MassProductionofNanowire-Nylon FlexibleTransparentSmartWindows forPM2.5 Capture
Wei-RanHuang,1 ZhenHe,1 Jin-LongWang,1 Jian-WeiLiu,1,* andShu-HongYu1,2,*
SUMMARY
Designinglarge-areaflexibletransparentsmartwindowsforhigh-efficiencyindoorfineparticulate matter(PM2.5)captureisimportanttoguaranteesafeindoorenvironments.Inthisarticle,wedemonstratethatlarge-areafabricationofflexibletransparentAg-nylonmeshcanbeperformednotonlyto turntheindoorlightilluminationintensityasthermochromicsmartwindowsafteruniformlycoating withthermochromicdyebutalsotopurifyindoorairashigh-efficiencyPM2.5 filter.Ittakesonlyabout $15.03and20mintofabricate7.5-m2 Ag-nylonflexibletransparentwindowswithoutanymodificationwithasheetresistanceofaslowas8.87 U sq 1 andopticaltransmittanceof86.05%.AsanexcellentPMfilter(canberecycledafterPMfiltration),theremovalefficiencyisashighas99.65%andthe processingspeedishigh,whichcanreducethePM2.5 densityfromheavilypolluted(248 mg m 3,purplealert)togood(32.9 mg m 3,greenstatement)in50s.
INTRODUCTION
Flexibletransparentelectronicshavedrawngreatattentionbecauseoftheirexcellentperformancebothin mechanicalflexibilityandopticaltransmittance,whichwerewidelyusedinscreendisplay( Baeetal.,2010; Hanetal.,2014;Barietal.,2016 ),organiclight-emittingdiodes(Zhangetal.,2006;Wuetal.,2010;Lee etal.,2017 ),transparentsupercapacitors(Moonetal.,2017;Leeetal.,2016),flexibletransparentheaters ( Hongetal.,2015;Jietal.,2014 ),andsolarcells(Wangetal.,2008;Leeetal.,2012).Inrecentyears,awide scopeofstrategiesareavailabletoconstructflexibletransparentelectrodesforadvancedelectronics,such asthebubbletemplate(Tokunoetal.,2012),thecoffeeringeffecttemplate(Layanietal.,2009 ),polymer nanofibertemplate(Wuetal.,2013),nanowire(NW)assembly(Liuetal.,2013,2014),roll-to-rolltechniques ( Baeetal.,2010),inkjetprintingmethod( Jiangetal.,2016),andMayerrodcoating(Huetal.,2010).However,thesestrategiescanhardlymeettherequirementsofthemanymodernoptoelectronicdevices, becausetheirfabricationprocesseshighlyrelyonexpensivescientificequipmentorsophisticatedmaterial processingsteps.Inaddition,theseprocessesarecomplexwithhighcostandsmallarealimitation,which greatlylimittheirwideapplications.Forexample,deWithetal.reportedasolution-processedmethodto preparelarge-areagraphenefilmwithanareaof50cm2 forconductive,flexible,andtransparentelectrodes,whichshowedconductivityof800 U sq 1 andtransmittanceof45%at500nmwavelength( Arapov etal.,2015).Liuetal.reportedahexane-air-interface-inducedassemblymethodtoconstructgrapheneoxidefilmsforflexibleandtransparentelectrodeswithconductivityof476 U sq 1 andtransmittanceof76%at 550nm(50cm 2 )(Fanetal.,2015).
Meanwhile,nearlyallflexibletransparentelectrodesareconstructedbycoatingconductivenano-building blocks(nobleNWs,carbonnanotube,orgraphene)onflexiblesubstrates,whicharewindtight.Combining functionalnanoscalebuildingblockswithcommercialskeletonnotonlylowersthecostofapplicationbut alsodoesitinawaythatmanagestosolvethemajori ssuesinthefieldofnanoscienceandnanotechnology andacceleratesthepaceofpracticabilityinreality.Forexample,commercialspongewasselectedto combinewithnanomaterialsforoilspillremediation( Geetal.,2014).Inaddition,carboncloth(Liu etal.,2012)andgraphene-basedfibers( Zhouetal.,2018)werealwaysusedaselectrodesforbatteries andsupercapacitors.Thatis,NW-nylonmeshesaretransparent,flexible,andporous;havestrongaffinity toairpollutants;andthereforeshowhighremovalefficiencyatlowpressuredrop( Jeongetal.,2017).
Herein,wedevelopasimplestrategyforthefabricationoflarge-areaflexibletransparentthermochromic smartwindowsforhigh-efficiencyfineparticulatematter(PM2.5 )capture( Linetal.,2018;Liuetal.,2015).It takesonlyabout$15.03and20mintofabricate7.5-m2 Ag-nylonelectrodesinairwithoutanymodification
1DivisionofNanomaterials& Chemistry,HefeiNational LaboratoryforPhysical SciencesattheMicroscale, CASCenterforExcellencein Nanoscience,Collaborative InnovationCenterofSuzhou NanoScienceand Technology,Departmentof Chemistry,HefeiScience CenterofCAS,Universityof ScienceandTechnologyof China,Hefei230026,China 2LeadContact
*Correspondence: jwliu13@ustc.edu.cn (J.-W.L.), shyu@ustc.edu.cn (S.-H.Y.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci. 2019.01.014
iScience 12,333–341,February22,2019 ª 2019TheAuthors. ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 333
Figure1.FlexibleTransparentConductiveAg-NylonElectrodes
(A)Schematicillustrationofthefabrica tionofconductiveAg-nylonelectrodes.
(B)Photographofalarge-scaleconductivenylonmesh.Inset:photographofAgNWinkusingethanolasasolventwitha concentrationof3.92mgmL 1
(CandD)SEMimagesofAg-nylonmesheswithdifferentmagnifi cations.Inset:SEMimageofinitialnylonmesheswithout anyAgNWs.
havingasheetresistanceofaslowas8.87 U sq 1 with86.05%opticaltransmittance,anditiseasyforusto furtherexpandproduction(TableS1 in SupplementalInformation).Thetime-dependenttemperature profilesanduniformheatdistributionshowthattheobtainedAg-nylonelectrodescanbeusedasanideal intelligentthermochromicsmartwindowwithexcellentmechanicalstabilitywhoseperformanceremains stableevenafter10,000bendingcyclesofbendingtestwithaminimumbendingradiusof2.0mmand 1,000cyclesofstretchingdeformationwithmecha nicalstrainashighas10%.Inaddition,theAg-nylon electrodescanbeconstructedforPMfiltershowingaremovalefficiencyof99.65%andmaintainingstable evenaftrer100cyclesofPMfiltrationandcleaningprocess.
