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MANAGEMENT 16E

Stephen P. Robbins

San Diego State University

Mary Coulter Missouri State University

Lori K. Long

Baldwin Wallace University

To my wife, Laura Steve

To my husband, Ron Mary

To David, Henry, & Emerson Lori

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Library of Congress Control Number: 2023922765

ScoutAutomatedPrintCode

ISBN 10: 0-13-809064-5

ISBN 13: 978-0-13-809064-7

Brief Contents

Preface xxi

Acknowledgments xxx

Part 1 Introduction to Management 1

Chapter 1: Managers and You in the Workplace 1

Chapter 2: The Evolution of Management 21

Chapter 3: Making Decisions 46

Part 1 Management Practice 68

Part 2 Basics of Managing in Today’s Workplace 71

Chapter 4: Influence of the External Environment and the Organization’s Culture 71

Chapter 5: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion 93

Chapter 6: Managing in a Global Environment 122

Chapter 7: Managing Social Responsibility and Ethics 144

Part 2 Management Practice 170

Part 3 Planning 176

Chapter 8: Foundations of Planning 176

Chapter 9: Managing Strategy 195

Entrepreneurial Ventures Module 219

Part 3 Management Practice 233

Part 4 Organizing 236

Chapter 10: Designing Organizational Structure 236

Chapter 11: Managing Human Resources 262

Chapter 12: Managing Change and Innovation 290

Part 4 Management Practice 318

Part 5 Leading 321

Chapter 13: Understanding and Managing Individual Behavior 321

Chapter 14: Motivating Employees 354

Chapter 15: Managing Groups and Teams 385

Chapter 16: Being an Effective Leader 409

Chapter 17: Managing Communication 441

Part 5 Management Practice 461

Part 6 Controlling 465

Chapter 18: Management Control 465

Planning and Control Techniques Module 493

Managing Operations Module 507

Part 6 Management Practice 518

Managers

Learning from Failure: Successful Managers Learn from Their Failures 9 Workplace Confidential: Dealing with Organizational Politics 13

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 14 Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 14 Review and Discussion Questions 15

Preparing For: My Career 15

Ethics Dilemma 15

Skill Exercise: Developing Your Skills as a Manager 15

Working Together: Team Exercise 16 My Turn to Be a Manager 16

Case Application 1: Working with Artificial Intelligence 17 Case Application 2: Nike: Taking Customer Focus to a New Level 18

Chapter 2: The Evolution of Management 21

Early Management 22

Classical Approaches 24

Scientific Management 24

General Administrative Theorists 26

Social-Person Approaches 28

The Early Advocates 29

The Human Relations Movement 31

Behavioral Science Theorists 32

Quantitative Approach 33

Putting the Quantitative Approach into Perspective 34

Systems and Contingency Approaches 34

Systems Approach 34

Contingency Approach 35

Recent History 36

The New Industrial Revolution: Technology and Computerization 36 Globalization 37

Sustainability and the ESG Movement 37

Boxed Features

Learning from Failure: Learning from Failing Start-up Businesses 29

Workplace Confidential: Looking Back to Move Forward 38

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 39

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 39

Review and Discussion Questions 41

Preparing For: My Career 41

Ethics Dilemma 41

Skill Exercise: Developing Your Skills as a Manager 41

Working Together: Team Exercise 42 My Turn to Be a Manager 42

Case Application 1: Uber’s CEO Gets Behind the Wheel 42

Case Application 2: Managers Still Need to Be Data-Driven 43

Chapter 3: Making Decisions 46

The Decision-Making Process 46

Step 1: Identify a Problem 47

Step 2: Identify Decision Criteria 47

Step 3: Allocate Weights to the Criteria 47

Step 4: Develop Alternatives 48

Step 5: Analyze Alternatives 48

Step 6: Select an Alternative 48

Step 7: Implement the Alternative 48

Step 8: Evaluate Decision Effectiveness 49

Approaches to Decision Making 49

Rationality 50

Bounded Rationality 50

Intuition 51

Evidence-Based Management 52

Types of Decisions 52

Structured Problems and Programmed Decisions 52

Unstructured Problems and Nonprogrammed Decisions 53

Comparing Decision Types 54

Decision-Making Styles 54

Decision-Making Biases and Errors 56

Using Technology to Improve Decision Making 58

Big Data 59

Artificial Intelligence 59

Machine Learning and Analytics 60

Technology and Human Judgment 60

Boxed Features

Learning from Failure: James Dyson: A Man of a Thousand Failures 55

Workplace Confidential: Making Good Decisions 58

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 61

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 61

Review and Discussion Questions 62

Preparing For: My Career 62

Ethics Dilemma 62

Skills Exercise: Select the Best Alternative Decision-Making Skills 63

Working Together: Team Exercise 63

My Turn to Be a Manager 63

Case Application 1: Making Decisions with Bad Data 64

Case Application 2: A Major League Baseball Rule Change 65

Part 1: Management Practice 68

Continuing Case: Starbucks—Introduction 68 Practice Your Data Analysis Skills 70

Part 2 Basics of Managing in Today’s Workplace 71

Chapter 4: Influence of the External Environment and the Organization’s Culture 71

The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic? 71

The Omnipotent View 72

The Symbolic View 72 Reality Suggests a Synthesis 72

The External Environment: Constraints and Challenges 73

Defining the Environment and Environmental Uncertainty 73 Monitoring the General Environment 74

The Specific Environment 75 Managing the Environment 77

Organizational Culture: Guiding Employee Behavior 78

What Is Organizational Culture? 78

Strong Cultures 79

Where Culture Comes From and How It Continues 80

How Culture Is Sustained 81

Remote Work and Culture 84

How Culture Affects Managers 85

Boxed Features

It’s Your Career: Reading an Organization’s Culture: Find One That Is a Right Fit for You 82

