Global Climate Change and Plant Stress Management
Edited by Mohammad Wahid Ansari
Zakir Husain Delhi College (Delhi University), New Delhi, India
Anil Kumar Singh ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology New Delhi, India
Narendra Tuteja ICGEB, New Delhi, India
This edition first published 2023
© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Mohammad Wahid Ansari, Anil Kumar Singh, and Narendra Tuteja to be identified as the authors of this editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Offices
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Ansari, Mohammad Wahid, editor. | Singh, Anil Kumar (Principal scientist of plant biotechnology), editor. | Tuteja, Narendra, editor.
Title: Global climate change and plant stress management / edited by Mohammad Wahid Ansari, Anil Kumar Singh, Narendra Tuteja.
Description: Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, 2023. | Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2023000299 (print) | LCCN 2023000300 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119858522 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119858539 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119858546 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Plants–genetics | Plants–metabolism | Stress, Physiological–genetics | Adaptation, Physiological | Carbon Dioxide–physiology | Climate Change
Classification: LCC QK981.3 (print) | LCC QK981.3 (ebook) | NLM QK 981.3 | DDC 572.8/2–dc23/eng/20230518
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023000299
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023000300
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © Salvideo/E+/Getty Images
Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Straive, Pondicherry, India
Prof. Jitendra Paul Khurana (30 October 1954 to 27 October 2021)
Prof. Jitendra Paul Khurana was an Indian botanist known for his contributions to the fields of plant molecular biology. He obtained a PhD in Botany from the University of Delhi in 1982 and did postdoctoral work at the prestigious Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (1985–1986) and the Michigan State University, USA (1986–1988). He was a visiting professor at the USDA, Beltsville, between 1996 and 1998, and at the Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, USA, in 2001. He was a founder faculty member of the Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus. He was a J.C. Bose National Fellow of SERB at the University of Delhi South Campus. He was the Vice President of the Indian National Science Academy (INSA) for International Affairs. Prof. Khurana was Pro-Vice Chancellor (Interim), University of Delhi, and Director, University of Delhi South Campus, for over three years (2016–2019); he also had additional charge as Dean (Colleges).
Prof. Khurana’s work on Arabidopsis mutants led to the identification of a novel blue light receptor, phytotropin 1, which primarily controls phototropism and leaf orientation to capture maximal solar energy for photosynthesis. Recently, his group has demonstrated the role of other blue light receptors, cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), in controlling plant height in mustard and CRY2 in regulating flowering time in both mustard and rice. He played a key role in sequencing of rice, tomato, and wheat genomes as part of the International Consortia. Using in-house expertise, they provided evidence for bZIP and F-box proteincoding genes in regulating light, hormone, and stress signaling leading to panicle and seed development. OsbZIP62 serves as Flowering Locus D (FD), preferentially expressing in the shoot apical meristem, and interacts with the mobile flowering signal “florigen” (FT) to regulate the transition to flowering and panicle development in rice. His recent work stressed on the role of the bZIP and F-box proteins in abiotic stress responses and the interplay of light and environmental stress in plant development. His work is documented in over 200 publications. Professor Khurana was the elected Fellow of all the National Science Academies (INSA, IASc, NASI, and NAAS) and the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Trieste, Italy. His other honors and awards include the Tata Innovation Fellowship (2010–2013) by the DBT, “J.C. Bose National Fellowship” by the DST-SERB (2013 onward), Birbal Sahni Medal by the Indian Botanical Society (2011), “Goyal Prize” in Life Sciences (2017) by the Goyal Foundation, Shri Om Prakash Bhasin Award in Biotechnology (2017), and Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Visiting Fellowship (2019) by INSA, to name a few.
This book is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Jitendra P. Khurana as a token of our appreciation and respect for him and his achievements.
