Linux Bible Christopher Negus
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This fully updated 10th edition of Linux Bible gives beginners and intermediate users alike the knowledge and skills to take Linux to the next level. With an emphasis on command-line tools and a focus on the latest versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, and Ubuntu, renowned Linux expert and bestselling author Christopher Negus guides you step-by-step through detailed demonstrations and exercises designed to provide you with a thorough understanding and working knowledge of the Linux operating system. Linux Bible, 10th Edition also provides exam prep materials for various Linux certifications.
Linux is at the heart of most technological advances in cloud computing and that means you need a solid understanding of Linux to work effectively in tomorrow’s data centers. The Linux basics you learn early on in the book are applied in later chapters as the author demonstrates how to deploy Linux systems as hypervisors, cloud controllers, and virtual machines, as well as manage virtual networks and networked storage.
Linux Bible, 10th Edition shows you how to get and install Linux, begin using it, and ultimately excel at administering and securing it. This book is also an excellent resource for software developers who wish to use Linux as a developer workstation. The Linux Bible, 10th Edition shows you how to:
• Get started with Linux
• Implement data center automation with Ansible
• Access a shell and write simple shell scripts
• Simplify system administration with Cockpit
• Secure Linux systems and networks
• Configure various servers and troubleshoot common problems
• Create Linux virtual machines that run on hypervisors and
•
Christopher Negus has been teaching and writing about Linux and UNIX for more than 25 years. He is an instructor and principal technical writer for Red Hat, Inc., and the author of dozens of Linux and UNIX books, including Red Hat Linux Bible (all editions), CentOS Bible, Fedora Bible, Ubuntu Linux Toolbox, Linux Troubleshooting Bible, Linux Toys, and Linux Toys II.
• Use your favorite Linux distribution to learn and test your skills with Linux command-line tools
• Learn professional system administration tasks using Fedora 30, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, Ubuntu 18.04, or other enterprise-ready Linux systems
• Deploy Linux to the cloud
EXPLORE THE LATEST TOOLS AND FEATURES MASTER INSIDE TRICKS AND BEST PRACTICES DISCOVER WHAT YOU NEED, WHEN YOU NEED IT
WRITTEN
This fully updated 10th edition of Linux Bible gives beginners and intermediate users alike the knowledge and skills to take Linux to the next level. With an emphasis on command-line tools and a focus on the latest versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, and Ubuntu, renowned Linux expert and bestselling author Christopher Negus guides you step-by-step through detailed demonstrations and exercises designed to provide you with a thorough understanding and working knowledge of the Linux operating system. Linux Bible, 10th Edition also provides exam prep materials for various Linux certifications.
Linux is at the heart of most technological advances in cloud computing and that means you need a solid understanding of Linux to work effectively in tomorrow’s data centers. The Linux basics you learn early on in the book are applied in later chapters as the author demonstrates how to deploy Linux systems as hypervisors, cloud controllers, and virtual machines, as well as manage virtual networks and networked storage.
Linux Bible, 10th Edition shows you how to get and install Linux, begin using it, and ultimately excel at administering and securing it. This book is also an excellent resource for software developers who wish to use Linux as a developer workstation. The Linux Bible, 10th Edition shows you how to:
• Get started with Linux
• Implement data center automation with Ansible
• Access a shell and write simple shell scripts
• Simplify system administration with Cockpit
• Secure Linux systems and networks
• Configure various servers and troubleshoot common problems
• Create Linux virtual machines that run on hypervisors and
•
Christopher Negus has been teaching and writing about Linux and UNIX for more than 25 years. He is an instructor and principal technical writer for Red Hat, Inc., and the author of dozens of Linux and UNIX books, including Red Hat Linux Bible (all editions), CentOS Bible, Fedora Bible, Ubuntu Linux Toolbox, Linux Troubleshooting Bible, Linux Toys, and Linux Toys II.
