Sustainable food supply chains : planning, design, and control through interdisciplinary methodologi

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SustainableFoodSupplyChains

SustainableFoodSupply Chains

Planning,Design,andControlthrough

InterdisciplinaryMethodologies

AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna,Bologna,Italy

RiccardoManzini

AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna,Bologna,Italy

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Contributors

RiccardoAccorsi (1,61,83,115,131,145,201,277,293, 305,339,351),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering, AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna, Bologna,Italy

OmarAhumada (317),AutonomousUniversityof Occident,Culiacan,Mexico

RenzoAkkerman (105),OperationsResearchand LogisticsGroup,WageningenUniversity,Wageningen, TheNetherlands

GiuliaBaruffaldi (115,131,293),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—University ofBologna,Bologna,Italy

KlaraBa ˚ th (219),MicrobiologyandHygiene,RISE ResearchInstitutesofSweden,Gothenburg,Sweden

BehzadBehdani (167),OperationsResearchand Logistics,WageningenUniversity,Wageningen,The Netherlands

RajeevBhat (23),ERAChairforFood(By-)Products ValorizationTechnologies,EstonianUniversityofLife Sciences,Tartu,Estonia

JacquelineM.Bloemhof (159,167),OperationsResearch andLogistics,WageningenUniversity,Wageningen, TheNetherlands

MarcoBortolini (201,305,339),DepartmentofIndustrial Engineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—Universityof Bologna,Bologna,Italy

LauraBrenes-Peralta (249),DepartmentofAgricultural andFoodSciences,AlmaMaterStudiorum—University ofBologna,Bologna,Italy

ShawnCarver (237),FiddleheadTechnologyInc., Moncton,NB,Canada

FabioDeMenna (249),DepartmentofAgriculturaland FoodSciences,AlmaMaterStudiorum—Universityof Bologna,Bologna,Italy

FerruhErdogdu (83),DepartmentofFoodEngineering, AnkaraUniversity,Ankara,Turkey

YunFan (167),OperationsResearchandLogistics, WageningenUniversity,Wageningen,TheNetherlands

EmilioFerrari (1),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering, AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna, Bologna,Italy

AndreaGallo (201,339),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—Universityof Bologna,Bologna,Italy

MauroGamberi (305),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—Universityof Bologna,Bologna,Italy

FedericaGarbellini (351),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna, Bologna;CAMST—LaRistorazioneItalianaSoc.Coop. Ar.l.,VillanovadiCastenaso,Italy

RodolfoGarcı´a-Flores (261),CSIROData61,Melbourne, VIC,Australia

LauraGarcı´a-Herrero (249),DepartmentofAgricultural andFoodSciences,AlmaMaterStudiorum—University ofBologna,Bologna,Italy

FrancescaGiavolucci (351),DepartmentofIndustrial Engineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—Universityof Bologna,Bologna,Italy

ZhaneGoff (145),DepartmentofIndustrialandSystems Engineering,NorthernIllinoisUniversity,DeKalb,IL, UnitedStates

MalinGoransson (219),PackagingLogistics,Department ofDesignSciences,LundUniversity,Lund,Sweden

ChristianJames (185),FoodRefrigerationandProcess EngineeringResearchCentre(FRPERC),Grimsby Institute,Grimsby,UnitedKingdom

IviJoudu (23),ERAChairforFood(By-)ProductsValorizationTechnologies,EstonianUniversityofLifeSciences,Tartu,Estonia

PabloJuliano (261),CSIROAgricultureandFood,Melbourne,VIC,Australia

ArgyrisKanellopoulos (159),OperationsResearchand Logistics,WageningenUniversity,Wageningen,The Netherlands

SaraLimbo (49),DepartmentofFood,Environmentaland NutritionalSciences—DeFENS,Universita ` degliStudi diMilano,Milano,Italy

RiccardoManzini (1,115,131,201,293,351), DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna,Bologna,Italy

HolgerMeinke (39),TasmanianInstituteofAgriculture, UniversityofTasmania,Hobart,TAS,Australia

ChristineNguyen (145),DepartmentofIndustrialand SystemsEngineering,NorthernIllinoisUniversity, DeKalb,IL,UnitedStates

FredrikNilsson (219,293),PackagingLogistics, DepartmentofDesignSciences,LundUniversity,Lund, Sweden