Contents
List of Contributors xvii
Foreword xxiii
Preface xxv
Author Biographies xxvii
Part 1 Views and Visions 1
1 Boosting Resilience of Global Crop Production Through Sustainable Stress Management 3
Rajeev K. Varshney and Abhishek Bohra
References 5
2 Sustaining Food Security Under Changing Stress Environment 7
Sudhir K. Sopory
References 8
3 Crop Improvement Under Climate Change 9
Shivendra Bajaj and Ratna Kumria
3.1 Crop Diversity to Mitigate Climate Change 10
3.2 Technology to Mitigate Climate Change 10
3.3 Farm Practices to Mitigate Climate Change 11
3.4 Conclusion 11
References 11
4 Reactive Nitrogen in Climate Change, Crop Stress, and Sustainable Agriculture: A Personal Journey 13
Nandula Raghuram
4.1 Introduction 13
4.2 Reactive Nitrogen in Climate Change, Agriculture, and Beyond 13
4.3 Nitrogen, Climate, and Planetary Boundaries of Sustainability 14
4.4 Emerging Global Response and India’s Leadership in It 14
4.5 Regional and Global Partnerships for Effective Interventions 15
4.6 Building Crop NUE Paradigm Amidst Growing Focus on Stress 16
4.7 From NUE Phenotype to Genotype in Rice 17
4.8 Furthering the Research and Policy Agenda 18
References 18
Part 2 Climate Change: Global Impact 23
5 Climate-Resilient Crops for CO2 Rich-Warmer Environment: Opportunities and Challenges 25 Sayanta Kundu, Sudeshna Das, Satish K. Singh, Ratnesh K. Jha, and Rajeev Nayan Bahuguna
5.1 Introduction 25
5.2 Climate Change Trend and Abiotic Stress: Yield Losses Due to Major Climate Change Associated Stresses Heat, Drought and Their Combination 26
5.3 Update on Crop Improvement Strategies Under Changing Climate 27
5.3.1 Advances in Breeding and Genomics 27
5.3.2 Advances in Phenomics and High Throughput Platforms 28
5.3.3 Non-destructive Phenotyping to Exploit Untapped Potential of Natural Genetic Diversity 28
5.4 Exploiting Climate-Smart Cultivation Practices 29
5.5 CO2-Responsive C3 Crops for Future Environment 30
5.6 Conclusion 31
References 31
6 Potential Push of Climate Change on Crop Production, Crop Adaptation, and Possible Strategies to Mitigate This 35 Narendra Kumar and SM Paul Khurana
6.1 Introduction 35
6.2 Influence of Climate Change on the Yield of Plants 36
6.3 Crop Adaptation in Mitigating Extreme Climatic Stresses 38
6.4 Factors That Limit Crop Development 39
6.5 Influence of Climate Change on Plants’ Morphobiochemical and Physiological Processes 39
6.6 Responses of Plant Hormones in Abiotic Stresses 40
6.7 Approaches to Combat Climate Changes 41
6.7.1 Cultural Methodologies 41
6.7.2 Conventional Techniques 41
6.7.3 Strategies Concerned with Genetics and Genomics 41
6.7.3.1 Omics-Led Breeding and Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) 41
6.7.3.2 Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for Evaluating Stress Tolerance 42
6.7.3.3 Genome Selection (GS) Investigations for Crop Improvement 42
6.7.3.4 Genetic Engineering of Plants in Developing Stress Tolerance 43
6.7.4 Strategies of Genome Editing 43
6.7.5 Involvement of CRISPR/Cas9 43
6.8 Conclusions 44
Conflict of Interest Statement 44
Acknowledgment 44 References 45
7 Agrifood and Climate Change: Impact, Mitigation, and Adaptation Strategies 53 Sudarshna Kumari and Gurdeep Bains
7.1 Introduction 53
7.2 Causes of Climate Change 54
7.2.1 Greenhouse Gases 54
7.2.2 Fossil Fuel Combustion 54
7.2.3 Deforestation 55
7.2.4 Agricultural Expansion 55
7.3 Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture 55
7.3.1 Crop Productivity 56
7.3.2 Disease Development 58
7.3.3 Plant Responses to Climate Change 58
7.3.4 Livestock 59
7.3.5 Agriculture Economy 59
7.4 Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 60
7.4.1 Climate-Smart Cultural Practices 60
7.4.2 Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies 60
7.4.3 Stress-Tolerant Varieties 61
7.4.4 Precision Management of Nutrients 61
