Contributors
Kashif Abad, MD
Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico Chronic Kidney Disease
Mustafa Abdul-Hussein, MD, MSCR
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Anthony Hospital, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Rodney D. Adam, MD
Professor of Pathology and Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya; Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona Giardiasis
Paul C. Adams, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Western Ontario; Gastroenterologist, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada Hemochromatosis
Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Plague
Lee Akst, MD
Director, Johns Hopkins Voice Center, Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland Hoarseness and Laryngitis
Kelley P. Anderson, MD
Adjunct Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Cardiology, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin Heart Block
Paul Andre, MD
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Tachycardias
Gregory M. Anstead, MD, PhD
Staff Physician, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital; Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas Coccidioidomycosis
Ann M. Aring, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University; Associate Program Director, Family Medicine Residency, OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions; Rhinosinusitis
Arash Arshi, MD
Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disease, OhioHealth, Columbus, Ohio Valvular Heart Disease
Danny Avalos, MD
Assistant Professor, Gastroenterology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine–Florida International University, Miami, Florida Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Cecilio M. Azar, MD
Associate in Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Bleeding Esophageal Varices
Amir Azarbal, MD
Cardiology Fellow, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, Vermont Pericarditis
Zachary J. Baeseman, MD, MPH
Associate Medical Director, ThedaCare Physicians, Wild Rose and Appleton, Wisconsin; Adjunct Professor of Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Adjunct Faculty of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Vaginal Bleeding in Pregnancy
Justin Bailey, MD
Associate Professor of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Director, Procedures Institute, Family Medicine Residency of Idaho, Boise, Idaho Gaseousness, Indigestion, Nausea, and Vomiting; Palpitations
Mandeep Bajaj, MD
Professor of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Hyperlipidemia
Vladimer Bakhutashvili, MD
West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Federico Balagué, MD
Médecin agree, Rheumatology, HFR Fribourg-hôpital cantonal, Fribourg, Switzerland Spine Pain
Bradley E. Barth, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas Burns
Gina M. Basello, DO
Vice Chair, Department of Family Medicine, Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Associate Director, Palliative Medicine, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center; Assistant Clinical Professor, Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York Fever
Renee M. Bassaly, DO
Division Director and Fellowship Director, Associate Professor, Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida Urinary Incontinence
Adel Bassily-Marcus, MD
Associate Professor, Surgical Critical Care, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York Targeted Temperature Management (Therapeutic Hypothermia)
Julie M. Baughn, MD
Consultant, Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Pediatric Sleep Disorders
Sheryl Beard, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Rhinitis
Aleksandr Belakovskiy, MD
Assistant Professor, Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Erectile Dysfunction
Ronen Ben-Ami, MD
Head, Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel Cat Scratch Disease
Hassan Bencheqroun, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California Pruritus
David I. Bernstein, MD
Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Jonathan A. Bernstein, MD
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio Anaphylaxis
Kristin Schmid Biggerstaff, MD, MS
Associate Professor, Opthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine; Glaucoma Staff, Eye Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas Glaucoma
Mitchell Birt, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas Osteomyelitis
Clara Bloomfield, MD†
Distinguished University Professor, William G. Pace III Professor of Cancer Research, Cancer Scholar and Senior Advisor, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Acute Leukemia in Adults
William Blum, MD
Professor and Director, Acute Leukemia Program, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Acute Leukemia in Adults
Diana Bolotin, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Director of Dermatologic Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Nonmelanoma Cancer of the Skin
Rachel A. Bonnema, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska Contraception
David Borenstein, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC Spine Pain
Christopher Bossart, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Osteoarthritis
Dee Ann Bragg, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita; Faculty, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency Program, Wichita, Kansas Rubella and Congenital Rubella
Scott Bragg, PharmD
Associate Professor, Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Science, Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy; Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Osteoporosis
Prasheda Bremjit, MD
Department of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Congestive Heart Failure
Sylvia L. Brice, MD
Clinical Professor of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado Viral Diseases of the Skin
John Brill, MD, MPH
Vice-President, Population Health, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Gonorrhea
Patricia D. Brown, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Associate Chief of Staff for Medicine, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan Pyelonephritis
†Deceased.