MarcoPagani (249),DepartmentofAgriculturalandFood Sciences,AlmaMaterStudiorum—Universityof Bologna,Bologna,Italy

StefanoPenazzi (277),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna, Bologna,Italy;TheLogisticsInstitute,Universityof Hull,Hull,UnitedKingdom

KarolinaPetkovic (261),CSIROManufacturing,Clayton South,VIC,Australia

FotiosPetropoulos (237),SchoolofManagement,UniversityofBath,Bath,UnitedKingdom

LucianoPiergiovanni (49),DepartmentofFood,EnvironmentalandNutritionalSciences—DeFENS,Universita ` degliStudidiMilano,Milano,Italy

FrancescoPilati (131,305),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna, Bologna,Italy

DanieleSanti (131),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering, AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna, Bologna,Italy

FabrizioSarghini (83),DepartmentofAgriculture,UniversityofNaplesFedericoII,Naples,Italy

AndreaSegre ` (249),DepartmentofAgriculturalandFood Sciences,AlmaMaterStudiorum—Universityof Bologna,Bologna,Italy

HelenaM.Stellingwerf (159),OperationsResearchand Logistics,WageningenUniversity,Wageningen,The Netherlands

AlessandroTufano (115,351),DepartmentofIndustrial Engineering,AlmaMaterStudiorum—Universityof Bologna,Bologna,Italy

J.ReneVillalobos (317),InternationalLogisticsandProductivityImprovementLaboratory,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,AZ,UnitedStates

MatteoVittuari (249),DepartmentofAgriculturaland FoodSciences,AlmaMaterStudiorum—Universityof Bologna,Bologna,Italy

LucaVolpe (293),DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering, AlmaMaterStudiorum—UniversityofBologna, Bologna,Italy

Foreword

Thesustainableproductionanddistributionoffoodisoneofthemostcrucialproblems,ifnotthedefinitiveproblem,facing theworldtoday.Asourpopulationgrowsandstandardsoflivingrise,humanityisdevelopinganappetiteforfoodstuffs onceenjoyedbyonlyasubsetofwealthyconsumersindevelopednations.Supplychainsforallproductsarebecoming increasinglyfar-flungandcomplex,butthoseassociatedwithfoodmustsupporttheinsatiabledemandofconsumers orderingfromahuge,diversemenunolongerlimitedbylocaleandseason.Seeminglyinsignificantorbenignchoices mayleadtounintendedconsequences,especiallywithrespecttoenvironmentalandsocialissues:whocanforgethowconsumersinNorthAmericaandEuropedevelopingatasteforquinoareportedlyledtoshortagesandpriceincreasesinPeru andBolivia,effectivelyremovingwhatwasalocalnutritionalstaplefromtheplatesofAndeanfarmers?

Perhapswecangetbywithfewerclothesinourclosetsorshopforapparelatsecondhandstores,butthemantraof “reduce,reuse,andrecycle”islessapplicabletonutrition.Asystematicapproachtodesigning,implementing,and monitoringfoodsupplychains(FSCs)isrequired.BolognaisconsideredtheculinarycapitalofItaly,acountryrevered worldwideforitsedibletraditions,soitisappropriatethattheUniversityofBolognaishometotheFoodSupply ChainCenter,whichtakessuchanapproach.ThroughtheirworkattheCenterandtheirnumerouspublicationsandworkshops,Dr.AccorsiandDr.Manzinihavedevotedmuchoftheirprofessionallivestostudyingfoodsupplychainsystems, addressingtheimportantquestionsinacross-disciplinaryandinclusivemanner.Asdocumentedinamyriadofcase studies,theirindustrypartnershipshaveprovidedquantifiablebenefitstocompaniesandcooperativeswithinthefood sector,whiletheiractiverecruitmentandadvisingofstudentsisestablishinganewgenerationofFSCresearchers.

Thisbookrepresentstheirlatesteffortinthefield:theyhavecompiledandeditedtwodozenchapters,startingwiththe designofagriculturalsystemsandfinishingwiththedecisionsupporttoolsforspecificfoodsubsectors.Contributionsfrom expertsspanamultitudeofdisciplinesrangingfromagriculturalsciencetoeconomics.Thesecollectedworksarecurated andorderedtoinformacademicsandpractitionersalikeastohowtoasktherightquestions,useappropriatemodelstomake useofavailabledata,andtranslateresultsintopoliciesandotherrelevantdecisions.

