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The

Collected Papers of J. L. Moles

The Collected Papers of J. L. Moles

Volume 2: Studies in Greek and Latin Literature

Edited by John Marincola

Cover illustration: Diogenes (1882) by John William Waterhouse. Art Gallery of NS W With permission

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Moles, J. L. (John L.), author. | Marincola, John, editor.

Title: The collected papers of J.L. Moles / edited by John Marincola.

Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2023 ]- | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Contents: Volume 1 . Studies in Dio Chrysostom, Cynic philosophy, and the New Testament —

Identifiers: LCCN 2023001839 (print) | LCCN 2023001840 (ebook) |

ISBN 9789004537101 (v. 1 ; hardback) | ISBN 9789004538047 (v. 2 ; hardback) | ISBN 9789004541283 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004538719 (v. 1 ; ebook) | ISBN 9789004538726 (v. 2 ; ebook)

Classification: LCC D56 .M65 2023 (print) | LCC D56 (ebook) | DDC 937.007202 —dc23 /eng/20230131

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023001839

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023001840

Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface

isbn 978-90-04-53710-1 (hardback, vol. 1)

isbn 978-90-04-53871-9 (e-book, vol. 1)

isbn 978-90-04-53804-7 (hardback, vol. 2)

isbn 978-90-04-53872-6 (e-book, vol. 2)

isbn 978-90-04-54128-3 (hardback, set)

Copyright 2023 by the Estate of J. L. Moles. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hotei, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau, V&R unipress and Wageningen Academic.

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For Rachel and Thomas

Preface xi

John Marincola

Appreciation xiv

Ruth Chambers

Publications of J. L. Moles xv

Abbreviations xxii

Permissions xxiv

Professor J. L. Moles XXVIII

A. J. Woodman

Introduction to Parts 4 and 5 1

Christopher Pelling

Part 4

Studies in Greco-Roman Biography

31 Plutarch, Crassus 13.4–5 and Cicero’s de consiliis suis (1982) [8]* 11

32 The Ides of March and Anna Perenna (1982) [7] 14

33 Some ‘Last Words’ of M. Iunius Brutus (1983) [14] 17

34 Fate, Apollo, and M. Junius Brutus (1983) [17] 35

35 Plutarch, Brutus, and the Ghost of Caesar (1985) [27] 43

36 The Attacks on L. Cornelius Cinna, Praetor in 44 bc (1987) [32] 45

37 Review of J. Geiger, Cornelius Nepos and Ancient Political Biography (1989) [35] 49

38 Review of P. A. Stadter, A Commentary on Plutarch’s Pericles (1992) [49] 55

* Numbers in square brackets refer to the section ‘Publications of J. L. Moles’.

39 Review of N. Horsfall, Cornelius Nepos: a Selection, including the Lives of Cato and Atticus (1992) [46] 65

40 The Text and Interpretation of Plutarch, Vit. Cic. 45.1 (1992) [43] 69

41 Plutarch, Vit. Ant. 31.3 and Suetonius, Aug. 69.2 (1992) [44] 76

42 On Reading Cornelius Nepos with Nicholas Horsfall (1993) [52] 81

43 Textual and Interpretative Notes on Plutarch’s Cicero (1993) [54] 91

44 Plutarch, Brutus, and Brutus’ Greek and Latin Letters (1997) [71] 100

Part 5 Studies in Greco-Roman Historiography

45 Virgil, Pompey, and the Histories of Asinius Pollio (1983) [15] 131

46 The Interpretation of the ‘Second Preface’ in Arrian’s Anabasis (1985) [28] 134

47 Review of A. J. Woodman, Rhetoric in Classical Historiography: Four Studies (1990) [38] 149

48 Review of V. J. Gray, The Character of Xenophon’s Hellenica (1992) [45] 154

49 Truth and Untruth in Herodotus and Thucydides (1993) [53] 159

50 Livy’s Preface (1993) [51] 190

51 Xenophon and Callicratidas (1994) [61] 224

52 Herodotus Warns the Athenians (1996) [69] 247

53 Cry Freedom: Tacitus, Annals 4.32–5 (1998) [72] 272

54 Ἀνάθημα Καὶ Κτῆμα: the Inscriptional Inheritance of Ancient Historiography (1999) [73] 365

55 A False Dilemma: Thucydides’ History and Historicism (2001) [76] 411

56 Herodotus and Athens (2002) [79] 439

57 ‘Saving’ Greece from the ‘Ignominy’ of Tyranny? The ‘Famous’ and ‘Wonderful’ Speech of Socles (Herodotus 5.92) (2007) [85] 462

58 Narrative and Speech Problems in Thucydides Book 1 (2010) [86] 490

Introduction to Parts 6 and 7 518

John Marincola

Part 6

Greek Literature

59 Notes on Aristotle, Poetics 13 and 14 (1979) [3] 525

60 A Neglected Aspect of Agamemnon 1389–92 (1979) [4] 548

61 A Note on Antigone 1238f. (1980) [5] 562

62 Aeschylus, Agamemnon 36–7 Again (1984) [20] 567

63 Philanthropia in the Poetics (1984) [22] 571

64 Review of S. Goldhill, Language, Sexuality, Narrative: The Oresteia (1986) [30] 583

Part 7

Latin Literature

65 A Note on Cicero, ad Quintum fratrem 2.10(9).3 (1982) [6] 605

66 Aristotle and Dido’s Hamartia (1984) [18] 609

67 Politics, Philosophy, and Friendship in Horace Odes 2.7 (1987) [31] 618

68 The Tragedy and Guilt of Dido (1987) [33] 632

69 The Dramatic Coherence of Ovid, Amores 1.1 and 1.2 (1991) [42] 644

70 Review of R. Mayer, ed., Horace: Epistles I (1994) [68] 649

71 Reconstructing Plancus (Horace, C. 1.7) (2002) [77] 663

72 Poetry, Philosophy, Politics, and Play: Epistles 1 (2002) [78] 703

73 Vergil’s Loss of Virginity: Reading a Life (2014) [97] 725

74 Horace: Life, Death, Friendship, and Philosophy (2012) [90] 771

Index Locorum 779

Envoi

Preface

At his untimely death in October 2015, John Moles was already recognised as one of the great classical scholars of his time. His expertise ranged widely over Greek and Latin literature, philosophy, biography, historiography, and the New Testament, especially the books of Luke and Acts. His work, which was and continues to be extremely influential, is distinguished by its close reading of texts, its careful attention to language (examining both what is said and what is unsaid), and a consistent interdisciplinary approach.

