ANÁLISE DAS DEMONSTRAÇÕES
FINANCEIRAS
As demonstrações financeiras de uma empresa apresentam informações importantes sobre sua situação patrimonial e financeira. As demonstrações es-tudadas neste capítulo serão o balanço patrimonial (BP) e a demonstração de resultado do exercício (DRE).
O BP mostra a situação patrimonial da empresa em uma data específica.
Ele divide-se basicamente nos ativos, passivos e patrimônio líquido. O ativo mostra de que forma os recursos estão investidos. O passivo mostra as obrigações da empresa junto a terceiros. O patrimônio líquido compila os recursos aportados pelos acionistas e os lucros retidos. A DRE mostra o resultado atingido pela empresa no período (normalmente um ano). Esta demonstração evidencia se no período houve lucro ou prejuízo, indicando quão eficiente foi o desempenho operacional da empresa no referido período.
O objetivo da análise das demonstrações financeiras acima é, por meio de índices calculados, tomar decisões, de acordo com o relacionamento do analista com a empresa. Um fornecedor de uma empresa pode desejar saber seu nível de endividamento no curto prazo, por exemplo. Já uma instituição financeira que avalia o fornecimento de uma linha de crédito de médio prazo para a empresa pode desejar verificar sua liquidez e o nível de endividamento total. Os próprios dirigentes da empresa desejam conhecer a evolução patrimonial da empresa ao longo dos anos, bem como, se tiverem acesso aos demonstrativos das concorrentes, fazer comparações com os desempenhos delas.
Neste capítulo, serão apresentados os principais índices financeiros calculados a partir do BP e da DRE. Também serão apresentadas as análises vertical e horizontal sobre os itens componentes das demonstrações e dos índices calculados.
Capítulo 1 I Análise das Demonstrações Financeiras ELSEVIER
1.1. REVISÃO TEÓRICA
1.1.1. Balanço Patrimonial (BP)
O BP mostra a posição patrimonial da empresa em determinado momento. Ele é dividido em três principais tópicos: ativo, passivo exigível e patrimônio líquido.
O ativo é subdividido em circulante, realizável a longo prazo e permanente. Este último é subdividido em investimentos, imobilizado e diferido. O passivo é subdividido em circulante e exigível a longo prazo. Por último, o patrimônio líquido é dividido nos seguintes tópicos: capital social, reservas de capital, reservas de lucros e lucros ou prejuízos acumulados. Esquematicamente, tem-se:
O ativo circulante é formado pelas disponibilidades, estoques, aplicações financeiras de curto prazo e direitos realizáveis no curso do exercício subse-quente. O ativo realizável a longo prazo compõese dos direitos realizáveis após o término do exercício seguinte e créditos junto a controladas, coligadas, administradores e sócios, originários de atividades não operacionais (empréstimos, adiantamentos etc.). Os ativos realizáveis a longo prazo devem passar para o circulante no balanço do período imediatamente anterior àquele em que se realizarão.
Os investimentos, componentes do ativo permanente, formam-se por participações permanentes em outras sociedades e por direitos de qualquer natureza não classificáveis no ativo circulante e que não se destinem à manutenção da atividade da empresa. Como exemplo, têm-se obras de arte, terrenos e outros que não se destinem à atividade principal da empresa.
O imobilizado é composto de bens destinados à manutenção das atividades da empresa ou exercidos com essa finalidade. O ativo diferido é constituído de despesas incorridas que, por beneficiarem exercícios futuros, são amortiza-das contra eles e não imediatamente quando acontecem.
2
Excel para profissionais de finanças I Jocildo Figueiredo Correia Neto O passivo é composto das dívidas, obrigações, riscos e contingências (au-tuações fiscais, trabalhistas e ações judiciais, por exemplo), representando o financiamento de terceiros. Para classificar-se no circulante ou no exigível a longo prazo, basta verificar o vencimento (circulante se vencível no exercício seguinte ou a longo prazo se vencível em prazo superior).
O capital social é o valor efetivamente subscrito pelos acionistas e, por dedução, a parcela ainda não realizada. As reservas de capital são formadas por dois subconjuntos de valores: correção monetária do capital social integrali-zado e valores recebidos pela empresa dos sócios ou de terceiros, incorporados diretamente ao patrimônio líquido. As reservas de lucro são as contas constituídas pela apropriação de lucros da companhia, ou seja, os lucros gerados e retidos. Lucros ou prejuízos acumulados é parte da reserva de lucros que ainda não teve seu destino final determinado.
Em função dos lançamentos serem realizados respeitando as partidas dobradas, o valor do ativo total deve ser igual ao valor do
passivo total. Esta igualdade deve ser respeitada na apresentação do BP. Caso esta igualdade não seja verificada, ele estará errado. !"!#$
A demonstração do resultado do exercício tem uma estrutura básica dada por:
$ ' ()*
()*'+, (-*$"
()*# '
(-*%
()*
()*
()*. "
()*/
(2*/ (-*%
(2*$3
()*3
(-*%
()*
'+4 , , .
( &*"
Capítulo 1 I Análise das Demonstrações Financeiras ELSEVIER
A receita bruta é o resultado da venda dos produtos ou serviços da empresa. A receita líquida é a receita bruta deduzida de impostos e de devoluções, descontos e abatimentos concedidos. O próximo passo é calcular o lucro bruto. A partir da receita líquida, subtrai-se o custo dos produtos ou serviços vendidos.
O custo dos produtos vendidos é o custo histórico de aquisição destes bens. Se a empresa for industrial, este valor deve ser mostrado contemplando os custos de transformação da matériaprima em produto acabado.
Para auferir o lucro operacional, subtraem-se do lucro bruto as despesas de vendas, administrativas, financeiras e outras despesas operacionais. Neste cálculo, podem ser somadas eventualmente outras receitas operacionais.
Seguindo o esquema, calcula-se agora o lucro antes do imposto de renda.
Esse item é calculado a partir do lucro operacional, deduzindo-se as despesas não operacionais e acrescentando-se as receitas não operacionais. Finalmente, calcula-se o lucro líquido, diminuindo o imposto de renda e a participação de debenturistas, empregados, administradores e demais partes beneficiárias do lucro antes do imposto de renda.
Esta estrutura básica pode apresentar mais ou menos itens, de acordo com a empresa. Estas alterações, no entanto, não devem
fugir demasiadamente do apresentado e devem respeitar a legislação vigente.
% &!'!
