation of Teeth
Physiologic Form of the Teeth and Periodontium
Fundamental Curvatures
Proximal Contact Areas
Interproximal Spaces (Formed by Proximal Surfaces in Contact)
Embrasures (Spillways)
Contact Areas and Incisal and Occlusal Embrasures From the Labial and Buccal Aspect
Contact Areas and Labial, Buccal, and Lingual Embrasures From the Incisal and Occlusal Aspects
Facial and Lingual Contours at the Cervical Thirds (Cervical Ridges) and Lingual Contours at the Middle Thirds of Crowns
Height of Epithelial Attachment: Curvatures of the Cervical Lines (Cementoenamel Junction) Mesially and Distally
Pretest Answers
6. The Permanent Maxillary Incisors
Pretest Questions
Maxillary Central Incisor
Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Pretest Answers
7. The Permanent Mandibular Incisors
Pretest Questions
Mandibular Central Incisor
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Pretest Answers
8. The Permanent Canines: Maxillary and Mandibular
Pretest Questions
Maxillary Canine
Mandibular Canine
Pretest Answers
9. The Permanent Maxillary Premolars
Pretest Questions
Maxillary First Premolar
Maxillary Second Premolar
Pretest Answers
10. The Permanent Mandibular Premolars
Pretest Questions
Mandibular First Premolar
Mandibular Second Premolar
Pretest Answers
11. The Permanent Maxillary
Molars
Pretest Questions
Maxillary First Molar
Maxillary Second Molar
Maxillary Third Molar
Pretest Answers
12. The Permanent Mandibular Molars
Pretest Questions
Mandibular First Molar
Mandibular Second Molar
Mandibular Third Molar
Pretest Answers
13. Pulp Chambers and Canals
Pretest Questions
Pulp, Chamber, and Canals
Radiographs
Foramen
Demarcation of Pulp Cavity and Canal
Pulp Horns
Clinical Applications
Pulp Cavities of the Maxillary Teeth
Pulp Cavities of the Mandibular Teeth
Radiographs: Pulp Chamber and Canals
Crown and Root Fractures
Pretest Answers
14. Dento-Osseous Structures, Blood Vessels, and Nerves
Pretest Questions
The Maxillae
The Mandible
Arterial Supply to the Teeth
Nerve Supply to the Jaws and Teeth
Pretest Answers
15. The Temporomandibular Joints, Teeth, and Muscles and Their Functions
Pretest Questions
Temporomandibular Articulation
Muscles
Mandibular Movements and Muscle Activity
Pretest Answers
16. Occlusion
Pretest Questions
Concepts of Occlusion
Development of the Dentitions
Primary Dentition
Mixed (Transitional) Dentition
Permanent Dentition
Cusp, Fossa, and Marginal Ridge Relations
Lateral Occlusal Relations
Biomechanics of Chewing Function
Neurobehavioral Aspects of Occlusion
Oral Motor Behavior
Swallowing
Summary
Pretest Answers
17. Clinical Application of Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion
Pretest Questions
Instrument Design/Usage Relating to Dental Anatomy
Oral Surgery
Periodontics
Endodontics
Restorative Dentistry
Esthetics
Variant Anatomy
Occlusion
Pretest Answers
Appendix A. Review of Tooth Morphology
Appendix B. Tooth Traits of the Permanent Dentition
Index
Copyright
Elsevier
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
WHEELER’S DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND OCCLUSION, ELEVENTH EDITION
ISBN: 978-0-323-63878-4
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of
rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
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International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-63878-4
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Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
This edition is dedicated to my father, Charles S. Nelson, DDS
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