This two-volume collection brings together fifty-nine of John’s previously published notes, articles, and book chapters, eight reviews, and seven previously unpublished papers. The papers appear in chronological order by section, the one exception being the final chapter, which seemed to me a fitting envoi to the entire collection.

John’s work appeared in a variety of publications in different countries over nearly forty years. Methods of citation varied greatly in the original publications, and so in editing these papers I have tried to bring uniformity by doing the following: (1) standardising spelling, punctuation, abbreviations, and manner of citation throughout; (2) correcting obvious minor misprints and slips; (3) reformatting a very few of the earliest pieces to make them easier to read and follow; (4) updating references to standard works of ancient authors or collections that have appeared since the publication of the papers; (5) inserting references to reprints (and occasionally updated editions) of scholarly articles and books; and (6) providing a bibliography for each chapter. My editorial intrusions are marked with curly brackets, thus: { }. The page numbers of the original publication are placed within the text in white square brackets, thus: ⟦ ⟧.

Although I have checked each item in the bibliography for accuracy, it was not possible to check the many thousands of references in these volumes. (In a few cases, where I became aware of a mis-citation or the like, I have corrected it without indication.) Nor have I tried to update the articles either by listing bibliography subsequent to their publication or by reference to those scholars who have engaged with the articles (either in agreement or disagreement). It would have required a scholar of John’s calibre to do so, and as with all scholarship, these pieces are of their time. In any case, specialists will know where John’s influence has been felt.

His unpublished papers, as one would expect, were in various stages of completeness. Those appearing here were in sufficiently good shape to make clear the lines of thought and interpretation that John intended to pursue. Where it

was possible and I felt myself competent to do so, I filled in references. At the same time, the reader will understand that these papers did not receive John’s ultima manus. There is a certain amount of repetition in them (which I have let stand), and there is little doubt that John would have added more references throughout.

There are, however, two exceptions. First, Professor Justin Reid Allison expended a truly impressive effort in editing ‘Matthew the Mathete’ (ch. 26) so as to bring it up to the standards John himself would have maintained, and I am very grateful to him for his efforts, as all readers of the article will be. Second, Professor Damien Nelis was of enormous help in clarifying and updating a number of references in ‘Vergil’s Loss of Virginity’ (ch. 73), immensely improving the article while retaining John’s signature voice. To both of these scholars I am greatly indebted.

It has been nearly seven years since John’s death, and I regret that it has taken so long to bring this project to light. I have been sustained over the years by the kindness of colleagues and friends. Ruth Chambers, John’s widow, has supported the project from the very beginning, offering every assistance and displaying a patience in awaiting the final product that was exemplary. Federico Santangelo tracked down much of John’s unpublished material. Aldo Brancacci, Jane Heath, and Chris Pelling were very helpful in providing feedback at various stages, and I am grateful to them not least for their illuminating introductions. For offering assistance in a variety of matters, and/or for providing material in hard copy or electronically, I thank Justin Reid Allison, Alexander Hardie, Stephen Harrison, Adam Kemezis, Christina Kraus, Manfred Lang, Damien Nelis, Chris Pelling, Fran Titchener, Tony Woodman, and Harvey Yunis. At Brill I am very grateful to Mirjam Elbers, the Classics editor, who agreed to take on the publication, and to Giulia Moriconi, who has assisted in all aspects of getting the materials ready for publication. I thank also Theo Joppe who has been indispensable in the production of these volumes. I am indebted as always to the Interlibrary Loan department at Florida State University’s Strozier Library for help in procuring a large number of items. Towards the final stages of this project St Hugh’s College, Oxford provided generous hospitality.

Two people deserve special thanks. My wife, Laurel Fulkerson, has lived with this project every step of the way, and has offered support and assistance throughout. And Tony Woodman’s advice and generosity at all stages of the project was invaluable. Without his assistance and support, this collection would have never come to fruition.

This project has been both a joy and a challenge. A joy, because I got to spend it in John’s intellectual company, but a challenge because I wanted

to do justice to his rich output and to do my best to make it more accessible to others, since I believe it is of value not only for the numerous brilliant insights it offers, but also because of the methodology employed, which is of a value independent of the content of any individual chapter.

As a young scholar, I, like many, benefitted from John’s astonishing generosity in reading and commenting on my work. I hope that this collection may represent not just my own gratitude to John but also that of all the young scholars and colleagues whose work over the years he cultivated, nurtured, and improved. We owe him more thanks than we can ever express.

The collection is dedicated to John’s children.

J. M.

Oxford, May 2022

Appreciation

Ruth Chambers

This collection of John’s papers brings to the classical world a definitive view of the breadth and brilliance of his scholarly output. That this has been accomplished is due to an act of selfless dedication for which John would be deeply grateful. I speak for him, and his family, friends, and colleagues, in expressing profound thanks to John Marincola for his painstaking editorial work and his unwavering devotion to ensuring that all John’s papers are gathered and presented under one imprint. Bringing John’s lifetime writings to publication in this way is an outstanding achievement and a lasting tribute to a friend.

Publications of J. L. Moles

Note: The dates for unpublished articles are approximations and based on indications in the manuscripts.

1978

1. ‘The Career and Conversion of Dio Chrysostom’, JHS 98: 79–100.