Workplace Confidential: Adjusting to a New Job or Work Team 83

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 86

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 86

Review and Discussion Questions 87

Preparing For: My Career 87

Ethics Dilemma 87

Skill Exercise: Developing Your Environmental Scanning Skill 87

Working Together: Team Exercise 88

My Turn to Be a Manager 88

Case Application 1: Environmental Uncertainty at HBO 89

Case Application 2: Organizational Culture at Vice Media 90

Chapter 5: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion 93

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Workplace 94

What Are Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Workplace? 94

Benefits of a Diverse, Equitable, and Inclusive Workplace 95

The Changing Workplace 97

Characteristics of the US Population 97

What About Global Workforce Changes? 99

Types of Workplace Diversity 100

Age 100

Gender 101

Race and Ethnicity 102

Disabilities 102

Religion 103

LGBTQ+: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity 104

Socioeconomic Status 104

Challenges in Managing Diversity 105

Personal Bias 105

Glass Ceiling 105

Pay Inequities 107

Workplace Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives 107

Top Management Commitment to DEI 108

Mentoring 108

DEI Training 108

Employee Resource Groups 110

Measuring and Reporting on DEI Initiatives 110

Boxed Features

Workplace Confidential: Working in a Diverse Environment 98

Learning from Failure: Denny’s Answer to Its Diversity Problem 109

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 111

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 111

Review and Discussion Questions 112

Preparing For: My Career 112

Ethics Dilemma 112

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Valuing Diversity Skill 113

Working Together: Team Exercise 114

My Turn to Be a Manager 114

Case Application 1: Gusto: Making a Difference in Gender Diversity 115

Case Application 2: Bring in Diversity . . . and Then What? 116

Chapter 6: Managing in a Global Environment 122

Clarifying Terminology 122

A Brief History of Globalization 123

The Case For and Against Globalization 126

The Win-Win Argument 126

The Downside of Globalization 127

Globalization Today 128

What Does This Mean for Managers? 128

Different Types of International Organizations 128

How Organizations Go International 129

Managing in a Global Environment 131

The Political/Legal Environment 131

The Economic Environment 131

The Cultural Environment 132

Boxed Features

It’s Your Career: Developing Your Global Perspective—Working with People from Other Cultures 133

Workplace Confidential: Succeeding in a Remote Job 136

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 137

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 137

Review and Discussion Questions 138

Preparing For: My Career 139

Ethics Dilemma 139

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Collaboration Skill 139

Working Together: Team Exercise 139

My Turn to Be a Manager 140

Case Application 1: Glencore: Conducting Business in Countries Where Others Might Not 140

Case Application 2: Lululemon Power of Three × 2 Growth Strategy 141

Chapter 7: Managing Social Responsibility and Ethics 144

What Is Social Responsibility? 145

Two Opposing Views 145 From Obligations to Responsiveness to Responsibility 146

Social Responsibility and Economic Performance 148

Corporate Philanthropy 148

Green Management and Environmental Sustainability 149

How Organizations Go Green 149

Reporting Social Responsibility and Sustainability 150

ESG Reporting 150

Managers and Ethical Behavior 151

Factors That Determine Ethical and Unethical Behavior 152

Ethics in an International Context 155

Artificial Intelligence and Ethics 156

Encouraging Ethical Behavior 157

Employee Selection 157

Codes of Ethics 158

Leadership at the Top 158

Job Goals and Performance Appraisal 158

Ethics Training 158

Ethics Officer or Committee 159

Protecting Whistle-Blowers 159

Boxed Features

Learning from Failure: From Greenwashing to Electric Cars 157

Workplace Confidential: Balancing Work and Personal Life 160

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 161

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 161

Review and Discussion Questions 163

Preparing For: My Career 163

Ethics Dilemma 163

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Trust Building Skill 163

Working Together: Team Exercise 164

My Turn to Be a Manager 164

Case Application 1: Chobani: A Different Kind of Yogurt Company 165

Case Application 2: Every Kid Fed: Addressing Childhood Hunger Through Social Entrepreneurship 166

