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LisaKeenan-Lindsay,RN,MN,PNC(C)
Professor,SchoolofNursing SenecaCollegeofAppliedArtsandTechnology Toronto,Ontario
CherylA.Sams,RN,BScN,MSN
ProfessorEmerita,SchoolofNursing SenecaCollegeofAppliedArtsandTechnology Toronto,Ontario
Constance(Connie)O’Connor,MN,RN(EC)
NursePractitioner Ehlers-DanlosSyndrome(EDS) Clinic&ConnectiveTissueDisordersProgram TheHospitalforSickChildren(SickKids®) Toronto,Ontario
US6thEditionAuthors
Maternity
ShannonE.Perry,RN,PhD,FAAN ProfessorEmerita,SchoolofNursing SanFranciscoStateUniversity SanFrancisco,California
DeitraLeonardLowdermilk,RNC,PhD,FAAN ClinicalProfessorEmerita,SchoolofNursing UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill ChapelHill,NorthCarolina
MaryCatherine(Kitty)Cashion,RN-BC,MSN ClinicalNurseSpecialist,CollegeofMedicine DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology,DivisionofMaternal-FetalMedicine UniversityofTennesseeHealthScienceCenter Memphis,Tennessee
KathrynRhodesAlden,EdD,MSN,RN,IBCLC AssociateProfessor,SchoolofNursing UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill ChapelHill,NorthCarolina
AssociateEditor
EllenF.Olshansky,PhD,RN,WHNP-BC,NC-BC,FAAN ProfessorandChair,DepartmentofNursing SuzanneDworak-PeckSchoolofSocialWork UniversityofSouthernCalifornia LosAngeles,California
Pediatrics
MarilynJ.Hockenberry,PhD,RN,PPCNP-BC,FAAN BessieBakerProfessorofNursingandProfessorofPediatrics AssociateDeanofResearchAffairs,SchoolofNursing Chair,DukeInstitutionalReviewBoard
DukeUniversity Durham,NorthCarolina
DavidWilson,MS,RNC-NIC(deceased)
Staff
Children’sHospitalatSaintFrancis Tulsa,Oklahoma
CherylC.Rodgers,PhD,RN,CPNP,CPON AssistantProfessor DukeUniversitySchoolofNursing Durham,NorthCarolina
PERRY’SMATERNALCHILDNURSINGCAREINCANADA,ISBN:978-0-323-75919-9
THIRDEDITION
Copyright © 2022byElsevier,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
Adaptedfrom MaternalChildNursingCare,SixthEdition,byShannonE.Perry,MarilynJ.Hockenberry,Deitra LeonardLowdermilk,DavidWilson,MaryCatherine(Kitty)Cashion,CherylC.Rodgers,KathrynRhodesAlden, andassociateeditor,EllenOlshansky.Copyright © 2018ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.Previouseditions copyrighted2014,2010,2006,2002,and1998. 978-0-323-54938-7(hardcover)
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AbouttheAuthors,xxiii Contributors,xxv Reviewers,xxvii Preface,xxix
Acknowledgements,xxxiii
PART1 MaternalChildNursing
UNIT1 IntroductiontoMaternalChildNursing
1 ContemporaryPerinatalandPediatricNursing inCanada, 2
EricaHurley Perinatalandpediatricnursing,2 Thehistoryandcontextofhealthcare inCanada,2 Contemporaryissuesandtrends,3 SocialDeterminantsofHealth,3 Trauma-andViolence-InformedCare,6 AdverseChildhoodExperiences,7 IndigenousPeople,7 Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transsexual/Queer/2-Spirited (LGBTQ2)Health,7 Culture,8 IntegrativeHealingandAlternateHealth Practices,8 High-TechnologyCare,8 SocialMedia,8 HealthLiteracy,9 Specializationandevidence-informednursing practice,9 Evidence-InformedorResearch-Based Practice,9 StandardsofPracticeandLegalIssuesin DeliveryofCare,10 PatientSafetyandRiskManagement,10 InterprofessionalEducation,10 Globalhealth,10 SustainableDevelopmentGoals,10 Ethicalissuesinmaternalchildnursing,12 EthicalGuidelinesforNursingResearch,12 Keypoints,12 References,13 Additionalresources,14