RESULTS
FabricationofAg-NylonElectrodes
Ourapproachforproducinglarge-areaAg-nylonNWelectrodesisthroughaone-stepcoatingprocessusingcommerciallyavailablenylonclothassubstrateandAgNWethanolsolutionasink,whichisillustratedin Figure1A(VideoS1 in SupplementalInformation).First,high-qualityAgNWswithdiameter60–80nmand length20 m m( FigureS1)weresynthesizedusingthepolyolgrowthprocessreportedpreviouslybyYang etal.withsomemodifications(Yangetal.,2011).Beforethefabricationprocedure,commercialnylon wascleanedwithalcoholandthenacetone,thensubjectedtoultrasonictreatmentfor30min,anddried at60 C.Subsequently,AgNWethanolsolutionwithaconcentrationof3.92mgmL 1 (insetof Figure1B) wasusedasaconductiveinktodyethenylonmeshtoconstructlarge-area(7.5m 2 )conductiveandtransparentelectrodes(Figure1B).AfterfullinfiltrationintheAgNWethanolsolution,thebarenylonmeshwas
graduallycoatedwithafilmofAgNWswithincreasingdippingcycles,owingtothehydrophilicsurfaceof boththenylonfiberandAgNWs.Fromscanningelectronmicroscopic(SEM)imagesin Figures1Cand1D, itisfoundthatthedistributionofAgNWsonthefiberisveryuniform.Thewholepreparationprocessis simpleandisfeasibletooperateinairatroomtemperature.Inaddition,itdoesnotneedspecialapparatus andissuitableformassproductionandpromotionwithlowcost(seeCostaccountingofAg-nylonelectrodesin SupplementalInformation).
OpticalTransmittanceandElectricalConductivityofAg-NylonElectrodes
TheopticaltransmittanceandelectricalconductivityoftheobtainedAg-nylonelectrodescanbeoptimized bycontrollingthedensityoftheAgNWcoatingonthesurfaceofthenylonskeletonbytuningthenumberof dip-coatingcyclesortheconcentrationo ftheAgNWsolution.Afterannealingat140 Cfor15min( Figures S2 and S3),thetransmittanceandsheet resistancewererecordedbyUV-2501PC/2550(ShimadzuCorporation,Japan)andPM5AnalyticalProbeSystem(CascadeMicrotech,Inc.)coupledwithaKeithley4200SCSin ametal-shieldedboxwithfour-pointprobesinwhichthesheetresistancevaluesweretheaverageof10 measurementsonthesamesample. Figure2AshowstheopticaltransmittanceoftheAg-nylonnetworks withtheAgNWinkconcentrationof3.92mgmL 1 fordifferentdippingcycles.Itiswellknownthat 550nmisthemeanwavelengthofvisiblelightandisthemostsensitivewavelengthregionforhuman beings.Theopticaltransmittanceofbarenylon meshwithoutanyAgNWcoatingisabout98.8%at 550nm.Duringthefirst10dippingcycles(cycles1,2,3,4,6,8,and10),thetransmittancechangedfrom 95.02%to92.79%,91.35%,88.20%,86.05%,83.54%,and81.40% ,respectively.Thecorrespondingelectrical conductivitiesoftheAg-nylonelectrodesduringthedippingprocessareshownintheinsetof Figures2A and2B.WithanincreaseindippingcyclesandkeepingtheconcentrationofAgNWinkconstant,the conductivitiesoftheAg-nylonelectrodesbecomehigher,showingagradualdropinthetransmittance duringthefirst10cycles.Forthesixthdip-coating cycleofAg-nylonmesh,thetransmittancewas86.05% whilethesheetresistancewas8.87 U sq 1 ,indicatingthattheconductiveAg-nylonelectrodescancombine excellenttransmittancewithlowsheetresistance,whicharemuchbetterthanthoseof80-nmindiumtinoxides(ITO,85%,62 U sq 1 )( Kimetal.,1999).TheelectricalconductivityoftheAg-nylonnetworkcanbealso tunedbychangingtheconcentrationoftheAgNWsolution( Figure2B).WhentheconcentrationoftheAg NWsolutionchangesfrom3.92mgmL 1 to12.08mgmL 1 ,thesheetresistanceofmeshcanachieve341.25 U sq 1 aftertwodip-coatingprocessesanddecreasesto1.40 U sq 1 quicklyin10dip-coatingcycles. Figure2CillustratesthechangeintransmittanceandconductivityofAg-nylonelectrodesasafunctionofthe masscontent.ItisfoundthatthetransmittanceandsheetresistancedecreasealmostlinearlywiththeincreaseofthemasscontentofAgNWs. Figure2Ddepictsthesheetresistanceversusopticaltransmittance (at550nm)oftheAg-nylontransparentconductiveelectrodesreportedhereandAgnetworkspreparedby otherdifferentmethods( Baeetal.,2010;Hanetal.,2014;Huetal.,2010;Guoetal.,2013).Itisindicatedthat theobtainedconductiveAg-nylonelectrodesachievebettertransmittanceandconductivitythanmany othermaterials,suchasAgNWelectrode(81.7%,38 U sq 1 )(Huetal.,2010 ),CuNWelectrode(78.1%, 23.3 U sq 1 )(Guoetal.,2013),andAunanomesh(82.5%,20 U sq 1)( Guoetal.,2014).
MechanisticInvestigationofAg-NylonElectrodes
Itiswellknownthatmechanicalflexibilityandstabilityaretwoimportantfactorsforthelonglifeofflexible transparentelectronics.TheobtainedAg-nylontransparentelectrodesexhibitaconstantresistance, whichshowsalmostnodegradationevenafter10,000cyclesoffatiguetestwithaminimumbendingradius of2.0mm,indicatingtheirexcellentmechanicalflexibilityandstability. Figure2Eshowsthattheresistance valuewasconstantduringthecyclicbendingtest,whichwascarriedoutwithahigh-precisionmechanical system(Instron5565A)andaKeithley4200SCSinaclean, metal-shieldedbox.Totestthestabilityofthe Ag-nylonflexibletransparentelectrodes,fatiguetestwascarriedoutin Figure2F,whichshowsgoodconductivitywithelectricalresistanceonlychangingfrom15.2to19.3 U aftermorethan10,000bendingcycles indicatingitsexcellentstabilityandreversibility. Moreover,theAg-nylontransparentelectrodesdepict outstandingstretchableproperties.ItwasfoundthatthestructureandresistanceoftheAg-nylontransparentelectrodesshownodegradationduringthe10%tensiondeformationevenafter1,000stretching cycles( FigureS4),whichisbetterthanthoseoftraditionalITOheaterandgraphene-basedheaters,which canonlyendure1.10%and4.0%tensilestrain,respectively(Kangetal.,2011).
IntelligentThermochromicWindow
Theintelligentthermochromicwindowcanchangeitscolorortransmittanceinresponsetothermalstimulus( ParkinandManning, 2006;Seebothetal.,2014 ).Koetal.evencombinedthethermochromicdyewith
Figure2.OpticalTransmittance,Elec tricalConductivity,andMechanicalPerformanceofAg-NylonElectrodes (A)OpticaltransmittanceoftheAg-nylonelectrodeswithdifferentdippingcycleswithAgNWsolutionconcentrationof 3.92mgmL 1.Fromtoptobottom,thenumbersofdippingcyclesare0,1,2,3,4,6,8,and10.Inset:current-voltage characteristicofconductiveAg-nylonelectrodeswithdifferentdippingcycles.