A análise das demonstrações financeiras é comumente feita por meio de índices, de forma a avaliar os desempenhos passado e presente, bem como pro-jetar o futuro da empresa. Os índices são relações entre contas ou grupos de contas das demonstrações financeiras.
Existem basicamente duas formas de se utilizar os índices. A primeira é a análise temporal da empresa, em que o desempenho da empresa é medido ao longo do tempo, possibilitando, portanto, o traçado de tendências para o futuro. Uma ferramenta muito importante nesse estudo é a análise horizontal, a ser tratada mais adiante juntamente com a análise vertical.
A outra forma de utilização dos índices é a comparação com os índices de empresas concorrentes, no mesmo período de tempo. As datas devem ser iguais devido a possíveis cenários econômicos diferentes em épocas distintas.
Além disso, a confrontação de índices pode ser feita também com a média do setor de atividade. É importante frisar que, como as empresas podem usar alguns critérios diferentes na elaboração de suas demonstrações, faz-se necessário padronizá-las.
4
Excel para profissionais de finanças I Jocildo Figueiredo Correia
Neto A análise de um índice isolado não oferece uma informação válida. A apreciação de um único índice não informa o suficiente sobre o desempenho global da empresa, podendo levar a conclusões incompletas. O uso dos índices em conjunto propicia maiores dados para estudo. Mesmo com o conjunto de índices complementares à mão, ainda se fazem necessárias comparações temporais e setoriais.
Another random document with no related content on Scribd:
Originated in Stanislaus County, Napa Valley, California; fruit medium to large, golden-yellow, spotted with red; flesh sweet, juicy, very good; freestone; late.
Ungarische Dattel Zwetsche. Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom.Pom.451. 1889.
UngarischeSpäteBouteillenZwetsche.
Union. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 6:269 fig. 1895. 2. Ont. Fr . Exp. Sta. Rpt. 120. 1898. 3. Ohio Sta. Bul. 113:161. 1899. 4. Waugh PlumCult.124. 1901.
Reagles’ Union Purple 1. Union Purple 2, 3. UnionPurple4.
Union originated about 1850 with C. Reagles of Schenectady, New York. Tree hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, dark purple; bloom thick; stem adheres strongly to the fruit; flesh dark yellow, firm, tender, sweet, mild; quality fair; stone oval, turgid, clinging; mid-season.
Uryany. Domestica.
Introduced from Ammassia, Turkey, by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1904 and sent to this Station for testing. Tree vigorous, upright with a dense top; fruit variable in size, roundish to roundish-ovate; suture a line; cavity narrow, deep, abrupt; stem rather thick, short; dark purple; dots numerous, very small, yellowish; bloom heavy; skin thin, tough, astringent; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; stone of medium size, somewhat flattened, clinging; season late.
U. S. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 6. 1900. 2. Waugh Plum Cult. 165. 1901. 3. Wis.Hort.Soc.Rpt.109. 1903.
BrittlewoodNo. 2 3. UnitedStates3.
Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, spherical, dark purplish-red; flesh a trifle coarse; good; clingstone; medium to late.
Valence. Domestica. 1. Mag.Hort. 9:163. 1843. 2. Lond.Hort.Soc. Cat.145, 153. 1831.
Damas de Valence 1, 2. SaintLoo2.
Fruit small, roundish, purple; clingstone; late.
Valentia. Domestica. 1. Forsyth Treat.Fr.Trees21. 1803.
Mentioned as a plum of value by Forsyth.
Valienciennes. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889.
DieValienciennes.EdleKönigsPflaume.
Value. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 6. 1902-3. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 43:39. 1903.
Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska; introduced in 1902 by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland. Tree vigorous, healthy and productive; fruit large, round or sometimes inclined to oblong, dark red; good; clingstone; mid-season.
Van Benschoten. Domestica.
Van Benschoten was introduced by a Mr. Snyder of Kingston, New York. Fruit of medium size, roundish, greenish-yellow with russet spots; good; stone small, free.
Van Buren. Americana mollis. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 286. 1887. 2. CornellSta.Bul. 38:42. 1892. 3. Colo. Sta.Bul. 50:46, Pl. XV. 1898. 4. Can.Exp.FarmBul.43:32. 1903.
Van Buren came from a wild seedling in Van Buren County, Iowa; introduced by J. Thacher. Tree spreading, moderately productive and slow growing; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture a line; skin thick; red over yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; quality good; clingstone; season late.
Van Deman. Americana. 1. U. S. D. A.Rpt. 392. 1891. 2. Am.Pom. Soc.Rpt. 88. 1895. 3. Terry Cat. 1900. 4. Waugh PlumCult. 165. 1901.
Van Dieman 2.
Van Deman is a seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1891. Fruit large, oval; cavity small; suture a line; skin thick; dark red; bloom thick; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone oval, flattened, clinging; season late.
Van Houten. Species? 1. Terry Cat.5. 1900.
A plum of unknown parentage from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1895; dwarfish; productive; fruit very large, round, bright red; mid-season.
Venetianische Zweimal Tragende. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom.Pom.452. 1889.
LaBonneDeuxFoisL’An.LaVenitienne.
Venus. Munsoniana. 1. Terry Cat.8. 1900.
From H. A. Terry; of unknown parentage. Tree upright, productive; fruit very large, yellow overspread with light pinkish-red becoming darker red; dots numerous, white; flesh yellow, very sweet and rich; good; clingstone; early.
Verdacchio. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Rea Flora208. 1676. 3. Gallesio Pom.Ital.2: fig. 1839.
Verdock 1, 2.
An old Italian variety. A few of the modern writers hold it to be the Reine Claude but according to Gallesio, it is a distinct plum. Fruit medium in size, obovate, greenish; flesh crisp, sweet, agreeable; very good.
Verdache. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 451. 1889. 2. Guide Prat.161, 366. 1895.
Tree very productive; fruit small, oval, yellowish olive-green with flesh the same color, sweet; late; said to be excellent for making prunes or for cooking.
Vermilion. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:44. 1897. 3. Waugh PlumCult.165. 1901.
Le Duc Vermillion 1, 2. LeDucVermillion3.
Grown for some years by J. W. Kerr, but dropped in 1901. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblong, bright red; flesh yellow, very good; clingstone; late.
Vermilon Hâtif. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 452. 1889.
Vesuvius. Cerasifera ×? 1. FancherCreekNur . Cat.1907-8. 2. Ibid. 1909.
FoliagePlum1, 2.