1979

2. A Commentary on Plutarch’s Brutus (diss. Oxford; unpublished; see below, no. 100).

3. ‘Notes on Aristotle’s Poetics 13 and 14’, CQ n.s. 29: 77–94.

4. ‘A Neglected Aspect of Agamemnon 1389–92’, LCM 4: 179–89.

1980

5. ‘A Note on Antigone 1238f.’, LCM 5: 193–6.

1982

6. ‘A Note on Cicero, ad Quintum fratrem 2.10(9).3’, LCM 7: 63–5.

7. ‘The Ides of March and Anna Perenna’, LCM 7: 89–90.

8. ‘Plutarch, Crassus 13.4–5, and Cicero’s de consiliis suis’ , LCM 7: 136–7.

9. Review of M. L. Clarke, The Noblest Roman (London and New York, 1981), LCM 7: 137–9.

10. Review of P. A. Stadter, Arrian of Nicomedia (Chapel Hill and London, 1980), JHS 102: 254–5.

1983

11. ‘Dio Chrysostom: Exile, Tarsus, Nero, and Domitian’, LCM 8:130–4.

12. ‘“Honestius quam Ambitiosius”? An Exploration of the Cynic’s Attitude to Moral Corruption in his Fellow Men’, JHS 103: 103–23.

13. ‘The Date and Purpose of the Fourth Kingship Oration of Dio Chrysostom’, ClAnt 2: 251–78.

14. ‘Some “Last Words” of M. Iunius Brutus’, Latomus 42: 763–79.

15. ‘Virgil, Pompey and the Histories of Asinius Pollio’, CW 76: 287–8.

16. ‘The Woman and the River: Diogenes’ Apophthegm from Herculaneum and Some Popular Misconceptions about Cynicism’, Apeiron 17: 125–30.

17. ‘Fate, Apollo and M. Iunius Brutus’, AJPh 104: 249–56.

1984

18. ‘Aristotle and Dido’s Hamartia’ , G&R 31: 48–54.

19. ‘The Addressee of the Third Kingship Oration of Dio Chrysostom’, Prometheus 10: 65–69.

20. ‘Aeschylus: Agamemnon 36–37 Again’, LCM 9: 5–6.

21. ‘Brutus and Dido Revisited’, LCM 9: 156.

22. ‘Philanthropia in the Poetics’ , Phoenix 38: 325–35.

23. Review of J. L. Strachan-Davidson, Appian: Civil Wars I ’ (Chicago reprint, 1983), JACT Bulletin Review 64: viii.

24. Review of N. G. L. Hammond, Three Historians of Alexander the Great (Cambridge, 1983), JACT Review 1: 32–33.

25. Review of A. J. Woodman, Velleius Paterculus: The Caesarian and Augustan Narrative (Cambridge, 1983), JRS 74: 242–4.

1985

26. ‘Cynicism in Horace Epistles I ’ , PLLS 5: 33–60.

27. ‘Plutarch, Brutus and the Ghost of Caesar’, PACA 82: 19–20.

28. ‘The Interpretation of the “Second Preface” in Arrian’s Anabasis’ , JHS 105: 162–8.

29. Review of C. Carena, M. Manfredini, and L. Piccirilli, edd., Plutarco: Le vite di Temistocle e Camillo (Milan, 1983), CR 35: 260–1.

1986

30. Review of S. Goldhill, Language, Sexuality, Narrative: The Oresteia (Cambridge, 1984), LCM 11: 55–64.

1987

31. ‘Politics, Philosophy and Friendship in Horace Odes 2.7’, QUCC 25: 59–72.

32. ‘The Attacks on L. Cornelius Cinna, Praetor in 44 B.C.’, RhMus 130: 124–8.

33. ‘The Tragedy and Guilt of Dido’, in M. Whitby, M. Whitby, and P. R. Hardie, edd., Homo Viator: Classical Essays for John Bramble (Bristol and Chicago, 1987), 153–61.

1988

34. Plutarch: The Life of Cicero (Warminster).

1989

35. Review of J. Geiger, Cornelius Nepos and Ancient Political Biography (Wiesbaden, 1985), CR 39: 229–33.

36. Review of P. McGushin, Sallust: the Conspiracy of Catiline (Bristol, 1987), CR 39: 393–4.

1990

37. ‘The Kingship Orations of Dio Chrysostom’, PLLS 6: 297–375.

38. Review of A. J. Woodman, Rhetoric in Classical Historiography: Four Studies (London, Sydney, and Portland, 1988)’, History of the Human Sciences 3.2: 317–21.

39. Review of L. Pearson, The Greek Historians of the West: Timaeus and his Predecessors (Atlanta, 1987), JHS 110: 231–2.

40. Review of P. J. Rhodes, ed., Thucydides: History II (Warminster, 1988) and J. S. Rusten, ed., Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War II (Cambridge, 1989), JACT Review 7: 28–9.

41. Review of A. B. Bosworth, From Arrian to Alexander (Oxford, 1988), JACT Review 7: 29–30.

1991

42. ‘The Dramatic Coherence of Ovid, Amores 1.1 and 1.2’, CQ 41: 551–4.

1992

43. ‘The Text and Interpretation of Plutarch, Vit. Cic. 45.1’, Hermes 120: 240–44.

44. ‘Plutarch, Vit. Ant. 31.3 and Suetonius, Aug. 69.2’, Hermes 120: 245–7.

45. Review of V. J. Gray, The Character of Xenophon’s Hellenica (London and Baltimore, 1989)’, CR 13: 281–4.

46. Review of N. Horsfall, Cornelius Nepos: a selection, including the lives of Cato and Atticus (Oxford, 1989), CR 42: 314–6.

47. Review of J. R. Bradley, The Sources of Cornelius Nepos (New York, 1991), Ploutarchos 8: 30–2.

48. Review of C. Habicht, Cicero (Baltimore 1990), Ploutarchos 9: 28–31.

49. Review of P. A. Stadter, A Commentary on Plutarch’s Pericles (Chapel Hill, 1989), CR 42: 289–94.

1993

50. ‘Le cosmopolitisme cynique’, in M.-O. Goulet-Cazé and R Goulet, edd., Le Cynisme et ses prolonguements (Paris) 259–80. [English version no. 70, below.]