2 TheFamilyandCulture, 15 KarenMacKinnon OriginatingUSChapterby ShannonE.Perry Thefamilyinculturalandcommunity context,15 TheFamilyinSociety,15 DefiningFamily,15 FamilyDynamics,16 Familynursing,17
TheoriesasGuidestoUnderstandingandWorking WithFamilies,17 FamilyAssessment,18 FamilyNursingasRelationalInquiry,19 Culturalfactorsrelatedtohealth,20 MulticulturalisminCanada,20 CulturalContextoftheFamily,21 ProvidingCulturallyCompetentNursingCare,21 Spirituality,23 Communication,23 PersonalSpace,24 TimeOrientation,24 FamilyRoles,24 Keypoints,25 References,26 Additionalresources,26
3 CommunityCare, 27 JudyBuchan RolesandFunctionsofCommunityHealth Nurses,28 CoreCompetencies,28 PublicHealthDecisionMaking,28 CommunityHealthPromotion,29 Communities,31 CommunityNursingProcess,31 ImplicationsforNursing,34 HomeCareintheCommunity,35 PatientSelectionandReferral,35 NursingCare,35 PhoneandOnlineHealthSupport,37 KeyPoints,38 References,38 AdditionalResources,39
PART2 PerinatalNursing
UNIT2 IntroductiontoPerinatalNursing
4 PerinatalNursinginCanada, 42 LisaKeenan-Lindsay Perinatalservicesincanada,42 Family-centredmaternityandnewborncare,44 PromotingHealthyandNormalBirth,44 CaringforFamilies,45 ProvidingCareinaCulturallySafeManner,45 CareEnvironment,47 Perinatalhealthindicators:thecanadianperinatal surveillancesystem,48
Childbirth-RelatedMortalityRate,49 MaternalMorbidity,49 TrendsinFertilityandBirthRate,49 MultipleBirthRate,49
PretermBirthandBirthWeight,49
HealthServiceIndicators,50
Currentissuesaffectingperinatalnursing practice,50
HealthInequitiesWithinPerinatalPopulations,50
InterprofessionalCare,51
BreastfeedinginCanada,51
Community-BasedCare,51
GlobalHealth,52
Keypoints,52 References,52
Additionalresources,53
UNIT3 Women’sHealth
5 HealthPromotion, 54
KerryLynnDurnford OriginatingUSChapterby EllenF.Olshansky
Reasonsforenteringthehealthcare system,54
WellnessCareAcrosstheLifespan,54
Approachestocareatspecificstagesduringthe lifespan,56
FertilityControlandInfertility,56
PreconceptionCounsellingandCare,56
Pregnancy,56
MenstrualConcerns,56
PerimenopauseandMenopause,56
Barrierstoreceivinghealthcare,56
FinancialIssues,57
CulturalIssues,58
GenderIssues,58
Riskfactorsthatimpacthealth,58 SubstanceUse,58 Nutrition,61
LackofExercise,62
Stress,63
Depression,Anxiety,andOtherMentalHealth Conditions,63
SleepDisorders,63
EnvironmentalandWorkplaceHazards,64
SexualPractices,64
MedicalConditions,64
GynecologicalConditions,65
FemaleGenitalCutting,65
HumanTrafficking,65
IntimatePartnerViolence,65
Healthpromotionandillnessprevention,68
HealthScreeningforWomenAcrosstheLifespan,68
Healthteaching,70
DomainsofLearning,70
AdultLearning,70
LearningStyles,70
TeachingMethods,71 FactorsThatInfluenceLearning,72
