THE KIDNEY
VOLUME ONE
GLENN M. CHERTOW, MD, MPH
Norman S. Coplon/Satellite Healthcare Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Division of Nephrology
Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto, California
VALÉRIE A. LUYCKX, MBBCh, MSc
Affiliate Lecturer
Renal Division
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts; Institute of Biomedical Ethics and the History of Medicine University of Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
PHILIP A. MARSDEN, MD
Professor of Medicine
Elisabeth Hofmann Chair in Translational Research
Oreopoulos-Baxter Division Director of Nephrology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
KARL SKORECKI, MD, FRCP(C), FASN
Dean, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
Bar-Ilan University Safed, Israel
MAARTEN W. TAAL, MBChB, MMed, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP
Department of Renal Medicine
Royal Derby Hospital Derby, United Kingdom; Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham, United Kingdom
Special Assistant to the Editors WALTER G. WASSER, MD
Attending Physician, Division of Nephrology
Mayanei HaYeshua Medical Center
Bnei Brak, Israel; Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
Elsevier
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
BRENNER & RECTOR’S THE KIDNEY, ELEVENTH EDITION
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
Set ISBN: 978-0-323-53265-5
Volume 1 ISBN: 978-0-323-75933-5
Volume 2 ISBN: 978-0-323-75934-2
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Dedicated to
Barry M. Brenner, MD our mentor and role model, whose vision continues to challenge and inspire us and to
Joan Ryan for her patient stewardship of The Kidney through three wonderful editions
Andrew Advani, BSc, MBChB (Hons), PhD, FRCP(UK), FASN
Associate Professor of Medicine University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Todd Alexander, MD, PhD
Pediatric Nephrologist and Professor Department of Paediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Michael Allon, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology
University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
Gerald B. Appel, MD Professor of Clinical Medicine Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York
Suheir Assady, MD, PhD
Director, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
Colin Baigent, BMBCh, MA, MSc, FRCP, FFPH
Professor of Epidemiology Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Oxford, Great Britain
George L. Bakris, MD
Professor and Director American Heart Association Comprehensive Hypertension Center
Department of Medicine
University of Chicago Medicine Chicago, Illinois
Marisa Battistella, PharmD
Associate Professor
University Health Network/Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Contributors
Srinivasan Beddhu, MD Professor of Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah
Aminu K. Bello, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor/Nephrologist Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Theresa J. Berndt, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota
John F. Bertram, BSc, PhD, DSc Biomedicine Discovery Institute Development and Stem Cells Program Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash University Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Vivek Bhalla, MD
Assistant Professor Medicine/Nephrology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California
Daniel G. Bichet, MD Professor
Department of Medicine and Physiology University of Montreal; Nephrologist
Department of Medicine
Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal Montréal, Québec, Canada
Boris Bikbov, MD, PhD Researcher
Department of Renal Medicine Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
Detlef Bockenhauer, MD, PhD Professor Department of Renal Medicine
University College London; Doctor Department of Nephrology
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London, Great Britain
Alain Bonnardeaux, MD, PhD
Full Professor Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec, Canada
Josée Bouchard, MD, FRCPC
Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Nephrology
Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal University of Montréal Montréal, Québec, Canada
Richard M. Breyer, PhD Professor
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee
Stefan Broer, PhD
Research School of Biology
Australian National University Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Carlo Brugnara, MD
Department of Laboratory Medicine
Boston Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts
Catherine R. Butler, MD
Fellow
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology University of Washington Seattle, Washington
Héloise Cardinal, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec, Canada
Juan Jesús Carrero, Pharm, PhD Pharm, PhD Med, MBA
Professor
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
Daniel C. Cattran, MD Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
University Health Network; Senior Scientist
Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Tak Mao Daniel Chan, MBBS, MD
Chief of Nephrology Department of Medicine
University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Tara I. Chang, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology
Stanford University Palo Alto, California
Glenn M. Chertow, MD, MPH
Norman S. Coplon/Satellite Healthcare Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology
Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto, California
Andrew A. Chin, MD
Division of Nephrology
Department of Internal Medicine
University of California, Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, California
Yeoungjee Cho, MBBS(hons), FRACP, PhD Consultant Nephrologist Nephrology
Princess Alexandra Hospital; Clinical Trialist Australasian Kidney Trials Network University of Queensland Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Michel Chonchol, MD Professor of Medicine
Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center Aurora, Colorado
Marta Christov, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College Valhalla, New York
William L. Clapp, MD