(B)SheetresistanceofconductiveAg-nylonelectrodesa safunctionofdifferentdip-coatingcycleswhenthe concentrationis3.92mgmL 1 and12.08mgmL 1
(C)SilvercontentasafunctionofsheetresistanceandopticaltransmittanceofAg-nylonelectrodes.
(D)Comparisonofsheetresistanceandtransmittancetakenfromourworkandotherreportedreferences.
(E)Electricalresistancechangeasafunctionofthedifferentdegreesofbendinginthefirstbendingcycleatabending radiusofupto2.0mm.Inset:schematicillustrationof thecyclicbendingtestundermechanicaldeformation.
(F)Ag-nylonelectrodeskeepstableduring10,000bendingcyc les.Inset:photographofflexibleconductivenylonmeshes completinganelectricalcircuitwithapowersourceandaredlight-emittingdiode.Errorbarscorrespondtotheaverage takenoveratleast30measurements.
biomimeticcolor-changingandsoftrobotics(Kimetal.,2018).Ag-nylonelectrodeswithhighheating efficiencywhenapplyingadirectvoltagewereselectedastheskeletontofabricatereversiblyflexiblethermochromicsmartwindowsbysprayingthermochromicdyedispersedinacetoneat60 C,asdemonstrated in Figure3.AfterdirectvoltageisappliedtotheAg-nylonelectrodes(R s =4.2 U sq 1 ,validheatingarea: 50mm 3 50mm),thesurfacetemperatureincreasesoverti meuntilreachingasteady-statetemperatureis reached,asshownin Figure3A.Itisfoundthathigherappliedvoltagesresultinfasterheatingrate,andthe steady-statetemperatureoftheAg-nylonconductivemeshincreasesobviouslywithaslightincreaseofthe appliedvoltagefromthetime-dependenttemperatureprofiles.Indetail,thesteady-statetemperature risesfrom33.3 C,42.6 C,54.4 C,71.0 C,82.5 Cto105.1 C,whenthecorrespondingappliedvoltages are1.0V,1.5V,2.0V,2.5V,3.0V,and3.5V,whichismuchsmallerthanthoseofmosttraditionalnanostructuredheaters,suchasgraphenefilm(60V)(Suietal.,2011),trilayergraphenefilm(30V)(Baeetal.,2012), single-walledcarbonnanotubefilm(12V)(Yoonetal.,2007),AgNWfilm(7V)(Kimetal.,2013),andAg
Figure3.Ag-NylonFlexibleTran sparentThermochromicWindows
(A)Time-dependenttemperatureprofilesofflexibletran sparentAg-nylonfilmswithdi fferentappliedvoltage.
(B)ReversibletemperatureswitchingoftheAg-nylonfilms.Inset:infraredpicturesbetweenheatingandcoolingstates.
(C)Enlargedplotsfrom6,000to9,000s.
(D)Illustrationofthethermochromicprocess.
(E–G)ThermochromicswitchingperformanceofAg-nylonwindows.(E)Responsetimeofasinglethermochromictest.(F)Thermochromicswitchingtest for 7,000s.(G)Enlargedplotsfrom1,700to2,500s.
NWs/PEDOT:PSSfilm(6V)(Jietal.,2014).Mostimportantly,theresponsetimefromroomtemperatureto thesteady-statetemperatureofAg-nylonelectrodes(50s)isshorterby83.33%thanthatofgraphene (300s)(Baeetal.,2012),by16.67%thanthatoftheAgNWs(60s)( Kimetal.,2013),andby50%than thatoftheAgNWs/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)film(100s)(Ji etal.,2014 ).TofurthercontroltheheatingpropertyoftheAg-nylonsubstrate,continuoussquare-wave voltagesareapplied,from1.0V,1.5V,2.0V,2.5V,3.0V,3.5Vto4.0V.Asexpected,thetemperatureexperiencesanorbitofregularechelonrisingasshownin FigureS5.Electricpulses(pulsewidth=60s,+3V) wereapplied,and Figures3Band3Cshowthatthedevicesgivefairlyreproducibleresultsforthehigh-and low-temperatureswitchingphenomena.Afterlong-timeswitchingcycles,thetemperatureoftheelectrode remainsuniforminthewholearea(insetof Figure3B)andisverysensitivetotheinputvoltage(dynamic responsetotemperature),showingnodegradation.In addition,asaversatilestrategy,variousAg-nylon electrodepatterns,suchasacircle,squarering,triangularring,andrectangularring,weredesigned showingauniformheatingperformanceandflexiblewaytomanipulatetheheatingarea(FigureS6).After uniformlycoatingwiththermochromicdye( FigureS7),theflexibleAg-nylonthermochromicfilmshows reversibletransmittanceswitchingwhentheinputvoltageisonandoff(Figure3D).Whenadirectvoltage of5.5Visapplied,ittakes30stochangeitscolorfromblacktowhite(orchangeblanktoblack)(Figure4 E, VideoS2 inSupplementalInformation),whichismuchfasterthanthepreviousreports,suchas
Figure4.PMFiltrationofFlexib leTransparentAg-nylonWindows
(A)AschematicdiagramillustratingthePMfiltrationprocess.
(B)OpticalphotographoftheexperimentalsetupforPMcapture.
(C)EvolutionofPM 2.5 densitiesinrealtimefrom0to30sunderanappliedvoltageof10V.
(D)EvolutionofPM 2.5 andPM 10 densitiesfrom30to120sunderthesamevoltage.
(E–G)SEMimagesofAg-nylonfilmasPMfilterfor(E)as-fabricated,(F )afterPMfiltration,and(G)aftercleaningprocess,respectively.
(H)CorrespondingFTIRspectraofas-fabricatedPMfilt er,PMfilterafterfiltration,andrecycledPMfilter. (I)RecycledPMfilterfor100cycles.
TiO2 (R)/VO2 (M)/TiO2 (A)multilayerfilm(180s)( Zhengetal.,2015),VO2 /TiNsmartcoatings(150s)(Hao etal.,2018),andsingle-wallednanotube/VO2 /micahierarchicalfilms(50s)(Chenetal.,2017a).Moreimportantly,fromthefirstcycletolong-timecycles( Figures3Fand3G),on-offratioremainsalmostconsistent (100%)withnodegradation,suggestingastab lereversiblethermochromicsmartwindow.