Part 2: Management Practice 170

Continuing Case: Starbucks—Basics of Managing in Today’s Workplace 170

Practice Your Data Analysis Skills 174

Part 3 Planning 176

Chapter 8: Foundations of Planning 176

The What and Why of Planning 176 What Is Planning? 176

Why Do Managers Plan? 177 Planning and Performance 177

Types of Plans 178

Strategic versus Operational Plans 178

Short-Term versus Long-Term Plans 178

Specific versus Directional Plans 179

Single-Use versus Standing Plans 179

Static versus Scenario Plans 180

Contingency Factors in Planning 180

Level in the Organization 180

Degree of Environmental Uncertainty 181

Length of Future Commitments 181

Objectives: The Foundation of Planning 182

Stated versus Real Objectives 182

Traditional Objective Setting 183

Management by Objectives 184

Contemporary Issues in Planning 185

Environmental Scanning 185

Using Artificial Intelligence to Support Planning 187

Boxed Features

It’s Your Career: Planning Your Time 181

Workplace Confidential: When You Face a Lack of Clear Directions 186

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 188

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 188

Review and Discussion Questions 189

Preparing For: My Career 189

Ethics Dilemma 189

Skills Exercise: Making a To-Do List That Works and Using It 190

Working Together: Team Exercise 190

My Turn to Be a Manager 191

Case Application 1: Johnson Controls Using OpenBlue to Reach Net Zero 191

Case Application 2: Living Up to Goals at Tesla 192

Chapter 9: Managing Strategy 195

What Is Strategic Management, and Why Is It Important? 196

Defining Strategic Management 196

Why Is Strategic Management Important? 196

Supporting the Strategic Management Process 197

The Strategic Management Process 198

Step 1: Start with Purpose: Identifying the Organization’s Current Mission 198

Step 2: SWOT Analysis 198

Step 3: Formulating Strategies 200

Step 4: Implementing Strategies 200

Step 5: Evaluating Results 200

Corporate Strategies 201

What Is Corporate Strategy? 201

What Are the Types of Corporate Strategy? 202

How Are Corporate Strategies Managed? 204

Competitive Strategies 205

The Role of Competitive Advantage 205

Sustaining Competitive Advantage 205

Examples of Differentiation Strategies 207

Boxed Features

It’s Your Career: Learning Your Strengths and Weaknesses 201

Workplace Confidential: Developing a Career Strategy 203

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 210

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 210

Review and Discussion Questions 211

Preparing For: My Career 211

Ethics Dilemma 211

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Business Planning Skill 211

Working Together: Team Exercise 213

My Turn to Be a Manager 213

Case Application 1: Nvidia’s Gaming and AI Strategy 213

Case Application 2: Saving Lives Through Strategy at RapidSOS 214

Entrepreneurial Ventures Module 219

The Context of Entrepreneurship 219

What Is Entrepreneurship? 219

Why Is Entrepreneurship Important? 219

The Entrepreneurial Process 220

What Do Entrepreneurs Do? 220

Social Entrepreneurship 221

Side Hustles: A Hybrid Path to Entrepreneurship 221

Start-Up and Planning Issues 222

Identifying Opportunities 222

Researching the Venture’s Feasibility: Ideas 222

Researching the Venture’s Feasibility: Competitors 223

Researching the Venture’s Feasibility: Financing 223

Planning: Developing a Business Model 224

Organizing Issues 225

Legal Forms of Organization 225

Organizational Design and Structure 227

Human Resource Management 228

Leading Issues 228

Entrepreneurial Mindset 228

Personality Characteristics of Entrepreneurs 228

The Entrepreneur as Leader 229

Control Issues 230

Potential Control Problems and Actions 230

Exiting the Venture 230

Review and Discussion Questions 231

Part 3: Management Practice 233

Continuing Case: Starbucks—Planning 233

Practice Your Data Analysis Skills 234

Part 4 Organizing 236

Chapter 10: Designing Organizational Structure 236

Six Elements of Organizational Design 237

Work Specialization 237

Departmentalization 238

Chain of Command 240

Span of Control 240

Centralization and Decentralization 242

Formalization 243

Mechanistic and Organic Structures 244

Contingency Factors Affecting Structural Choice 245

Strategy and Structure 245

Size and Structure 245

Technology and Structure 245

Environmental Uncertainty and Structure 246

Traditional Organizational Design Options 246

Simple Structure 247

Functional Structure 247

Divisional Structure 247

Organizing for Flexibility in the Twenty-First Century 248

Team Structures 248

Matrix and Project Structures 248

The Virtual Organization 249

Offering Flexibility for Today’s Workforce 249

Remote Work 250

Flexible Work Schedules 250

The Contingent Workforce 252

Implications for Managers 253

Boxed Features

Workplace Confidential: Coping with Multiple Bosses 241

Learning from Failure: Return to Office? Workers Say No Way! 251

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 253

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 253

Review and Discussion Questions 254

Preparing For: My Career 255

Ethics Dilemma 255

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Acquiring Power Skill 255

Working Together: Team Exercise 256

My Turn to Be a Manager 256

Case Application 1: Making a Flat Organization Work at Punchkick 257

Case Application 2: Life as a Digital Nomad in Foreign Cities 258

Chapter 11: Managing Human Resources 262

Why Managing Human Resources Is Important 262

The Human Resource Management Process 263

External Factors That Affect the Human Resource Management Process 264

The Economy 264

Laws and Rulings 264

Demographics 266

Social and Cultural Factors 266

Labor Unions 266

Identifying and Selecting Competent Employees 267

Human Resource Planning 267

Recruitment and Decruitment 268

Selection 270

Technology in the Hiring Process 272

Training and Developing Employees 273

Orientation and Socialization 273

Employee Training 274

Developing Employees 276

Retaining Competent, High-Performing Employees 276

Performance Feedback 277

Compensation and Benefits 277

Boxed Features

Workplace Confidential: Job Search 269

It’s Your Career: Nailing the Behavior-Based Interview 280

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 281

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 281

Review and Discussion Questions 282

Preparing For: My Career 282

Ethics Dilemma 282

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Interviewing Skills 283

Working Together: Team Exercise 284

My Turn to Be a Manager 284

Case Application 1: Employees with Side Hustles: It’s No Secret 285

Case Application 2: Keeping Dealership Sales Staff from Leaving at Nissan 286

Chapter 12: Managing Change and Innovation 290

The Case for Change 291

Living with VUCA 291

External Forces for Change 291

Internal Forces for Change 292

The Change Process 293

The Calm Waters Metaphor 294

The White-Water Rapids Metaphor 294

Areas of Change 295 Strategy 295

296

296

297 People 297 Managing Change 298

Why Do People Resist Change? 298 Techniques for Reducing Resistance to Change

Exploring Innovation 301

Creativity Versus Innovation 301

Disruptive Innovation 301

Breakthrough Innovation 303

Sustaining Innovation 303

Driving Innovation 303

Creating an Environment to Stimulate Innovation 304

Ideation 305

Incubation 306

Boxed Features

Workplace Confidential: Coping with Job Stress 300

Learning from Failure: Giving Up on Google Glass 308

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 309

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 309

Review and Discussion Questions 310

Preparing For: My Career 310

Ethics Dilemma 310

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Change-Management Skill 311

Working Together: Team Exercise 311

My Turn to Be a Manager 312

Case Application 1: Change from Within at Google 312

Case Application 2: Microsoft: Innovative Again 313

Part 4: Management Practice 318

Continuing Case: Starbucks—Organizing 318 Practice Your Data Analysis Skills 320

Part 5 Leading 321

Chapter 13: Understanding and Managing Individual Behavior 321

Focus and Goals of Organizational Behavior 322

Focus of Organizational Behavior 322

Goals of Organizational Behavior 322

Attitudes and Job Performance 323

Job Satisfaction 323

Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment 325

Employee Engagement 325

Cognitive Dissonance Theory 326

Assessing Attitudes 326

Can Artificial Intelligence Help Improve Employee Attitudes? 327

Implications for Managers 327

Personality 328

MBTI® 328

The Big Five Model 329

The Dark Triad 330

Additional Personality Insights 331

Personality Types in Different Cultures 332

Emotions and Emotional Intelligence 332

Implications for Managers 334

Perception 336

Factors That Influence Perception 336

Attribution Theory 337

Shortcuts Used in Judging Others 338

Implications for Managers 339

Learning 339

Social Learning 340

Shaping: A Managerial Tool 340

Implications for Managers 341

Boxed Features

Workplace Confidential: An Abusive Boss 333

Learning from Failure: Troublesome Leader’s Personality 341

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 342

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 342

Review and Discussion Questions 343

Preparing For: My Career 344

Ethics Dilemma 344

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Shaping Behavior Skill 344

Working Together: Team Exercise 345

My Turn to Be a Manager 345

Case Application 1: Heat Waves Cause Employees to Walk Off the Job 346

Case Application 2: Getting Your Company’s Logo as a Tattoo 347

Chapter 14: Motivating Employees 354

What Is Motivation? 354

Early Theories of Motivation 355

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 355

McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y 356

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory 357

Three-Needs Theory 357

Contemporary Theories of Motivation 359

Goal-Setting Theory 359

Reinforcement Theory 360

Designing Motivating Jobs 361

Equity Theory 364

Expectancy Theory 365

Integrating Contemporary Theories of Motivation 367

Current Issues in Motivation 369

Technology and Motivation 369

Managing Cross-Cultural Motivational Challenges 369

Motivating Unique Groups of Workers 370

Designing Appropriate Rewards Programs 372

Boxed Features

It’s Your Career: What Motivates You? 355

Workplace Confidential: Feelings of Unfair Pay 366

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 374

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 374

Review and Discussion Questions 375

Preparing For: My Career 376

Ethics Dilemma 376

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Motivating Employees Skill 376