Professor of Pathology, Director of Renal Pathology Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida
Rachel Becker Cohen, MD Institute of Pediatric Nephrology Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine Jerusalem, Israel
Kelsey Connelly, MD Faculty of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
H. Terence Cook, MB BS, FRCPath Professor of Renal Pathology Department of Medicine Imperial College London, Great Britain
Josef Coresh, MD, PhD Professor Epidemiology, Medicine and Biostatistics
Johns Hopkins University; Director
G.W. Comstock Center for Public Health and Prevention Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland
Ricardo Correa-Rotter, MD Head Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City, Mexico
Shawn E. Cowper, MD
Associate Professor of Dermatology and Pathology Department of Dermatology Yale University New Haven, Connecticut
Vivette D. D’Agati, MD Professor of Pathology
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Director, Renal Pathology Laboratory Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York
Kevin Damman, MD, PhD Doctor Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
Mogamat Razeen Davids, MBChB, FCP(SA), MMed Professor
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital Cape Town, South Africa
Sara Davison, BSc, MD, MSc Chief of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Aleksander Denic, MD Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
Bradley M. Denker, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine
Harvard Medical School; Clinical Chief Renal Division
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Chief of Nephrology
Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates Boston, Massachusetts
Thomas A. Depner, BS, MD Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine
University of California, Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, California
Thomas D. DuBose, Jr., MD Professor Emeritus of Medicine
Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Vinay A. Duddalwar, MD, FRCR Professor of Radiology and Urology Department of Radiology
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, California
Kai-Uwe Eckardt, MD Professor of Medicine Director of the Medical Department, Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine
Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
William J. Elliott, MD, PhD Professor of Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology
Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences; Head, Division of Pharmacology
Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences Yakima, Washington
David H. Ellison, MD Professor Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon
Ronald J. Falk, MD
Nan and Hugh Cullman Eminent Professor Chair, Department of Medicine Director, UNC Kidney Center Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Robert Andrew Fenton, BSc, MSc, PhD Professor of Molecular Cell Biology Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
Alessia Fornoni, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine and Chief Division of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Director Katz Family Drug Discovery Center Miami, Florida
Benjamin S. Freedman, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Pathology (Adjunct) and Department of Medicine
Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington
Yaacov Frishberg, MD
Institute of Pediatric Nephrology
Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Hebrew University Hadassah School of Medicine Jerusalem, Israel
Jørgen Frøkiaer, MD, DMSci Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
John W. Funder, MD, PhD, FRCP, FRACP Distinguished Scholar Hudson Institute and Monash University Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Amit X. Garg, MD Professor Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Western University Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences London, Ontario, Canada
Marc Ghannoum, MD Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Montreal, Verdun Hospital Montréal, Québec, Canada
Mohammed Benghanem Gharbi, MD
Nephrology Department
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca
University Hassan II of Casablanca Casablanca, Morocco
Richard E. Gilbert, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FACP, FRCPC
Professor
Department of Medicine
University of Toronto;
Head Division of Endocrinology
St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Richard J. Glassock, MD
Emeritus Professor
Department of Medicine
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California
Nimrit Goraya, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Program Director
Nephrology Fellowship Program
Baylor Scott and White Health Temple, Texas
Morgan E. Grams, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Division of Nephrology
Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland
Per Henrik Groop, MD, DMSc, FRCPE Professor Clinicum
University of Helsinki; Chief Physician
Abdominal Center Nephrology
Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki, Finland
Steven Habbous, MD
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Western University London, Ontario, Canada
Yoshio N. Hall, MD, MS
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine/Nephrology
University of Washington; Investigator
Kidney Research Institute | Medicine
University of Washington Seattle, Washington
Mitchell L. Halperin, MD, FRCPC, FRS
Emeritus Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine/Nephrology
St. Michaels Hospital
University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
L. Lee Hamm, MD
Senior Vice President and Dean Tulane University School of Medicine
New Orleans, Louisiana
Peter C. Harris, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
Raymond C. Harris, MD
Ann and Roscoe R. Robinson Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee
Richard Haynes, MB, BCh, MRCP(UK)
Clinical Research Fellow
Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford; Honorary Consultant Nephrologist Oxford Kidney Unit
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Oxford, Great Britain