Patrick Brown, MD
Associate Professor of Oncology and Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Pediatric Leukemia Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Acute Leukemia in Children
Rachel Brown, MBBS
Professor and Chair, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Autism
Peter F. Buckley, MD
Dean, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University; Executive Vice President for Medical Affairs, VCU Health, Richmond, Virginia Schizophrenia
Sarah Burns, DO, MS
Assistant Professor, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico Acute Kidney Injury
Kenneth Byrd, DO
Assistant Professor, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Diego Cadavid, MD
Senior Vice President of Clinical Development, Fulcrum Therapeutics; Affiliate Instructor in Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, Massachusetts Relapsing Fever
Thomas R. Caraccio, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacist and Toxicologist, Pharmacy Department, New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York Medical Toxicology
Peter J. Carek, MD, MS
Professor and Chair, Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Osteoporosis
Andres F. Carrion, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida Cirrhosis
Amanda S. Cass, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee Lung Cancer
Donald O. Castell, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Anthony Peter Catinella, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center; Chair, Department of Family Medicine–Transmountain, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas Pulmonary Hypertension
William E. Cayley Jr., MD, MDiv
Adjunct Clinical Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Prevea Family Medicine Residency, Augusta and Eau Claire, Wisconsin Chest Pain
Sonia Cerquozzi, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Polycythemia Vera
Alvaro Cervera, MD, PhD
Consultant Neurologist, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, Australia Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
Rachel Chamberlain, MD
Associate Program Director, Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship, Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Osteoarthritis
Lawrence Chan, MD
Professor, Departments of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperlipidemia; Hyperprolactinemia
Miriam Chan, PharmD
Director of Pharmacy Education, Family Medicine Residency Program, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions; Popular Herbs and Nutritional Supplements
Zenas Chang, MD, MS
Assistant Professor, Gynecologic Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Ovarian Cancer
Jimmy Chen, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hospital Pediatrics, University of Florida–Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
Parenteral Fluid Therapy for Infants and Children
Lin Yee Chen, MBBS, MS
Professor, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota Atrial Fibrillation
Shingo Chihara, MD
Section of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington Anthrax
Meera Chitlur, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University; Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan; Barnhart-Lusher Hemostasis Research Endowed Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
Hemophilia and Related Conditions
viii
Saima Chohan, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Clinical Education, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, Arizona; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona Gout and Hyperuricemia
Jacob Christensen, DO
Family Medicine, University of Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Osteoarthritis
Kuang-Yuh Chyu, MD, PhD
Associate Director, Coronary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California Acute Myocardial Infarction
Joaquin E. Cigarroa, MD
Professor of Medicine, Clinical Chief, Knight Cardiovascular Institute; Division Head, Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon Congenital Heart Disease
Paul Cleland, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita; Associate Director, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita Sports Medicine Fellowship, Wichita, Kansas Heat-Related Illness
Matthew K. Cline, MD
MUSC Affiliate Professor (Anderson/Family Medicine), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Antepartum Care
Laura C. Coates, MBChB, PhD
Associate Professor, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Great Britain Psoriatic Arthritis
August Colenbrander, MD
Affiliate Senior Scientist, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center, Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California Vision Rehabilitation
Tracie C. Collins, MD, MPH, MHCDS
Dean and Professor, College of Population Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Peripheral Artery Disease
Ryan M. Commins, MD
Internal Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC High Altitude Illness
Christine Conageski, MD
Associate Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado Vulvar Neoplasia
John M. Conly, MD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Carlo Contini, MD
Full Professor of Infectious Diseases, Director of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Toxoplasmosis
Ashley Cooper, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Allison K. Cormier, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Treatment and Prevention