Working Together: Team Exercise 377

My Turn to Be a Manager 377

Case Application 1: Motivating Employees Who Love the Outdoors at REI 378

Case Application 2: Motivating Under Constraints at Televerde 378

Chapter 15: Managing Groups and Teams 385

Groups and Group Development 385

What Is a Group? 386

Stages of Group Development 386

Work Group Performance and Satisfaction 387

External Conditions Imposed on the Group 388

Group Member Resources 388

Group Structure 388

Group Processes 391

Group Tasks 394

Turning Groups into Effective Teams 394

The Difference Between Groups and Teams 394

Types of Work Teams 394

Creating Effective Work Teams 397

Technology and Teams 398

Boxed Features

It’s Your Career: Maximizing Outcomes Through Negotiation 396

Workplace Confidential: Handling Difficult Coworkers 399

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 400

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 400

Review and Discussion Questions 401

Preparing For: My Career 401

Ethics Dilemma 401

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Coaching Skills 402

Working Together: Team Exercise 402

My Turn to Be a Manager 402

Case Application 1: US Women’s Soccer: A Team in Transition 403

Case Application 2: Taylor Swift’s Bonuses Cause Their Own “Swift Quake” 404

Chapter 16: Being an Effective Leader 409

Who Are Leaders, and What Is Leadership? 409

Early Leadership Theories 410

Leadership Traits 410

Leadership Behaviors 410

Contingency Theories of Leadership 413

The Fiedler Model 413

Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory 415

Path-Goal Model 416

Contemporary Views of Leadership 417

Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) Theory 417

Charismatic Leadership 418

Transformational-Transactional Leadership 419

Authentic Leadership 420

Ethical Leadership 420

Servant Leadership 421

Emergent Leadership 421

Followership 422

Integrating Theories of Leadership 422

Traits 422

Behaviors 423

Contingency Factors 423

Leadership Issues in the 21st Century 424

Managing Power 424

Developing Credibility and Trust 424

Leading Virtual Teams 426

Leadership Training 426

When Leadership May Not Be Important 427

Boxed Features

Learning from Failure: Childhood Lessons on Failure 419

Workplace Confidential: Dealing with a Micromanager 425

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 428

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 428

Review and Discussion Questions 430

Preparing For: My Career 430

Ethics Dilemma 430

Skills Exercise: Choosing an Effective Group Leadership Style Skill 430

Working Together: Team Exercise 431

My Turn to Be a Manager 431

Case Application 1: Transforming the Fashion Industry at Stitch Fix 432

Case Application 2: New Endorsements Give Power to College Athletes 433

Chapter 17: Managing Communication 441

Understanding Communication 442

What Is Communication? 442

Functions of Communication 442

The Communication Process 443

Modes of Communicating 443

Barriers to Effective Communication 444

Overcoming the Barriers 446

Effective Organizational Communication 447

Formal Versus Informal 447

Direction of Flow 448

Networks 450

Communication and Technology 451

The 24/7 Work Environment 451

Social Media 451

Artificial Intelligence 452

Virtual Meetings 452

Becoming a Better Communicator 453

Sharpening Your Persuasion Skills 453

Sharpening Your Speaking Skills 453

Sharpening Your Writing Skills 453

Sharpening Your Reading Skills 454

Boxed Features

It’s Your Career: I’m Listening! 447

Workplace Confidential: An Uncommunicative Manager 449

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 454

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 454

Review and Discussion Questions 455

Preparing For: My Career 455

Ethics Dilemma 455

Skills Exercise: Developing Your Presentation Skills 456

Working Together: Team Exercise 456

My Turn to Be a Manager 457

Case Application 1: Communicating as the Company Grows at Hootsuite 457

Case Application 2: No Meetings? 458

Part 5: Management Practice 461

Continuing Case: Starbucks—Leading 461

Practice Your Data Analysis Skills 463

Part 6 Controlling 465

Chapter 18: Management Control 465

What Is Controlling, and Why Is It Important? 465

What Is Controlling? 466

Why Is Controlling Important? 466

The Control Process 467

Step 1: Measuring Actual Performance 468

Step 2: Comparing Actual Performance Against the Standard 469

Step 3: Taking Managerial Action 470

Summary 470

Controlling for Organizational and Employee Performance 471

What Is Organizational Performance? 471

Measures of Organizational Performance 472

Controlling for Employee Performance 473

Tools for Measuring Organizational Performance 474

Feedforward/Concurrent/Feedback Controls 475

Financial Controls 477

Information Controls 478

Balanced Scorecard 479

Benchmarking of Best Practices 479

Contemporary Issues in Control 480

Global Differences in Control 480

Workplace Privacy 481

Employee Theft 481

Corporate Governance 482

Artificial Intelligence 483

Boxed Features

It’s Your Career: How to Be a Pro at Giving Feedback 473

Workplace Confidential: Responding to an Unfair Performance Review 475

Preparing For: Exams/Quizzes 484

Chapter Summary by Learning Objectives 484

Review and Discussion Questions 485

Preparing For: My Career 486

Ethics Dilemma 486

Skills Exercise: Managing Challenging Employees 486

Working Together: Team Exercise 487

My Turn to Be a Manager 487

Case Application 1: Feeding Chocolate to Cows 488

Case Application 2: Posting for Just Other Employees to See 488

Planning and Control Techniques Module 493

Techniques for Assessing the Environment 493

Environmental Scanning 493

Forecasting 494

Techniques for Allocating Resources 496

Budgeting 496

Scheduling 497

Breakeven Analysis 501

Linear Programming 501

Project Management 503

Project Management Process 503

Role of Project Manager 504

Review and Discussion Questions 504

Managing Operations Module 507

The Role of Operations Management 507

Services and Manufacturing 507

Managing Productivity 508

Strategic Role of Operations Management 508

Value Chain Management 509

What Is Value Chain Management? 509

The Goal of Value Chain Management 510

Benefits of Value Chain Management 510

Value Chain Strategy 510

Current Issues in Managing Operations 512

Technology 512

Quality Management 513

Quality Standards 514

Mass Customization 515

Creating a Lean Organization 515

Review and Discussion Questions 516

Part 6: Management Practice 518

Continuing Case: Starbucks—Controlling 518

Practice Your Data Analysis Skills 520

Glossary 522

Name Index 534

Organization Index 547

Subject Index 550

Welcome to the 16th edition of Management. First published in 1984, this book has become one of the world’s most popular introductory management texts. It’s used by hundreds of US colleges and universities; it’s translated into Spanish, French, Russian, Dutch, Bahasa, Korean, and Chinese; and there are adaptations for Australia, Canada, India, and the Arab World.