DecisionSciences,SanFranciscoStateUniversity,CollegeofBusiness,SanFrancisco,CA,UnitedStates

SusanCholette

Preface

Theideabehindthisbookhasspecificroots:Milan,Julyof2015.TheUniversalExpositionishostedbytheItalian economiccapital,inthenorthofwhatisperhapsthemostrenownedcountryworldwideforfoodtraditionsandindustry. Overa6-monthperiod,morethan140participatingcountriesarecalledtoshowthebestoftheirtechnologyandbestpracticesinordertoofferaconcreteanswertoavitalquestion:howtoguaranteehealthy,safe,quality,andaffordablefoodfor everyone,whilerespectingtheplanetanditsequilibrium.Economicdevelopment,agriculture,energy,andsustainability issuescombinetotitletheExposition’smotto:“FeedingthePlanet,EnergyforLife.”

Thegovernments,citizens,andindustriesoftheentireplanetlookattheExpositionasagreatlearningandsharing opportunity,leadingeachofustoconsiderourselvespartofacommunityandtofacethehardchallengesahead,as Humanity.Foodandwaterwars,food-inducedmigrations,environmentandnaturalresourcesprotections,pollutions, intensiveagriculture,thedebatebetweenorganicversusGMOproducts,andland-usecontrolarejustafewexamples.

Thecentralroleoffoodinthewayweconceive,plan,anddesignoursocietyisthemainfindingoftheExpositionand thisencouragesnewchoicesforcitizens,students,scholarsandresearchers,practitioners,andpolicymakersaswell. Beyondthesecommonhopes,someotherpersonalandprivatepicturesandmemoriesarisefromthatevent.

MycolleaguesandIhadthechancetopresentattheExpositionsomepartsoftheresearchwedevelopedattheFood SupplyChainCenterattheUniversityofBologna(http://foodsupplychain.din.unibo.it/),whichfocusesonthecreationof decision-supporttoolsthataidthedesignofsustainablefoodsupplychain(FSC)operationsfromanindustrialengineering perspective.IntheeraoftheInternetofThings,virtualizationofphysicalprocessesandgamificationofreality,we developedauser-friendlyICTplatformintegratingtheentitiesactiveincommonfoodsupplyecosystemsandvirtualizing theflowsoffoodfromtheagriculturalphases,throughprocessingandtransformation,totheconsumermarket.Thistool (Accorsietal.,2017)aimsatenablingtheusers/plannerstoexperiencetheeffectofadecisiononagivenlinkofthenetwork tothewholefoodecosystem.Suchamethodiscalled gaming,becausetheusers/plannersplaytheleversofthenetworkand experiencetheimpactoftheirchoicesontheoverallsustainabilityoftheFSCasawholeecosystem.Wastegeneration, GHGemissionsgeneratedbyfoodproductionandtransportation,waterandenergyuse,andlaborinvolvementateachstage areaccountedforbythetoolasaresultofthedecisionoftheplanner,andresultsareshownthroughaneasyandcolorful dashboard.

Milan,Expo2015.Ashychild,encouragedbyhismum,playedthe FSCGame withus,simulatingandmeasuringthe impactsofhisdecisionsontheeconomic,environmental,andsocialsustainabilityofafoodecosystem.

That’swhatImostcarriedwithmefromtheUniversalExposition.Nottheshiningexhibitionstands,thehealthyand deliciousfoodswetasted,thespectaculardancesorfireworks,thesolemnspeechesfrompoliticians.Butanenthusiastic childplayingasthe“planneroftomorrow”attheglobalchallengesthathumanitywillhavetotackle:feedingtheplanetina sustainablemanner.

Tolearnfromthislessonandtoeducatenewclassesofplanners,newmultidisciplinarymethodologiesandsystemic approachesfortheplanninganddesignofsustainableFSCsmustbeintroducedandformulated.

Thisbookisintendedtocollectandlinkalonga fil-rouge somemodels,tools,andapproachescomingfromdifferent disciplines(i.e.,agriculturalscience,foodscience,industrialandmanufacturingengineering,operationsresearch,economics,packagingscience,transportationengineering)togetherinvolvedinthedesign,planning,andcontrolofFSCs andfoodecosystems.