Michael L. Corriveau, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University School of Medicine; Pulmonologist, Chalmers P. Wylie VA Ambulatory Care Center, Columbus, Ohio Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Bart L. Cox, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Congestive Heart Failure
Burke A. Cunha, MD
Professor, State University of New York School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop–University Hospital, Mineola, New York Babesiosis; Viral and Mycoplasmal Pneumonias
Cheston B. Cunha, MD
Medical Director, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Infectious Disease Division, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Babesiosis; Viral and Mycoplasmal Pneumonias
Amy E. Curry, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita; Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Julia Dai, MD
Associate Professor, Director of Dermatologic Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Nonmelanoma Cancer of the Skin
Cori L. Daines, MD
Professor, Division Chief, Director, Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Center, Tucson Cystic Fibrosis Center; Director, Pediatric Pulmonary Center, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona Cystic Fibrosis
Oriana M. Damas, MD
Assistant Professor, Director of Translational Studies for the Crohn’s and Colitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Beth A. Damitz, MD
Associate Professor, Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Immunization Practices
Natalie C. Dattilo, PhD
Director of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Generalized Anxiety Disorder; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Raul Davaro, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts Smallpox; Whooping Cough
Kevin A. David, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Member, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
André de Leon, MD
Family Medicine/Sports Medicine, OhioHealth Primary Care and Pediatric Physicians, Delaware, Ohio Chronic Diarrhea
Tate de Leon, MD
Faculty, Family Medicine, Eisenhower Family Medicine Residency, Rancho Mirage, California Acute Diarrhea
Alexei O. DeCastro, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Osteoporosis
Katharine C. DeGeorge, MD, MS
Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Bacterial Pneumonia; Asthma in Children
Thomas G. DeLoughery, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pathology, and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon Hemolytic Anemias
Atul Deodhar, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon Axial Spondyloarthritis
Urmi Desai, MD, MS
Director, Foundations of Clinical Medicine Clerkships, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York Vulvovaginitis
Clio Dessinioti, MD, MSc, PhD
Dermatologist, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece Parasitic Diseases of the Skin
Michael P. Diamond, MD
Leon Henri Charbonnier Endowed Chair in Reproductive Endocrinology, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Associate Dean for Research, Medical College of Georgia; Senior Vice President for Research, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia Infertility
Geoffrey A. Donnan, MD
Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences; Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
John N. Dorsch, MD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Red Eye
Chad Douglas, MD, PharmD
Assistant Professor of Family and Preventive Medicine, Medical & Didactic Education Director, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Medical Director–OU Physicians Health and Wellness Clinic, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Erythema Multiforme
Shannon Dowler, MD
Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Asheville, North Carolina
Nongonococcal Urethritis
Douglas A. Drevets, MD
Professor and Chief, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Staff Physician, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Plague
Samuel C. Dudley Jr., MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Atrial Fibrillation
Peter R. Duggan, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Polycythemia Vera
Kim Eagle, MD
Albion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal Medicine, Director, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Angina Pectoris
Leigh M. Eck, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Program Director–Internal Medicine Residency Program, Vice Chair of GME–Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, Kansas Thyroiditis
Genevieve L. Egnatios, MD
Affiliated Dermatology, Scottsdale, Arizona Contact Dermatitis
Wissam El Atrouni, MD, MSc
Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City, Kansas Osteomyelitis
Dirk M. Elston, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Diseases of the Hair
John M. Embil, MD
Professor, Departments of Internal Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases) and Medical Microbiology, Consultant, Infectious Diseases, Director, BSc(Med) Program, University of Manitoba; Medical Director, Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Health Sciences Centre and Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Blastomycosis
Scott K. Epstein, MD
Dean for Educational Affairs and Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Acute Respiratory Failure