51. ‘Livy’s Preface’, PCPhS 39: 141–68.

52. ‘On Reading Cornelius Nepos with Nicholas Horsfall’, LCM 18: 76–80.

53. ‘Truth and Untruth in Greek and Roman Historiography’, in C. Gill and T. P. Wiseman, edd., Lies and Fiction in the Ancient World (Exeter and Austin) 88–121.

54. ‘Textual and Interpretative Notes on Plutarch’s Cicero’, in H. D. Jocelyn and H. Hurt, edd., Tria Lustra: Essays Presented to John Pinsent (Liverpool) 151–6.

55. ‘Thucydides’, JACT Review 14: 14–18.

56. Review of P. A. Stadter, ed., Plutarch and the Historical Tradition (London and New York, 1992), CR 43: 29–32.

57. Review of D. A. Russell, Dio Chrysostom: Orations VI I , XI I , XXXVI (Cambridge, 1992), CR 43: 256–8.

58. Review of J. M. Alonso-Núñez, La historia universal de Pompeyo Trogo (Madrid, 1992), CR 43: 285–6.

59. Review of A. J. Pomeroy, The Appropriate Comment: Death Notices in the Ancient Historians (Frankfurt am Main, 1991), CR 43: 295–6

60. Review of Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy: Supplementary Volume 1991: Aristotle and the Later Tradition (Oxford, 1991), Ploutarchos 9: 32–4.

1994

61. ‘Xenophon and Callicratidas’, JHS 114: 70–84.

62. Review of N. G. L. Hammond, Sources for Alexander the Great: an Analysis of Plutarch’s Life and Arrian’s Anabasis Alexandrou (Cambridge, 1993), CR 44: 344–5.

63. Review of T. J. Figueira, Excursions in Epichoric History: Aiginetan Essays (Lanham, Md., 1993), CR 44: 331–3.

64. Review of F. Chamoux, P. Bertrac, and Y. Vernière, edd., Diodore de Sicile: Bibliotheque Historique I (Paris, 1993), CR 44: 272–4.

1995

65. ‘The Cynics and Politics’, in A. Laks and M. Schofield, edd., Justice and Generosity: Studies in Hellenistic Social and Political Philosophy (Cambridge) 129–58.

66. ‘Dio Chrysostom, Greece, and Rome’, in H. Hine, D. C. Innes, and C. Pelling, edd., Ethics and Rhetoric: Studies Presented to Donald Russell (Oxford) 177–92.

67. Review of E. Badian, From Plataea to Potidaea: Studies in the History and Historiography of the Pentekontaetia (Baltimore and London, 1993), JHS 115: 213–5.

68. Review of R. Mayer, ed., Horace: Epistles I (Cambridge, 1994), BMCR 6.2: 160–70 (= BMCR 1995.02.37).

1996

69. ‘Herodotus Warns the Athenians’, PLLS 9: 259–84.

70. ‘Cynic Cosmopolitanism’, in M.-O. Goulet-Cazé and R. B. Branham, edd., The Cynics: the Cynic Movement in Antiquity and its Legacy (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London) 105–20.

1997

71. ‘Plutarch, Brutus and Brutus’ Greek and Latin Letters’, in J. Mossman, ed., Plutarch and his Intellectual World (London) 141–68.

1998

72. ‘Cry Freedom: Tacitus Annals 4.32–35’, Histos 2: 95–184.

1999

73. ‘Α ΝΑΘΗΜΑ ΚΑΙ ΚΤΗΜ Α : the Inscriptional Inheritance of Ancient Historiography’, Histos 3: 27–69.

2000

74. ‘The Dionian Charidemus’, in S. Swain, ed., Dio Chrysostom: Politics, Letters, and Philosophy (Oxford) 187–210.

75. ‘The Cynics’, in C. J. Rowe and M. Schofield, edd., The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought (Cambridge) 415–34. (Entitled ‘The Political Thought of the Cynics’ in this collection.)

2001

76. ‘A False Dilemma: Thucydides’ History and Historicism’, in S. J. Harrison, ed., Texts, Ideas, and the Classics: Scholarship, Theory, and Classical Literature (Oxford) 195–219.

2002

77. ‘Reconstructing Plancus: Horace, Odes 1.7’, JRS 92: 86–109.

78. ‘Poetry, Philosophy, Politics and Play: Epistles 1’, in T. Woodman and D. Feeney, edd., Traditions and Contexts in the Poetry of Horace (Cambridge) 141–57, 235–7.

79. ‘Herodotus and Athens’, in E. J. Bakker, I. J. F. de Jong, and H. van Wees, edd., Brill’s Companion to Herodotus (Leiden) 33–52.

2003

80. ‘Dio und Trajan’, in K. Piepenbrink, ed., Philosophie und Lebenswelt in der Antike (Darmstadt) 186–207. (English edition, previously unpublished, is entitled ‘Dio and Trajan’ in this collection.)

2005

81. ‘The Thirteenth Oration of Dio Chrysostom: Complexity and Simplicity, Rhetoric and Moralism, Literature and Life’, JHS 125: 112–38.

2006

82. ‘Cynic Influence upon First-Century Judaism and Early Christianity?’, in B. McGing and J. Mossman, edd., The Limits of Biography (London and Swansea) 89–116.

83. ‘Jesus and Dionysus in The Acts of the Apostles and Early Christianity’, Hermathena 180: 65–104.

2007

84. ‘Philosophy and Ethics’, in S. Harrison, ed., Cambridge Companion to Horace (Cambridge) 165–80. (Entitled ‘Philosophy and Ethics in Horace’ in this collection.)