Marie Josée Hébert, MD
Professor Vice-Rector of Research
Shire Chair in Nephrology, Transplantation and Renal Regeneration
Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec, Canada
William G. Herrington, MA, MBBS, MD, MRCP
Associate Professor and MRC-Kidney Research UK
Professor David Kerr Clinician Scientist MRC Population Health Research Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health Oxford, Great Britain
Ewout J. Hoorn, MD, PhD
Nephrologist and Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Transplantation
Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Thomas H. Hostetter, MD
Professor of Medicine and Vice Chairman for Research Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio
Susie L. Hu, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine Medicine, Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, Rhode Island
Tobias B. Huber, MD Professor Department of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
Hossein Jadvar, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, California
Edgar A. Jaimes, MD Chief, Renal Service Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York
Sarbjit Vanita Jassal, MD, MB, MRCP(UK), FRCPC Staff Nephrologist and Director, Geriatric Dialysis Program Division of Nephrology University Health Network; Professor of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J. Charles Jennette, MD
Kenneth M. Brinkhous Distinguished Professor and Chair Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine School of Medicine; Chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, UNC Hospitals; Executive Director, UNC Nephropathology Division University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina
David W. Johnson, MBBS (Hons), PhD, DMed(Res), FRACP, FASN Director of Nephrology Department of Nephrology Princess Alexandra Hospital; Deputy Chair Australasian Kidney Trials Network Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Kamel S. Kamel, MD, FRCP(C) St. Michael’s Hospital University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
S. Ananth Karumanchi, MD Professor of Medicine Director, Renovascular Research Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California
David Kavanagh, MD, PhD Professor of Complement Therapeutics National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Britain
Frieder Keller, MD, Prof. Dr. Med.
Internal Medicine
University Hospital
Ulm, Germany
Christine J. Ko, MD
Professor of Dermatology and Pathology
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut
Harbir Singh Kohli, MD, DM Professor Department of Nephrology
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
Chandigarh, Union Territory, India
Jay L. Koyner, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Section of Nephrology
University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois
Jordan Kreidberg, MD, PhD
Division of Nephrology
Boston Children’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Anoushka Krishnan, MBBS, FRACP
Department of Nephrology
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Rajiv Kumar, MD
Ruth and Vernon Taylor Professor of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Distinguished Medical Investigator, Chair Emeritus
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota
Gabrielle Lafreniere, MD, FRCPC
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Université Laval; Geriatrician Division of Geriatrics
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Québec, Quebec, Canada
Ngan N. Lam, MD, MSc
Doctor
Department of Medicine, Nephrology University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Martin J. Landray, PhD FRCP
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology
Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit
Nuffield Department of Population Health Oxford, Great Britain
Harold E. Layton, PhD Professor
Department of Mathematics
Duke University Durham, North Carolina
Timmy Lee, MD, MSPH
Associate Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
Colin R. Lenihan, MB BCh BAO, PhD
Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Nephrology
Stanford University Palo Alto, California
Krista L. Lentine, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine
Center for Abdominal Transplantation
Saint Louis University St. Louis, Missouri
Andrew S. Levey, MD
Chief Emeritus
William B. Schwartz Division of Nephrology
Tufts Medical Center; Professor of Medicine
Dr. Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman Professor Emeritus Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
Adeera Levin, BSc, MD, FRCPC Professor
Department of Medicine ( Nephrology) University of British Columbia; Director
BC Provincial Renal Agency Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Christoph Licht, MD
Pediatric Nephrologist
Department of Paediatrics
Senior Associate Scientist
Program in Cell Biology
Research Institute
The Hospital for Sick Children
Professor
Department of Paediatrics
University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Bengt Lindholm, MD, PhD
Adjunct Professor
Divisions of Baxter Novum and Renal Medicine
Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
Kathleen Liu, MD, PhD, MAS Assistant Professor
Divisions of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California
Valérie A. Luyckx, MBBCh, MSc
Affiliate Lecturer Renal Division
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts; Institute of Biomedical Ethics and the History of Medicine University of Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
David A. Maddox, PhD Professor Department of Internal Medicine
University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine; Senior Research Scientist (WOC) Research & Development Sioux Falls VA Health Care System Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Yoshiro Maezawa, MD, PhD
Department of Clinical Cell Biology & Medicine Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba, Japan
Gary R. Matzke, BS Pharm, PharmD Professor Emeritus Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia
Ivan D. Maya, MD
Associate Professor Department of Medicine University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida
