ListofFigures
Fig.1.1 Thetargetstobeobservedbyareconnaissancespacecraft. 1
Fig.1.2 Subsystemfaults. 2
Fig.1.3 Faulttypesofspacecraft. 3
Fig.1.4 Timeoffaultafterspacecraftlaunch. 3
Fig.1.5 Faultimpactonaerospacemission. 4
Fig.1.6 FaulttypesofACS. 4
Fig.1.7 TimeoffaultforACS. 5
Fig.1.8 ACSfaultimpactontask. 5
Fig.1.9 ComponentfaultofACS. 5
Fig.1.10 SchematicdiagramforactiveFTCsystems. 8
Fig.1.11 ClassificationofFDDschemesforspacecraftattitudecontrolsystem. 9
Fig.1.12 TheFarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorersatellite(FarUltraviolet SpectroscopicExplorer, n.d.). 14
Fig.1.13 CollisionbetweenCERISEandspacedebris(n.d.). 14
Fig.2.1 Definitionofthecoordinatereferenceframesforspacecraftattitudesystem. 27
Fig.2.2 ThestuckfaultofRW. 32
Fig.2.3 Failuretorespondtosignals. 32
Fig.2.4 Theincreasingfrictionofwheel.
Fig.2.5 Thedecreasingspeedofwheel.
Fig.2.6 Anexplodedstructureofareactionwheel.
Fig.3.1 Timeresponsesofattitude.
Fig.3.2 Timeresponsesofattitudequaternion.
Fig.3.3 Timeresponsesofvelocity.
Fig.3.4 Timeresponsesofcontrolinput.
Fig.3.5 Timeresponsesofvibrationdisplacements.
Fig.3.6 Timeresponsesofperformanceindex I (t)
Fig.3.7 Timeresponsesofparameter β(t).
Fig.3.8 Timeresponsesofvibrationdisplacements.
Fig.3.9 Timeresponsesofvibrationdisplacements.
Fig.3.10 Timeresponsesofvibrationdisplacements.
Fig.3.11 Timehistoriesfortheattitudetrackingcontrolusingtheproposedmethods. Case1:proposedASMFTCwithfaults(solidline);Case2:proposed ASMFTCwithoutfaults(dashedline);Case3:proposedMASMFTCwith faults(dottedline);Case4:proposedMASMFTCwithoutfaults(dot-dash line).
Fig.3.12 TimehistoriesfortheattitudetrackingcontrolusingPDcontrol.Case1: faultcase(solidline);Case2:fault-freecase(dottedline).
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Fig.3.13 TimehistoriesfortheattitudetrackingcontrolusingCASMC.Case1:fault case(solidline);Case2:fault-freecase(dottedline). 79
Fig.3.14 Timehistoriesfortheattitudetrackingcontrolusingtheproposedmethods withsaturationlimits. 79
Fig.4.1 Timeresponseof Fi (ui )
Fig.4.2 Responseforthefault-freecaseunderFTSMC(solidline),IAFTC(dashed line),andAWPID(dottedline).
82
90
Fig.4.3 ResponsewithpartiallossofthrustereffectivenessfaultunderFTSMC(solid line),IAFTC(dashedline),andAWPID(dottedline). 92
Fig.4.4 Thrusterfaultinformation(timeresponsesof e1 –e6 ). 103
Fig.4.5 Timeresponseswithhealthyactuators. 104
Fig.4.6 Timeresponseswithfaultactuators. 105
Fig.4.7 Activefault-tolerantcontrolfortheflexiblespacecraftattitudesystem. 116
Fig.4.8 FaultreconstructionwiththeproposedFDDwithconstantlossofactuator effectivenessfaults. 119
Fig.4.9 Attitudecontrolperformancewithconstantlossofactuatoreffectiveness faults. 120
Fig.4.10 FaultreconstructionbytheproposedFDDwithtime-varyinglossofactuator effectivenessfaults. 121
Fig.4.11 Attitudecontrolperformancewithtime-varyinglossofactuatoreffectiveness faults. 123
Fig.5.1 Definitionofthecoordinatereferenceframesforspacecraftattitudesystem. 132
Fig.5.2 Definitionofthecoordinatereferenceframesforspacecraftattitudesystem.