7.4.5 Forestry and Agroforestry 61
7.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 61
References 62
8 Dynamic Photosynthetic Apparatus in Plants Combats Climate Change 65 Ramwant Gupta and Ravinesh Rohit Prasad
8.1 Introduction 65
8.2 Climate Change and Photosynthetic Apparatus 66
8.3 Engineered Dynamic Photosynthetic Apparatus 66
8.4 Conclusion and Prospects 68
References 68
9 CRISPR/Cas Enables the Remodeling of Crops for Sustainable Climate-Smart Agriculture and Nutritional Security 71 Tanushri Kaul, Rachana Verma, Sonia Khan Sony, Jyotsna Bharti, Khaled Fathy Abdel Motelb, Arul Prakash Thangaraj, Rashmi Kaul, Mamta Nehra, and Murugesh Eswaran
9.1 Introduction: CRISPR/Cas Facilitated Remodeling of Crops 71
9.2 Impact of Climate Changes on Agriculture and Food Supply 72
9.3 Nutritionally Secure Climate-Smart Crops 73
9.4 Novel Game Changing Genome-Editing Approaches 74
9.4.1 Knockout-Based Approach 87
9.4.2 Knock-in-Based Approach 87
9.4.3 Activation or Repression-Based Approach 87
9.5 Genome Editing for Crop Enhancement: Ushering Towards Green Revolution 2.0 88
9.5.1 Mitigation of Abiotic Stress 88
9.5.2 Alleviation of Biotic Stress 89
9.5.3 Biofortification 89
9.6 Harnessing the Potential of NGS and ML for Crop Design Target 90
9.7 Does CRISPR/Cas Address the Snag of Genome Editing? 94
9.8 Edited Plant Code: Security Risk Assessment 95
9.9 Conclusion: Food Security on the Verge of Climate change 96 References 96
Part 3 Socioeconomic Aspects of Climate Change 113
10 Perspective of Evolution of the C4 Plants to Develop Climate Designer C4 Rice as a Strategy for Abiotic Stress Management 115 Shuvobrata Majumder, Karabi Datta, and Swapan K. Datta
10.1 Introduction 115
10.2 How Did Plants Evolve to the C4 System? 117
10.2.1 Gene Amplification and Modification 117
10.2.2 Anatomical Preconditioning 117
10.2.3 Increase in Bundle Sheath Organelles 118
10.2.4 Glycine Shuttles and Photorespiratory CO2 Pumps 118
10.2.5 Enhancement of PEPC and PPDK Activity in the Mesophyll Tissue 118
10.2.6 Integration of C3 and C4 Cycles 118
10.3 What Are the Advantages of C4 Plants over C3 Plants? 118
10.4 Molecular Engineering of C4 Enzymes in Rice 119
10.4.1 Green Tissue-Specific Promoters 120
10.4.2 Expressing C4 Enzyme, PEPC in Rice 120
10.4.3 Expressing C4 Enzyme, PPDK in Rice 120
10.4.4 Expressing C4 Enzyme, ME and NADP-ME in Rice 121
10.4.5 Expressing Multiple C4 Enzymes in Rice 121
10.5 Application of CRISPR for Enhanced Photosynthesis 121
10.6 Single-Cell C4 Species 121
10.7 Conclusion 122
Acknowledgments 122
References 122
11 Role of Legume Genetic Resources in Climate Resilience 125
Ruchi Bansal, Swati Priya, and H. K. Dikshit
11.1 Introduction 125
11.2 Legumes Under Abiotic Stress 126
11.2.1 Legumes Under Drought Stress 126
11.2.2 Legumes Under Waterlogging 126
11.2.3 Legumes Under Salinity Stress 127
11.2.4 Legumes Under Extreme Temperature 127
11.3 Genetic Resources for Legume Improvement 128
11.3.1 Lentil 129
11.3.2 Mungbean 130
11.3.3 Pigeon Pea 131
11.3.4 Chickpea 131
11.4 Conclusion 133
References 134
12 Oxygenic Photosynthesis – a Major Driver of Climate Change and Stress Tolerance 141
Baishnab C. Tripathy
12.1 Introduction 141
12.2 Evolution of Chlorophyll 141
12.3 The Great Oxygenation Event 142
12.4 Role of Forest in the Regulation of O2 and CO2 Concentrations in the Atmosphere 142
12.5 Evolution of C4 Plants 142
12.6 The Impact of High Temperature 143
12.7 C4 Plants Are Tolerant to Salt Stress 144
12.8 Converting C3 Plants into C4 – A Himalayan Challenge 145
12.9 Carbonic Anhydrase 145
12.10 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase 146
12.11 Malate Dehydrogenase 147
12.12 Decarboxylating Enzymes 147
12.12.1 NAD/NADP-Malic Enzyme 148
12.12.2 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 149
12.13 Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase 149