Sharon E. Maynard, MD Associate Professor Department of Medicine Lehigh Valley Health Network
University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Allentown, Pennsylvania
James A. McCormick, MD
Associate Professor Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Oregon Health and Science University Portland, Oregon
Alicia Ann McDonough, PhD Professor
Integrative Anatomical Sciences
Department of Cell and Neurobiology Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, California
John J.V. McMurray, BSc(Hons), MB ChB(Hons), MD, FESC, FACC, FAHA
British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre University of Glasgow Glasgow, Scotland, Great Britain
Rajnish Mehrotra, MBBS, MD, MS
Section Head, Nephrology
Harborview Medical Center; Division of Nephrology University of Washington Seattle, Washington
Timothy W. Meyer, MD Professor
Department of Medicine
Stanford University Stanford, California; Staff Physician Department of Medicine
VA Palo Alto HCS Palo Alto, California
Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger, MD Professor
Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
Orson W. Moe, MD Professor
Department of Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology UT Southwestern Medical Center; Director
Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas
Karen M. Moritz, BSc, MSc, PhD
Child Health Research Centre and School of Biomedical Sciences
The University of Queensland St. Lucia, Australia
Alvin H. Moss, MD
Director
Center for Health Ethics and Law
West Virginia University; Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Section of Geriatrics, Palliative Medicine and Hospice West Virginia University
Morgantown, West Virginia
David B. Mount, MD
Clinical Chief
Renal Division
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts
Karen A. Munger, PhD
Chief, Research and Development
Sioux Falls VA Health Care System; Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of South Dakota Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Behzad Najafian, MD Associate Professor Department of Pathology University of Washington Seattle, Washington
Luis Gabriel Navar, PhD Professor and Chairman Department of Physiology
Tulane University
New Orleans, Louisiana
Robert G. Nelson, MD, PhD
Senior Investigator
Chief, Chronic Kidney Disease Section Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix, Arizona
Lindsay E. Nicolle, MD Professor Emeritus
Department of Internal Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Sanjay K. Nigam, MD
Nancy Kaehr Chair in Research Pediatrics, Medicine and Cellular Molecular Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California
Mark Douglas Okusa, MD
Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia
Paul M. Palevsky, MD
Chief, Renal Section VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Professor of Medicine and Clinical & Translational Science
Renal-Electrolyte Division Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Suetonia C. Palmer, MB ChB, PhD, FRACP Doctor Department of Medicine University of Otago Christchurch Christchurch, New Zealand
Suzanne L. Palmer, MD Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, California
Chirag R. Parikh, MD, PhD Director, Division of Nephrology
Ronald Peterson Professor of Medicine
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
David Pearce, MD Professor Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California
Aldo J. Peixoto, MD Professor of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)
Yale University School of Medicine; Clinical Chief, Section of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
William F. Pendergraft III, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Medicine University of North Carolina School of Medicine Cambridge, Massachusetts
Mark A. Perazella, MD, MS Professor of Medicine
Section of Nephrology
Yale University School of Medicine; Director, Acute Dialysis Services Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut
Norberto Perico, MD
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS Bergamo, Italy
Martin R. Pollak, MD Division of Nephrology
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Didier Portilla, MD Professor Department of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia
Susan E. Quaggin, MD Doctor
Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
Jai Radhakrishnan, MD, MS Professor of Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
Columbia University Medical Center; Clinical Chief Division of Nephrology
New York Presbyterian Hospital New York, New York
Rawi Ramadan, MD
Director, Medical Transplantation Unit Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
Heather N. Reich, MD, CM, PhD, FRCPC Nephrologist, Clinician Scientist Department of Nephrology University Health Network; Associate Professor Gabor Zellerman Chair in Nephrology Research Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Andrea Remuzzi, MD
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologicke Mario Negri IRCCS Bergamo, Italy
Giuseppe Remuzzi, MD, FRCP
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologicke Mario Negri IRCCS Bergamo, Italy; L. Sacco
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences University of Milan Milan, Italy
Leonardo V. Riella, MD, PhD
Associate Physician
Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Miquel C. Riella, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine
Catholic University of Parana, Brazil; Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Evangelic School of Medicine Curitiba, Brazil
Choni Rinat III, MD Institute of Pediatric Nephrology Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine Jerusalem, Israel
Darren M. Roberts, BPharm, MBBS, PhD, FRACP Visiting Medical Officer NSW Poisons Information Centre
Sydney Children’s Hospital Network; Staff Specialist Renal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
St Vincent’s Hospital; Conjoint Associate Professor University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Norman D. Rosenblum, MD Paediatric Nephrologist Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children; Senior Scientist Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology The Hospital for Sick Children; Professor Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Mitchell H. Rosner, MD Professor of Medicine Chair, Department of Medicine University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia
Andrew D. Rule, MD Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
Ernesto Sabath, MD Department of Natural Sciences Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro Queretaro, Mexico
Manish K. Saha, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Medicine
UNC Kidney Center
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Khashayar Sakhaee, MD
Laura Kim Pak Professor in Mineral Metabolism Research BeautiControl Cosmetics Inc.; Professor in Mineral Metabolism and Osteoporosis Chief, Division of Mineral Metabolism University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas
Vinay Sakhuja, MD
Director of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine
Max Hospital
Mohali, Punjab, India
Alan D. Salama, MBBS, PhD, FRCP UCL Centre for Nephrology
Royal Free Hospital London, United Kingdom
Jeff M. Sands, MD
Juha P. Kokko Professor of Medicine and Physiology Medicine—Renal Division
Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
Anjali Bhatt Saxena, MD
Director of Peritoneal Dialysis Department of Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center San Jose, California; Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Stanford University Stanford, California
Johannes Schlöndorff, MD Division of Nephrology
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Rizaldy Paz Scott, MS, PhD
Research Assistant Professor Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
Neil Sheerin, BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCP Professor of Nephrology Institute of Cellular Medicine
National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre
Newcastle University
Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Britain
Prableen Singh, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension University of California San Diego & VA San Diego Healthcare System
San Diego, California
Karl Skorecki, MD, FRCP(C), FASN
Dean, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
Bar-Ilan University
Safed, Israel
Itzchak N. Slotki, MD Director Division of Adult Nephrology
Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Associate Professor of Medicine
Hadassah Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
Miroslaw J. Smogorzewski, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine
University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California
William E. Smoyer, MD
Vice President and Director Center for Clinical and Translational Research Nationwide Children’s Hospital; Professor Department of Pediatrics
The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
Stuart M. Sprague, DO Chairperson, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Medicine
NorthShore University Health System Evanston, Illinois; Clinical Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
Peter Stenvinkel, MD, PhD, FENA Professor Department of Renal Medicine CLINTEC
Stockholm, Sweden
Jason R. Stubbs, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
The Kidney Institute
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas
Maarten W. Taal, MBChB, MMed, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP Department of Renal Medicine
Royal Derby Hospital Derby, United Kingdom; Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham, United Kingdom
Manjula Kurella Tamura, MD, MPH Professor Department of Medicine/Nephrology Stanford University Palo Alto, California
Jane C. Tan, MD, PhD Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford, California
Navdeep Tangri, MD, FRCPC, PhD University of Manitoba Department of Medicine
Chronic Disease Innovation Centre, Seven Oaks General Hospital Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Stephen C. Textor, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Ravi I. Thadhani, MD, MPH Chair, Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California
Scott Culver Thomson, MD Professor Department of Medicine University of California; Chief of Nephrology Section Department of Medicine VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, California
Kathryn Tinckam, MD, MMSc Associate Professor Division of Nephrology Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Vicente E. Torres, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
Volker Vallon, MD Professor
Division of Nephrology & Hypertension
Departments of Medicine & Pharmacology
University of California San Diego & VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, California
Joseph G. Verbalis, MD Professor Department of Medicine Georgetown University Washington, DC; Chief
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Georgetown University Hospital Washington, Maryland
Jill W. Verlander, DVM Scientist
Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation
University of Florida College of Medicine; Director College of Medicine Electron Microscopy Core Facility University of Florida Gainesville, Florida
Ron Wald, MDCM, MPH Staff Nephrologist Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital and the University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto, Ontario, Canada
I. David Weiner, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Functional Genomics
Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation University of Florida College of Medicine; Section Chief Nephrology and Hypertension Section NF/SGVHS Gainesville, Florida
Steven D. Weisbord, MD, MSc Staff Physician Renal Section
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Associate Professor of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science
Renal-Electrolyte Division University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Robert H. Weiss, MD Professor
Department of Nephrology
University of California, Davis Davis, California
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CHEMINS DE FER DE PARIS-LYON-MÉDITERRANÉE
Billets d’aller et retour collectifs
DÉLIVRÉS POUR LES
VILLES D’EAUX
DESSERVIES PAR LE RÉSEAU
P.-L.-M.