New to This Edition

The 16th edition of Management addresses the evolving workplace at a pivotal time in the practice of management. Understanding that many students who use this text are not necessarily majoring in management, this edition continues to build on our approach of ensuring students see the importance and relevance of studying management. Each chapter opens with a common myth that students are likely to hold about that chapter’s content. We then show them that what they thought they knew was wrong. The objective? To demonstrate that the practice of management is not all common sense.

Further, regardless of students’ majors or career plans, they are likely to work in an organization. Whether that organization has three people or 300,000, there are common challenges that employees will encounter. We provide insights throughout the text, based on solid research, to help students survive and thrive in the workplace. In addition to revisions that uphold this commitment to demonstrating the importance and relevance of the course, other new aspects of this edition are highlighted below.

New Author

The most significant addition to this revision is a new co-author, Dr. Lori Long, who has been a contributor to previous editions of this text. Dr. Long took the lead in this revision and worked to ensure that the text maintains its reputation for readability and relevance while introducing fresh insights and perspectives.

With a blend of corporate, consulting, research, and teaching experience in human resource management, leadership development, culture cultivation, and innovation management, Dr. Long offers a well-rounded perspective that spans theory and practice. Her ability to bridge the gap between research and real-world application is a defining feature of her contributions to this edition.

Focus on Current Management Topics

New chapter openers and examples throughout update the text to focus on current management topics and emerging research. Throughout the text there is also a focus on two forces significantly impacting management practices with insights on how management is evolving to address them.

REMOTE AND HYBRID WORK

The COVID-19 global pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote and hybrid work in organizations. Although research is still emerging on effective remote and hybrid work practices, today’s reality requires managers to understand current best practices in offering remote and hybrid work options and how to optimize worker productivity in remote work environments. Coverage is provided in multiple chapters.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

(AI) AI capabilities are advancing at an exponential rate and are reshaping many management practices. AI is becoming increasingly integrated into various aspects of business operations, from decision making to automation, and managers need to understand how AI can impact their organizations and how to harness its potential effectively. The opportunity for engagement or use of AI tools is addressed in every chapter of this edition.

New Chapter and Chapter Reorganization

The Management History Module has been revised to create a new chapter on the evolution of management. This new chapter is the most comprehensive, detailed, and updated review of management history available among introductory management texts. At this pivotal time in the practice of management, an understanding of the historical development of management concepts and practices provides context to help students appreciate how practices evolve in response to changing societal, economic, and technological factors. The remaining chapters have been reorganized, and the entrepreneurship chapter has been transitioned to a module in response to the growing number of colleges offering entrepreneurship as a separate course.

Streamlining and Enhancing Features

For this edition, we have streamlined and enhanced the features included within the text to retain its length and focus. The “Workplace Confidential,” “It’s Your Career,” and “Learning from Failure” features have been supplemented and updated to retain the text’s close focus on real-world application.

The Management Practice feature at the end of each part has also been thoroughly revised, with an updated “Integrative Case” and a new “Practice Your Data Analysis Skills exercise to help students hone this valuable career skill.

End-of-chapter materials have been enhanced with new and updated cases, exercises, discussion questions, and much more.

Additional Chapter-by-Chapter Changes in This Edition

Chapter 1

• New Managerial Challenge: Focus on Remote or Hybrid Work

• New Managerial Challenge: Focus on Technology, including artificial intelligence and digital transformation

• New Managerial Challenge: Focus on Employee Well-Being Chapter 2 (new chapter on evolution of management)

• Expanded coverage into the 21st century

• New coverage of early advocates of a social-person approach

• Coverage of the new industrial revolution and other recent developments in management research and practices

• New Learning from Failure: Learning from Failing Start-up Businesses

• New Workplace Confidential: Looking Back to Move Forward

• All new end-of-chapter questions and exercises

• New case: Uber’s CEO Gets Behind the Wheel

• New case: Managers Still Need to Be Data-Driven

Chapter 3

• New example for decision-making process

• New coverage of data and technology use in decision making

• New case: A Major League Baseball Rule Change

Chapter 4

• Expanded coverage of external environment to include investors and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategy

• New coverage on impact of remote work on culture

Chapter 5

• Expanded to include emerging practices in equity and inclusion

• Expanded coverage of dimensions of diversity to include socioeconomic status

• New coverage of measuring and reporting on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) work

• New table: Stages of DEI Strategy

Chapter 6

• New coverage on the impact of remote work capabilities

• New Workplace Confidential: Succeeding in a Remote Job

• New case: Lululemon Power of Three × 2 Growth Strategy

Chapter 7

• New section: Stakeholder Capitalism

• New coverage of reporting on social responsibility and sustainability efforts including UN Sustainable Development Goals

• New Learning from Failure: From Greenwashing to Electric Cars

• New coverage on supporting ethical behavior including ethics officers and protecting whistleblowers

Chapter 8

• New section: Static versus Scenario Planning

• New section: SMART Objectives

• New case: Johnson Controls Using OpenBlue to Reach Net Zero

Chapter 9

• Revised and expanded coverage of the strategic management process

• New case: Nvidia’s Gaming and AI Strategy

Entrepreneurial Ventures Module

• Revised chapter into a module

• Added coverage on the entrepreneurial mindset

Chapter 10

• New coverage of flexible workplace options

• New Learning from Failure: Return to Office? Workers Say No Way!