85. ‘“Saving” Greece from the “Ignominy” of Tyranny? The “Famous” and “Wonderful” Speech of Socles (5.92)’, in E. Irwin and E. Greenwood, edd., Reading Herodotus: A Study of the Logoi in Book 5 of Herodotus’ Histories (Cambridge) 245–68.

2008

86. ‘Defacing the Currency: Cynicism in Dio Chrysostom’ (unpublished)

2010

87. ‘Narrative and Speech Problems in Thucydides Book I’, in C. S. Kraus, J. Marincola, and C. Pelling, edd., Ancient Historiography and its Contexts: Studies in Honour of A. J. Woodman (Oxford) 15–39.

2011

88. ‘Luke’s Preface: the Greek Decree, Classical Historiography, and Christian Redefinitions’, NTS 57: 461–82.

89. ‘Jesus the Healer in the Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, and Early Christianity’, Histos 5: 117–82.

2012

90. ‘Horace: Life, Death, Friendship and Philosophy’, in The Horatian Society Addresses (Horatian Society, London) 5–18.

91. ‘Luke and Acts: Prefaces and Consequences’ (previously unpublished)

92. ‘What’s in a Name? Χριστός/χρηστός and χριστιανοί/χρηστιανοί in the First Century AD ’ (unpublished).

2013

93. ‘Time and Space Travel in Luke-Acts’, in R. Dupertuis and T. Penner, edd., Engaging Early Christian History: Reading Acts in the Second Century (Durham) 101–22.

94. ‘Matthew the Mathete: Sphragis, Authority, Mathesis, Succession, and Gospel Truth’ (previously unpublished)

95. ‘Greek, Roman, Jewish, and Christian Philosophy in Luke-Acts’ (previously unpublished)

2014

96. ‘Accommodation, Opposition or Other: Luke–Acts’ Stance Towards Rome’, in J. M. Madsen and R. Rees, edd., Roman Rule in Greek and Latin Writing: Double Vision (Leiden) 79–104.

97. ‘Vergil’s Loss of Virginity: Reading the Life’ (previously unpublished)

98. ‘Selling Christian Happiness to Pagans: the Case of Luke-Acts’ (previously unpublished)

2017

99. ‘Romane, Memento: Antisthenes, Dio and Virgil on the Education of the Strong’, in A. J. Woodman and J. Wisse, edd., Word and Context in Latin Poetry: Studies in Memory of David West (Cambridge) 105–30.

100. A Commentary on Plutarch’s Brutus, edited with updated bibliography by C. B. R. Pelling (Histos Supplement 7; Newcastle)

Moles also wrote the entry ‘Demonax’ in D. J. Zeyl, ed., Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy (Westport, 1997) 172–3, and various entries on Cynicism in OCD 3: ‘Bion of Borysthenes’ (243); ‘Diatribe’ (463–4); ‘Diogenes the Cynic’ (473–4); ‘Cynics’ (418–19); ‘Crates of Thebes’ (406); and ‘Oenomaos’ (562)

Abbreviations

Ancient Authors. Abbreviations for ancient authors generally follow H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, edd., Greek–English Lexicon, and P. G. W. Glare, ed., Oxford Latin Dictionary.

Note, however, that Dio Chrysostom is always and everywhere cited simply as ‘Dio’.

Modern Works. Abbreviations for journals follow those of L’Année Philologique, with the usual English-language modifications. For frequently cited modern works, the following are used.

ABD D. N. Freedman, ed., Anchor Bible Dictionary, 6 vols (New York, 1992)

ANRW H. Temporini, et al., edd., Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (Berlin and New York, 1972–).

CAH 2 Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1961–2005).

CIG A. Boeckh, et al., edd., Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum (Berlin, 1828–77).

CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (Berlin, 1863–).

Cohoon / J. W. Cohoon and H. L. Crosby, Dio Chrysostom (London and Crosby Cambridge, Mass. 1932–51), 5 vols. Cohoon edited and translated Orations 1–31, Crosby Orations 32–80; cited by author’s name, followed by volume and page number.

D–K H. Diels and W. Kranz, edd., Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (Berlin, 61951).

FGrHist F. Jacoby, et al., Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (Berlin and Leiden, 1923–56; Leiden, 1994–). Texts are cited by the number of the historian, and T(estimonium) or F(ragment).

FRHist T. J. Cornell, ed., Fragments of the Roman Historians (Oxford, 2017). Texts are cited by the number of the historian, and T(estimonium) or F(ragment)

HRR H. Peter, Historicorum Romanorum Fragmenta (Leipzig, 1906; vol. I 2 , 1914).

IEG 2 M. L. West, Iambi et Elegi Graeci, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1989–92).

IGR R. Cagnat, ed., Inscriptiones Graecae ad Res Romanas Pertinentes (Paris, 1906–27)

ILLRP A. Degrassi, ed., Inscriptiones Latinae Liberae Rei Publicae (Florence, 1963; vol. I 2 , 1965).

ILS H. Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae (Berlin, 1892–1916).

L–M A. Laks and G. Most, edd., Early Greek Philosophy, 9 vols. (Cambridge, Mass. and London, 2016).

Long–Sedley A. A. Long and D. N. Sedley, edd., The Hellenistic Philosophers, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1987).

LSJ 9 H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, and H. S. Jones, A Greek–English Lexicon, 9th ed. (Oxford, 1968; repr. with new supplement, ed. P. G. W. Glare, 1996).

L&S C. T. Lewis and C. Short, A Latin Dictionary (Oxford, 1880).

OCD 2 N. G. L. Hammond and H. H. Scullard, edd., The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1970).

OCD 3 S. Hornblower and A. J. Spawforth, edd., The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Oxford, 1996).

OCD 4 S. Hornblower, A. J. Spawforth, and E. Eidinow, edd., The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th ed. (Oxford, 2012)

OGIS W. Dittenberger, Orientis Graecae Inscriptiones Selectae (Leipzig, 1915–24).

OLD P. G. W. Glare, ed., Oxford Latin Dictionary (Oxford, 1982).