• Use your favorite Linux distribution to learn and test your skills with Linux command-line tools
• Learn professional system administration tasks using Fedora 30, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, Ubuntu 18.04, or other enterprise-ready Linux systems
• Deploy Linux to the cloud
EXPLORE THE LATEST TOOLS AND FEATURES
INSIDE TRICKS AND BEST PRACTICES DISCOVER WHAT YOU NEED, WHEN YOU NEED IT
WRITTEN
Lin ® BIBLE
Tenth Edition
Christopher Negus
Cop y r ight © 2020 by Joh n W ile y & Sons, Inc., Indi anapoli s, Indi ana
Pu bli s he d s i multaneously i n Cana d a
I SBN: 978 -1-119-57888 - 8
ISBN: 978-1-119-57891-8 (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-119-57889-5 (ebk)
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As always, I dedicate this book to my w ife, Sheree.
About the Author
Chris Negu s is a principal technical writer for Red Hat, Inc. In more than a decade with Red Hat, Chris has taught hundreds of IT prof essionals to become Red Hat Certi fied Engineers (RHCEs), and he has written scores of documents on everything from Linux to virtualization to cloud comput i ng and conta i ner i zat ion.
Before joining Red Hat, Chris wrote or co-wrote dozens of books on Linux and UNIX, including the Red Hat Linux Bible (all editions), Docker Containers, CentOS Bible, Fedora Bible, Linux Troubleshoot ing Bible, Linux Toys, Linux Toys II, and, nine editions of this I Linux Bible. C h r i s also co-authored several books for the Linux Toolbox series for power users: Fedora Linux Toolbox,x SUSE Linux Toolbox,x Ubuntu Linux Toolbox,x Mac OS X Toolbox, and x BSD UNIX Toolbox.x
Before becoming an independent author, Chris worked for eight years with the organization at AT&T that developed the UNIX operating system before moving to Utah to help contribute to Novell’s Un i xWare project i n t he ear ly 1990s. W hen not wr it i ng a bout L i nux, C h r i s enjoys playing soccer, hanging out with his wife, Sheree, and spending what time he can with his sons, Set h and Caleb.
About the Technical Editors
Jason W. Ec ker t i s an exper ienced tec h n ical tra i ner, consultant, and best-selli ng aut hor i n t he Information Technology (IT) industry. With 45 industry certifi cations, over 30 years of IT exper ience, 4 pu bli s hed apps, and 24 pu bli s hed text book s cover i ng top ics suc h as UNIX, Linux, securit y, Windows Server, Microsoft Exchange Server, PowerShell, BlackBerr y Enterpr i se Server, and v ideo game development, Mr. Ec kert br i ngs hi s expert i se to every cl ass t h at he teaches at triOS College in his role as the Dean of Technology. For more information about M r. Ec kert, v i s it jasoneckert.net.
Derrick Ornelas is a senior software maintenance eng ineer at Red Hat, Inc. In his current role as a product lead for Red Hat container technologies, including OpenShi f t Container Platform and Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS, Derrick works to ensure both the supportability and qualit y of Red Hat ’s products. Previously, he worked as a senior technical support lead for Red Hat virtualization technologies, such as libvirt, KVM, and the Red Hat Virtualization product.
During his 12 y ears at Red Hat, Derrick earned the Red Hat Certified Eng ineer and Red Hat Certified Virtualization Administrator certifications, and he has applied his broad Linux k now ledge to arc hitect, deploy, and ma i nta i n var ious h ardware l a bs and applicat ions.
Derrick ’s nearly two decades of Linux experience began while earning his BS in Computer Science f rom Appalachian State University. As a devoted Linux supporter, he enjoys teaching and assisting new Linux users both on and off the clock. When he’s not working on his mon itor tan, Derr ic k enjoys mounta i n biki ng, motorcycli ng, and bac k pac ki ng w it h hi s w i f e, Carolyn.
WH at a b bout a dozen y ears ago, I did n’t k now t h at Red Hat hen I was hi red at Red would grow to about seven ti mes its size, be bought by IBM for $34 billion, and (so wouldgrowtoaboutse v far) still maintain the spirit o of openness and excitement that it had when I fi rst signed on. Every day when I come to work, I interact with many of the greatest Linux and cloud developers, testers, instructors, and support professionals in the world.