Startingfromtheagriculturalsystemsandfollowingthephysicalflowandcycleoffoodalongprocessing,packing, storage,transportation,andconsumption,amodelingapproachisadoptedateachstageinordertoformulatepracticaltaxonomyframeworksandquantitativemodelssupportingaplannerindesign,planning,andcontrolfoodsystemsand operations.

Asaresult,thisbookoffersawideoverviewoftheissuesaffectingFSCsandseekstoprovidepracticalandeffective toolsfortheirmanagement.Givensuchanampleenvironment,therealizationofthisprojectwouldhavebeenimpossible

forusalonetocomplete.Wethusinvolvedanenthusiasticgroupofselectedexperts,whosescientificcontributionsshaped mostoftherecentliteratureinthefield.Aseditors,wespentmostofoureffortsinfillingthegapsamongthetopics,connectingthecontents,andreducingtheoverlapamongchapters.

Thisbookismainlyformasterstudentsandyoungresearchersbelongingtodifferentdisciplines(e.g.,agriculture,engineering,economics,computerscience,ormathematicsfaculties)butalsoformanagersandpractitionersofthefood industryandpolicymakerscalledtorulethesector,oranyonewhowantstobetterunderstandthedecisiondriversbehind thedesign,planning,andcontrolofsustainableFSCs.Wedonotexpecttohavecoveredalltheissuesandaspectsaffecting theagro-foodecosystems,butoureffortswentinthatdirection,andfuturevolumesmightcoverthestillunhandledtopics.

Iwarmlythankallthepeoplewhocontributedtothisproject,whichhasheavilyoccupiedmeoverthelast2years:the coauthorsandchaptercontributors,thecolleaguesoftheFoodandWineSupplyChainCouncil(FWSCC),theclosestcolleaguesandfriendsoftheDepartmentofIndustrialEngineeringatUniversityofBologna,thecompaniesinvolvedinmost oftheresearchprojectsweherebydisseminated,theofficersofthepublishinghouse,andthescholarsandresearcherswho havecontributedinthelastdecadetothestate-of-the-artofthefieldthathasinspiredandmotivateduseverysingleday.

Lastly,Iamgratefultomyfamilyforalltheirsupport,andparticularlytomywife,Debora,forherpatienceforthetimeI stolefromus.Idedicatethisbooktothemwithmuchlove.

Accorsi,R.,Bortolini,M.,Baruffaldi,G.,Pilati,F.,Ferrari,E.,2017.Internet-of-thingsparadigminfoodsupplychainscontrolandmanagement.Proc. Manuf.11,889–895.

RiccardoAccorsi

Sustainablefoodsupplychain:Planning, design,andcontrolthrough interdisciplinarymethodologies

Theagro-foodindustryisacentralandleadingsectoroftheworldeconomy(ManziniandAccorsi,2013).Insuchasector thebusinessopportunitiesarewide,asarethechallengestobefacedandtheenvironmentalandsocialexternalitiesto measureandmanage.By2050,fooddemandwillbedoubled,becauseoffurthergrowthoftheworldpopulationandlarger consumptionofanimalfood.Asaconsequence,foodsupplychains(FSCs)areexpandingaccordinglyandproductsare shippedacrosscountriesinvolvingseveralactors,responsibleforprocessing,storage,andtransportationoperations, followingatrendexpectedtoaccelerateinthefuture.TheintensificationofFSCprocessesrequiresinvestigationasto howsustainabletheseare,notjustforpractitionersandcompanies,butalsofortheenvironmentandsocietyasawhole (Accorsi,2019).

Althoughthereisanincreasingfocusofgovernmentsandauthoritiesonthefoodsector,thedesignofsustainableFSCs isindeedfarfromareality(Notarnicolaetal.,2017).Manyconcernsstillaffectthewell-knownthreepillarsofsustainabilityinthefoodsector.Thegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsfromfoodandbeverageproductionandtransportationand theireffectsonclimatechange(Salaetal.,2017),theexploitationofnaturalresourceslikewaterandsoil(Kummuetal., 2012),thecompetitionforlandbetweenfoodandbiofuels(Rathmannetal.,2010; Fischeretal.,2010a,b; Cobulogluand Buyuktahtakın,2015),theintensiveuseofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs),pesticides,andchemicalfertilizersvs. foodorganicmodels(Gerdesetal.,2012; Royetal.,2009; BoyeandArcand,2013; McLaughlinandKinzelback,2015), andthemanagementoffoodwaste(Garroneetal.,2014; LebersorgerandSchneider,2014; Aielloetal.,2014)arejustsome ofthemajorenvironmentalissuesaffectingfoodecosystems.Fromaneconomicperspective,volatileandunaffordable prices,bottlenecksandoperationalinefficiencies,andfoodlosses,aswellasfoodcontaminationandproductcounterfeiting,influencetheprofitabilityoffoodcompaniesandthebenefitsfortheactorsandthestakeholdersthroughoutthe supplychain.Furthermore,foodinsecurityinless-developedcountriesandtheimpactthatconsumers’habitsintherichest countrieshaveontheirownhealthresultsevidentlyinsocialissues,whoseobesityandfooddesert(Thomas,2010; Sadler etal.,2016)areclaimedeffects.