Keypoints,72 References,72 Additionalresources,74
6 HealthAssessment, 75 LisaKeenan-Lindsay OriginatingUSChapterby EllenF.Olshansky Healthassessment,75 History,75 PhysicalExamination,77 CulturalConsiderationsandCommunication VariationsinHistoryandPhysical,77 Adolescents(Ages13to19),78 WomenWithDisabilities,78 WomenatRiskforAbuse,78 Transsexuality,79 BreastAssessment,79 PelvicExamination,79 LaboratoryandDiagnosticProcedures,84 Keypoints,84 References,84
Additionalresources,84
7 ReproductiveHealth, 85 LisaKeenan-Lindsay OriginatingUSChapterby EllenF.Olshansky Femalereproductivesystem,85 ExternalStructures,85 InternalStructures,86 TheBonyPelvis,88 Breasts,89 Menstruation,90 MenarcheandPuberty,90 MenstrualCycle,90 Concernsrelatedtothemenstrualcycle,92 Amenorrhea,92 Dysmenorrhea,93 PremenstrualSyndrome,96 Endometriosis,97 AlterationsinCyclicBleeding,98 AbnormalUterineBleeding,99 Perimenopauseandmenopause,99 Infections,100 SexuallyTransmittedInfections,100 SexuallyTransmittedBacterialInfections,103 SexuallyTransmittedViralInfections,107 VaginalInfections,112 Concernsofthebreast,114 BenignProblems,114 CanceroftheBreast,115 Keypoints,118 References,118 Additionalresources,120
8 Infertility,Contraception,andAbortion, 121 LisaKeenan-Lindsay OriginatingUSChapterby EllenF.Olshansky Infertility,121 Incidence,121 FactorsAssociatedWithInfertility,121 NursingCare,123 NonmedicalTreatments,126 MedicalTherapy,126
AssistedHumanReproduction,127
LGBTQ2Couples,129
Adoption,129
Contraception,129
NursingCare,130
MethodsofContraception,130
LGBTQ2IssuesRegardingContraception,145
Abortion,145
NursingCare,145
First-TrimesterAbortion,146
Second-TrimesterAbortion,147
EmotionalConsiderationsRegardingAbortion,147
Keypoints,147 References,147
Additionalresources,148
UNIT4 Pregnancy
9 Genetics,Conception,andFetal Development, 149
LisaKeenan-Lindsay
OriginatingUSChapterby EllenF.Olshansky Genetics,149
RelevanceofGeneticstoNursing,150
GeneIdentificationandGeneticTesting,150
ClinicalGenetics,151
PatternsofGeneticTransmission,154
GeneticCounselling,155
NongeneticFactorsInfluencingDevelopment,157
Processofconception,157
CellDivision,157
Gametogenesis,157
Conception,159
Implantation,160
Theembryoandfetus,160
PrimaryGermLayers,160 DevelopmentoftheEmbryo,160
Membranes,162
AmnioticFluid,163
YolkSac,163
UmbilicalCord,163
Placenta,163
FetalMaturation,165
MultifetalPregnancy,169
Keypoints,173 References,174
Additionalresources,174
10 AnatomyandPhysiologyofPregnancy, 175
LisaKeenan-Lindsay
OriginatingUSChapterby KathrynR.Alden Obstetricalterminology,175 Pregnancytests,176 Adaptationstopregnancy,177
SignsofPregnancy,177
ReproductiveSystemandBreasts,177 GeneralBodySystems,182
Keypoints,191 References,191
11 NursingCareoftheFamilyDuring Pregnancy, 192
NancyWatts
OriginatingUSChapterby KathrynR.Alden
Confirmationofpregnancy,192 SignsandSymptoms,192 EstimatingDateofBirth,193 Adaptationtopregnancy,193 MaternalAdaptation,193
PaternalAdaptation,195
AdaptationtoParenthoodfortheNonpregnant Partner,196
SiblingAdaptation,196
GrandparentAdaptation,197
Nursingcare,198