While I can’t thank everyone individually, I would like to salute the culture of cooperation ually,Iwouldliketosalutethecultureofcooperation and excellence at Red Hat t h at serves to i mprove my own L i nux s kill s every d ay. I don’t spea k w ell of Red Hat because I work there; I work at Red Hat because it lives up to the ideals of open source sof tware in ways that match my own belief s.
That said, there are a few Red Hatters that I want to acknowledge in particular. At Red Hat, I ’m able to take on so many cool and challenging projects because of the f reedom that I receive f rom the people to whom I report. The y include Michelle Bearer, Dawn Eisner, and Sam Knuth. Sam, in particular, has had my back and encouraged my work for more than a decade.
In my d a ily work, I want to g ive a s hout out to Re d Hatters Scott McCarty, Ben Breard, Laurie Friedman, Dave Darrah, Micah Abbott, Steve Milner, and Ian McLeod (container tools, RHCOS, and OpenShi f t teams), and Tom McKay, Joey Schorr, Bill Dettelback, Richa Marwaha, and Dirk Herrmann (Quay team). Finally, a special thank you to Vikram Goyal, who luckily lives in Australia, so he is alway s available to bail me out when I blow up g it in the middle of the n ight.
When it comes to support for writing this book, I have had the luxury of two excellent techn ical editors: Jason Eckert and Derrick Ornelas. I didn’t know Jason before he took on this role, but his broad experience with di ff erent Linux systems has helped call me out when I get too Red Hat centr ic. Derr ic k, who I see al most every d ay, was as ked to do t hi s work because of his attention to detail and deep understanding of how Linux works and what people need to know to use it. Anyone reading this book will have a better experience because of the work t h at Jason and Derr ic k h ave done rev iew i ng it.
As for the people at Wiley, thanks for letting me continue to develop and improve this book over t he years. T h an k s to Gary Sc hwartz, who applies constant, gentle pressure to keep me worki ng on t hi s book at t i mes when I h ad no spare c ycles to work on it. W hen Gar y ’ s pressure w asn’t enough, Devon Lewis would step in to paint a clearer picture about the importance of deadlines. Thanks also to Margot Maley Hutchison f rom Waterside Productions for contracting t he book for me with Wile y and alway s looking out for my best interests.
Finally, thanks to my wife, Sheree, for sharing her life with me and doing such a great job ra i s i ng Set h and Caleb.
—C h r i stopher Negus
Part
Part
Contents at a Glance
Part VI: Engaging with Cloud Computing .
Chapter 26: Shifting to Clouds and Containers .............................................................. 693
Chapter 27: Using Linux for Cloud Computing ...............................................................709
Chapter 28: Deploy ing Linux to the Cloud ....................................................................729
Chapter 29: Automating Apps and Infrastructure with Ansible ...................................... 749
Chapter 30: Deploying Applications as Containers with Kubernetes ................................765
Part VII: Appendixes
Appendix A: Media ..................................................................................................... 787
Appendix B: Exercise Answers ..................................................................................... 797 I
Chapter
Accessing
Chapter 20: Configuring an NFS File Server
Part V: Learning Linux Security Techniques 563
Chapter
Li
Securing
log files 581
itor i ng user account s ........................................................................... 584 Detecting counter f eit new accounts and privileges .............................. 584
Detect i ng bad account passwords ....................................................... 586 Monitoring the fi lesystem .......................................................................... 587
Veri f ying sof tware packages .............................................................. 588
S canning the filesystem 589
Detect i ng v i ruses and root kit s 590
Audit i ng and Rev iew i ng L i nu x............................................................................ 595
Conduct i ng compli ance rev iews .................................................................. 595
Conduct i ng secur ity rev iew s ...................................................................... 596 Summary .......................................................................................................... 596
Exerc i ses ........................................................................................................... 597
Chapter 23: Understanding Advanced Linux Security y 599
Implement i ng L i nux Secur ity w it h Cryptography 599 Understandi ng h as hi ng ............................................................................. 600