PCG R. Kassell and C. Austin, eds., Poetae Comici Graeci (Berlin, 1983–). Cited by fragment number with volume and page number in parentheses.

PIR 1 E. Klebs and H. Dessau, edd., Prosopographia Imperii Romani (Berlin, 1897–8).

PIR 2 E. Groag, A. Stein, et al., edd., Prosopographia Imperii Romani, 2nd ed. (Berlin, 1933–).

PSI Papiri Greci e Latini: Pubblicazioni della Società italiana per la ricerca dei papiri greci e latini in Egitto (Florence, 1912–)

RE A. von Pauly, G. Wissowa, and W. Kroll, edd., Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft (Stuttgart, 1894–1978)

SIG 3 W. Dittenberger, Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum, 3rd ed. (Leipzig, 1915–24).

SR G. Giannantoni, Socraticorum Reliquiae, 4 vols. (Naples, 1983–5).

SSR G. Giannantoni, Socratis et Socraticorum Reliquiae, 4 vols. (Naples, 1990).

SVF H. von Arnim, ed., Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta, 4 vols. (1903–24).

TrGF B. Snell et al., edd., Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (Göttingen, 1971–2004).

TLL Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (Munich, 1900–).

Permissions

We gratefully acknowledge the following publishers and individuals for permission to reprint the papers for which they hold the copyright. Numbers in parentheses refer to the chapters in this volume.

E. J. Brill, Leiden:

(56) ‘Herodotus and Athens’, in E. J. Bakker, I. J. F. de Jong, and H. van Wees, edd., Brill’s Companion to Herodotus (Leiden, 2002) 33–52.

Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge: (50) ‘Livy’s Preface’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 39 (1993) 141–68.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York:

(37) Review of J. Geiger, Cornelius Nepos and Ancient Political Biography (Wiesbaden, 1985), Classical Review 39 (1989) 229–33.

(38) Review of P. A. Stadter, A Commentary on Plutarch’s Pericles (Chapel Hill, 1989), Classical Review 42 (1992) 289–94.

(39) Review of N. Horsfall, Cornelius Nepos: a selection, including the Lives of Cato and Atticus (Oxford, 1989), Classical Review 42 (1992) 314–6.

(46) ‘The Interpretation of the “Second Preface” in Arrian’s Anabasis’ , Journal of Hellenic Studies 105 (1985) 162–8.

(48) Review of V. J. Gray, The Character of Xenophon’s Hellenica (London and Baltimore, 1989), Classical Review 42 (1992) 281–4.

(51) ‘Xenophon and Callicratidas’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 114 (1994) 70–84.

(57) ‘“Saving” Greece from the “Ignominy” of Tyranny? The “Famous” and “Wonderful” Speech of Socles (5.92)’, in E. Irwin and E. Greenwood, edd., Reading Herodotus: A Study of the Logoi in Book 5 of Herodotus’ Histories (Cambridge, 2007) 245–68.

(59) ‘Notes on Aristotle, Poetics 13 and 14’, Classical Quarterly n.s. 29 (1979): 77–94.

(66) ‘Aristotle and Dido’s Hamartia’ , Greece & Rome 31 (1984) 48–54.

(69) ‘The Dramatic Coherence of Ovid, Amores 1.1 and 1.2’, Classical Quarterly 41 (1991) 551–4.

(71) ‘Reconstructing Plancus (Horace, C. 1.7)’ , Journal of Roman Studies 92 (2002) 86–109.

(72) ‘Poetry, Philosophy, Politics and Play: Epistles 1’, in T. Woodman and D. Feeney, edd., Traditions and Contexts in the Poetry of Horace (Cambridge, 2002) 141–57, 235–7.

Classical Association, London: (35) ‘Plutarch, Brutus, and the Ghost of Caesar’, Proceedings of the Classical Association 82 (1985) 19–20.

Classical Association of Canada, Calgary: (63) ‘Philanthropia in the Poetics’ , Phoenix 38: 325–35.

Classical Press of Wales, Swansea: (44) ‘Plutarch, Brutus, and Brutus’ Greek and Latin Letters’, in J. Mossman, ed., Plutarch and his Intellectual World (London, 1997) 141–68.

Exeter University Press, Exeter:

(49) ‘Truth and Untruth in Greek and Roman Historiography’, in C. Gill and T. P. Wiseman, edd., Lies and Fiction in the Ancient World (Exeter and Austin, 1993) 88–121.

Francis Cairns Publications, Prenton, UK

(52) ‘Herodotus Warns the Athenians’, PLLS 9 (1996) 259–84.

Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland:

(34) ‘Fate, Apollo and M. Iunius Brutus’, American Journal of Philology 104 (1983) 249–56.

(45) ‘Virgil, Pompey and the Histories of Asinius Pollio’, Classical World 76 (1983) 287–8.

Ruth Chambers and the Estate of John L. Moles:

(31) ‘Plutarch, Crassus 13.4–5, and Cicero’s de consiliis suis’ , Liverpool Classical Monthly 7 (1982) 136–7.

(32) ‘The Ides of March and Anna Perenna’, Liverpool Classical Monthly 7 (1982) 89–90.

(34, 66) ‘Brutus and Dido Revisited’, Liverpool Classical Monthly 9 (1984) 156.

(42) ‘On Reading Cornelius Nepos with Nicholas Horsfall’, Liverpool Classical Monthly 18 (1993) 76–80.

(43) ‘Textual and Interpretative Notes on Plutarch’s Cicero’, in H. D. Jocelyn and H. Hurt, edd., Tria Lustra: Essays Presented to John Pinsent (Liverpool, 1993) 151–6.

(53) ‘Cry Freedom: Tacitus Annals 4.32–35’, Histos 2 (1998) 95–184.

(54) Ἀνάθημα καὶ Κτῆμα: the Inscriptional Inheritance of Ancient Historiography’, Histos 3 (1998) 27–69.