InitialVisit,199 Follow-upVisits,203
NursingInterventions,206 VariationsinPrenatalCare,219 Perinatalcarechoices,222 Physicians,222 Midwives,223 Doula,223 BirthSettingChoices,223 Prenataleducation,225 ChildbirthEducationClasses,225 BirthPlans,226 Keypoints,226 References,226 Additionalresources,228
12 MaternalNutrition, 229
JenniferBuccino
OriginatingUSChapterby EllenF.Olshansky Preconceptionnutrition,229 Nutrientneedsduringpregnancy,230 EnergyNeeds,230 Protein,233 Fluids,233 Omega-3FattyAcids,233 Minerals,Vitamins,andElectrolytes,234 WeightGain,236 NutritionalConcernsDuringPregnancy,238 NursingCare,239 Keypoints,243 References,243
Additionalresources,244
13 PregnancyRiskFactorsandAssessment, 245
NancyWatts
OriginatingUSChapterby KittyCashion Definitionandscopeofhigh-riskpregnancy,245 DeterminantsofHealthasRiskFactors,246 RegionalizationofHealthCareServices,246 Assessmentofriskfactors,246 MentalHealthConcerns,246 IntimatePartnerViolence(IPV)During Pregnancy,248 ReducingInfantMorbidityandMortality,249
Antepartumtestinginthefirstandsecond trimester,249
PrenatalScreening,249
BiochemicalAssessment,253
Third-trimesterassessmentforfetalwell-being,256
FetalMovementCounting,257
AntepartumAssessmentUsingElectronicFetal Monitoring,257
UltrasoundforFetalWell-Being,260
Nursingroleinantenatalassessment forrisk,261
PsychologicalConsiderations,261
Keypoints,263
References,263
Additionalresources,264
14 PregnancyatRisk:GestationalConditions, 265
MelanieBasso
OriginatingUSChapterby KittyCashion
Hypertensivedisordersinpregnancy,265
SignificanceandIncidence,265
DefinitionofHypertensiveDisorder ofPregnancy,265
MorbidityandMortality,266
Classification,266
NursingCare,270
Gestationaldiabetesmellitus,276
MaternalandFetalRisks,276
ScreeningforGestationalDiabetesMellitus,276
NursingCare,276
Hyperemesisgravidarum,278
Etiology,278
ClinicalManifestations,279
NursingCare,279
Hemorrhagicdisorders,280
EarlyPregnancyBleeding,280
LatePregnancyBleeding,288
ClottingDisordersinPregnancy,293
Infectionsacquiredduringpregnancy,295
SexuallyTransmittedInfections,295
UrinaryTractInfections,295
Nonobstetricalsurgeryduringpregnancy,296
Appendicitis,296
IntestinalObstruction,297
CholelithiasisandCholecystitis,297
GynecologicalConcerns,297
NursingCare,297
Traumaduringpregnancy,298
MaternalPhysiologicalCharacteristics,298
FetalPhysiologicalCharacteristics,299
MechanismsofTrauma,300
CollaborativeCare,300
CardiopulmonaryResuscitationofthePregnant Patient,302
PerimortemCaesareanBirth,304
Keypoints,304
References,304
Additionalresources,306
15 PregnancyatRisk:Pre-existing Conditions, 307 MelanieBasso OriginatingUSChapterby KittyCashion Metabolicdisorders,307 DiabetesMellitus,307 PregestationalDiabetesMellitus(PGDM),309 ThyroidDisorders,317 Cardiovasculardisorders,318 CongenitalCardiacDiseases,319 AcquiredCardiacDisease,320 IschemicHeartDisease,321 OtherCardiacConditions,321 NursingCare,323 Antepartum,323 Intrapartum,324 Postpartum,325 Obesity,325 AntepartumRisks,326 NursingCare,326 OTHERMEDICALCONDITIONSIN PREGNANCY,326 Anemia,326 PulmonaryDisorders,328 IntegumentaryDisorders,330 NeurologicalDisorders,331 AutoimmuneDisorders,333 SpinalCordInjury,335 HumanImmunodeficiencyVirusandAcquired ImmunodeficiencySyndrome,335 Substanceuse,337 BarrierstoTreatment,337 LegalConsiderations,337 NursingCare,338 Keypoints,339 References,340 Additionalresources,342