Susan Evans, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center Iron Deficiency Anemia
Andrew M. Evens, DO, MSc
Professor of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Associate Director for Clinical Services, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Director, Lymphoma Program, Division of Blood Disorders, Medical Director, Oncology Service Line, RWJBarnabas Health, New Brunswick, New Jersey Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
J. Barry Fagan, MD
Service Chief, Specialty Medicine, Central Ohio VA Healthcare System, Columbus, Ohio
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Anna Faris, MD
Resident Physician, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract
Anthony J. Faugno III, MD
Instructor in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Acute Respiratory Failure
Kinder Fayssoux, MD
Center for Family Medicine, Eisenhower Medical Associates, La Quinta, California
Bacterial Infections of the Urinary Tract in Women
Dorianne Feldman, MD, MSPT
Medical Director, Inpatient Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Rehabilitation of the Stroke Patient
Terry D. Fife, MD
Director, Otoneurology and Balance Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona Ménière’s Disease
David J. Finley, MD
Co-Director, Complex Airway Program, Surgeon, Thoracic Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Pleural Effusions and Empyema
Jonathon Firnhaber, MD, MAEd, MBA
Residency Program Director, Department of Family Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Diseases of the Nail
William E. Fisher, MD
Professor, Clinical Vice-Chair and Chief, Division of General Surgery, George L. Jordan, MD Chair of General Surgery, Vice Chair, Clinical Affairs, Director, Elkins Pancreas Center, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Chief, Surgery Service Line, Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center, Houston, Texas Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
Maria Fleseriu, MD
Professor of Medicine and Neurological Surgery, Director of Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon Adrenocortical Insufficiency; Hypopituitarism
Donald C. Fletcher, MD
Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas Vision Rehabilitation
Sarah Forsberg, PsyD
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Eating Disorders
Jeffrey Michael Foster, DO
Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Medicine, Saint Luke’s Hospital of Kansas City; Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri Fibromyalgia
Jennifer Frank, MD
Chief Medical Officer, Clinically Integrated Network, Theda Care Physicians, Neenah, Wisconsin Syphilis
Ellen W. Freeman, PhD
Research Professor, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Premenstrual Syndrome
Ruchi Gaba, MD
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Hyperaldosteronism
Melissa Gaines, MD
Cox Senior Health, Geriatrics Division, Springfield, Missouri Constipation
Marc G. Ghany, MD, MHSc
Clinical Research Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Hepatitis A, B, D, and E
Muhammad Ahmad Ghazi, MD
Family Physician, Jacksonville, Florida Pruritus Ani and Vulvae
Geoffrey Gibney, MD
Co-Leader Melanoma Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC Melanoma
Donald L. Gilbert, MD, MS
Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Karissa Gilchrist, MD
Instructor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas
Bacterial Diseases of the Skin
Erin A. Gillaspie, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Thoracic Surgery, Head of Thoracic Surgery Robotics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee Lung Cancer
Tarvinder Gilotra, MD
Department of Infectious Disease, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York Intestinal Parasites
Mark T. Gladwin, MD
Jack D. Myers Distinguished Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, Director, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Sickle Cell Disease
Stephen J. Gluckman, MD
Professor of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Andrew W. Goddard, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; Fresno Medical Education & Research Program, San Francisco, California
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Kyle Goerl, MD
Team Physician, Kansas State University Athletics; Sports and Family Medicine, Lafene Health Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Bursitis and Tendinopathy
Mark S. Gold, MD
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Drug Use Disorders
Joshua N. Goldstein, MD, PhD
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School; MGH Endowed Professor of Emergency Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Marlis González-Fernández, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Orthopaedic Surgery, Vice Chair, Clinical Affairs, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Rehabilitation of the Stroke Patient
Gregory Goodwin, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Senior Associate Physician in Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Diabetes Mellitus in Children
Aidar R. Gosmanov, MD, PhD, DMSc
Chief, Endocrinology Section, Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Luigi Gradoni, PhD
Research Director, Unit of Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy Leishmaniasis
Timothy P. Graham, MD