Grown by Luther Burbank from a cross between Pissardi and some native or Triflora sort; introduced by the Fancher Creek Nurseries in 1907. Tree vigorous, elm-like in habit of growth, not productive; fruit small, roundish, purplish-red; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone small; valuable only as an ornamental.
Vick. Munsoniana × Americana? 1. Ia.Hort.Soc.Rpt.287. 1887. 2. Ibid.276. 1893. 3. Wis.Sta.Bul.87:14. 1901.
James Vick 1, 2, 3.
Supposed to be a seedling of Wild Goose crossed with some Americana; originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, about 1880. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; dots numerous; suture distinct; bright red; bloom light; flesh yellowish-green, tender; quality fair; stone small, clinging; mid-season.
Victor. Nigra? 1. Can.Exp.FarmsRpt.426. 1900.
A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size; mid-season.
Victoria. Species? Letter from Kerr.
Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska; fruit large, firm; poor.
Violet. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 578. 1629. 2. Langley Pomona 92, fig. VII. 1729. 3. Garden 50:223. 1897. 4. Mich. Sta.Sp.Bul.27:16. 1904.
EarlyViolet3. Violette 4. Violet Plumb 2.
This variety is possibly the same as Précoce de Tours but we are unable to identify it positively with this or any other known variety. The “Violette” mentioned in the fourth reference above may not be identical with the Violet of the older writers but it seems to be similar. According to Parkinson the Violet is “a small and long blackish blew plum, ripe about Bartholomew tide, a very good dry eating plum.”
Victor Sand Cherry. (Prunusbesseyi× Munsoniana) × Domestica. 1. Am.Br.Assoc.Rpt. 2:184. 1906.
Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska pollinated Prunusbesseyi with Wild Goose and the resulting seedling was fertilized with pollen from Quackenboss. This final cross resulted in the variety under discussion. Fruit nearly two inches in diameter; apparently of value.
Violet Imperial. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist4:196. 1849.
DieVioletteKaiserpflaume1. ImpérialeViolette1.
Violet Imperial is usually considered the same as Red Magnum Bonum but Liegel describes it as distinct in that its leaves are shorter, its fruit smaller, darker and ripening period three or four weeks later.
Violet Royal. Domestica. Mentioned in Miller Gard.Kal.155. 1734.
Violette Americaine. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom.Pom.452. 1889.
Mathieu found reference in Revue Horticole 351. 1869.
Virgata. Species? 1. Ga.Hort.Soc.Rpt.51. 1889.
A tender shrub of value only as an ornamental. Flowers semidouble, rose colored; fruit of medium size, oblong, yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, subacid; quality fair; clingstone; very early.
Virgie. Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. 1. Vt. Sta. An.Rpt. 12:229. 1899.
Originated with A. L. Bruce of Texas; a cross between Miner and Crimson Beauty. Fruit medium, nearly round; suture a line; cavity very shallow; deep crimson with many yellow dots; flesh yellow; good; stone small, round, slightly flattened, clinging.
Virginia Damson. Insititia. 1. Am.Pom.Soc.Rpt.151. 1891.
Mentioned in the preceding reference as doing well in Virginia.
Von Berlepsch Zwetsche. Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom.453. 1889.
Berlepsch’sVioletteZwetsche.
Von Bose Rote Zwetsche. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom.453. 1889.
Von Lade Späte Mirabelle. Insititia. Listed in Mathieu Nom.Pom. 453. 1889.
Von Moro Reine Claude. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889.
Mathieu’s reference taken from Pomologische Monatshefte 1. 1878.
Voslauer Zwetsche. Domestica. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 453. 1889. 2. GuidePrat.163, 367. 1895.
Similar to the Italian Prune.
Vulcan. Triflora ×? 1. Vt.Sta.An.Rpt. 12:229. 1899.
A hybrid grown by Luther Burbank; much like Wickson. Fruit very large, oval, with sides unequal; cavity large, abrupt; stem short, very stout; suture deep at the top; purple with darker shades; dots numerous, yellow; flesh red next the skin, sweet and pleasant; excellent; stone large, elliptical, slightly flattened, clinging. Wabash. Species? 1. Ind.Hort.Soc.Rpt.72. 1868.
Noted as a native variety grown in Gibson and Posey Counties, Indiana. Tree low and shrubby, bearing early; fruit large, conical.
Wady. Species? 1. Ia.Hort.Soc.Rpt.286. 1887. 2. CornellSta.Bul. 38:80. 1892. 3. Wis.Sta.Bul.63:62. 1897.
Wady’sEarly1, 2, 3.
Reported as of little value except for early ripening and productiveness; fruit small; good for canning.
Wagner. Americana. 1. Ia.Sta.Bul.46:291. 1900.
Wagner No. 9 1.
A seedling of Weaver fertilized with a wild variety; grown by J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Iowa, in 1894. Fruit small, ovate; cavity broad, shallow; suture clearly defined; yellowish-red; bloom thin; flesh brownish-yellow, sugary, sweet; quality best; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season.
Wahre Frühzwetsche. Domestica. 1. Lucas Vollst. Hand. Obst. 473. 1894. 2. Mathieu Nom.Pom.453. 1889.
August Zwetsche 2. Couetsche Précoce 2. Couetsche Précoce La Vraie2. Diel’sAugustZwetsche2. FrüheGemeineZwetsche2. Frühe HausZwetsche2. FrüheZwetsche2. PrécoceVeritable2.
Tree large, a quick grower; fruit medium, oval, dark blue; stone completely free; valuable for dessert and drying.
Wahre Weisse Diaprée. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom.453. 1889.
Dorell’sNeueWeisseDiaprée.
Wakapa. Triflora × Americana. 1. S.Dak.Sta.Bul.108. 1908.
A hybrid between De Soto and Red June reported by Hansen, the originator, in the preceding reference as worthy of further testing.
Walker Seedling. Domestica. 1. Can.Hort.21:390. 1898.
A seedling raised by A. W. Walker, Clarksburg, Ontario. Fruit of medium size, dark maroon; flesh greenish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet, pleasant; freestone; early.
Wallace. Americana. 1. Meneray Cat.
A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree healthy, vigorous and productive; fruit large, inclined to oblong, bright yellow overspread with red; flesh firm; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.
Walter. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut.Obst.Sort.431. 1881.
Produced by Herr Walter in Altenburg, Germany; valuable for table and market purposes. Tree vigorous; shoots glabrous; fruit roundishoval, medium; suture deep; halves usually equal; stem thick, straight, strongly hairy; skin not adherent, dark brown; bloom thick; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy; like Reine Claude in flavor; early.