• New case: Life as a Digital Nomad in Foreign Cities

Chapter 11

• Expanded coverage of external influences on HR management, including social and cultural factors

• New coverage on the use of technology in hiring

• New It’s Your Career: Nailing the Behavior-Based Interview

• New case: Employees with Side Hustles: It’s No Secret

Chapter 12

• New coverage on changing culture

• Expanded coverage on types of innovation including breakthrough and sustaining innovations

• Revised and expanded coverage of strategies to stimulate innovation, including coverage of design thinking

• New coverage of the Business Model Canvas and idea incubation

• New Learning from Failure: Giving Up on Google Glass

• New case: Microsoft: Innovative Again

Chapter 13

• New coverage on improving attitudes using artificial intelligence

• New Learning from Failure: Troublesome Leader’s Personality (WeWork)

• New case: Heat Waves Cause Employees to Walk Off the Job

Chapter 14

• New coverage of technology and motivation

• New section: Motivating Remote Workers

Chapter 15

• New section: Technology and Teams, including coverage of virtual collaboration platforms and use of artificial intelligence

• New case: US Women’s Soccer: A Team in Transition

• New case: Taylor Swift’s Bonuses Cause Their Own “Swift Quake”

Chapter 16

• New Learning from Failure: Childhood Lessons on Failure (Sarah Blakely)

• New content on emergent leadership

• New case: New Endorsements Give Power to College Athletes

Chapter 17

• Revised and expanded coverage of technology and communication

• New case: No Meetings?

Chapter 18

• New coverage of Key Performance Indicators

• New case: Feeding Chocolate to Cows

Our Three Guiding Principles

What has allowed this text to flourish for 40 years? We think the answer is in our three guiding principles: (1) offer cutting-edge topic coverage, (2) ensure that the writing is readable and conversational, and (3) make certain the presentation is relevant to students.

Cutting-Edge Topic Coverage

This book has always sought to provide the latest topic coverage. It was, for instance, the first introductory management text to discuss organizational culture, the symbolic view of management, behavioral decision making, sustainability, and value-chain management. This edition continues in that tradition, with cutting-edge topics like stakeholder investing, remote work, artificial intelligence, and employee well-being. And, of course, the entire research base for this edition has been fully updated.

High Readability

Every textbook author claims their books are highly readable. The reality is that few actually are. Most appear to be written more for professors than for students. From the first edition of this text, we were determined to make the field of management interesting and engaging for students. How did we do this? First, we committed to a conversational writing style. We wanted the text to read like normal people talk. And second, we relied on extensive use of examples. As your senior author learned early in his teaching career, students often forget theories, but they remember stories. So you’ll find a wealth of current examples in this text.

Relevance

Since this text’s inception, we have subjected every theory and concept to our “So What?” test. We ask ourselves: Why is a specific concept relevant? Why should a student need to know this? This test has guided us in deciding what to include and exclude over these many editions, as well as reminding us to explain the importance and relevance of concepts when it might not be obvious.

Solving Learning and Teaching Challenges

Speaking of relevance, if there is one component of this text that instructors will find important, it’s our focus on providing job-relevant skills for students.

In the typical introductory management class, only about 20 percent of students are management majors. The rest are majoring in accounting, finance, marketing, information systems, or some other business discipline. As a result, instructors tell us that one of their most challenging obstacles in teaching the introductory management class is convincing these non-management majors of the course’s importance. These nonmanagement majors often question the course’s relevance to their career goals. As one accounting student put it, “Why do I have to take this class? I have no interest in being a manager. My time would be better spent taking another course in tax or auditing.”

We have an answer for those students: This text and your management class are relevant to anyone who plans to work in an organization. How? In addition to describing what effective managers do and offering insights into how organizations work, we include features that will help students develop the specific skills employers are looking for in job candidates and provide guidance to help students survive and thrive in the workplace. Let’s highlight what those features are:

WORKPLACE

CONFIDENTIAL Succeeding in a Remote Job

The emergence of remote work means companies no longer need to rely on finding talent in their local geographic area. They can also save money without the need to relocate recruits or provide office space. As an increasing number of companies offer the opportunity to work remotely, you will likely see more remote jobs available, giving you the chance to work from anywhere in the world. In fact, some countries are even offering digital nomad visas to attract remote workers. These special visas allow you to work remotely from within a country, typically for up to a year. Want to spend a year working from a beach in Barbados? You can! But although remote work might sound exciting, it is a challenge. Before you accept that cool job working for a company on the other side of the country or the globe, you should first ask yourself—is remote work right for me? Although the lure of the flexibility is clear, sometimes the downside of remote work doesn’t surface until you are into the job. And if you do accept the job, how can you make sure you succeed working remotely?

• Make sure you have the equipment you need. This is something you can ask before you start the job. Some companies may even provide an allowance to purchase an ergonomic chair or other equipment.

• If you are working from home, make sure you have a designated workspace. That will help you transition into work mode, and you can walk away from the space at the end of your workday. But also consider alternate work spots, especially if you need to be creative. Changing scenery is helpful, so scout out a good spot at the library or in a public coworking space.

• Take care of your health. Take regular breaks and make sure you stand up and stretch regularly. Make sure you block out breaks on your calendar, so you don’t end up in back-to-back meetings.

• Virtual meetings can cause fatigue. Consider turning off your self-view on the screen—watching yourself is

Developing Resilience

“Learning from Failure” boxes illustrate how people like Sarah Blakely, James Dyson, and J.K. Rowling as well as companies like Google and Volkswagen have encountered setbacks, assessed what went wrong, gained new insights from their experience, and bounced back.

Resilience is a valuable quality for students and employees. These boxes can help students see the positive side of failures and how individuals and organizations have learned from their mistakes.

Learning from F AILUR E

Advice for Surviving and Thriving in the Workplace

Regardless of whether one is working in an organization employing three people or 300,000, there are common challenges that employees will encounter. We provide students with guidance for dealing with these challenges in our “Workplace Confidential” features.

Giving Up on Google Glass

Created by Google’s X factory, the hope of a gamechanging innovation in wearable products ended when Google finally stopped making Google Glass 10 years after a lackluster launch. The product was first introduced in 2013 at a retail price of $1,500, offering consumers wearable glasses allowing them to access technology via their face instead of having to pull out a phone. The smart glasses were discontinued two years later, having never caught on. The failure was blamed on a clunky design, high price, and concerns around privacy. In 2019 Google relaunched the product as the Glass Enterprise Edition, which shifted the focus from consumers to businesses with an intent to sell to industries such as manufacturing and logistics. But again, the product failed to catch on, and the company announced in 2023 that it would end production.