Program Director, Mount Carmel Family Medicine Residency; Chair, Department of Family Medicine, Mount Carmel St. Ann’s Hospital, Westerville, Ohio Hypertension
Jane M. Grant-Kels, MD
Professor of Dermatology, Pathology and Pediatrics, Founding Chair Emeritus and Vice Chair, Department of Dermatology, Director, the Cutaneous Oncology Center and Melanoma Program, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut Nevi
Kristine Grdinovac, MD
The University of Kansas Healthcare System, Section of Endocrinology, Kansas City, Kansas Diabetes Mellitus in Adults
Leslie A. Greenberg, MD
Associate Professor of Family and Community Medicine, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine; Assistant Program Director, University of Nevada Reno Family Medicine Residency Program, Reno, Nevada Keloids
William M. Greene, MD
Associate Professor, Addiction Medicine Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida Drug Use Disorders
Joseph Greensher, MD
Medical Director and Associate Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Long Island Regional Poison and Drug Information Center, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Professor of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University Medical Center School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York Medical Toxicology
David S. Gregory, MD
Faculty Physician, Virginia Tech–Carilion Clinic Family Medicine Residency, Roanoke, Virginia; Assistant Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Associate Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Resuscitation of the Newborn
Justin Greiwe, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio Anaphylaxis
Tawanda Gumbo, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School; Attending Physician, Parkland Memorial Hospital and University Hospital–St. Paul, Dallas, Texas Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases
Melissa Hague, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas
Female Sexual Dysfunction
Rebat M. Halder, MD
Professor Emeritus and Chair Emeritus, Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC Pigmentary Disorders
Alan M. Hall, MD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Divisions of Hospital Medicine and Hospital Pediatrics, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky Parenteral Fluid Therapy for Infants and Children
Ronald Hall II, PharmD, MSCS
Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases
Lynn E. Harman, MD
Department of Surgery and Ophthalmology, James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, Florida Dry Eye Syndrome; Uveitis
Kari R. Harris, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Adolescent Health
Taylor B. Harrison, MD
Associate Professor, Neuromuscular Division, Program Director, Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship, Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Myasthenia Gravis
Adam L. Hartman, MD
Program Director, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Epilepsy in Infants and Children
James W. Haynes, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Family Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center College of Medicine–Chattanooga; Family Medicine, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, Tennessee Uterine Leiomyoma
Joel J. Heidelbaugh, MD
Clinical Professor, Departments of Family Medicine and Urology, Medical Education and Clerkship Director, Department of Family Medicine, Director, Patients and Populations Branch, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan Erectile Dysfunction
Stacey A. Hinderliter, MD
Associate Director, Riverside Brentwood Family Medicine Residency, Newport News, Virginia; Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia; Clinical Assistant Professor, Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University–Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia Resuscitation of the Newborn
Molly A. Hinshaw, MD
Associate Professor of Dermatology, Section Chief of Dermatopathology, Director of Dermatology Nail Clinic, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Dermatopathology Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin
Connective Tissue Disorders; Cutaneous Vasculitis
Brandon Hockenberry, MD
Sports Medicine Physician, Renown Sports Medicine, Reno, Nevada
Sports-Related Head Injuries
Raymond J. Hohl, MD, PhD
Director, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania Thalassemia
Therese Holguin, MD
Assistant Professor of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Fungal Infections of the Skin
Sarah A. Holstein, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska Thalassemia
Michael Holyoak, MD
St. Luke’s Clinic–Idaho Endocrinology, Meridian, Idaho Thyroid Cancer
Gretchen Homan, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Pediatric Failure to Thrive
Kevin Hommema, BSME
Principal Research Scientist, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio
Biologic Agents Reference Chart; Toxic Chemical Agents Reference Chart
Laurie A.M. Hommema, MD
Associate Program Director, Family Medicine Residency, Riverside Methodist Hospital; Medical Director, Provider and Associate Well-Being, Quality and Patient Safety, OhioHealth, Columbus, Ohio
Biologic Agents Reference Chart, Toxic Chemical Agents Reference Chart
Leora Horn, MD, MSc
Ingram Associate Professor of Cancer Research, Associate Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee Lung Cancer