Fig.5.3 Timeresponseoftheobservererror e 1 incaseoffault-free.
Fig.5.4 Timeresponseoftheobservererror e 2 incaseoffault-free.
Fig.5.5 Theattitude-trackingerror σ σ d incaseoffault-free. 139
Fig.5.6 Theattitude-trackingerror ω incaseoffault-free. 139
Fig.5.7 Thecommandedcontrolincaseoffault-free. 140
Fig.5.8 Timeresponseoftheobservererror e 1 incaseofactuatorfault.
Fig.5.9 Timeresponseoftheobservererror e 2 incaseofactuatorfault.
Fig.5.10 Theattitudetrackingerror σ σ d incaseofactuatorfault.
Fig.5.11 Theattitudetrackingerror ω incaseofactuatorfault.
Fig.5.12 Thecommandedcontrolincaseofactuatorfault.
Fig.5.13
Fig.5.14
Timeresponseofattitudeundernormalcontrollerequation (5.68) withthe faultequations (5.92)–(5.93)
Timeresponseofangularvelocityundernormalcontrollerequation (5.68) withthefaultequations (5.92)–(5.93)
Fig.5.15 Timeresponseofcontrolinput.Case1:normalcontrollerequation (5.68).
Fig.5.16 Timeresponseofcontrolinput.Case2:fault-tolerantcontrollerequation (5.67)
Fig.5.17 Failuretorespondtocontrolsignals:attitude.
Fig.5.18 Failuretorespondtocontrolsignals:angularvelocity.
Fig.5.19
SpacecraftattitudeorientationwithVFFTCandUQOFCintheabsenceof faultsanddisturbances.
Fig.5.20 SpacecraftangularvelocitywithVFFTCandUQOFCintheabsenceof faultsanddisturbances.
Fig.5.21 Timeresponseof τ (t)withVFFTCandUQOFCintheabsenceoffaultsand disturbances.
Fig.5.22
SpacecraftattitudeorientationwithVFFTCandUQOFCinthepresenceof faultsanddisturbances.
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Fig.5.23 SpacecraftangularvelocitywithVFFTC(solidline)andUQOFC(dashed line)inthepresenceoffaultsanddisturbances.
171
Fig.5.24 TimeresponsewithVFFTC(solidline)andUQOFC(dashedline)inthe presenceoffaultsanddisturbances. 172
Fig.6.1 Desiredattitudeandthedistributedtarget.
Fig.6.2 Attitudeangle-trackingerror.
Fig.6.3 Angularvelocity-trackingerror ω e (deg/s).
Fig.6.4 Commandedandtheappliedcontrolpower.
185
185
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186
Fig.6.5 Timeresponseofswitchingsurface. 187
Fig.6.6 PerformanceindexASCCT.
Fig.6.7 PerformanceindexPOSTI.
Fig.6.8 Desiredattitudeanddistributedtarget.
Fig.6.9 Initialresponseoftheslidingmanifold S infault-freecase.
Fig.6.10 Initialresponseofattitudeangle-trackingerrorsinfault-freecase.
Fig.6.11 Angularvelocity-trackingerror ωe infault-freecase.
Fig.6.12 Faultscenariosofreactionwheels.
Fig.6.13 Responseoftheslidingmanifold S incaseofactuatorfault.
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Fig.6.14 Initialresponseofattitudeangle-trackingerrorswithactuatorfault. 204
Fig.6.15 Initialresponseofvelocity-trackingerror ωe withactuatorfault.
Fig.6.16 Initialresponseofcommandedcontrolinputs τ withactuatorfault.
Fig.6.17 PerformanceindexPOSTIinthefault-freeandactuatorfaultcases.
Fig.6.18 PerformanceindexASCCTinthefault-freeandactuatorfaultcases.
Fig.7.1 Structureoftheattitude-trackingcontroller.
Fig.7.2 Timesequenceoftheattitudemaneuversfortheconsideredmission.
Fig.7.3 Externaldisturbancesreconstructionerror e 2 withinitialovershootduring thethirdorbitalperiod.