Althoughtheseissuesindependentlyaffecttheenvironmental,economic,andsocialdimensionsofsustainability,they mutuallyarisefromthelackofawarenessofwhatroletheoperationsplaythroughouttheFSCs,ofthewaytheseareimplementedandhowinterdependenttheyare,and,lastly,whichcosts,impacts,andexternalitiesresultfromeachsinglestage andprocessfromfarmtotable.

Whilealargebodyofliteratureindependentlyaddressesthesustainabilityofseveralfoodsupplychainprocessesand operations(Zhuetal.,2018; Accorsietal.,2018a),lessattentionisgiventointerdisciplinarymethodologiesattemptingthe economic,environmental,andsocialsustainabilityofthewholefoodecosystem.

Arisingfromtheassumptionthatlargerandmorecomplexfoodsupplychainsrequireadvancedskillsandmethodsable toembracetheirmultidisciplinarynature,thisbookcollectsmodels,taxonomyframeworks,quantitativemethods,andtools fromseveraldisciplineswithintheextendedfieldofFSCecosystemstoaddressdevelopmentandsustainabilitygoals.

Thisbook,intendedmainlyformasterstudentsandyoungresearchers,foodindustrymanagers,andpolicymakers,is organizedupona fil-rouge thatfollowsthephysicalflowoffoodfromthegrowerstotheconsumers.Thus,itinvolvesthe differentstagesoftheFSCandtreatstheirmainissuesthroughasetofpracticalmodelsandquantitativetoolsthatsupport decisionmaking.Thebookisorganizedinthreeparts:PartAintroducestheissuesaffectingthesustainabilityofFSCsand

definestheboundariesofafoodecosystem;thechaptersofPartBfollowthecycleoffoodfromfarmtoforkandprovide models,methods,andtoolsfortheplanningandmanagementofsuchstages;PartCfocusesonsomesignificantanddiffuse FSCswhoseimpactshavetobeproperlymanaged:fruitsandvegetables,catering,andthemeatindustries.Theoutlineof thisbookissummarizedin Table1

Where Table1 summarizestheissues,problems,andsupplychainphasefocusedonwithineachchapterandclassifies thedisciplinesinvolved, Fig.1 providesaschematicmapofthecontents.Theaimofthismapistoexemplifythephysical flowsoffoodfromfarms/cropstotheconsumers’tables,andtoshowthenumberofactorsinvolved,thenetworkoffacilitiesvisited,andthesetofentitiescontributingsomehowtothefoodecosystem.ThestepsandentitiesoftheFSCare exemplifiedinaschematicwayastheyappearchapterbychapterwhentheassociateddecision-supportmodelsareintroduced.Theauthorsencouragethereadertolookat Fig.1 asabattleshipboardandtoseethereferencestoitsentitiesaccordingly(e.g., G1 – aport).

Chapter1 definestheelementscomposingafoodecosystemthatgoesfromtheruralareastothedemandpoints.By doingthis,italsoformalizesstrategicplanningmodelsintendedforthelocationofsustainableFSCuses,thatis,crops(D2),

TABLE1 Thebookoutline

PartChapterGoals

PartA Chapter1 GivesasystemicdefinitionofaninclusiveFoodEcosystemfromthe growers/farmerstotheconsumersandformalizesstrategicmodelsto designsustainableFSCsinvolvingland-useallocationandnetwork infrastructureplanning.

Chapter2 SummarizesthemainissuesaffectingmodernFSCsandprovidesa taxonomyframeworktounderstandthechallengestobefaced.

PartB Chapter3 Providesamodelingframeworkforthemaindecisionproblemsaffecting agriculturalsystems,theirdesign,planning,andcoordination.