Il est délivré du 15 Mai au 15 Septembre, dans toutes les gares du réseau P.-L.-M., sous condition d’effectuer un parcours simple minimum de 150 kilomètres, aux familles d’au moins quatre personnes payant place entière et voyageant ensemble, des billets d’aller et retour collectifs de 1re , 2e et 3e classes, valables 33 jours pour les stations thermales suivantes: Aix (Aix-en-Provence), Aix-les-Bains (Aix-les-Bains, Marlioz), Baume-lesDames (Guillon), Besançon, Bollène-la-Croisière (Condorcet), BourbonLancy, Carpentras (Montbrun), Celle (Balaruc), Chambéry (Challes), Charbonnières, Clermont-Ferrand (Royat), Coudes (Saint-Neclaire), Digne, Divoune, Euzet-les-Bains, Evian-les-Bains, Genève (Champel), Grenoble (Uriage), Groisy-le-Plot-la-Caille, La Bastide-Saint-Laurent-les-Bains, Le Fayet-Saint-Gervais (Saint-Gervais-les-Bains), Lépin-Lac-d’Aiguebelette (La Bauche), Le Vigan (Cauvalat-lès-Vigan), Lons-le-Saunier, Manosque (Gréoulx), Menthon (Lac d’Annecy), Montélimar (Bondonneau), Montpellier (Brides), Pontcharra-sur-Bréda (Allevard), Pougues-les-Eaux, Rémilly (Saint-Honoré-les-Bains), Riom (Châtelguyon, Châteauneuf), Roanne (Saint-Alban), Sail-sous-Couzan, Saint-Georges-de-Commiers (La Motte), Saint-Julien-de-Cassagnas (Les Fumades), Saint-Martin-Sail-les-Bains (Sailles-Bains), Salins (Jura), Santenay, Sarrians-Montmirail, Sauve (Fonsangeles-Bains), Thonon-les-Bains, Vals-les-Bains-Labégude, Vandenesse-SaintHonoré-les-Bains, Vichy, Villefort (Bagnols).
Le prix s’obtient en ajoutant au prix de six billets simples (pour les trois premières personnes) le prix d’un billet simple pour la quatrième personne, la moitié de ce prix pour la cinquième et chacune des suivantes.
Arrêts facultatifs: Faire la demande de billets 4 jours à l’avance.
Voyages circulaires à coupons combinables
Sur le réseau P.-L.-M.
Il est délivré toute l’année, dans toutes les gares du réseau P.-L.-M., des carnets individuels ou de famille pour effectuer sur ce réseau en 1re , 2e et 3e classes, des voyages circulaires à itinéraire tracé par les voyageurs eux-mêmes, avec parcours d’au moins 300 kilomètres. Les prix de ces carnets comportent des réductions très importantes qui atteignent, pour les carnets de famille, 50 0/0 du Tarif général.
La validité de ces carnets est de 30 jours jusqu’à 1,500 kilomètres; 45 jours de 1,501 à 3,000 kilomètres; 60 jours pour plus de 3,000 kilomètres.
Faculté de prolongation, à deux reprises, de 15, 23 ou 30 jours suivant le cas, moyennant le paiement d’un supplément égal au 10 0/0 du prix total du carnet, pour chaque prolongation.
Arrêts facultatifs à toutes les gares situées sur l’itinéraire: Le délai de demande est réduit à 2 jours (dimanches et fêtes non compris) pour certaines grandes gares.
EXCURSIONS EN DAUPHINÉ
La Compagnie P.-L.-M., offre aux touristes et aux familles qui désirent se rendre dans le Dauphiné vers lequel les voyageurs se portent de plus en plus nombreux chaque année, diverses combinaisons de voyages circulaires à itinéraires fixes ou facultatifs permettant de visiter à des prix réduits, les parties les plus intéressantes de cette admirable région: La Grande Chartreuse, Les Gorges de la Bourne, Les Grands-Goulets,
Les Massifs d’Allevard et des Sept-Laux, la Route de Briançon, Les Massifs du Pelvoux, etc.
La nomenclature de ces voyages, avec prix et conditions, figure dans le Livret-Guide-Officiel P.-L.-M., qui est mis en vente au prix de 50 cent., dans les gares du réseau, ou envoyé contre 0 fr. 85 cent., en timbres-poste adressés au Service Central de l’Exploitation (Publicité), 20, boulevard Diderot, Paris (12e arr.)