(60) ‘A Neglected Aspect of Agamemnon 1389–92’, Liverpool Classical Monthly 4 (1979) 179–89.

(61) ‘A Note on Antigone 1238f.’, Liverpool Classical Monthly 4 (1980) 193–6.

(62) ‘Aeschylus, Agamemnon 36–37 Again’, Liverpool Classical Monthly 9 (1984) 5–6.

(64) Review of S. Goldhill, Language, Sexuality, Narrative: The Oresteia (Cambridge, 1984), Liverpool Classical Monthly 11 (1986) 55–64.

(65) ‘A Note on Cicero, ad Quintum fratrem 2.10(9).3’, Liverpool Classical Monthly 7 (1982) 63–5.

(68) ‘The Tragedy and Guilt of Dido’, in M. Whitby, M. Whitby, and P. R. Hardie, edd., Homo Viator: Classical Essays for John Bramble (Bristol and Chicago, 1987), 153–61.

(70) Review of R. Mayer, ed., Horace: Epistles I (Cambridge, 1994), Bryn Mawr Classical Review 6.2: 160–70 = BMCR online 1995.02.37.

(73) ‘Vergil’s Loss of Virginity’ (previously unpublished).

(74) ‘Horace: Life, Death, Friendship and Philosophy’, in The Horatian Society Addresses (Horatian Society, London, 2012) 5–18.

Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York:

(55) ‘A False Dilemma: Thucydides’ History and Historicism’, in S. J. Harrison, ed., Texts, Ideas and the Classics: Scholarship, Theory and Classical Literature (Oxford, 2001) 195–219.

(58) ‘Narrative and Speech Problems in Thucydides Book I ’, in C. S. Kraus, J. Marincola, and C. Pelling, edd., Ancient Historiography and its Contexts: Studies in Honour of A. J. Woodman (Oxford, 2010) 15–39.

Routledge, London and New York

(47) Review of A. J. Woodman, Rhetoric in Classical Historiography: Four Studies (London, Sydney, and Portland, 1988)’, History of the Human Sciences 3.2 (1990) 317–21.

J. D. Sauerländer’s Verlag, Bad Orb, Germany: (36) ‘The Attacks on L. Cornelius Cinna, Praetor in 44 B C ’ , Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 130 (1987) 124–8.

Fabrizio Serra Editore, Pisa and Rome: (67) ‘Politics, Philosophy, and Friendship in Horace Odes 2.7’, Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 25 (1987) 59–72.

Société d’études latines de Bruxelles, Brussels: (33) ‘Some “Last Words” of M. Iunius Brutus’, Latomus 42 (1983) 763–79.

Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart: (40) ‘The Text and Interpretation of Plutarch, Vit. Cic. 45.1’, Hermes 120 (1992) 240–44. (41) ‘Plutarch, Vit. Ant. 31.3 and Suetonius, Aug. 69.2’, Hermes 120 (1992) 245–7.

Professor J. L. Moles

A. J. Woodman

John Moles, born in Belfast in 1949, came from a linguistically gifted family.* His father was a headmaster whose hobby was learning new languages; his mother was a modern linguist; his uncle taught Classics at John’s school; and his sister taught French at the University of Glasgow. He attended the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, which was also the alma mater of E. Courtney, J. C. McKeown and R. K. Gibson; while there, he twice became Ulster Chess Champion; he was also Irish Champion in 1966 and 1971, and twice a member of the Olympiad Team. He would go on to write The French Defence Main Line Winawer (1975), described by Wolfgang Heidenfeld as ‘perhaps the best of all chess opening monographs’, and French Winawer: Modern and Auxiliary Lines (1979, with K. Wicker). He invested the royalties in wine, of which he was a connoisseur. In later years he resisted all attempts at persuading him to return to chess.

After an outstanding school career, John followed his brother to Oxford, winning a scholarship to Corpus Christi College, where he was in the first cohort to be allowed to offer literature for ‘Greats’ (previously there had been no alternative to philosophy and ancient history). At Corpus he was taught by Ewen Bowie, John Bramble, Frank Lepper and Robin Nisbet; after Firsts in ‘Mods’ and ‘Greats’ he wrote A Commentary on Plutarch’s ‘Brutus’ for his D.Phil., supervised by both Bowie and Donald Russell. One of his later regrets was that he never seemed to have the time or opportunity to revise his thesis for publication.1 For a year (1974–5) he held a temporary lectureship at Reading, which was followed by permanent positions at Queen’s University, Belfast, and University College of North Wales, Bangor (respectively 1975–9 and 1979–87), where there was a small Department of Classics headed by M. F. Smith.

I first met John more than thirty years ago, in 1983, when he turned up at the ‘Past Perspectives’ conference on historiography which I had helped to organise in Leeds. He made an immediate impression because of his hair, which in those days stuck out rather wildly on each side of his head; but this was not the reason that we came to be colleagues in Durham, to which I had moved from

* This remembrance appeared originally in Histos 9 (2015) 312–18; the updated version is printed here by kind permission of the author.

1 His thesis has now been published as Histos Supplement 7 (2017), with updated bibliography by Christopher Pelling.

Leeds in 1984. In the second half of the 80s the Classics Department at Durham, which at the time attracted more students than anywhere else in the country apart from Oxford and Cambridge, found itself in a developing crisis: several colleagues in quick succession departed either through retirement or resignation, but the university refused to replace any of them, with the result that our staff:student ratio was becoming almost insupportable. Since this was a period when the University Grants Committee was encouraging departmental mergers, I suggested to our Vice-Chancellor that, if vacant positions were not to be filled, we should perhaps try to tempt some other Department of Classics to transfer itself to Durham. When he agreed to this in principle, I made the further suggestion that perhaps we should open negotiations with the small Department in Bangor. I reckoned that its members would be attracted by the prospect of teaching Greek and Latin literature in the original languages to large numbers of students, while we for our part would acquire the desired new colleagues, amongst whom was a brilliant young historiographer.