Where did Google go wrong? First, Google Glass was an example of a solution looking for a problem. Although the technology was an interesting idea, it was not fulfilling any customer need. And it was a high price for technology that was not needed. Customers also complained about privacy concerns because wearers could easily hit record to capture video at any time, making the glasses unwelcome in most public places Issues around the purpose of the glasses and the high cost seemed to plague corporate sales as well. When Google announced it would stop making the Glass Enterprise Edition, it was part of a larger cost-cutting initiative across the company. Although it made sense that Google tried to save its investment in Google Glass by relaunching it to a new market, ultimately the company lost millions of dollars by focusing on the novelty of technology instead of the needs of the customer.62

IT ’S YOU R CAREE R

Na ilin g t he Be ha vi or-Based Int e rvie w

A common approach to interviewing is what is called the behavior-based interview. Based on the idea that past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior, the behavior-based interview asks you to share past experiences to demonstrate your skills and competencies. You know you are in a behavior-based interview when the questions start with “Tell me about a time when . . . ” or “Give me an example of . . . ” and then ask for you to share an experience that demonstrates a specific skill or ability. “Tell me about a time you had to manage a difficult customer” is an example of a behavior-based interview question.

The key to succeeding in a behavior-based interview is preparation! Start by making a list of the skills, abilities, or competencies that the job might require The job posting is a good place to start to determine these. It is likely to list skills such as communication, teamwork, time management, and creativity.

Next, think about stories you can tell to share your experiences that demonstrate you have those skills. For example, did you write a persuasive email

that convinced your boss to try your idea? Did you create a time management process that helps you deliver assignments on time? And remember, not every experience has to be a success for you to learn from it. For example, maybe you had a team project that was a disaster, but through the project you learned how to better work in teams. Finally, practice responding to the questions you think you will need to answer. The STAR method is a good way to focus your question responses to make sure you tell the interviewer what they need to know, without going on too long. You can organize your story to share the Situation, Task, Action, and Result.

• Situation: Share some context around the challenge you faced. Where were you working? What was your job?

• Task: What was the specific problem you solved, opportunity you took advantage of, or challenge you responded to?

• Action: Explain exactly what you did to resolve the problem, or what action you took in response to the challenge. Make sure you use “I” and not “we” to emphasize your role, even if it was a team project.

• Result: What was the outcome? Did you save a customer? Get an A on the project? If you are sharing a failure, what did you learn?73

Career Guidance

We’ve found that students appreciate career guidance. Toward that end, we included “It’s Your Career” boxes that address skills that will enhance career progress. These include identifying your strengths and weaknesses, managing your time, developing your negotiation skills, and learning to read an organization’s culture.

Continued Focus on Practical Applications

This edition of Management continues our commitment to provide instructors with a comprehensive set of in-text exercises that allow students to translate what they’ve learned into practical applications. These include, for example, end-of-chapter cases, ethical dilemmas, and team-building exercises, plus a part-ending integrative case. Here’s a brief summary of these applications.

Case Applications

There are two case applications at the end of each chapter.

-xe noitcudorp evissam a dna sseccus evissam a htob saw ruoT sarE s’tfiwS rolyaT ecute. Her three-hour-plus, 44-song live show covers themes from her 17-year career. The 52-date sold-out US tour was an ambitious e ort with elaborate stage designs .ylkciuq nwod nekat dna tup gnieb egareva57 diap ,wohs rep 000,45 ylraen ,snaF ticket price of $250 to see Swift’s era-themed rooms moving on stage and screen with coordinated dance numbers, an acoustic set, and 10 out t changes during each show. .egats noitnetta yap tol elohw a ereht ,ylsuoivbO 58 maet tnacifingis a deriuqer wohs namow-eno ylgnimees s’tfiwS rolyaT ,esruoc e ort. Her fashion alone represented the work of several of the world’s most prominent designers, and she needed help changing costumes several times each show. The technically ambitious stage show, created and executed by designers and a variety of .spordkcab euqinu htiw reerac s’tfiwS smubla tnereffid desacwohs ,srekrow 59 Other team members included the 50-plus truckers transporting sets and equipment from one stadium to the next, caterers to feed everyone, workers handing out LED wristbands that sync up to songs in unison when Swift is singing, and many more.

Starbucks Integrative Case

Each of the six parts of this book concludes with the Starbucks integrative case. This case helps students see how concepts can be applied in an organization with which most are familiar as well as see the integrative nature of management. Each part of the case has been updated with developments since the previous edition.

Practice Your Data Analysis Skills

Continuing Case:

Starbucks—Introduction

P2-19.

A co ee business started by three friends caught on, and currently has 10 locations, the environmentally conscious founders of this business have started to consider if the gar bage generated by each store is problematic. Last month, the average waste sent to land lls amounted to 1,500 pounds per store. Stores are open seven days a week, and about 500 customers visit each store daily. It turns out that single-use co ee cups, approximately 500 per day per store, can be replaced by compostable paper cups at a cost of $0.15 per cup. By implementing recycling, 600 pounds of garbage per store can be diverted from going to a land ll. What is the waste diversion rate per store if recycling and compostable cups are used? Assume 50 single-use cups equal one pound of garbage, and the waste diversion rate is calculated by dividing the amount of waste diverted by the total amount of waste, then multiply the total by 100. The waste diversion rate is presented as a percentage.

Skills Exercises

It’s not enough to “know” something. Students need to be able to apply that knowledge. Skills Exercises at the end of each chapter are designed to help achieve that goal. Some of these exercises include developing your skills at creativity, collaboration, building trust, interviewing, motivating others, and acquiring power.

Community. Connection. Caring. Committed. Co ee. Five Cs that describe the essence of Starbucks Corporation what it stands for and what it wants to be as a business. With more than 32,000 stores in eighty countries, Starbucks is the world’s number one specialty co ee retailer. The company also owns the Baya, Evolution Fresh, La Boulange, Princi, Starbucks Reserve, Seattle’s Best Co ee, Starbucks VIA, Starbucks Refreshers, Teavana, Verismo, and Torrefazione Italia brands.1 It’s a company that truly epitomiz es the challenges facing managers in today’s globally competitive environment. To help you better understand these challenges, we’re going to take an in-depth look at Starbucks through these continuing cases, which you’ll nd at the end of every part of the text. Each of these six part-ending continuing cases will look at Starbucks from the perspective of the material presented in that part. Although each case “stands alone,” you’ll be able to see the progression of the management process as you work through each one.

Applied Data Analysis Skills

Following the Starbucks case at the end of each section, we have added a new “Practice Your Data Analysis Skills” assignment for students. Using a theme of a new coffee shop business, students can practice basic data analysis and apply their critical thinking skills to understand the implications of the data.

SKILLS EXERCISE Developing Your Collaboration Skill

About the Skill

Collaboration is the teamwork, synergy, and cooperation used by individuals when they seek a common goal. In many cross-cultural settings, the ability to collaborate is crucial. When all partners must work together to achieve goals, collaboration is critically important to the process. However, cultural di erences can often make collaboration a challenge.