Walther Pflaume. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom.Pom.453. 1889.
The reference by Mathieu came from MonatsschriftfürPomologie 281. 1858.
Ward October Red. Rivularis ×? 1. Munson Cat.10. 1902-3.
Found in Clay County, Texas, by Robert Ward; introduced by T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree very vigorous and hardy, spreading habit, very productive; fruit dark bright red with meaty flesh; excellent quality; stone small; ripens in Texas in September and October.
Warner. Domestica. 1. W. N. Y . Hort. Soc. Rpt. 31:60. 1886. 2. CornellSta.Bul.131:193. 1897.
Warner’s Late 1. Warner’s Late Red 2.
Warner originated in Schoharie County, New York, and was introduced by S. D. Willard, Geneva, New York. It is a late variety too small and unattractive for commercial purposes. Fruit below medium in size, roundish; cavity shallow; suture a line; stem threequarters of an inch long; skin moderately thick, dull greenish-red;
bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, sweet, mild; quality fair to good; stone oval, slightly flattened, clinging; season very late.
Warren. Americana. 1. Terry Cat.5. 1900.
Grown from seed of Hawkeye by H. A. Terry; first fruited in 1897. Fruit large, mottled light red, with thin bloom; late.
Wastesa. Species? 1. Cir.S.Dak.Exp.Sta.1910.
StateFairNo.161.
A seedling of some native plum; grown and sent out by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station.
Waterloo Pflaume. Domestica? 1. Mathieu Nom.Pom.453. 1889.
DucdeWaterloo1. PrunedeWaterloo1.
This may be identical with Golden Drop although Mathieu separates them.
Watson. Triflora × Angustifolia varians? 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:21. 1898.
A seedling of Kelsey thought to have been pollinated by Lone Star; originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates in 1897. Tree vigorous, open; fruit large, pointed, red when fully ripe; flesh yellow, juicy, melting; stone nearly free, small.
Watts. Species? 1. Am.Pom.Soc.Rpt.166. 1885.
Mentioned as grown by Dr. D. S. Watts of Madison County, Mississippi.
Waugh. Triflora × Hortulana. 1. Vt.Sta.An.Rpt. 14:273. 1901. 2. RuralN.Y . 61:658. 1902. 3. Ibid.65:730. 1906.
Grown by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, from seed of Chabot fertilized with Wayland; introduced in 1901. Favorably reported where tested. Tree vigorous, rapid and shapely in growth; fruit medium to large, roundish inclining to oblong; cavity shallow; stem slender; dark purplish-red; dots few and indistinct; flesh yellow, firm, meaty; very good; stone small, semi-clinging; mid-season or early.
Wax. Domestica. 1. Cultivator 3:19. 1855. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 425. 1889.
Cire 2. WaxPlum2.
Raised by Elisha Dorr of Albany, New York; thought to be a cross between Bleeker and Denniston Superb; resembles Bleeker in growth and productiveness of tree; fruit large, slightly oval; stem very long; deep yellow overspread with carmine; flesh greenishyellow, juicy, firm, sweet with a sprightly flavor; clingstone; late.
Wazata. Nigra? 1. CornellSta.Bul. 38:42. 1892. 2. Bailey Ev. Nat. Fruits190. 1898. 3. Waugh PlumCult.171. 1901.
Found wild in Minnesota; introduced by P. M. Gideon and W. F. Heikes. Tree upright, very ornamental in bloom; fruit small to medium, round, dull red; flesh yellow; inferior; clingstone; midseason to late.
Webster Gage. Domestica. 1. Watkins Cat. 1892. 2. Guide Prat. 157, 364. 1895. 3. Garden56:344. 1899.
Reine-Claude de Webster 2. WebsterGage2. Webster’s Gage 1, 3.
Tree bears regularly but sparsely; fruit larger than Reine Claude, a little more oval in shape, yellowish-green; flesh yellowish, tender, soft, juicy, rich; mid-season.
Weeping Blood. Triflora. 1. HillSideNurserySp.Cir . 1895-6.
From J. L. Normand of Marksville, Louisiana; produces blood-red plums of good quality; valuable only as an ornamental.
Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889.
WeisseZeiberl1.
Mathieu found reference to this variety in Wiener Garten-Zeitung 290. 1884.
Welch. Americana. 1. Meneray Cat.
Grown by H. A. Terry from seed of Hammer; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree upright, vigorous; fruit large, bright red on a yellow ground; flesh yellow, rich; clingstone; midseason.
Welcome. Americana. 1. Can.Exp.FarmsRpt.100. 1903.
A handsome seedling of De Soto grown by the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit above medium size, oval, flattened; cavity narrow, shallow; rich yellow, more or less washed with red; dots very small, yellow, indistinct; bloom thin; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; mid-season.
Weisse Kaiserin. Domestica. 1. Oberdieck Deut. Obst. Sort. 418. 1881. 2. Mathieu Nom.Pom.431. 1889.
Datte Jaune 2. Gelbe Marunke 2. Grosse Gelbe Dattel Pflaume 2. Grosse Gelbe Dattel Zwetsche 2. Imperial Jaune 2. Prune Datte 2. WeisseKaiserin2.
Probably of German origin; tree medium in size, a rapid grower, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval; suture shallow; stem short, glabrous; skin not adherent, whitish-yellow, the sunny side dull red, sometimes dotted with red; dots numerous, fine, yellowish; bloom thin; flesh whitish-yellow, firm, very juicy, highly flavored; good for dessert and cooking; clingstone; late.
Werder’sche Frühzwetsche. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom.454. 1889.
StengelPflaume.
Wetherell. Domestica. 1. Mag.Hort. 6:92. 1840.
Col. Wetherell 1.
Originated by Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada, about 1830. Spoken of highly at the time of its origin; valuable for commercial purposes.
Wetherill’s Sweet. Insititia. 1. Prince Treat. Hort. 27. 1828. 2. Lond.Hort.Soc.Cat.154. 1831.
A Damson-like plum; small, sweet and delicious; clingstone; early.
Whatisit. Prunusbesseyi× Americana. 1. Kerr Cat.18. 1899-1900.
Grown by Theodore Williams of Nebraska from seed of Prunus besseyi pollinated by an Americana; introduced by J. W. Kerr. Tree upright and vigorous, bears early, productive; fruit small, spherical inclining to oblong, dark purplish-red.