The transfer of Bangor Classics to Durham, strongly supported by Professor J. A. Cannon of the UG C , was the first merger of Classics Departments in the country. John arrived in 1987 and immediately made his mark: occupying a large room in the Department, he covered every surface with mounds of files, papers and books, which he then proceeded to impregnate with cigar smoke. The cleaners were forbidden to touch anything, and indeed couldn’t have done any cleaning even if they had wanted to. (Nor did they have to face Boris, the legendarily neurotic dog, as had often been the case with their counterparts in Bangor. John was always very fond of dogs.) Although he lived out of town and refused ever to learn to drive a car, he would get the bus back into town in the evening and would spend several hours working in the Department until it was time for the last bus home again. Very often he would come along to my room, slump into the ancient armchair, and test out his latest ideas in collegial conversation, delighted to be in the company of someone who at that time smoked even more cigars than he did. Many of my pleasantest hours in Durham were passed with John in this way, discussing the issues and problems raised by Latin or life.

Before coming to Durham John had already published over twenty articles or book chapters on a wide range of major Greek and Latin authors; the year after he arrived in Durham, there appeared the only classical book to be published in his lifetime, a translation of, and commentary on, Plutarch’s Life of Cicero in the Aris & Phillips series. It is unusually good at providing material at all levels: an excellent introduction to Plutarch for beginners, it is also much more quoted than most other volumes in the series because of its contributions to

scholarship (his discussion of the concept of ‘truth’ is especially noteworthy). In his translation he sought to reproduce in English the verbal patterns which articulated the author’s meaning: he regarded this as an extremely important function of translation, and his method became a feature of much of his later scholarship, proving especially fruitful in his various analyses of Thucydides. His sensitivity to verbal patterns was also part of what became a larger project, namely his attempt at persuading readers of Greek and Latin literature that many classical texts were filled with puns, plays, and verbal wit of all kinds, especially those relating to proper names. This became one of his particular concerns when, at a later stage, he turned his attention to New Testament texts.

John’s move to Durham did nothing to interrupt his productivity, with the result that by the end of the 1990s he had published (often more than once) on Aeschylus, Sophocles, Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Arrian, Aristotle, Livy, Cornelius Nepos, Horace, Virgil, Ovid, Tacitus, Plutarch, and Dio Chrysostom, as well as several studies of Cynicism (on which he would later be interviewed by Melvyn Bragg on the radio). He regarded the interdisciplinary nature of classical scholarship as one of its great glories, and he endeavoured to put it into practice, gratified that his own work crossed the boundaries of literature, history, and philosophy. This substantial and remarkably diverse range of scholarship has as its defining and unifying feature John’s consistent attempt at arriving at original positions on the texts and authors he discussed. The outstanding quality of his work was such that he was promoted to Reader in 1993 and was awarded a personal Chair in 1996.

The late 1990s saw Durham Classics experience a second crisis a decade after the first. The University was using a financial model which projected that the Department of Classics would be in debt to the tune of £1 million by the year 2000. This was regarded as unsustainable, and the administration in its wisdom proposed to close down the Department. Colleagues were sent a letter by the relevant Pro-Vice-Chancellor (formerly a medieval historian of considerable distinction), suggesting that they take early retirement and threatening redundancy if not. The immediate response to this intimidation was panic, and we naturally looked to our leader to see what should be done. Our leader at the time happened to be John, who was now paying the price for his personal Chair and, rather improbably, was serving his term of office as Head of Department. Over the critical period that followed, John almost single-handedly devised a rescue plan, which, though to some of us it seemed to contain elements of pure fantasy, nevertheless was sufficient to persuade the administration of the viability of our continued existence. Any success that the Department has enjoyed during the past decades is due significantly to John; without his inventive genius there might not now be a Department at all.

It is absolutely characteristic that, while this crisis consumed an enormous amount of John’s time and energy, he nevertheless thought it vital to fulfil his more personal responsibilities as Head of Department. He was, for example, painstakingly supportive of his short-term colleagues and junior researchers, for whom he would make time to check if they were happy in his Department, to advise them on all academic matters, and even to organise social events at his own expense. It was also thanks to the trust he inspired and to the confidence in themselves which he helped them develop that they proceeded to their future careers at a time when such a prospect seemed almost impossible. His tenure of the headship is remembered with affection as well as gratitude; and his concern for junior colleagues remained unchanged throughout his career.

John’s promotion to Professor coincided also with the birth of Histos, whose first issue, under his editorship, came out in 1997. Since John had been an early user of word-processors and computers, in retrospect it was perhaps less surprising that he conceived the striking notion of combining a modern method of communication with what was then, and remains, a hot topic in classical scholarship. At the time, however, an online journal devoted to classical historiography seemed—and indeed was—revolutionary; and, when one looks back at that issue of 1997, one cannot fail to be amazed at the glittering names of the contributors. Each of these scholars—scholars of the distinction of F. W. Walbank and T. P. Wiseman, to give two examples—had contributed either as the result of a direct invitation from John or because of his reputation. As founder and editor, John did everything himself, apart from the technical business of putting the papers and reviews on screen, which was done by our colleague and fellow historiographer David Levene.

Histos brought immense prestige and welcome publicity to the Durham department at a difficult period, but, when the Chair of Latin at Newcastle was advertised in 2000, John felt it was the moment for a new challenge and submitted an application. As it happened, there were several professorial vacancies at the time, and highly eligible applicants for them; but it seemed to me then, as it still does now, that Newcastle were interested only in capturing John, who thus became their fourth Professor of Latin in succession to Jonathan Powell (1992–2001), David West (1969–92) and G. B. A. Fletcher (1946–69, having first joined the Department as Professor of Classics in 1937): a more distinguished line-up is difficult to imagine. When he took up his Chair, John went out of his way to encourage the participation of David West, who was still living locally, in seminars and the like; in just the same way he would make a point each week of socialising with another long-retired Newcastle Latinist, Donald Hill. Although he had a decidedly contrary streak (which came out especially in