Ahmad Reza Hossani-Madani, MD, MS
Dermatologist, Kaiser Permanente, Upper Marlboro, Maryland Pigmentary Disorders
Steven A. House, MD
Professor, Department of Family and Geriatric Medicine, Program Director, University of Louisville/Glasgow Family Medicine Residency, Glasgow, Kentucky Pain; Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Sarah Houssayni, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita; Pediatrics, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas
Encopresis
William J. Hueston, MD
Associate Provost for Education, Senior Associate Dean for Medical Education, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism
Alison N. Huffstetler, MD
Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia Bacterial Pneumonia
Scott A. Hundahl, MD
Professor and Chief of Surgery, University of California–Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California Tumors of the Stomach
Stephen P. Hunger, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Director, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Jeffrey E. Perelman Distinguished Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Acute Leukemia in Children
Gretchen M. Irwin, MD, MBA
Associate Dean for Graduate Medical Education, Associate Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Otitis Media
Daniel Isaac, DO
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/ Oncology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Chronic Leukemias
Gerald A. Isenberg, MD
Professor of Surgery, Director, Surgical Undergraduate Medical Education, Sidney Kimmel Medical College; Program Director, Colorectal Surgery Residency, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Tumors of the Colon and Rectum
Alan C. Jackson, MD
Professor, Section of Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Rabies
Kurt M. Jacobson, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Mitral Valve Prolapse
Jose A. Jaller, MD
Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Venous Ulcers
W. Ennis James, MD
Assistant Professor, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Sarcoidosis
Xiaoming Jia, MD
Instructor, Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Hyperlipidemia
Casey R. Johnson, MD, MS
Resident Physician, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Obesity in Adults; Obesity in Children
Lisa M. Johnson, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio Acne Vulgaris; Rosacea
Joshua S. Jolissaint, MD
Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Atelectasis; Pancreatic Cancer
R. Gregory Juckett, MD, MPH
Professor Emeritus, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
Campylobacter
Marc A. Judson, MD
Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York Sarcoidosis
Tamilarasu Kadhiravan, MD
Additional Professor of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India Typhoid Fever
Rachna Kalia, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Jessica Rachel Kanter, MD
Fellow, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Infertility
Dilip R. Karnad, MD
Consultant in Critical Care, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India Tetanus
Rudruidee Karnchanasorn, MD
Associate Professor, Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas Thyroid Cancer
Andreas Katsambas, MD, PhD
Professor of Dermatology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece Parasitic Diseases of the Skin
Ben Z. Katz, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Infectious Mononucleosis
Rebecca Katzman, MD
Clinical Instructor, Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Palpitations
Daniel I. Kaufer, MD†
Chief, Cognitive & Behavioral Neurology, Director, UNC Memory Disorders Program, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Alzheimer’s Disease
Andrew M. Kaunitz, MD
University of Florida Term Professor and Associate Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine–Jacksonville; Medical Director and Director of Menopause and Gynecologic Ultrasound Services, University of Florida Women’s Health Specialists–Emerson, Jacksonville, Florida Menopause
B. Mark Keegan, MD
Division Chair, Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota Multiple Sclerosis
Rick D. Kellerman, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Chikungunya; Zika Virus Disease
Scott Kellermann, MD, MPH
Faculty, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Founder, Bwindi Community Hospital, Buhoma, Uganda Chikungunya; Zika Virus Disease
Christina M. Kelly, MD
Department of Family Medicine, Womack Army Medical Center Family Medicine Residency, Fort Bragg, North Carolina; Assistant Professor, Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland Ectopic Pregnancy
Sheevaun Khaki, MD
Assistant Professor, General Pediatrics, Medical Director, Mother Baby Unit, Director of Pediatric Electives, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon Infant Hyperbilirubinemia
Arthur Y. Kim, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Hepatitis C
Haejin Kim, MD
Senior Staff Allergist, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Robert S. Kirsner, MD, PHD
Chair & Harvey Blank Professor, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida Venous Ulcers
Sonam Kiwalkar, MBBS
Clinical Instructor, Division of Arthritis and Rheumatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon Axial Spondyloarthritis
†Deceased.