Chapter4 Introducesshelf-lifemodelsforthemanagementandcontroloffood processinganddistributionprocesses.

Chapter5 Discussestheroleofpackaginghierarchyinfoodproduct-package systemsandprovidesasupport-designtop-downprocedurefor multidisciplinaryandsustainablefoodpackagingsolutions.

Chapter6 Explorestheroleofadvancedcomputerizedapplications,mathematical models,andvirtualizationinthedesignofinnovativeandsustainable foodprimarypackagesolutions.

Chapter7 Focusingonfoodindustry,providesproductionplanningandscheduling modelstoincreaseefficiencyoffoodprocessingandtoreducelosses.

Chapter8 Focusingonfoodcateringindustry,providesready-to-practicemodelsto aidthedesignofproductionresourcesinafoodjob-shopsystem.

Chapter9 Overviewswhathappensalongstorageoperations,andillustrates modelsandtoolstomanagethewarehousingactivitiesofperishable products.

Chapter10 Introducesdecision-supportmodelsforthedesignoffooddistribution networks,andvehicleroutinganddeliverydispatching.

Chapter11 Focusesontheimpactofvehicleroutingincold-chainswiththeattempt ofimprovingthesustainabilityoffooddeliveries.

Chapter12 Overviewsthemainfoodtransportationsystemsandtechnologieswith practicalexamplesoftheimpactoftemperatures.

Chapter13 Providesataxonomyframeworkforthefoodconservation,refrigeration, andtransportationtechnologies.

Chapter14 Illustrateshowtouseclimate-controlledchamberstosimulatethe impactofenvironmentalstresses,occurringalongstorageand distribution,onthequalityoffoodproducts.

Involveddisciplines

Land-useplanning Operationsmanagement

Agriculturescience Foodscience

Agriculturescience Land-useplanning Operationsmanagement

Foodscience Foodengineering

Industrialengineering

Packagingscience

Packagingscience Mechanicalengineering Foodengineering

Operationsmanagement

Operationsmanagement

Foodscience Operationsmanagement

Operationsmanagement

Operationsmanagement

Operationsmanagement

Transportationscience

Packagingscience Mechanicalengineering

Transportationscience

Foodscience Packagingscience Operationsmanagement

TABLE1 Thebookoutline—cont’d

PartChapterGoals

Chapter15 Exemplifiestheadoptionofinformationandcommunicationtechnology (ICT)toolstoimprovethetransparencyofFSCoperationsandthesafety andqualityofdeliveredfood.

Chapter16 Providesforecastingmodelstomanagefooddemandproperlyandavoid losses.

Involveddisciplines

Foodscience

Packagingscience Operationsmanagement

Operationsmanagement Economics

Chapter17 Introducesthetopicoffoodlossesandwastewithataxonomy frameworkthatcoversnewpracticestoimprovesustainabilityofFSCs. Economics Policy

Chapter18 Providesdecision-supportmodelsforthemanagementandreductionof foodlossesalongFSCs.

Chapter19 Dealswiththelogisticsoffoodinurbansystemsandsuggestshowto connectruralareasandconsumersinasustainablemanner.

Chapter20 Focusesonthelogisticsoffoodpackagingandusescomputerizedtools tosupportthedesignofreusablepackagingnetworks.

Chapter21 SustainsthepenetrationofrenewableenergiestopowerFSCfacilities andoperationsbyprovidingastrategicdecision-supportmodelforan integratedsmart-gridandFSCnetwork.

PartC Chapter22 Presentsplanningtoolsforthecontrolandcoordinationofthesupply chainofseasonalproductssuchasfreshfruitsandvegetables.

Chapter23 Focusesonthesustainabilityofthemeatindustryandpresentsatactical decision-supportmodelforthemanagementofwasteandthe valorizationofby-product.

Chapter24 Illustratesthemainissuesofthefoodserviceindustry,andprovidesa support-decisionmethodfortheschedulingandplanningofmeals productionanddelivery.

Operationsmanagement

Land-useplanning Agriculturescience Energymanagement

Packagingscience Operationsmanagement

Land-useplanning Energymanagement Operationsmanagement

Agriculturescience Operationsmanagement

Operationsmanagement

Operationsmanagement

processingfacilities(J2),warehousingfacilities(L1),renewablepowerplants(H1),carbonplantings(I1),andtheallocationofdistributionflowsinbetweenwiththepurposeofmitigatingtheexternalitiesoftheFSC.Itisworthnoting howrenewablesandcarbonplantingsrespondtotheenvironmentalexternalitiesofFSCsastheyenableareductionin theimpactsandmitigatetheassociatedcarbonemissions(Accorsietal.,2016).