Fig.7.4 Angularvelocitytrackingerror ω e withinitialovershootduringthethird orbitalperiod.
Fig.7.5 Attitude-trackingerror σ e duringthethirdorbitalperiod.
Fig.7.6 Commandedcontroltorque τ c duringthethirdorbitalperiod.
Fig.7.7 The x 2 (solidline)anditsreconstruction(dashedline)duringthetenth orbitalperiod.
Fig.7.8 Faultsreconstructionerror e 2 duringthetenthorbitalperiod.
Fig.7.9 Angularvelocity-trackingerror ω e duringthetenthorbitalperiod.
Fig.7.10 Attitude-trackingerror σ e duringthetenthorbitalperiod.
Fig.7.11 Commandedcontroltorque τ c duringthetenthorbitalperiod.
Fig.7.12 Operationmodesofthesatellite.
Fig.7.13 Timesequenceoftheattitudemaneuversforthescientificmission.
Fig.7.14 Theproposedfault-tolerantattitudecontrolsystemofthemicrosatellite withoutratesensor.
Fig.7.15 Thecommandedcontrolinput.
Fig.7.16 Theobservererror ε o2
Fig.7.17 Thefaultreconstructionerror ε r 2 .
Fig.7.18 Theangularvelocityofthesatellite.
Fig.7.19 Theunitattitudequaternionofthesatellite.
Fig.7.20 Theindexes Pm and PE intheabsenceofreactionwheelfaults.
Fig.7.21 Theindexes Pm and PE incaseofreactionwheelfaults.
Fig.7.22 Theclosed-loopattitude-trackingsystemofthevelocity-freefault-tolerant control.
Fig.7.23 Theestimationerror e2 byusing(5-59)inactuatorfault-freecase.
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Fig.7.24 Theangularvelocity-trackingerrorwiththecontroller(5-59)inactuator fault-freecase. 257
Fig.7.25 Theattitude-trackingerrorwiththecontroller(5-59)inactuatorfault-free case. 257
Fig.7.26 Thecommandedcontrolofthecontroller(5-59)inactuatorfault-freecase. 257
Fig.7.27 Theangularvelocitytrackingerrorwiththecontroller(5-59)incaseof actuatorfault. 258
Fig.7.28 Theattitude-trackingerrorwiththecontroller(5-59)incaseofactuatorfault. 258
Fig.7.29 Thecommandedcontrolofthecontroller(5-59)incaseofactuatorfault. 259
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“Into ‘The romantic,’ which for its greater part is scarcely anything more than a sketchy record of war-time incident, Miss Sinclair has put a curious jumble of pseudo science and pretentious psychology.”
Boston Transcript p4 O 20 ’20 1400w
“In ‘The romantic’ the psycho-analytic purpose stands out like a framework. It is a semi-scientific study rather than a novel, missing almost entirely the effect of mixed, unguided, concrete life which belongs to fiction.” C. M. Rourke
Freeman 2:429 Ja 12 ’21 450w
“Her Charlotte Redhead is new and authentic both as a type and as an individual. The implications of Miss Sinclair’s fable and analysis are of the broadest significance. It is these implications that give Miss Sinclair’s book an extraordinary intellectual suppleness and strength.”
Nation 111:567 N 17 ’20 600w
“A more difficult subject than this one which Miss Sinclair has chosen it would be almost impossible to find. And she has treated it sanely, admirably, with a certain clean honesty which renders it void of offense. ‘The romantic’ is a most unusual and most noteworthy book.” L. M. Field
N Y Times p10 O 17 ’20 1100w
“The story in all its poignant brevity has that assured touch of artistry which we have a right to expect from the author of ‘The divine fire.’” F: T. Cooper
Pub W 98:657 S 18 ’20 420w
Reviewed by H. W. Boynton
Review 3:650 D 29 ’20 660w
“The book is a notable achievement in psychoanalysis, and Miss Sinclair is to be congratulated on the close study of character which she has given us. ”
Spec 125:641 N 13 ’20 640w
“‘The romantic’ is a rather curious book in that it is written almost spontaneously according to fixed theory. Its mechanism is flawless.”