Amanda Kolb, MD
Instructor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Asthma in Children
Bhanu Prakash Kolla, MD, MRCPsych
Senior Associate Consultant, Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation; Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota Sleep Disorders
Frederick K. Korley, MD
Robert E. Meyerhoff Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Staff, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland Disturbances Due to Cold
Adrienne N. Kovalsky, DO, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Hospital Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia High Altitude Illness
Megan Krause, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas Rheumatoid Arthritis
Eric H. Kraut, MD
Professor of Medicine, Director, Benign Hematology, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Platelet-Mediated Bleeding Disorders
Lakshmanan Krishnamurti, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Sickle Cell Disease
Kumar Krishnan, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Dysphagia and Esophageal Obstruction
Zachary Kuhlmann, DO
Clinical Associate Professor, Residency Program Director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Endometriosis
Roshni Kulkarni, MD
Professor Emerita, Michigan State University Center for Bleeding and Clotting Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Hemophilia and Related Conditions
Seema Kumar, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Chair, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Program Director, Pediatric Endocrinology Fellowship, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Obesity in Adults; Obesity in Children
Mary R. Kwaan, MD, MPH
Health Sciences Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
Hemorrhoids, Anal Fissure, and Anorectal Abscess and Fistula
Robert A. Kyle, MD
Professor of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota Multiple Myeloma
Lucius Marion Lampton, MD
Private Practice, Magnolia Clinic, Magnolia, Mississippi; Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, Mississippi; Clinical Associate Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana COVID-19; Yellow Fever
Richard A. Lange, MD, MBA
President, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso; Dean, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas Congenital Heart Disease
Fabienne Langlois, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Fleurimont, Quebec, Canada
Adrenocortical Insufficiency; Hypopituitarism
Jerome Larkin, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Severe Sepsis
Christine L. Lau, MD
George Minor Professor of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia Atelectasis
Susan Lawrence-Hylland, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Rheumatology Section, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin Connective Tissue Disorders; Cutaneous Vasculitis
Lydia U. Lee, MD
Clinical Lecturer, Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Postpartum Depression
Jerrold B. Leikin, MD
Director of Medical Toxicology, NorthShore University, HealthSystem–OMEGA, Glenbrook Hospital, Glenview, Illinois; Clinical Professor of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Disturbances Due to Cold
Scott Leikin, DO
Critical Care Medicine Fellow, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
Targeted Temperature Management (Therapeutic Hypothermia); Disturbances Due to Cold
Alexander K.C. Leung, MBBS
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Nocturnal Enuresis
Martin M. LeWinter, MD
Professor of Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine; Attending Cardiologist, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont Pericarditis
Jennifer Lewis, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; VA Quality Scholars Fellow, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee Lung Cancer
Ming Li, MD, PhD
Section of Endocrinology, Phoenix VA Health Care System; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, College of Medicine at Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona Hyperprolactinemia
Tyler K. Liebenstein, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Treatment and Prevention
Albert P. Lin, MD
Assistant Professor, Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine; Staff Physician, Eye Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas Glaucoma
Kevin Lin, MD
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Janet C. Lindemann, MD, MBA
Dean of Medical Student Education, Professor of Family Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota Fatigue
Jeffrey A. Linder, MD, MPH
Chief, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Michael A. Gertz Professor of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Influenza
James Lock, MD, PhD
Professor of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, California Eating Disorders
M. Chantel Long, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita; Associate Director, Smoky Hill Family Medicine Residency, Salina, Kansas Condylomata Acuminata; Warts (Verrucae)
Colleen Loo-Gross, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor, Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas Amenorrhea
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administration of an anodyne, and having other professional engagements, left the house. Mrs. M—— was taken in labor Monday, December 18th, at 7 o’clock, P. M., and on Sunday, at 7 o’clock, P. M., I first saw her. Her pains were then almost constant, and such had been the severity of her suffering, that her cries for relief, as her medical attendants informed me, had attracted crowds of people about the door. As soon as I entered her room, she exclaimed, ‘For God’s sake, doctor, cut me open, or I shall die; I never can be delivered without you cut me open!’ I was struck with her language, especially as I had already been informed that she had previously borne two children.