UNIT5 Childbirth
16 LabourandBirthProcesses, 343 LisaKeenan-Lindsay OriginatingUSChapterby KittyCashion Factorsaffectinglabour,343 Passenger,343 Passageway,346 Powers,348 PositionoftheLabouringPatient,350 Processoflabour,350 SignsPrecedingLabour,350 OnsetofLabour,351 StagesofLabour,351 MechanismofLabour,351 Physiologicaladaptationtolabour,353 FetalAdaptation,353 AdaptationofLabouringPerson,353 Keypoints,354 References,355
17
NursingCareoftheFamilyDuringLabourand Birth, 356
KarenPike
OriginatingUSChapterby KittyCashion
Firststageoflabour,356
NursingCareDuringPrelabourandtheFirstStageof Labour,357
SupportiveCareDuringLabourandBirth,373 EmergencyInterventions,378
Secondstageoflabour,378
NursingCareDuringtheSecondStage ofLabour,379
MechanismofBirth:VertexPresentation,385
PerinealTraumaRelatedtoChildbirth,385 WaterBirth,389
ImmediateAssessmentsandCareofthe Newborn,389
Thirdstageoflabour,390
NursingCareDuringtheThirdStageofLabour,390
UmbilicalCordBloodBanking,392 Fourthstageoflabour,393
NursingCareDuringtheFourthStageofLabour,393
Family–NewbornRelationships,394
Keypoints,395 References,395 Additionalresources,397
18 MaximizingComfortDuringLabour andBirth, 398
LauraPayant
OriginatingUSChapterby KittyCashion Painduringlabourandbirth,398
NeurologicalOrigins,398 PerceptionofPain,399 ExpressionofPain,399 FactorsInfluencingPainResponse,399 NonpharmacologicalPainManagement,402 PharmacologicalPainManagement,407 NursingCare,417 Keypoints,422 References,422 Additionalresources,423
19 FetalHealthSurveillanceDuringLabour, 424
LaurenB.Rivard
Fetalhealthsurveillance,424 Basisformonitoring,424
FetalResponse,424
UterineActivity,425 FetalAssessment,426 Monitoringtechniques,426 IntermittentAuscultation,427
ElectronicFetalMonitoring,429
AdmissionFetalMonitorStrips,432
Fetalheartratepatterns,432 BaselineFetalHeartRate,432
FetalHeartRateVariability,434
PeriodicandEpisodicChangesinFetalHeart Rate,434
NursingCare,440 AdditionalMethodsofAssessmentandIntervention, 442
FetalScalpBloodSampling,442
UmbilicalCordAcid–BaseDetermination,443 Amnioinfusion,443 Documentation,443 Keypoints,444 References,445
20 LabourandBirthatRisk, 446
JodieBigalky
OriginatingUSChapterby KittyCashion Pretermlabourandbirth,446
PretermBirthVersusLowBirthWeight,446
SpontaneousVersusIndicatedPreterm Birth,447
SpontaneousPretermLabourandBirthRisk Factors,447
PredictingSpontaneousPretermLabourand Birth,448
NursingCare,448
Prematureruptureofmembranes,454
NursingCare,454
Chorioamnionitis,454
Post-termpregnancy,labour,andbirth,455 Post-TermRisks,455 CollaborativeCare,455 Dystocia,456
AbnormalUterineActivity(Alteration inPower),456
AlterationsinPelvicStructure(Passageway),457
FetalCauses(Passenger),458 PositionoftheLabouringPatient,459 PsychologicalResponses,459 NursingCare,459 Precipitouslabour,460 Obesity,460