Wheat. Insititia. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 209. 1676. 3. Ray Hist. Plant. 2:1529. 1688. 4. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 154. 1831. 5. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 293, 383. 1846. 6. Downing Fr . Trees Am. 913. 1869. 7. Hogg Fruit Man.730. 1884.
English Wheat 6. GreatWhitton4. Nutmeg2. Nutmeg4, 5, 6. Red Wheate 1. Wheaten 3. Wheaten 4, 5. Whitton 4, 5. Wheat Plum 5. WheatPlum6. Wheaton6. Whitlow6.
During the Seventeenth Century this name was applied to all Insititia plums and is still so used in parts of Europe. Whitaker. Munsoniana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:51, 86. 1892. 2.
Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 74. 1895. 3. Waugh Plum Cult. 190. 1901. 4. Ill.Hort.Soc.Rpt.212. 1904.
Whitacre 4.
Whitaker is a seedling of Wild Goose raised and introduced by J. T. Whitaker of Tyler, Texas. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bright red; bloom thin; dots many, distinct; flesh yellow, sweet; quality fair; stone small, long-oval, pointed, flat, clinging; mid-season. Listed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society since 1899.
Whitby. Species? 1. Can.Hort.18:350. 1895.
A seedling exhibited at the Toronto Industrial Fair in 1895 by the originator, J. K. Gordon, Whitby, Canada.
White Corn. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 154. 1831.
White Diaper. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr.TreesAm.952. 1869.
DiapreBlanc1. DiapréeBlanche1.
This variety seems to have been known only by Downing who says it is a small, round plum with a whitish-green skin covered with bloom; flesh rather firm, pale yellow, sweet; good; mid-season.
White Honey Damson. Insititia. 1. Wild Bros. Cat.1892.
A sweet yellow Damson.
White Muscle. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par.Ter. 576. 1629.
WhiteMussell1.
A strain of the Muscle plum differing from it only in its greenishwhite color.
White Otschakoff. Domestica. 1. Am.Pom. Soc.Rpt.61. 1887. 2. Bailey Ann.Hort.18. 1889.
BielayaOtschakorskaya1.
One of the numerous varieties imported from East Europe by the Iowa Agricultural College about 1882. At one time recommended for the prairie states by Professor Budd.
White Pear. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Langley Pomona 96, 97. 1729. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 154. 1831. 4. Prince Pom.Man. 2:104. 1831.
Late White Pear 1.
A variety of ancient and unknown origin. Fruit medium in size, obovate; flesh adhering to the stone.
White Peascod. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Rea Flora208. 1676.
Peascod Plum 2. White Pescod 1.
Mentioned by the early writers; similar to the Green and Red Peascod.
White Prune. Americana. 1. Ia.Hort.Soc.Rpt.228. 1909.
Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; not yet introduced. Fruit long-oval, yellow, partly over-spread with red; bloom thick, conspicuous; skin thick, tough, acrid; flesh very firm, meaty, sweetish; good; freestone.
White Queen. Domestica. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 7:95, Pl. 1859. 2. Mas Le Verger 6:101, fig. 1866-73. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 721. 1884. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889. 5. Mich. Sta. Bul. 177:42, 43. 1899.
NeueWeisseKaiserin 4. Prune Reine Blanche 1. Reine Blanche 2, 3. ReineBlanche2, 4. ReineBlanchedeGalopin4. WeisseKönigin2. Weisse Königin 4.
Raised by M. Galopin, a nurseryman of Liege, Belgium, about 1844; introduced into America by the United States Department of Agriculture about 1890. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size, roundish-ovate, flattened at the ends, yellowish-white, sometimes tinged with red; suture shallow; cavity shallow, wide; flesh greenishyellow, juicy, aromatic; good; stone small, oval, clinging; late.
White Sweet Damson. Insititia. 1. Mag.Hort. 6:123. 1840.
Originated as a seedling in Essex County, New York, sometime previous to 1840.
White Wheat. Insititia. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 576. 1629. 2. Knoop Fructologie2:63. 1771.
Spilling Jaune-simple 2. White Wheate 1.
A yellow variety of the Wheat plum of Europe. Fruit small, oval, yellow; fair quality.
White Virginal. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:73. 1831. 2. Poiteau Pom.Franc.1. 1846. 3. U. S. Pat.Off. Rpt.306. 1854. 4. Bridgeman Gard.Ass’t130. 1857. 5. Mas LeVerger 6:129. 1866-73. 6. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889. 7. Guide Prat. 158, 367. 1895.
AltesseBlanche?6, 7. DoubleBeurreWitte?6, 7. Peach3. Précoce 7. PrunePrécoce?6. PruneVirginale2. Virginalàgros fruitblanc1. Virginalblanc 1. Virginale 4. VirginaleàFruit Blanc 6, 7. Virginaleà gros fruitblanc5, 6, 7. VirginalBlanche6. Virginale blanche 3, 5, 7. Virgin6. WhiteVirginal4. WhiteVirginale6. Weisse Jungfernpflaume 6. WeisseJungfernpflaume5, 7.
A variety confused by Downing with the Red Virginal. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture a line; greenish-yellow; bloom heavy; flesh pale greenish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; clingstone; mid-season.
Whyte. Nigra. 1. Can.Exp. Farm. Bul.2nd Ser. 3:57. 1900. 2. Ibid. 43:39. 1903.
Whyte’s Red Seedling 1.
Grown by R. B. Whyte, Ottawa, Canada; under test at the Central Experimental Farm, under the name “Whyte R. B., No. 3.” Fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity narrow; suture a line; apex rounded; deep red; dots and bloom lacking; skin thin, tender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone long, semi-clinging; mid-season.
Whitley. Domestica. 1. Hogg FruitMan.731. 1884.
Whitley’s 1.
Fruit below medium size, round; suture faint; stem on a slight elevation, of medium length, slender; red with yellow dots, darker on the side next the sun; flesh yellow with white veins, juicy, sweet and well flavored; clingstone; late.
Wier. Americana. 1. Am. Gard. 13:460. 1892. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:45, 86. 1892. 3. Wis.Sta.Bul.63:63. 1897.
Wier Large Red 1. Wier’s Large Red 2, 3.
Originated by D. B. Wier of Illinois; resembles Miner, but is no better than that variety. Fruit large, round; skin thin, red; flesh yellow, moderately firm; fair to good; clingstone.
Wier No. 50. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat.1894. 2. Wis.Sta. Bul.63:63. 1897.
Wier’s No. 50, 1, 2.
From D. B. Wier of Illinois. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive, bears annually; fruit large, round, dark red over yellow; good; clingstone; mid-season.