High-EfficiencyPM 2.5 Capture
Theobtainedlarge-areaAg-nylonthermochromicsmartwindowsalsoshowpotentialsforhigh-efficiency PM2.5 capture.Asweknow,particlepollutioninairisoneofthemostseriousissuesthatmaycause diseases,allergies,andalsodeathofhumansorotherlivingorganismssuchasanimalsandfoodcrops. ManynovelmethodshavebeenreportedtoreducethedensityofPMinair,suchasstaticelectricity adsorption( Jeongetal.,2017;Guetal.,2017;Hanetal.,2015),polymerfiberfiltration( Liuetal., 2015;Khalidetal.,2017;Xuetal.,2016;Zhangetal.,2016 ),andmetal-organicframeworkmaterials ( Chenetal.,2017b ).Seung’sgroupreportedaworkinthefieldofPM2.5 filtrationbyemployingthenegativeionizertoreducetheappliedvoltage(Jeongetal.,2017). Figures4Aand4BshowthePMfiltration processandexperimentalsetup,whiletheclose-upviewonthelowerrightin Figure4Bshowsthe transparentAg-nylonwindows.ThePMcountersensorsplacedattheleftandrightsidesofthechamber recordthePMdensityattheinletandoutlet,respectively.Inthecenterofthechamber,anegative ionizerwasplacedtochargethePM.TheflexibletransparentAg-nylonwindowsasPMfilterswere insertedatbothendsofthechambertocollectandremovePMintheair.Beforestartingtheexperiment,PMfilledtheleftsideofthechamberbyburningsandalwood.Then,sanderscontinuously
producedPMparticlestotheleftsideofthechambernearthenegativeionizer.Afterionizationbythe negativeionizer,astablevoltageof10VwasappliedtotheAg-nylonfilms. Figures4Cand4Dshowthe evolutionofPMdensitiesinrealtimeundertheappliedvoltageof10V.UsingourAg-nylonwindows,it takesonly10storeducethedensityofthePM2.5 from3,922 m g m 3 to922 mg m 3 .Moreimportantly, thePM2.5 densitywasreducedfromheavilypolluted(248 m g m 3 ,purplealert)togood(32.9 m g m 3 , greenstatement)afteronly50s(lessthan1min)whilethePM10 densitychangefollowedthesimilar trendsasshownin Figure4D.Asaresult,theefficiencyofAg-nylonwindowsforPMcapturewas morethan99.65%,whichisbetterthanthoseofnumerousreportedones,suchaspolymernanofiberfilter(98.69%)( Liuetal.,2015),ZIF-8@glasscloth(96.8%)(Chenetal.,2017b),blow-spinningofnanofibers (99%)( Khalidetal.,2017 ),andtriboelectricnanogeneratorenhancednanofiberairfilters(90.6%)(Gu etal.,2017 ).Ontheotherhand,theAg-nylonwindowscanberecycledafterPMfiltrationjustbycleaning intheethanolfor20minasshownin Figures4E–4G, S8,and S9.Anobviousyellowish-brownarea appearedatthecenterofAg-nylonelectrodeafterPMfiltrationanddisappearedafterthecleaning process( FigureS10).Thecollectedparticleswerecompletelyremovedbythesimplewashingprocess, whichwasfurtherconfirmedbythecorrespondingFouriertransforminfrared(FTIR)spectra(Figure4H) andX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopic(XPS)analysis( FigureS11).Itwasfoundthattheobviouslyweakenedsignalsfrom1,000cm 1 to1,200cm 1 inFTIRspectraandobviouslyweakenedC=Obondat287.7 eVandN-Cbondat399.5eVinXPSpatternswerereinforcedagainafterthewashingprocess.TheexcellentPMcaptureperformanceandreusabilityoftheAg-nylonwindowswerefurtherdemonstratedbythe long-timerecycling( Figure4I).After100cyclesofPM2.5 capture,theremovingefficiency(99.65%)and thesheetresistanceoftheAg-nylonwindowsremainedstablewithoutobviouspropertydegradation. Lastbutnotleast,thankstothemassproductionabilityoftheAg-nylonelectrodes,wecaneasilyexpand thespaceforPM2.5 removal.Forexample,a0.5 3 0.5-m 2 Ag-nylonwindowwasselectedtotreatair pollutioninalargecubewithsidelengthof0.5m( FigureS12)andtheefficiencywasstillashighas 99.48%,indicatingthatthesmartwindowsshowrealpotentialforindoorPM 2.5 capture.Asshownin FigureS13 ,flexibletransparentAg-nylonwindowsalsohaveaverylowpressuredropof14.43Paatgasvelocityof0.2m/s.ItensurestheexcellentventilationofPM2.5 captureindailylife.
DISCUSSION
Inconclusion,wedemonstrateaversatilestrategyforlarge-areafabricationofAg-nylonelectrode(7.5m2 ) in20minwithanopticaltransmittanceof86.05%andconductivityof8.87 U sq 1 forhigh-performance thermochromicsmartwindowsandPM2.5 capture.TheflexibletransparentandstretchableintelligentthermochromicsmartwindowwithuniformNWcoatingenablesreversiblecolorchangewithfastresponse timeunderlowdirectvoltagestimulus.Moreimportantly,thelarge-areaAg-nylonsmartwindowexhibits excellentPM2.5 removalperformancethatmainlycomesfromfourfeatures.First,ithasahighremovalefficiencyof99.65%.Ittakesonly50storeducethePM 2.5 densityfromheavilypolluted(248 mg m 3 ,purple alert)togood(32.9 m g m 3 ,greenstatement).Second,theAg-nylonwindowscanberecycledafterPM filtrationjustbydippinginethanolfor20min.Thereisnoremovalefficiencydegradationafter100cycles ofreuse.Third,itiseasytoexpandthespaceforPM2.5 capture;forexample,theremovalefficiencyremains upto99.48%whenthevolumeincreasesto0.5m 3 0.5m 3 0.5m.Finally,suchamaterialshowsexcellent mechanicalstability.Thestructureandperformanceremainstableevenafter10,000bendingcyclesof bendingtestwithaminimumbendingradiusof2.0mmand1,000cyclesofstretchingdeformationwith mechanicalstrainashighas10%.Thesuccessofthepresentdesignstrategyprovidesmorechoicesin developingnext-generationflexibletransparentsmartwindowsandairpollutionfilters.
LimitationsofStudy
WehavedesignedandfabricatedAg-nylonmeshe sasflexibletransparentsmartwindowsforPM 2.5 capture.AgNWsarenotverystableinairduetothereactionwithSelementintheatmosphere.The electrodeswouldbecomealittlepaleyellowafter1yearofexposuretoair.
METHODS
Allmethodscanbefoundintheaccompanying TransparentMethodssupplementalfile
SUPPLEMENTALINFORMATION
SupplementalInformationincludesTransparent Methods,13figures,1table,and2videosandcanbe foundwiththisarticleonlineat https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.isci.2019.01.014
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
WeacknowledgethefundingsupportfromtheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(grants 21761132008,21771168,21431006,51471157,and21403204),theFoundationforInnovativeResearch GroupsoftheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(grant21521001),KeyResearchProgramof FrontierSciences,CAS(grantQYZDJ-SSW-SLH036),t heNationalBasicResearchProgramofChina(grant 2014CB931800,2013CB931800),andtheUsers withExcellenceandScientific ResearchGrantofHefeiScienceCenterofCAS(2015HSC-UE007)andtheFundamentalResearchFundsfortheCentralUniversities (WK2100000005).ThisworkwaspartiallycarriedoutattheUSTCCenterforMicroandNanoscaleResearch andFabrication.