IntrapartumandPostpartumRisks,460 NursingCare,460 Multifetalpregnancy,461
Obstetricalprocedures,461 Version,461 InductionofLabour,462 AugmentationofLabour,468
OperativeVaginalBirths,469 CaesareanBirth,470
TrialofLabourAfterCaesarean (TOLAC),476
Obstetricalemergencies,477
Meconium-StainedAmnioticFluid,477 ShoulderDystocia,478
ProlapsedUmbilicalCord,479
RuptureoftheUterus,479 AmnioticFluidEmbolism,481 Keypoints,481 References,482
Additionalresources,483
UNIT6 PostpartumPeriod
21 PhysiologicalChangesinthePostpartum Patient, 484
LisaKeenan-Lindsay
OriginatingUSChapterby KathrynR.Alden
Reproductivesystemandassociated structures,484
Uterus,484
Cervix,486
VaginaandPerineum,486
Abdomen,486
Endocrinesystem,486
PlacentalHormones,486
MetabolicChanges,487
PituitaryHormonesandOvarianFunction,487
Urinarysystem,487
UrineComponents,487
FluidLoss,487
UrethraandBladder,488
Gastrointestinalsystem,488
Breasts,488
BreastfeedingMothers,488
NonbreastfeedingMothers,488
Cardiovascularsystem,488
BloodVolume,488
CardiacOutput,489
Varicosities,490
Respiratorysystem,490
Neurologicalsystem,490
Musculoskeletalsystem,490
Integumentarysystem,490
Immunesystem,490
Keypoints,490 References,491
22 NursingCareoftheFamilyDuringthe PostpartumPeriod, 492
Keri-AnnBerga
OriginatingUSChapterby KathrynR.Alden
Transferfromtherecoveryarea,492
Planningfordischarge,493
Nursingcare,494
OngoingPhysicalAssessment,494
NursingInterventions,494
PsychosocialAssessmentandCare,505 DischargeTeaching,507 Follow-upAfterDischarge,509 Keypoints,510 References,510 Additionalresources,511
23 TransitiontoParenthood, 512
Keri-AnnBerga
Parentalattachment,bonding,and acquaintance,512 AssessmentofAttachmentBehaviours,513 Parent–infantcontact,516 EarlyContact,516 ExtendedContact,516 Communicationbetweenparentandinfant,516 TheSenses,516
Entrainment,517 Biorhythmicity,517 ReciprocityandSynchrony,518 Parentalroleafterbirth,518 TransitiontoParenthood,518 ParentalTasksandResponsibilities,518 BecomingaMother,519 BecomingaFather,520 AdjustmentfortheCouple,521 Infant–ParentAdjustment,521 Rhythm,521 BehaviouralRepertoires,522 Responsivity,522 Siblingadaptation,522 Grandparentadaptation,523 Diversityintransitionstoparenthood,524 Age,524 ParentingAmongLGBTQ2Couples,525 SocialSupport,526 Culture,527 IndigenousFamilies,527 SocioeconomicConditions,527 PersonalAspirations,528 Parentalsensoryimpairment,528 VisuallyImpairedParent,528 Hearing-ImpairedParent,528 Nursingcare,529 Keypoints,530 References,530 Additionalresources,531 Fatheringresources,531 24 PostpartumComplications, 532 JanetAndrews OriginatingUSChapterby KathrynR.Alden Postpartumhemorrhage,532 DefinitionandIncidence,532 EtiologyandRiskFactors,533 CollaborativeCare,535 Hemorrhagic(Hypovolemic)Shock,537 Venousthromboembolicdisorders,539 IncidenceandEtiology,540 ClinicalManifestations,540 CollaborativeCare,540 Postpartuminfections,541 Endometritis,541 WoundInfections,541 UrinaryTractInfections,542 Mastitis,542 NursingCare,542 Perinatalmooddisorders,543 PerinatalAnxietyDisorders,544 PerinatalDepression,544 PostpartumPsychosis,545 InterdisciplinaryandNursingCare,545 Lossandgrief,551 GriefResponses,552 FamilyAspectsofGrief,554 NursingCare,555 Maternaldeath,558