“On assuring her that she was in a most perilous situation, and at the same time promising that we would do all in our power to rescue her, she voluntarily made the following confession:
“About six weeks after becoming pregnant, she called on one of these infamous female physicians, who, hearing her situation, gave her some powders, with directions for use. These powders, it appears, did not produce the desired effect. She returned again to this woman, and asked her if there were no other way to make her miscarry. ‘Yes,’ says this physician, ‘I can probe you; but I must have my price for this operation!’ ‘What do you probe with?’ ‘A piece of whalebone.’ ‘Well,’ observed the patient, ‘I cannot afford to pay your price, and I will probe myself.’ She returned home, and used the whalebone several times; it produced considerable pain, followed by a discharge of blood. The whole secret was now disclosed. Injuries inflicted on the mouth of the womb, by other violent attempts, had resulted in the circumstance as detailed above. It was evident, from the nature of this poor woman’s sufferings, and the expulsive character of her pains, that prompt, artificial delivery was indicated. As the result of the case was doubtful, and it was important to have the concurrent testimony of other medical gentlemen, and as it embodied great professional interest, I requested my friends, Drs. Detmold, Washington, and Doane, to see it. They reached the house without delay, and, after examining minutely into all the facts, it was agreed that a bi-lateral section of the mouth of the womb should be made.
“Accordingly, without loss of time, I performed the operation in the following manner: The patient was brought to the edge of the bed
and placed upon her back. The index finger of my left hand was introduced into the vagina as far as the roughness, which I supposed to be the seat of the os tincae. Then a probe-pointed bistoury, the blade of which had been previously covered with a band of linen to within about four lines of its extremity, was carried along my finger, until the point reached the rough surface. I succeeded in introducing the point of the instrument into a very slight opening which I found in the center of this surface, and then made an incision on the right side. I then withdrew the instrument, and in about five minutes it was evident that the head of the child made progress. The mouth of the womb dilated almost immediately, and the contractions were of the most expulsive character. There seemed, however, to be some ground for apprehension, that the mouth of the uterus would not yield with sufficient readiness, and I made an incision of the posterior lip, through its center, extending the incision to within a line of the peritoneal cavity. In ten minutes from this time, Mrs. M —— was delivered of a strong, full-grown child, whose boisterous cries were heard with astonishment by the mother, and with sincere gratification by her medical friends. The expression of that woman’s gratitude, in thus being preserved from what she and her friends supposed to be inevitable death, was an ample compensation for the anxiety experienced by those who were the humble instruments of affording her relief. This patient recovered rapidly, and did not, during the whole of her convalescence, present one unpleasant symptom. It is now ten weeks since the operation, and she and her infant are in the enjoyment of excellent health.
“At my last visit to this patient, with Dr. Forry, she made some additional revelations, which I think should be given, not only to the profession but to the public, in order that it may be known, that in our very midst there is a monster who speculates with human life, with as much coolness as if she were engaged in a game of chance.
“This patient, with unaffected sincerity, and apparently ignorant of the moral turpitude of the act, stated most unequivocally to both Dr. Forry and myself, that this physician, on previous occasions, had caused her to miscarry five times, and that these miscarriages had, in every instance, been brought about by drugs administered by this trafficker in human life. The only case in which the medicines failed was the last pregnancy, when, at the suggestion of this physician, she
probed herself, and induced the condition of things described, and which most seriously involved her own safety, as well as that of her child. In the course of conversation, this woman mentioned that she knew a great number of persons who were in the habit of applying to this physician for the purpose of miscarrying, and that she scarcely ever failed in affording the desired relief; and among others, she cited the case of a female residing in Houston Street, who was five months pregnant; this physician probed her, and she was delivered of a child, to use her own expression, ‘THAT KICKED SEVERAL TIMES AFTER IT WAS PUT INTO THE BOWL.’”
Thus you have an exemplification of the danger of the wicked and fearful practice which I have spoken against. If any of you are ever tempted under such circumstanes, beware!