AUTHORCONTRIBUTIONS
S.-H.Y.conceivedanddesignedtheexperiments.S.-H.Y.andJ.-W.Lsupervisedtheresearch.W.-R.H.,Z.H., andJ.-L.W.carriedouttheexperimentsandcharacterizations.W.-R.H.,Z.H.,J.-L.W.,J.-W.L.,andS.-H.Y. analyzedthedataandco-wrotethemanuscript.
DECLARATIONOFINTERESTS
Theauthorsdeclarethattheyhavenoconflictsofinterestwiththecontentsofthisarticle.
Received:October26,2018
Revised:December23,2018
Accepted:January8,2019
Published:February22,2019
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forPM2.5 Capture
Wei-RanHuang,ZhenHe,Jin-LongWang,Jian-WeiLiu,andShu-HongYu
1. Table S1. Unit prices of the chemicals which have been used in our experiment, Related to Figure 1.
2. Cost accounting of Ag-nylon electrodes, Related to Figure 1.
The cost accounting in this manuscript includes the cost of chemicals, commercial nylon, labor and energy.
(1). the cost of energy. It take us 0.016 dollar for 180 W heating devices worked for about 1 h.
According to the Ag nanowire synthesis section mentioned above, it takes us 2.342 dollars for 1g Ag nanowires.
(2). the price of commercial nylon mesh was 0.137 dollar m-2.
(3). For the fabrication process of large-scale Ag-nylon mesh (7.5 m2), one people would spend 0.33 h to complete it and the labor cost was 1.43 dollars h-1 in Hefei.
(4). It takes 2.01 dollars to fabricate 1 m2 Ag-nylon electrodeswith the transmittance was 86.05% and conductivity of 8.87 Ω sq-1 which contains 0.769 g Ag nanowires.
Supplemental Figures
Figure S1. SEM image and XRD spectrum of Ag nanowires, Related to Figure 1. (a) SEM image of Ag nanowires. (b) XRD spectrum of Ag nanowires.
Figure S2. Influence of temperature and heating time on the conductivity of Ag-nylon electrodes, Related to Figure 2. (a) Sheet resistance of conductive Ag-nylon electrodes as a function of different temperature for 15 minutes. (b) Sheet resistance of conductive Ag-nylon electrodes as a function of different reaction time at 140 oC.
Figure S3. The SEM images of Ag-nylon electrode after 15 min annealing process under 140 oC, Related to Figure 2.
Figure S4. Resistance responses of 10% tensile strain as function of stretching cycles, Related to Figure 2.
Figure S5. Temperature profiles with consecutive inputs of regular square wave voltages from 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 V, Related to Figure 3. Inset is optical image of an Ag-nylon flexible transparent heaters.
Figure S6. The uniform heating performance of different conductive patterns, Related to Figure 3. (a, b) Optical images and infrared pictures of Ag-nylon patterns with the different shapes showing their uniform heat distribution and outstanding design flexibility.
Another random document with no related content on Scribd:
King.
Capt.—
King.—
(6thS.marchestocentrewithgun.)
Ah!—that’s our army, is it?—fine display! We’ve neverturned out finer than to-day. He might be larger.
He’s the only one Who knows the way to fire off that gun— It’s dangerous.
Indeed!—this man will suit; We want an army who knows how to shoot— You think he’s fierce?
Capt. He’s thirsting for the fight!
(To6thS.) You’re thirsting, ar’n’t you?
(Listeningintentlyto6thS.)
(TurningtoKING.) Yes!—he is!
King.— T hat’s right! And brave?
Capt.(To6thS.).—
King.
You’re brave?
(Listeningto6thS.) He says he longs for gore!
And when he’s got it?
Capt.(to6thS.).
King.
6thS. (timidly).
Capt.(toKING).—
King.
When you’ve got it?
(Listening—thentoKING.) More!!!
Ah! that’s a martial spirit fine to see; I’ve rarely known a bolder soul than he.
Dear Captain!
Ah!—excuse me— (Listeningto6thS.—thenaloud.) Very well!
(ToKING.)
Before he goes, he wishes you would tell The size and nature of this villain.
Don’t he know
Our wicked, treacherous, and hated foe?
This Ebenezer Riley, fierce and bad, Who roams about our country raving mad, Who’s cutting all our water pipes, and gas, And breaking all our French plate window glass: Upsetting all our hay-stacks—throwing stones, Destroying the wires of our telephones. We tell you we won’t stand it any more; And to make certain we have passed this law.
(KING unrollslargeproclamation.Music.ThenKingsings.)
King(spoken).—Section one!
No. 3.
(Sings.)
Nougat First the King of Pins, Hereditary monarch of this domain, (Aside.) (This is the way the law begins.) First!
(Quicklyandinmonotone.)
Whereas, A person calling himself Ebenezer Riley, has, by force and arms, cut the water pipes of our realm; cut the gas pipes of our realm; broken the window glass of our realm; upset the hay-stacks of our realm; frightened the women of our realm; prowled about our realm; and generally hurt, scared, damaged, terrified, and seriously deranged our realm;
Be it Resolved!
All.—Ebenezer Riley must be hanged!
(Telephonebellrings;—Kinggoesback C., andspeaksthroughit.)
King.—Hullo! Hullo! Hullo! Central office! Hey? Central office! Central office!!! (Aside.) (The central office is a little off his base.) Hey? Of course I did! Connect me with central barracks. Yes, they are too! Look in the Directory! Hey? Well, why didn’t you do it before? What’s that you say? I heard you!—you confounded—(Whispers in telephone.) What? You’d better pay attention to business, or I will. Hullo!—Central guard house and barracks! Of course it is.—Hey? Yes! Nougat First! Well, you’d better! Have you seen Ebenezer Riley this morning? Has he done anything in particular this A.M.? Can’t you understand? Has he done anything in particular this A.M.? Has-he-done-any-thing-in-par-tic-u-larthis-D.-A.-M.!! Well, why didn’t you say so—(By George!!) that’s the worst yet! Why didn’t you stop him? Get it mended, then, so that it willshoot. Oh, tell them to charge it. Yes, they will—they know me. Riley broke it?— (Oh! the villain!) He does, hey? Was he coming very rapidly? What? Oh! More indignities, more destruction! (Very angry.) I’ll fix him! (Smiles.) You don’t say so! Of course we can. Is he there now? (Laughs.) That’s the best I’ve heard yet. Well! Be sure that nobody wakes him. Hey? Oh! Good-bye. (Comesdown.) By George!