Keypoints,559
References,559
Additionalresources,560
UNIT7 Newborn
25 PhysiologicalAdaptationsoftheNewborn, 561
JenniferMarandola
OriginatingUSChapterby KathrynR.Alden
Transitiontoextrauterinelife,561
Physiologicaladjustments,561
RespiratorySystem,561
CardiovascularSystem,563
HematopoieticSystem,565
ThermogenicSystem,566
RenalSystem,568
GastrointestinalSystem,568
HepaticSystem,570
ImmuneSystem,573
IntegumentarySystem,573
ReproductiveSystem,575
SkeletalSystem,576
NeuromuscularSystem,578
Behaviouraladaptations,578
Sleep–WakeStates,579
OtherFactorsInfluencingBehaviour ofNewborns,580
SensoryBehaviours,580
ResponsetoEnvironmentalStimuli,581
Keypoints,581 References,581
Additionalresource,582
26 NursingCareoftheNewbornandFamily, 583
JenniferMarandola
OriginatingUSChapterby KathrynR.Alden
Birththroughthefirst2hours,583
NursingCare,583
ImmediateCareAfterBirth,583 Interventions,584
Careofthenewbornfrom2hoursafterbirthuntil discharge,588
NursingCare,588
CommonNewbornConcerns,608
LaboratoryandScreeningTests,612
Interventions,615
PainintheNewborn,618
PromotingParent–NewbornInteraction,621
DischargePlanningandTeaching,622
Keypoints,630
References,630
Additionalresources,632
27 NewbornNutritionandFeeding, 633
MarinaGreenandKimDart
OriginatingUSChapterby KathrynR.Alden
Recommendedinfantnutrition,634
BreastfeedingRates,634
TheImportanceofBreastfeeding,634
ContraindicationstoBreastfeeding,634
TheBaby-FriendlyInitiative,635
InformedDecisionsAboutInfantFeeding,636 CulturalInfluencesonInfantFeeding,637 LactationandLGBTQ2Families,638
Nutrientneeds,638
Fluids,638
Energy,638
Carbohydrates,638
Fat,638
Protein,639
Vitamins,639
Minerals,639
Anatomyandphysiologyoflactation,639
BreastAnatomy,639
Lactogenesis,640
UniquenessofHumanMilk,641
Nursingcare,641
Pregnancy,641
EarlyPostpartum,641
CommonBreastfeedingConcerns,657
Follow-upAfterHospitalDischarge,660 Formula-feeding,660
ParentEducation,660
ReadinessforFeeding,660
FeedingPatterns,660
Complementaryfeeding:introducingsolidfoods,664 Keypoints,664
References,664
Additionalresources,666
HumanMilkBankingInformation,666
28 InfantsWithGestationalAge–Related Conditions, 667
JenniferYoung
OriginatingUSChapterby DebbieFraser
Pretermandpost-terminfants,667
ThePretermInfant,667
LatePretermInfant,667
NursingCare,668
ComplicationsofPrematurity,681
ThePost-TermInfant,684
MeconiumAspirationSyndrome,684
PersistentPulmonaryHypertensionofthe Newborn,684
Otherconcernsrelatedtogestation,685
Small-for-Gestational-AgeInfantsandIntrauterine GrowthRestriction,685
Large-for-Gestational-AgeInfants,685 InfantsofDiabeticMothers,685
Dischargeplanningandtransport,687 DischargePlanning,687
TransporttoaRegionalCentre,687 Keypoints,688 References,688
Additionalresources,690
29 TheNewbornatRisk:AcquiredandCongenital Conditions, 691
JenniferYoung
OriginatingUSChapterby DebbieFraser
Injuriesassociatedwithbirth,691
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