Wilde. Domestica. 1. Horticulturist 7:402. 1852. 2. Downing Fr . TreesAm.953. 1869.
Wilde’s 1.
Raised by a Mr. Comack from a stone brought from Italy by R. H. Wilde. Tree productive; fruit medium to large, oval-oblong, greenishyellow; flesh yellowish-green, firm, dry, sweet; clingstone; early.
Wilder. Munsoniana. 1. CornellSta.Bul. 38:78. 1892. 2. Terry Cat. 1899. 3. Ala. Coll. Sta. Bul. 112:178. 1900. 4. Waugh Plum Cult.175. 1901.
Col. Wilder 1, 2. ColonelWilder4. President Wilder 3.
Wilder was grown from seed of Wild Goose in 1885 by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; skin firm, dark red; bloom thin; dots distinct; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; quality good; stone large, oval, clinging; mid-season.
Wild Goose Improved. Munsoniana. 1. Stark Cat.29. 1910.
An improved strain of Wild Goose introduced by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri, in 1910.
Wildrose. Americana. 1. Am.Pom. Soc.Rpt. 134. 1887. 2. Cornell Sta.Bul.38:45, 86. 1892. 3. Wis.Sta.Bul.63:64. 1897.
A wild seedling found in Minnesota; introduced in 1880 by A. W. Sias, Rochester, Minnesota. Fruit large, round, yellow blushed with red; flesh firm; clingstone; early to mid-season.
Wilkinson. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr.TreesAm.400. 1857.
Tree vigorous; branches smooth, rather slender; fruit of medium size, oval, slightly necked; skin reddish-purple; bloom thick; stalk medium, set in a small cavity; flesh dark yellow, firm, sweet, not rich; semi-clinging; late.
Willamette. Domestica.
For a discussion of this plum see the Pacific.
Williams. Nigra? 1. Kerr Cat. 1894. 2. Ibid. 15. 1897. 3. Wis. Sta. Bul.63:64. 1897.
Tree vigorous, healthy, moderately productive; fruit large, oblong, pointed, red; clingstone; early.
Wilmeth Late. Species? 1. Tex.Sta.Bul.32:490. 1894.
Noticed in the preceding reference as on trial.
Wilson. Americana. 1. Wis.Sta.Bul.63:64. 1897.
Noted in the preceding reference as a very early fine plum.
Wine Plum. Domestica. 1. Coxe Cult.Fr . Trees237. 1817. 2. Prince Pom.Man. 2:101. 1832.
Much like the Yellow Egg in appearance but smaller, oblong, pale green; stem long; flesh rich, juicy and well flavored; early.
Winesour. Insititia. 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr . Trees 21. 1803. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:101. 1832. 3. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 294, 383. 1846. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:17. 1873. 5. Mathieu Nom.Pom.453. 1889. 6. GuidePrat.163, 367. 1895.
Rotherham 3, 5, 6. Sauere Weinpflaume 4. Sauere Wein Pflaume
Von Yorkshire 5, 6. Sour Wine Plum of Yorkshire 5, 6. Vineuse acidule 4, 5. Vineuse-Acidule 6. Vinisour 6. Weinsauerliche Pflaume 5. Weinsauerliche Zwetsche 4, 6. Winesour 6. Winesour Plum 5. YorkshireWinesour5, 6.
An old English variety from Rotherham in Yorkshire, where it is highly esteemed for making preserves. Fruit of the Damson type, small, oval; stem one-half inch long; dark purple; dots dark colored;
flesh greenish-yellow, sometimes tinged with red towards the stone, sour; stone long, slender, pointed, clinging; late.
Winnebago. Americana. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 286. 1887. 2. Wis. Sta.Bul.63:64. 1897. 3. Colo.Sta.Bul.50:47. 1898.
From Minnesota; tree vigorous, rigid and thorny, moderately productive; fruit medium in size, round, irregular; stem long, slender; cavity deep; yellow overspread with deep red; skin thin; flesh yellowish, soft, of inferior flavor; stone elliptical, somewhat oblique, rather flat, rounded at both ends, clinging; mid-season.
Winter Creke. Domestica. 1. Parkinson Par.Ter. 576. 1629.
Noted by Parkinson as very late.
Winter Damson. Insititia. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 146. 1831. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:89. 1832. 3. Downing Fr . Trees Am.297. 1845. 4. Hooper W. Fr. Book 244. 1857. 5. Mas Pom. Gen. 2:145. 1873.
Black Damson 3. Blue Damson 2. Blue Damascene 2. Common Blue Damson 2. Common Damson 3. Damas d’Hiver 5. Damson 2. Damson 2, 3. Damson Winter 4. Early Damson 3. Late Damson 2. Late Purple Damson 2. Purple Damson 3. Purple Winter Damson 2. WinterDamson2, 5.
Mas thought that this variety originated in America, but since it was first noted in England it is probably an importation to the New World from that country. Downing distinguished it from the common Damson by its extreme lateness. Tree medium in size; fruit roundish, small; suture a line; purplish-black; bloom thick; flesh greenishyellow, juicy, acid, with a slight astringency; good for preserving; clingstone.
Wiseman. Domestica. Mentioned in Wild Bros. Cat.1908.
Wiseman’s Prune.
Wohanka. Triflora × Americana. 1. S.Dak.Sta.Bul.108. 1908.
A hybrid between De Soto and Red June grown by Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station who considers it worthy of trial.
Wolf and Japan. Triflora × Americana mollis. 1. Ill.Hort.Soc. Rpt. 424. 1905.
Listed with a number of plums which were tested by H. T. Thompson, Marengo, Illinois.
Wolf Clingstone. Americana mollis. 1. Wis.Sta. Bul. 87:18. 1901. 2. S.Dak.Sta.Bul.93:13. 1905.
Clingstone Wolf. Wolf Cling 1.
Propagated and sent out in many cases as the true Wolf which it much resembles except that it is darker in color and is a clingstone. It seems to be more resistant to diseases and insects than Wolf.
Woolston. Domestica. 1. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:53. 1855. 2. Horticulturist 13:168. 1858. 3. Mas Le Verger 6:153, fig. 77. 1866-73. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 454. 1889. 5. Can. Exp. FarmsRpt.433. 1905.
Reine-Claude de Woolston 5. Reine-Claude Noire de Woolston 3. Woolston Black 4. Woolston Black Gage 1. Woolston Gage 2. Woolston’sBlackGage3, 4. Woolston’s Violette Reine-Claude 4.