Springf’d Republican p7a D 12 ’20 500w
Times [London] Lit Sup p666 O 14 ’20 620w
SINCLAIR, UPTON BEALL (ARTHUR STIRLING,
pseud.). Brass check. *$1; pa *50c U. B. Sinclair, Pasadena, Cal. 071
20–11913
The book is a fierce arraignment of our present-day journalism. “When you have read this story, you will know our journalism; you will know the body and soul of it, you will know it in such a way that you will not have to be told what it is doing to the movement for industrial freedom and self-government all over the world.” (Introd.) It falls into three parts: part 1, The evidence, which is one half of the book, is a personal story telling what the author himself has seen and experienced in his struggles with the press for a period of twenty
years. In part 2. The explanation, other witnesses are heard, “the wisest and truest and best people of our country” and the author pledges his honor that his statements are based on facts and facts only. Part 3, The remedy, has among its contents a practical program for a “truth-telling” weekly to be known as the National News.
Reviewed by H: L. West
Bookm 52:116 O ’20 950w
“Mr Sinclair’s book is a brave and sincere effort carried out in the worst of all tastes so that your attention becomes focused on the writer instead of his writing.” Edwin Björkman
Freeman 2:212 N 10 ’20 1850w
“Is Mr Sinclair telling the truth? If he is not, the Associated press and every newspaper he includes in his amazing revelations owe the American public the solemn duty of bringing him to justice but if Mr Sinclair’s statements go unchallenged by the press, every honest American must possess himself of the facts. Fascinating as his book is, incredible though it may appear to the dazed reader, it is a treatise based on names, places and dates, convincing despite our great desire to remain unconvinced.” J.
J. Smertenko
Grinnell R 16:329 Ja ’21 1000w
Int J Ethics 31:116 O ’20 140w
“This is a most important book which every reader will want to pass on to his neighbor. It is a complete, masterful study, and the presentation of its facts is wholly convincing. With Mr Sinclair’s
conclusions, drawn from his facts, it is not necessary to agree. Mr Sinclair is a Socialist. He sees everything through the spectacles of class-consciousness. Also, at times he is humorless, and he has been persistently naive.” E. H. Gruening
Nation 111:72 Jl 17 ’20 1050w
“There is nothing here even remotely approximating a rational survey of the conditions and practices of American journalism. There is a vast deal about the topic most interesting to Mr Sinclair and that is Sinclair himself. The picture, while more or less true in many of its details, is, as a whole, a caricature. Is the book worth reading? It is; indeed, it should be widely read. But it should be read with the intelligence and information which will enable one to sift the truth from the mass of absurd and misleading statements which it contains.”
W. J. Ghent
Review 3:420 N 3 ’20 1350w
“The effectiveness of the facts in ‘The brass check’ for the average reader, not to mention a hostile critic, is seriously marred by the intermittent ‘bow-wowings’ of the writer. Can the author bring to the tragic theme of the prostitution of modern journalism no language but that of the yellow press? The people have been too deeply betrayed by the illusions of language not to demand the facts without the fireworks.” M.
C. Crook
“A passionate, intimately personal, elaborately detailed and documented indictment.” J. G. McDonald
+ +
Survey 44:307 My 29 ’20 320w
“For the sake of the honour of the American press the better elements in which cannot but be glad to see the worse exposed one would like to know that this book was being widely read.”
The Times [London] Lit Sup p712 N 4 ’20 720w
SINCLAIR, UPTON BEALL (ARTHUR STIRLING, pseud.).
100%; the story of a patriot. *$1.20 (1½c) pa *60c Upton Sinclair, Pasadena, Cal.
21–1179
In fiction form Mr Sinclair has told the story of the Mooney case, bringing in other recent events that show the methods used by business interests and their secret police, under-cover men, and agents provocateur. Peter Gudge is near the scene of the explosion on preparedness day. He is knocked senseless, arrested as a suspect, and given the third degree. Taking his measure, Guffey, the chief of police, decides that Peter is the man for his purpose and uses him first as star witness in the Goober case and later as one of his secret agents, detailed to spy on the “reds.” Peter is faithful and painstaking and rises to the top in his profession, a true 100% American. The data on which the story is built is supplied in an appendix.