(Sings.) Whereas, This person aforesaid, calling himself Ebenezer Riley, has gone and been and laid himself down upon the lea side of a convenient haystack, and whereas he has with him only a broom handle and two bricks, and whereas, besides all this, he is fast asleep and snoring like mad;
Be it resolved:
All.—Ebenezer Riley must be hanged!
(WhileKING issingingenterCARA. andSASSY. L., whostand,listening L., back.)
Cara.(toSASSY.).—
What does this mean?
(ToKING.)
What do you mean, I say.
Oh, father dearest! tell me quick, I pray! What means this proclamation—what is wrong?
My former suitors here in raging throng;— Why is that regiment equipped for war? The reason why he scowls?
King. He thirsts for gore, For Riley gore, alas! with pain I tell, But Riley is behaving far from well.
Cara.
King.—
What has he done?
I’ll tell you by-and-by. But ’twon’t avail, for Riley’s doomed to die.
Cara.—
King(sobbing).—
Cara.
King.—
Cara.
King.
Capt.—
Oh, father dear, have pity! Oh, be kind,— With Ebenezer’s fortune I’mentwined. I beg—implore you—by yon heavenly dome, By all the stones of our ancestral home, By yonder moat, so full of little snakes, Which you delight to feed with buckwheat cakes.
(Kingweeps.)
He weeps! he yields!
My daughter, we relent; We will abandon our unjust intent;— But no!—the martial fire in us burns. We are a King! and nothing ever turns A sovereign from his purpose—we must go, But we will do it very, veryslow.
But if you find my Ebenezer dear?
We’ll capture him alive, and bring him here; If he will love you fondly, and behave, We’ll save him from a disagreeable grave. But if he won’t
Oh! that’s a kind papa; He willbehave—Ah! what a dear you are.
(KissesKING.)
But now, to action—captain!
King.
Capt.—
King.
Capt.
All ready?
Here! my Lord!
Yes! your Highness.
Give the word.
Attention comp’ny!—sure you understand, We’ll have a little prelude by the band, Who’ll play us one of their most martial psalms, Then march when I command you; (Aloud.) Shoulder arms!
(Bandplayspreludewithorchestra,andalsoaccompanimenttosong, 6thS.silentdrill.)
King.—
No. 4.
We go to death and carnage, And probably to wounds, But we shall take this band along, To play inspiring tunes; So do your duty bravely, And fight your very worst, For every deed will be observed By mighty Nougat First.
All.—
King.
All.
(Allmarktime.)
So forward march to glory, and honor, and fame,
So that we shall earn, when we return, A highly illustrious name. So forward march, to glory, and honor, and fame, So that we shall earn, when we return, A highly illustrious name.
(Marchaboutstageduringchorus.)
2dVerse.
This Riley is a bad one, The truth I will not hide, And when my daughter called him “sweet,” She obviously lied; But he who crushes him shall be Most richly reimbursed, By being made the son-in-law Of mighty Nougat First.
Ta ra—ta ra—ta ra—ta ra—ta ra— Chorus(sameasfirst.)
(Allkeepstepandmarch,atlastchorus.)
(ExeuntSUITORS R. gate,marchingandsinging, CARA. andSASSY. waving handkerchiefs.)
(KING marchesaroundbyhimself,singingloudly—goesto R. gate,turns andsays,)
King.
Cara.
I go to face the horrors of war, The horrors of war, Au-reservoir, (wavinghand.)
(ExitKING R. gate.)
(Pause.)
Ah me! I fear that trouble will arise, Though Ebenezer dear is twice the size Of that blood-thirsty army, still, he’sarmed And Ebenezer isn’t—if he’s harmed I don’t know what I’ll do—I’d like to know Why Ebenezer is behaving so; Before he drank that mixture he was good. And would have been so sweet I know he would.
(EnterPROFESSOR, slowly,carpet-bag,largecombandbrushunderhis arm,readingalargebook.)
Prof. (solil.)—
Cara.—
Prof.
Cara.—
Yes!—here it is—the very point I sought, All night I’ve read, and wrestled with great thought, And now I have it—Princess, where’s your pa.
My father, sir, has gone—
What!
Gone to war
’Gainst Mr. Riley—and I think he means To split and smash him into smithereens.
Prof.
To smithereens—to smithereens—Lost!! Lost!!
To think of all the time and thought he’s cost; I’d just discovered—here a recipe, By which to change him good as he should be
It’s just my luck.
Cara.—
Prof.
rve—
What have you found?
Obse
Guy Fawkes’s hair was parted in a curve, Dick Turpin’s parting, in a cue was hid, But probably, ’twas just like Captain Kidd, Whose hair was parted in a side-long course, Also the men who kidnapped Charlie Ross; Jeff Davis, Cettawayo, Robespierre,— All wicked men, thus parted wore their hair; You see the point—these wicked men defied Kind nature’s laws by parting on the side; George Washington’s was parted, so I’ve read,
Exactly in the middle of the head; Ben Franklin, Martin Luther, Newton, too, Mark Twain and Kit Columbus, Richelieu; Diogenes, Ben Butler, Cicero, Moody and Sankey, and others you well know. All these good men, without the barber’s art, Had hair which curled out from a centre part. Now, Riley’s hair is frizzled in a bang, Which places him among the wicked gang. I found this point within that ancient tome, And could have cured him with this brush and comb.
Cara.
Prof.—
Oh! try it, sir.
They’ve gone!
Cara. It’s not too late!
Oh! find my pa!
Prof.—
Cara.
I will, as sure as fate!
(ExitPROF., running,largegate R.)
Yes, he is right. (Lookingaroundaudience.) (Solil.) I see it everywhere! This side and middle parting of the hair. I see—(lookingaboutaudience)— That underneath each centre part There is a softness both of head and heart; And if a parting on the side there be, The head and heart is hard.
(Lookingabouttheaudience.)
Yes, so I see. Ah! if that dear Professor is in time, ’Twill save my love from danger—pa from crime.
I wonder why my Eben. rages so, That he to our caress returns a blow. That mixture was the cause of all this pain,
(LookingatSASSY., whocries.)
And trouble—why, you’re crying once again!
Sassy.
Cara.
Sassy.
Sassy.
Cara.
Sassy.—
Cara.
(Both.)
Oh, Princess! I have suffered for a week, And cannot stand it longer. I mustspeak! I did it!
Sassyfrass!
Oh, Princess dear! I must confess—my crime you now shall hear.
No. 5.
(Music.SASSY. comesforwardandsings.)
When Ebenezer’s vital senses Were lying ’round in little boxes, A-brooding over his offences, We entered the Professor’s den, For vengeance in our hearts was raging. With wicked zeal we wished to spoil The beauteous work that he was making— The grand result of years of toil.
(CARA. andSASSY. dancearoundtogether,bothweeping.)
What is this story I hear?
Pardon me, Princess dear!
Poor Ebenezer!
What shall I do?
Sassy.—
Heavy and troubled my heart; Sorry and gloomy my lot. Sad is my heart! Sad is my heart!