Raised by a Mr. Dowling of Southampton, England. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish, purplish-black; suture not pronounced; cavity deep and wide; stem medium in length, slender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, sugary, tender, aromatic; very good; freestone; mid-season.
Wooster. Munsoniana. 1. Wis.Sta.Bul.63:65. 1897.
Mentioned in the preceding reference as not being hardy in Minnesota.
Wooten. Munsoniana. 1. CornellSta.Bul. 38:65. 1892. 2. Thomas Am.FruitCult.492. 1897. 3. Waugh PlumCult.191. 1901.
Wootton 2.
Wooten was found growing wild in Burnet County, Texas, in 1876, by F. T. Ramsey; introduced by A. N. Ramsey & Son. Fruit oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bright red; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality good; stone large, clinging; mid-season.
Worth. Americana. 1. Kerr Cat.7. 1902-3.
Originated by Theodore Williams of Nebraska; named and introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1902. Tree vigorous, healthy and productive; fruit large, round-oblong, purplish-red on a greenishyellow ground; semi-clinging; mid-season.
Wragg. Americana. 1. Meneray Cat.
A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive; fruit very large, yellow blotched with dark red; flesh yellow, firm, rich; good; clingstone; mid-season.
Wragg Freestone. Species? 1. Wis.Sta.Bul.87:18. 1901.
Received by the Wisconsin Experiment Station from Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa. Fruit medium to small, roundish, dark purplish-red with numerous elongated yellowish markings; bloom heavy; stem long, slender; skin tender, not harsh; flesh greenishyellow, crisp, very rich but harsh near the center; stone round, grooved, semi-clinging.
Wunder von New York. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom.454. 1889.
MervilledeNewYork.
Wyandotte. Species? 1. Mich.Hort.Soc.Rpt.290. 1889.
Professor Budd of Iowa mentioned this plum as hardy and as bearing continuously.
Wyant and Japan. Triflora × Americana. 1. Ill.Hort.Soc.Rpt.420. 1905.
Mentioned in a list of varieties under test by H. T. Thompson, Marengo, Illinois. Said to be a hybrid seedling; fruit light red; fair
quality; freestone; mid-season.
Wyckoff. Munsoniana. 1. LinnCountyNur.Cat.
Wyckoff was found growing wild along the Cedar River, Iowa, by a Mr. Wyckoff; introduced by Snyder Brothers, Center Point, Iowa.
Wyedale. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 732. 1884. 2. Garden 58:395. 1900. 3. Thompson Gard.Ass’t 4:159. 1901.
From Yorkshire, England; much grown in the northern parts of England. Tree very productive, strong and upright in growth; fruit small, oval; cavity small; dark purple, almost black; flesh greenishyellow, brisk, juicy, agreeably flavored; clingstone; late.
Wyzerka. Domestica. 1. Kan. Sta. Bul. 73:191. 1897. 2. Ibid. 101:121, Pl. 6 fig. 1. 1901. 3. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 328. 1903.
Wiezerka 1, 2.
Wyzerka is one of the numerous Russian varieties imported by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station. There seems to have been some confusion in the distribution of this plum, for Budd and Hansen, in reference three, describe Wyzerka as a large, oval, yellow plum with a fine peach-like flavor; the variety sent to this Station under this name bears a small, purplish-black, Damson-like fruit, long-oval in form, cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bloom very heavy; flesh yellow, juicy, slightly fibrous, sweet, mild; flavor good; stone oval, small, free; mid-season.
Yates. Triflora × Angustifolia varians. 1. Vt. Sta. Bul. 67:22. 1898. 2. Vt.Sta.An.Rpt. 14:275. 1901.
From seed of Kelsey thought to have been pollinated with Lone Star; originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates, 1897. Tree thrifty, healthy; fruit large, roundish, red when fully ripe; clingstone; mid-season.
Yellow Americana. Species? Letter from Kerr.
Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska.
Yellow Egg. Species? 1. Wis.Sta.Bul.63:66. 1897.
Goff mentions a variety under this name which differs from the older plum of the same name. Tree of weeping habit, productive; fruit long; freestone.
Yellow, 43 Fischer. Domestica. 1. Bailey Ann.Hort.18. 1889.
Introduced into this country from Russia by Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa.
Yellow Impératrice. Domestica. 1. Ann.Pom. Belge 55, Pl. 1853. 2. Pom.France 7: No. 11. 1871. 3. Mas LeVerger 6:113, fig. 1866-73. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 732. 1884. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom.431. 1889. 6. Cat.Cong.Pom.France461. 1906.
Altesse Blanche 4, 5. D’Altesse Blanche 6. De Monsieur Jaune 3. Gelbe Herrn Pflaume 5. ImpératriceJaune3, ?5. Jaune de Monsieur 2. JaunedeMonsieur5, 6. MonsieuràFruitsJaune4, 5. Monsieur à Fruits Jaunes 3. Monsieur à Fruits Jaunes 5, 6. Monsieur Jaune 6. Prune de Monsieur Jaune 5. Prune de Monsieur Jaune 1. Prune de Monsieur , VarietèJaune 5. PruneMonsieur Jaune 2. Pruned’Altesse Blanche2, 5. VirginaleBlanche4, ?5. YellowImpératrice?3, 5.
M. Jacquin, nurseryman of Paris, France, obtained this plum from seed of a cross between the Orleans and the Reine Claude planted about 1820; brought to notice in 1845. Mas considered Hogg’s and Downing’s Yellow Impératrice as different from the French variety. Tree medium in vigor; fruit medium in size, usually roundish-oval; suture broad; halves unequal; skin not adhering, golden-yellow, dotted and streaked with carmine-red; flesh yellow, juicy, very sweet and aromatic; freestone; mid-season.
Yellow Imperial. Domestica. 1. Prince Pom.Man. 2:59. 1832.
Imperialjaune1. Impériale jaune 1.
Described by Prince as distinct from Yellow Egg which it much resembles but differing in that it is somewhat smaller, about two weeks earlier and slightly more acid.
Yellow Jack. Domestica. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 154. 1831.
Yellow Jerusalem. Domestica. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 732. 1884. 2. Mathieu Nom.Pom.436. 1889.
Jahns Gelbe Jerusalems Pflaume 2. Jahn’s Jerusalems Pflaume 2. Jerusalem Jaune 1, 2. Jahn’s Gelbe Jerusalems-pflaume 1. Yellow Jerusalem2.
Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; cavity deep; deep yellow with crimson specks next the sun; flesh yellow, with white veins, tender, juicy, brisk, sweet, very good; clingstone; midseason.
Yellow Magnum Bonum. Domestica. 1. Jour . Hort. N. S. 17:228. 1869.
According to the preceding reference this variety is distinct from the Yellow Egg (White Magnum Bonum). Fruit medium in size, oval, dull yellow sprinkled with red dots; rich; clingstone; young shoots smooth.
Yellow Nagate. Triflora. 1. Am.Pom. Soc.Rpt.106. 1891. 2. Can. Exp.FarmBul.2nd Ser. 3:57. 1900.
A little known Triflora very closely resembling if not identical with some of the standard yellow Trifloras.
Yellow Oregon. Hortulana. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:66. 1897. 2. Vt. Sta.An.Rpt.11:287. 1898.
Described by Waugh from specimens received by him from B. A. Matthews, Iowa. Fruit small, nearly spherical; suture a faint line; bright golden-yellow; dots many, whitish; skin thick and strong; flesh yellow and not very firm; quality medium; stone large, smooth, clinging; inferior in size and quality to Captain or Cumberland.
Yellow Panhandle. Angustifolia watsoni. 1. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:66. 1897. 2. Bailey Ev. Nat.Fruits222, 223. 1898. 3. Waugh Plum Cult.234. 1901. 4. Ga.Sta.Bul.67:285. 1904.
A variety from the Panhandle of Texas; introduced by F. T. Ramsey of Austin, Texas. Tree forms a close symmetrical head; fruit small, roundish-oblong, yellow overspread with clear bright red; dots few, indistinct; skin tough; flesh yellow, hard; quality poor; stone medium, oval, turgid, clinging.
Yellow Roman Bullace. Insititia. Mentioned in Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat.144. 1831.
Yellow Sweet. Americana. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:46. 1892. 2. Colo.Sta.Bul.50:47. 1898. 3. Waugh PlumCult.168. 1901.
Thought to have originated in Minnesota. Tree small; fruit large, round inclining to oblong; suture distinct; stem short and stout; yellow more or less mottled and shaded with red; bloom thin; flesh firm, juicy, rich, sweet; good; stone round, flat, clinging.
Yellow Transparent. Angustifolia varians. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 162. 1881. 2. Am.Pom. Soc. Cat.25. 1897. 3. OhioSta. Bul. 113:156. 1899. 4. Waugh PlumCult.200. 1901.
Transparent4 incor. TransparentYellow2.
Selected from a seedling orchard of two thousand trees planted near Denison, Texas, by J. L. Freeman. Tree vigorous, forming a handsome top, productive; fruit medium in size, oblong, bright yellow; skin thin and tough, reported to crack badly in some localities; flesh soft and watery, sweet and good; clingstone; early.
Yellow Wildgoose. Munsoniana? 1. Van Lindley Cat.42. 1899.
Said to have been introduced by R. Bates of Jackson, South Carolina. Fruit large, equal in size to Wild Goose with better quality; ripens at the same time.
Yellow Yosemite. Species? 1. Gard.Mon. 20:176. 1878. 2. Mich. Sta.Bul.118:52, 55. 1895.
Yosemite 1. Yosemite Yellow 2.
Yellow Yosemite came from the “Rocky Mountains” about 1870 with the Purple Yosemite; introduced by W. S. Carpenter, Rye, New
York. Fruit roundish; suture a line; skin thick, tough, yellow, with reddish tinge; flesh yellow, sweet, tender; stone roundish-ovate, clinging; mid-season.
Yohe. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr.TreesAm.954. 1869.
Yohes Eagle 1.
Noticed by Downing who says it is an accidental seedling in the garden of Caleb Yohe, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
York State Prune. Domestica. 1. Thomas Am.FruitCult.504, 505. 1897. 2. Greene Cat.1897. 3. Sweet Cat.13. 1897. 4. W. N. Y.Hort.Soc.Rpt.44:92. 1899.
Large German Prune 3. YorkStatePrune3.
A seedling grown near Dansville, New York. As tested at this Station and by many fruit-growers it is identical with Italian Prune.
Young. Domestica. 1. Downing Fr.TreesAm.955. 1869.
Young’sSeedling1.
From Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, roundishoval, deep reddish-purple; flesh yellow, sweet; good; freestone; midseason.
Yukon. Nigra? 1. Can.Exp.FarmsRpt.426. 1900.
A seedling grown at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Canada. Fruit of medium size, red; skin thick; good; early.
Yuteca. Species? 1. Cir.S.Dak.Exp.Sta.1910.
SouthDakotaNo.81.
A very early ripening seedling of some native plum grown by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station; sent out in 1907.
Zahlbruckner Damascene. Species? Mentioned in Mathieu Nom. Pom.455. 1889.
Zahlbruckner’sVioletteDamascene.
Zekanta. Species? 1. Cir.S.Dak.Exp.Sta.1910.
A large yellow seedling of some native plum grown and introduced by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station.
Zucchetta Gialla. Species? Listed in Mathieu Nom. Pom. 455. 1889.
Zulu. Species? 1. Vt.Sta.An.Rpt. 12:230. 1899.
Grown by Luther Burbank who says in regard to its parentage “It is a mystery, being three or four generations from innumerable crosses, and resembles no other known species or variety.” Fruit medium in size, round or somewhat oblate; suture shallow; cavity broad, open; stem short, strong; very dark dull red, almost black; dots many, minute, whitish; bloom thick; skin thin and tender; flesh firm, juicy, red, rich and sweet; quality good to best; stone medium large, rounded, only slightly flattened, clinging.
Zuzac. Domestica. 1. Kerr Cat.25. 1897.
Similar in appearance to Townsend.
Zwergpflaume. Domestica. 1. Kraft Pom. Aust. 2:35, Tab. 183 fig. 2. 1796.
Die kleine Zwergpflaume 1. Prunenain1.
Tree low; leaves lance-shaped, short-stemmed; flowers small, fragrant; petals long, not widely opened; fruit hanging on a long stem, the size and appearance of a cherry except that it is more elongated; pleasant; sometimes sourish and flat.
Zwetsche Professor Wittmack. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 455. 1889.
Referenced by Mathieu from Garten-flora142. 1888.
Zwetsche Von der Worms. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 455. 1889. 2. GuidePrat.163, 368. 1895.
Grosse Blaue Zwetsche Von der Worms 1, 2. Quetsche Grosse BlauedelaWorms1, 2.
Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval, bluish-black; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm; mid-season.