“Mr Sinclair has abandoned the Zolaist symbolism and declamation of his earlier books and has chosen an intellectual and artistic method which is none other than that of Swift. Mr Sinclair has gods and a great subject burning, literally burning, out his heart. And so it comes about that this pedestrian mass of graceless prose achieves in the most fundamental sense literary values that young intellectuals seeking cultural modes for our American life can never reach. The book is a literary achievement of high and solid worth.”
Nation 111:481 O 27 ’20 320w
“Dealing in certain facts that we all know to be true, it carries an impression of verisimilitude, despite elements of sentimentality and exaggeration. It gives a graphic insight into some of the ugliest phases of the class struggle.”
G. H.
World Tomorrow 4:30 Ja ’21 160w
SINGMASTER, ELSIE (MRS HAROLD LEWARS). Basil Everman. *$1.90 (2½c) Houghton
20–5404
Basil Everman, who never once appears in person, nevertheless dominates the entire story. The scene is laid in a small college town, lying a little north of Mason and Dixon’s line, where “the Civil war was still the chief topic of discussion among the older men. ” The chief characters (after Basil) are: Richard Lister, son of the president of Walton college; Richard’s mother who is violently opposed to the musical career on which he has set his heart; Eleanor Bent, who has promising literary talent and with whom Richard falls in love; Mrs Bent, formerly Margie Ginter, an innkeeper’s daughter, who conceals
Eleanor’s parentage from her; Dr Green, a physician; Thomasina Davis, spinster, who loved Basil Everman; and Mr Utterly of Willard’s Magazine, who has come across a story, an essay and a poem of Basil’s so wonderful that they have sent him to Waltonville to learn all he can about the defunct genius. The story ends happily.
“A good armchair story for people who enjoy this kind of character study, which is pervaded by kindly humor and gentle satire.”
Booklist 16:246 Ap ’20
Lit D p87 S 4 ’20 3500w
“Miss Singmaster gives us a warm and charming picture of her little college town; she catches the external characteristics and harmless little oddities of her people. But she will not let herself regard their real lives with a critical eye. ”
Nation 110:401 Mr 27 ’20 500w
“Carefully and skillfully written, showing a restraint and finish far removed from the hasty, slipshod performances of so many writers of contemporary fiction.”
N Y Times 25:120 Mr 14 ’20 500w
“Told with care and dignity, this novel has the quality we call distinction.”
N Y Times 25:190 Ap 18 ’20 60w
“A fine piece of work.”
Outlook 124:562 Mr 31 ’20 80w
“Both in plot and in character delineation Miss Singmaster has been very successful in this story. ‘Basil Everman’ ought to be one of the star volumes of the year. ”
Springf’d Republican p13a My 2 ’20 550w
SIRÉN, OSVALD. Essentials in art. il *$3.50 Lane 704 20–20086
The author of this volume is professor of the history of art at the University of Stockholm and has a world reputation as lecturer on art, especially primitive Italian art, in other European countries, in America and Japan. The essays in this volume are: Rhythm and form; Art and religion; Art and religion during the renaissance; The importance of the antique to Donatello; A late Gothic poet of line. The last two essays are profusely illustrated. The poet of line in the last essay is Parri Spinelli, a list of whose works is appended.
“His book on Leonardo da Vinci is better worth reading than many others that have been written on that, apparently inexhaustible subject. But his new volume can hardly be said to satisfy the expectations that the title might legitimately arouse. ” E. M.
Ath p836 Je 25 ’20 860w
“Most of the book is objective criticism of the highest order; the essay on ‘Rhythm and form’ is both penetrating and remarkable. Professor Sirén understands art his volume is a distinctive contribution to aesthetics.”
Dial 69:666 D ’20 50w
“Really touches essentials only in the initial essay on ‘Rhythm and form,’ in which an important matter is treated with more fulness than precision or originality. The rest is agreeable padding from the author’s recent magazine articles. The book is well made, and has the merit, in a critical work, of being easy to read.”