2dverse.
Upon a shelf we found the mixture, Containing all the preparation For making of the heart a fixture Secure in Ebenezer’s frame. We poured the mixture in a mortar. And then with vile and wicked art We did a thing we hadn’t oughter, We pounded in that Cinnamon Heart.
(Duet—sameasfirst—bothdancingandweeping.)
No. 6.
(Hurriedmusic—girlsstopexpectant, CARA. front R., SASSY. back L.—great noise enterKING, withbloodynose,overwall—runsacross.)
King.
Capt.
2dS.—
The foe! the foe! the foe! (Exitquickly, C. door—enterCAPT. insameway.)
Oh! what a dreadful blow!
(Exitsameway—enter2dSUITOR insameway.)
Ah! bitter, bitter woe! (Dropstindrum.)
(Exit C. door—enter3dS.)
3dS.
4thS.—
5thS.—
6thS.
Sassy.—
Cara.—
Tremendous overthrow!
(Exit C. door—enter4thS.)
We are pursued—I know! (Exit C. door—enter5thS.)
He’s right out there, below!
(Exit C. door—enter6thS.)
That old gun wouldn’t go! (Throwsdowngun,andexit C. door.)
I know that Ican go.
(Exit C. door.)
My beau! my beau! (Standswaiting.)
(Drawbridgeraisedfrominside—pause—thennoise,andEBEN. jumpsover wall,rushesto C., picksupgun,turnstocastleandspeaksfuriously.)
Eben.—
Hi yar! hoo raw! Where are those bloody wretches?
I very nearly had them in my clutches. Come out, you rascals! show your ugly faces, And I will pound you black and blue, like blazes.
Come out! Come out! You, Nougat 1st you coward!
You’re quicker far at running back, than forward.
Come out, I say! Send out that valiant army. Ho! send it out, I say!—it won’t alarm me. Why don’t it come? Perhaps it doesn’t care to. Ha! ha!—You dirty cowards, you don’t dare to. Come out, you crows!—you black and ugly jack-daws!
You can’t escape—that castle has no back doors.
I know it well—I’ve been about here often. Come out! Perhaps your arguments can soften
My righteous anger. Ha! why don’t you try it? My anger’s cheap—it’s possible to buy it. Yes! I’ll relent if bags of gold are showered. (Aside.) He hasn’t any gold. (Aloud.) Come out, you coward!
You won’t come out? I’ll drag you out and pound you Like that! and that! and that! and that! etc.
(Poundsontindrumadlib.withgun—knocksitaboutuntilinfrontof Cara.—seesher,andstopssuddenly.)
(Pause.)
(EBEN. andCARA. lookingateachother.) Cara.(softly).
My love! (Pause.) My love! Eben.(astonished).—
Cara.
Eben.
A spirit!!
Nay, my dear! I’m not a spirit—there’s no spirit here. I’m Caramella; still in love, and true To all the vows I plighted.
Ha! it’s you!!!
(SpringsatCARA., seizesherandbeginstosqueezeherinanger—likesit andchangesmanner.)
I’ll have yourblood, in spite of all appeals. I’ll squeeze you into shreds! (Aside.) How nice it feels.
(Business.PutsarmaroundCARA. ’S waist—bothcomedown.)
You can’t be Caramella—she was plain; And youare sweet: (Aside.) I’m going to squeeze again.
(EmbracesandkissesCARA.)
There! are you angry? Nay you smile at this. You seem to like it. Is it wrong to kiss? But though ’gainst worldly fashion or its law, I’ll brave the consequence, and kiss once more. But where?—your lips? Your cheek is softer far.
Your hair?—Your eyes are softer than your hair.
What shall I kiss? You like it?—then command.
Cara.(lookingat audience).—
Eben.
Cara.
Eben.—
Cara.—
Eben.—
Cara.
They’re looking at us.
Then I’ll kiss your hand.
(KneelsandkissesCARA. ’S hand.)
And this is Caramella; is she changed, Or have I been demented, mad, deranged? I didn’t like her manner; it appeared As if she thought I ought to be endeared Immediately to her; which, of course, I didn’t do.
Why not?
Oh! I felt cross.
I don’t like to be ordered here and there; I have too many troubles now to bear.
And have you troubles? Share them, dear, with me.
I’ve troubles, yes—particularly three; I’d like to find out by what moral right A lot of city swells come out to fight And chase me ’round the country—that’s the first.
And then I have a most infernalthirst, As if I’d eaten pepper, salt, or cinnamon,—
Eben.
Cara.
Eben.(aside).—
Cara.—
Eben.(starting).
Cara.
Eben.—
Ah! Cinnamon!!!
Yes, and when it’s once begun, The pain is terrible—so sharp and tart, With such a bad effect upon the heart A burning feeling—like a fiery flame. But worst of all mytroubles is my name.
Oh, I will share that!
Now what can she mean, How can she share that trouble—am I green? (Aloud.) No!—I suppose I’ll always be stared at
As “Ebenezer Riley”—think of that! It pains me—but the name is for a man. Youcouldn’t share a man’sname.
Yes, I can!
DearEbenezer! (Sweetly.)
Ah!—say that again; Thatsounds delightful!—thatdon’t give me pain;
That’s quitea pretty name!—Oh say it more, It never sounded beautiful before.
Oh!—Ebenezer. (Sweetly.)
Cara.(coyly).
Eben.—
Cara.—
Lovely!!—why, it’s fine, I wouldn’t knowthe name—it can’tbe mine, It’s much toogood—a little while ago, You said you’d share it—now I want to know How that can be?
By getting married!
Eben.—
We marry?—well, I rather like it now; Yes!—that’s a fine idea.
How?
Ah!—nowyou’re good, I’m very glad that you have understood; I was afraid you wouldn’t—now let’s talk Of our plans—and take a little walk; We have a pretty garden over there,
(Pointing L.)
It’s my especial property and care, And as we walk we will beguile the way By saying pretty things—
Yes!—so I say; I’ll whisper, first, those pretty things to thee, Then you must answer pretty things to me.
No. 7.
(Music.)
(EBEN. sings.)
Eben.
Eben.
A tender fragrance fills the air, The flowers bloom when thou art near; Rivulets stop to listen When thy sweet voice they hear. Rushing away with passion torn, Never at peace when thou art gone. But thou art here, Ah!—my dear. Never shall we parted be, Never a clouded sky; Never a shadow fall to thee, Never a troubled sigh!
(Interlude.)
2dVerse.
To thee—cold fate no ill can bring, The rose—no thorn, the bee—no sting, Melody fills all nature, Hoping to hear thee sing; Clashing aloud in accents mad, Weeping again when thou art sad; But thou art glad, Ah!—my dear! Never shall we parted be, Never a clouded sky, Never a shadow fall to thee, Never a troubled sigh.
(EBEN. holdsCARAMELLA’S hand—suddenlystarts—looksaround—sniffsand smellsandstartsaway.)