Steps in Practicing the Skill

• Look for common points of interest. The best way to start working together collaboratively is to seek commonalities that exist among the parties. Common points of interest enable communications to be more e ective.

• Listen to others. Collaboration is a team e ort. Everyone has valid points to o er, and each individual should have an opportunity to express their ideas.

• Check for understanding. Make sure you understand what the other person is saying. Use feedback when necessary.

• Accept diversity. Not everything in a collaborative e ort will “go your way.” Be willing to accept di erent ideas and di erent ways of doing things. Be open to these ideas and the creativity that surrounds them.

• Seek additional information. Ask individuals to provide additional information. Encourage others to talk and more fully explain suggestions. This brainstorming opportunity can assist in nding creative solutions.

• Don’t become defensive. Collaboration requires open communication. Discussions may focus on things you and others may not be doing or need to do better. Don’t take the constructive feedback as personal criticism. Focus on the topic being discussed, not on the person delivering the message. Recogniz e that you cannot always be right!

Practicing the Skill

Interview individuals from three nationalities di erent than your own about the challenges of collaborating with individuals from di erent cultures. What challenges do di erent cultures create when people are asked to collaborate? How do they recommend dealing with these challenges? What advice do they have for improving your ability to collaborate at work with people from di erent cultures? Do they think being bilingual and traveling to di erent countries will improve your ability to collaborate?

Ethics Dilemmas

Each chapter presents students with an ethical dilemma and encourages them to practice their skills in ethical decision making and critical decision making.

ETHICS DILEMMA

In many ways, technology has made all of us more productive; however, ethical issues do arise in how and when technology is used. Take competitive amateur and professional sports as an example. All kinds of technologically advanced sports equipment (swimsuits, golf clubs, ski suits, etc.) have been developed that can sometimes give competitors/players an edge over their opponents. Access to technology is expensive, meaning technology use in sports is not equally available to everyone.32

WORKING TOGETHER Team Exercise

Almost a third of employees who leave their companies within the rst 90 days say they didn’t t into the company’s culture.34 This suggests that learning about a company’s culture before you accept a job could save you a considerable amount of grief To increase the chances that you’ll t with the culture of the company you next work for, form groups of three or four and share the characteristics of an organizational culture each group member wants (and doesn’t want) in an employer.

“My Turn to Be a Manager”

Exercises Additional opportunities for students to apply management concepts introduced in each chapter are the “My Turn to Be a Manager” exercises.

4-8. Do you think the use of technology in sports is based on the desire to gain an advantage or the fear of competing at a disadvantage?33 Is this an ethical concern for the use of technology?

4-9. What if your school (or country) were competing for a championship and couldn’t a ord to out t athletes in such equipment, and it a ected their ability to compete? Would that make a di erence?

4-10. Given the degree of complexity and change technology has brought to amateur and professional sports, what can regulators (i.e., management) do to gain some control over their environment?

Compare your lists for common factors. Now choose one of the group members’ lists and, as a group, discuss: What could you do when visiting a company for an interview to nd out whether it has the characteristics on the list? What questions could be asked during the interview to nd out if the company has a strong or weak culture? What clues could be looked for when walking around the company to understand what the culture is like? Be ready to share your analysis with the class.

Team Exercises

Work in today’s organizations is increasingly being done in groups and teams. And being a “team player” has become an important quality in the hiring process. To help students build their collaboration skills, we have included team exercises at the end of each chapter.

MY TURN TO BE A MANAGER

• Find current examples in any popular business periodical of both the omnipotent and symbolic views of management. Write a paper describing what you found and how your examples represent these views of management.

• Consider a business that you frequent (for example, a restaurant or co ee shop) and review the six aspects of the external environment discussed in the text. Create a list of factors in the external environment that could a ect the management of the business you selected.

• Choose an organization you are familiar with or would like to know more about. Create a table identifying potential stakeholders of this organization. Then indicate what particular interests or concerns these stakeholders might have.

• Activist investors and special interest groups try to pressure top management at companies to make signi cant changes to their policies. How have executives at companies like

Coca-Cola, Disney, Exxon, and Meta made changes in response to investors’ or special interest groups’ demands? Give some examples and indicate whether you agree or disagree with the changes. Was there any evidence of greenwashing at the company(ies) you researched?

• If you belong to a student organization, evaluate its culture by answering the following: How would you describe the culture? How do new members learn the culture? How is the culture maintained? If you don’t belong to a student organization, talk to another student who does and evaluate it using the same questions.

• Research remote work and work nomads. In a short paper, discuss the positive and negative impacts these ways of working have on an organization with a strong culture. Would the e ects be the same for an organization with a weak culture? Explain whether maintaining an organization’s culture should be di erent if remote workers and work nomads are used.

About MyLab Management

To improve student results, we recommend pairing the text content with MyLab Management, which is the teaching and learning platform that empowers you to reach every student. By combining trusted author content with digital tools and a flexible platform, MyLab personalizes the learning experience and will help your students learn and retain key course concepts while developing skills that future employers are seeking in their candidates. From Mini Sims to Personal Inventory Assessments and Dynamic Study Modules, MyLab Management helps you teach your course, your way. Learn more at https://www.pearson.com/en-us/higher-education/productsservices/mylab/management.html

Instructor Teaching Resources

Management 16e comes with the following teaching resources:

Supplements available to instructors at www. pearson.com

Features of the Supplement Instructor’s Manual authored by Nathan Hartman from Illinois State University

Test Bank authored by Mike Casey

• Chapter-by-chapter summaries

• Teaching notes

• Answers for End-of-Chapter activities

• Over 1800 multiple-choice, true/false, and short answer/ essay questions

• Aligned to Learning Objectives from the text

• Classified according to difficulty level

• AACSB learning standard identified (Written and oral communication, Ethical understanding and reasoning, Analytical thinking, Diverse and multicultural work environments, Reflective thinking, Application of knowledge, Interpersonal relations and teamwork, and Integration of real-world business experiences)

Computerized TestGen

TestGen allows instructors to:

• Customize, save, and generate classroom tests

• Edit, add, or delete questions from the Test Item Files

• Analyze test results

• Organize a database of tests and student results.

PowerPoints authored by Mike Casey

Slides include all the graphs, tables, and equations in the text.

PowerPoints meet accessibility standards for students with disabilities. Features include, but are not limited to:

• Keyboard and Screen Reader access

• Alternative text for images

• High color contrast between background and foreground colors

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

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