Review 3:564 D 8 ’20 90w
“Professor Sirén is a typical modern student, who has travelled much, and has first-hand knowledge of many arts. In his more purely historical essays he does not, in the pursuit of facts, lose sight of underlying principles. The essay ‘On the importance of the antique to Donatello’ is actually marred by a too careless treatment of material facts, and by a strange misconception of the character of Gothic art.”
Sat R 130:97 Jl 31 ’19 1200w
“We welcome Professor Sirén’s collection of essays, for, although they contain nothing that is very fresh in point of view, they breathe a reasonable spirit, and state the modern position with moderation and sense. ”
Spec 124:620 My 8 ’20 520w
“With the subject of line-drawing and rhythm, he is especially happy.”
Springf’d Republican p8a D 5 ’20 360w
“He is not a lively writer, at least in our language; and his thought is so abstract that, dealing as it does with a subject so concrete and particular as art, it is often hard to follow. He is, by the present condition of aesthetic thought, forced to use a number of general terms without defining them; we ourselves have to supply the definition as we read, and we may supply it wrong; but those who are really interested in the subject will find his essay [Rhythm and form] worth reading.”
The Times [London] Lit Sup p211 Ap 1 ’20 1750w
SITWELL, OSBERT. Argonaut and juggernaut.
*$1.50 Knopf 821
20–3704
This volume by one of the young soldier-poets of Great Britain opens with a preface poem “How shall we rise to greet the dawn?” written in November, 1918. The four parts of the volume are entitled: The Phœnix-feasters; Green-fly; Promenades; and War poems. In the war poems satire predominates.
“Poems by one of the more notable exponents of the modern manner, who seems as yet to be uncertain both of his aim and method.”
Ath p1208 N 14 ’19 80w
“Some will applaud Mr Sitwell’s political sentiments; others, when they read such things as ‘Sheep song, ’ will be profoundly irritated. The intensity of their irritation will be the measure of Mr Sitwell’s success as a writer of satire. When we turn from Mr Sitwell’s satirical to what we may be permitted to call his ‘poetical’ poems, we are less certain in our appreciation and enjoyment.”
Ath p1255 N 28 ’19 600w
“Mr Sitwell is thought by many, and doubtless considers himself, to be extremely wild and daring, when in reality he is merely a bad rider of his hobby. The only pieces in this volume in which he betrays genuine feeling are some of the vers libre efforts written in protest against the attitude of society towards the war. ” J: G. Fletcher
Freeman 2:189 N 3 ’20 360w
“As a satirist, and he is nothing if not a satirist, he never is vivid; he nowhere bites or breaks. His abuse is oratorical in its plenitude, oratorical and round and blunt. He by no means has mastered the indirectness, the cut, the slant, the side-sweep, the poetry of satire.”
M. V. D.
Nation 110:855 Je 26 ’20 160w
“He is moved to write by unbelief in the ideals of other people rather than by the passionate force of ideals of his own. He is a sceptic, not a sufferer. His work proceeds less from his heart, than from his brain. It is a clever brain, however, and his satirical poems
are harshly entertaining and will infuriate the right people. They may not kill Goliath, but at least they will annoy Goliath’s friends.” Robert Lynd
Nation [London] 26:352 D 6 ’19 650w
“Mr Sitwell’s impressive title is about the only impressive thing in his book.” Clement Wood
N Y Call p10 Je 20 ’20 380w
N Y Times 25:194 Ap 18 ’20 80w
N Y Times 25:16 Je 27 ’20 300w
“There are passages in these pages which show that Mr Sitwell has embryonic poetic talent that may develop significantly, if he can get far enough away from the disturbing moods and reflections of war to give it free rein. He has the love of nature that is the poet’s best teacher. In ‘Argonaut and juggernaut’ Mr Sitwell is primarily not a poet, but a prophet. And his prophecy is full of flaming indignation and scorn. ”
Springf’d Republican p9a F 29 ’20
1000w
“When Captain Sitwell is not occupied with telling home truths he discloses an imaginative mind and a subtle sense of the value of words. Nor can his word-pictures fairly be criticised as rhetorical; each embodies an unobtrusive idea. Thus his ‘Sailor-song’ expresses with Elizabethan freshness the Elizabethan delight in the wonders of ocean and the life marvellous.”