Eben.(furiously),—
I smell carbonic acid—phosphorus, That vile Professor!!
Cara.
Eben.
He can’t trouble us, He’s not here!
Well—perhaps I may be wrong, My sense of smelling, though, is very strong. Ah dearest. (Verytenderly.)
(Againchangesmanner—sniffsandsmells—startsback.)
(Violently.) Lager!!—I smell lager beer! That King—that coward Nougat has been here; I knowhe has!
Cara.
King(aside).
Cara.
Oh what a silly man, Now do be good and pleasant, if you can. I dream of you as charming—Ah! those dreams!
(EBEN. smilessweetly.)
That’s right—that’s how you look.
(KING looksoutofwindow.)
How sweet he seems.
(EBEN. andCARA. turnandseeKING.)
Eben.(satirically).—
Oh!—there’s Papa! (Joyfully.)
Yes!—there’s Papa!
Cara.
Oh— come!
Come down and see us—we are waiting.
King(doubtingly). Hum! !
(AsidetoCARA.) He’s safe?
Cara.— I’ve made of him a perfect cure.
Eben.(throughteeth.)
Oh yes!—
I’m cured! (Aside.) I have him this time, sure!!
(EBEN. picksupgun,andbeginstoturnbackcuffs KING leaveswindow.)
Cara.—
Eben.(satirically).
King.
Oh!—isn’t this delightful—here we are, All three united—you and I, and Pa.
Oh yes!—it’s very pleasant.
(EnterKING C. door—comesforwardveryblusteringly.)
Ah!—how do! How are you Riley—glad to welcome you. I didn’t know that you were here—before; Come, shake hands and be friends again!
Eben.(yelling).—
(TurnsandjumpsatKING withgun.)
I have you this time—lone and overpowered, And now I’ll give you fits—you bloody coward.
(ChasingandhittingKing.)
Cara.
King(running).—
Eben.(chasingandstriking KING).
Oh!—Ebenezer!!
Murder!!—help!!
Hoo—raw!!
King.
Capt.—
Cara.—
Eben.
(KING falls—EBENEZER strikesashespeaks.)
Take that!—and that!—and that!—and more! Take that!—and that!—and that!—(etc.adlib. until
(SUITORS rushin—captureEBEN. SUITORS sitonhim.)
(KING risesslowlyandrubshimself.)
Good gracious!—Oh!—my back.
We have him tight!
Don’t hurt him!
Let me go and I will fight The whole ungainly pack of you—let go
Unhand me!!
(Strugglestogetfree—risesbutisheldbySUITORS.)
King.— Silence!!
Cara.
Give him freedom.
King.— N
Just take him to the dungeon—let me see, The darkest and most dirty—forty-three— In forty-three secure him to the floor With irons—pound and kick him ’till he’s raw; Scrape him with files—put him upon the rack
Let’s see—what else—Oh—cauterize his back. That’s all I think
Cara.
Oh Father—Father!
King(toCapt.).— Go !!
(ExeuntCAPT. andSUITORS, leadingEBEN.—CARA. sinksdownsobbing.)
Cara.(startingup).—
King(aside).
I pray you Father
Here it comes—I know.
Cara.— Oh Father—dearest Father—hear me now,
I charge you, Father yes—by all your King(interrupting,and callingloudly).—
(Aside.) I’m not going to be wheedled over to mercy—if she charges me I know I’ll explode.
(EnterCapt.)
(Loudly.) Captain, I say—well—what do you Stand there looking at Why don’t you bring him out?
Capt.—
King.
Capt.—
Who—Riley?
Of course—Riley—who else should I mean—why don’t you obey me, sir? Bring him out!
Yes, sir.
King. Bring a block!
Capt.—
King.
Capt.—
Yes, sir.
Bring the executioner!
Yes, sir.
King (low). And captain, invite all the maids to the execution—25 cents a ticket—they’ll pay it. (Loud.) Well—why don’t you obey—do you
Captain!!
hear me?
(ExitCAPT., hurriedly.)
(KING walks up and down, mumbling to himself—CARA. sobbing down R.)
No. 8.
(Music.)
(EnterSUITORS withblock CAPTAIN standsatdoorandtakesticketsfrom maids.EnterEXECUTIONER withgreatpairofscissors—enterCHEMISTS leadingEBENEZER. Alltakepositions,viz.):
No. 9.
(Music.)
King.
This is a very unpleasant situation, But we must proceed without further hesitation. This isasgood a way as I knows—
All.—
Maids.
(Pointingtoscissors.)
To dispose of my foes!
(EXECUTIONER comesdownwithscissors.)
This isasgood a way This isasgood a way as he knows To dispose of his foes.
(Interlude.)
Oh! he’s going to have his head cut off Oh! how horrid he will look!
All.—
King.
Shish! shish! shish! shish!
Never more—no, never, can he have his Picture took. Never more—no, never, can he have his Picture took.
(EXECUTIONER preparestocutEBEN. ’S headoffwithscissors.)
Maids.—
Suitors.—
All.
Proceed!—why do you hesitate?
Oh! he’s going to begin! Oh! I wish we had the money back we Paid for our tickets.
Just look at him—
He’s going for to cut his head off! He’s going for to cut his head off!!
He’s going for to cut his head off!!!
(Allholdlastnote.)
(PROF. heardoutside.—allwaitexpectantholdingnote—enterPROF. hurriedly—jumpsoverwall—runstocentre—Tableau.)
No. 10.
Prof. Hold!
(Fast.) Never was a time when so fast I’ve had to travel, Jumping over ditches and tremendous heaps of gravel, Back yards, pits, and innumerable brick kilns, Coal bins, ash heaps, otherwise impregnable; Mud, dirt, wet and objectionable odors, Chemically mixed of asafœtida and sodas, Hedges, holes, apparently impossible, Striving to stop this horrible slaughter.
(Opensbook—pointingtoitsignificantly.)
(Slowly.) Omnesboni all good men. Inmedio—in the middle of the head. Capitam all the hair. Dividunt—they divide. Part their hair in the middle of the head—so
(Fast.) Putting this important observation into practice, The interesting and absorbing scientific fact is, If a person is too excitable, Send for a brush and comb. (Recit.) Just observe the demonstration of this point.
(TurnstoEBEN. takesoutcombandbrushandbeginstoparthishairin themiddlewhilesinging.)
Eben.—
Prof.
All.—
Prof.
All.—
King.
All.—
Eben.
All.—
Away away away! I tell you stand away!!
Now, Ebenezer, please be still.
Please be still—please be still.
And with this comb I’ll cure your ill.
Riley, please be still.
It’s pleasant, if you knew it.
Please be still—please be still.
I’d like to see you do it.
Riley, please be still.
Riley, please be still.
Riley, please be still.
(PROF. givesfinishingtouchestoEBEN. ’S hair—unbindshim EBEN. getsup —rubshiseyes—thengoesaroundshakinghandswhileothersare singing.)
Prof. Success!