While Chapter2 overviewstheissuesandchallengesaffectingtheglobalFSC, Chapter3 focusesonthemainplanning problemsaffectingtheagriculturalsystems(B5-E6).

Chapter4 dealswithmodelsforthecontrolshelflifeandsafetydecayoffoodproductsalongdistributionprocesses, while Chapters5and6 focusontheroleofpackagingandexploreapproachesandmethodologyforthedesignofsustainablefoodpackagingsolutions(L1, 3-O1).

In Chapter7 themanagementandschedulingoffoodprocessingactivitiesintheproductionfacility(J2)areformalized throughanoperationalmathematicalmodel. Chapter8 dealswithtypicalproductionsystems(Q4),knownasfoodjob-shop (Tufanoetal.,2018),designedforthefoodserviceindustrythatserverestaurants,canteens,hospitals,andschools.This chapterintroducesquantitativemethodstoestablishtheadequatenumberofprocessingresourceswithinthefacilitylayout.

Chapter9 concernsthewarehousingactivities(M2)ofperishableproductsandprovidesdecision-supportmodelsand toolsforsafemanagement(seealso Accorsietal.,2018b).

In Chapter10,fooddistributionplanningmodels(J2-N2)areformalizedintermsofvehicleroutingandnetworkdesign problems.

Chapter11 (P2)exemplifiestheimpactofvehicleroutingmodelsonthesustainabilityofthecold-chain. Chapters12and13 overview(e.g., L1, F5, M3)transportationmodesandconservationsystemsusedforthestorageand distributionoffoodproducts.

Chapter14 illustratestheapplicationoftheclimate-controlledchambertosimulatetheimpactofenvironmentalstresses experiencedalongstorageandtransportation(L1, L3)onfoodandpackagequality(Manzinietal.,2017).

Mapofthebook’schapters.

FIG.1

In Chapter15 smartlabelsandotherinformationtechnologytools(L1, O1)areadoptedtoimprovethetransparencyof theFSCandtopreventfoodlosses.

Chapter16 looksattheretailer(Q1-Q2)andconsumers(R1)stagebyprovidingforecastingmodelsintendedforseasonalproductslikefood.

Thepurposeof Chapter17 istodiscussthedriversoffoodlossesandwasteandidentifystrategies,policy,andbehaviors topreventthem.

Tofurthersupporttheminimizationoflossesanddiscardedfood(H2), Chapter18 providestacticaloperationsmanagementmodelstoaidthedistributionoffreshproductsfromcrops(D5)toconsumers(H6).

Chapter19 isintendedtodesignthesustainableconfigurationofarural-urbanecosystem(O6-S10),including renewablefields(R9)andgreenareas(N8),wherefoodisproducedincropsanddeliveredtothecitydwellersbyminimizingtheoverallcarbonemissionsgeneratedbytransportationandmobility.

Chapter20 followsthereverseflowofreusablepackaging(O1)fromtheconsumerstothegrowersandsuggeststheuse ofintermodalitytoreducethecarbonemissionsfromtransportation.

Chapter21 providesstrategicnetworkdesignmodelstofostertheadoptionofrenewables(G3-H3)forpoweringFSC processes.Thelastchaptersfocusonspecificsupplychains.

Chapter22 formalizesmathematicalmodelstobettercoordinateagriculturalandlogisticsoperationsforfreshfruitsand vegetables(B5-E5).

Chapter23 dealswiththevalorizationofby-productsfromthemeatindustry(J5),and Chapter24 discussesthelayout designinjob-shopfacilitiesandthecontrolofrecipe-drivenproductionactivities(Q4)forthefoodcateringindustry.

Despitetheworkscollectedinthisbook,manycellsinthemapof Fig.1 stillneedtobefilledwithnewentities,processes,andrelatedsupport-decisionmethods,belongingtothewidefoodecosystem.Intheend,weleavewillingandcreativereadershopefullyinspiredbythesepagestobuilduponthismapandprovidesuggestionsandtopicsforfuturevolumes andeditions.

References

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