12.14 Regulation of C4 Photosynthetic Gene Expression 150
12.15 Use of C3 Orthologs of C4 Enzymes 151
12.16 Conclusions and Future Directions 151
Acknowledgment 152 References 152
13 Expand the Survival Limits of Crop Plants Under Cold Climate Region 161
Bhuvnesh Sareen and Rohit Joshi
13.1 Introduction 161
13.2 Physiology of Cold Stress Tolerant Plants 162
13.3 Stress Perception and Signaling 163
13.4 Plant Survival Mechanism 164
13.5 Engineering Cold Stress Tolerance 165
13.6 Future Directions 168
Acknowledgment 168
References 168
14 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Climate-Smart Agriculture: Prospects and Challenges 175
Sharma Deepika, Vikrant Goswami, and David Kothamasi
14.1 Introduction 175
14.2 What Is Climate-Smart Agriculture? 176
14.3 AMF as a Tool to Practice Climate-Smart Agriculture 177
14.3.1 AMF in Increasing Productivity of Agricultural Systems 177
14.3.1.1 Plant Nutrition and Growth 177
14.3.1.2 Improved Soil Structure and Fertility 181
14.3.2 AMF-Induced Resilience in Crops to Climate Change 182
14.3.2.1 AMF and Salinity Stress 182
14.3.2.2 AMF and Drought Stress 183
14.3.2.3 AMF and Heat Stress 184
14.3.2.4 AMF and Cold Stress 184
14.3.3 AMF-Mediated Mitigation of Climate Change 186
14.3.4 Agricultural Practices and AMF Symbiosis – Crop Rotations, Tillage, and Agrochemicals 187
14.3.5 AMF Symbiosis and Climate Change 187
14.3.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 188
Acknowledgment 189
References 189
Part 4 Plant Stress Under Climate Change: Molecular Insights 201
15 Plant Stress and Climate Change: Molecular Insight 203
Anamika Roy , Mamun Mandal, Ganesh Kumar Agrawal, Randeep Rakwal, and Abhijit Sarkar
15.1 Introduction 203
15.2 Different Stress Factors and Climate Changes Effects in Plants 206
15.2.1 Water Stress 206
15.2.1.1 Drought 206
15.2.1.2 Flooding or Waterlogging 206
15.2.2 Temperature Stress 207
15.2.2.1 High Temperature Stress 207
15.2.2.2 Low Temperature Stress 207
15.2.3 Salinity Stress 207
15.2.4 Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation Stress 207
15.2.5 Heavy Metal Stress 207
15.2.6 Air Pollution Stress 208
15.2.7 Climate Change 208
15.3 Plant Responses Against Stress 208
15.3.1 Water Stress Responses 208
15.3.1.1 Drought Responses 208
15.3.1.2 Waterlogging Responses 210
15.3.2 Temperature Stress Responses 210
15.3.2.1 High Temperature Stress Responses 210
15.3.2.2 Low Temperature Stress Responses 211
15.3.3 Salinity Stress Responses 212
15.3.3.1 Genomic Responses 212
15.3.3.2 Proteomic Responses 212
15.3.3.3 Transcriptomic Responses 212
15.3.3.4 Metabolomic Responses 213
15.3.4 Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation Stress 213
15.3.4.1 Genomic Responses 213
15.3.4.2 Proteomic Responses 213
15.3.4.3 Transcriptomic Responses 213
15.3.4.4 Metabolomic Responses 213
15.3.5 Heavy Metal Stress Responses 214
15.3.5.1 Genomic Responses 214
15.3.5.2 Proteomic Responses 214
15.3.5.3 Transcriptomic Responses 214
15.3.5.4 Metabolomic Responses 214
15.3.6 Air Pollution Stress Responses 214
15.3.6.1 Genomic Responses 215
15.3.6.2 Proteomic Responses 215
15.3.6.3 Transcriptomic Responses 215
15.3.6.4 Metabolomic Responses 215
15.3.7 Climate Change Responses 215
15.3.7.1 Genomic Responses 215
15.3.7.2 Proteomic Responses 216
15.3.7.3 Transcriptomic Responses 216
15.3.7.4 Metabolomic Responses 216
15.4 Conclusion 216 References 216
16 Developing Stress-Tolerant Plants: Role of Small GTP Binding Proteins (RAB and RAN) 229
Manas K. Tripathy and Sudhir K. Sopory
16.1 Introduction 229
16.2 A Brief Overview of GTP-Binding Proteins 230
16.3 Small GTP-Binding Proteins 230
16.3.1 RAB 231
16.3.1.1 Role of RAB’s in Plant 231
16.3.2 RAN 234
16.3.2.1 Role of RAN in Plants 234
16.4 Conclusions 236 Acknowledgments 237 References 237
17 Biotechnological Strategies to Generate Climate-Smart Crops: Recent Advances and Way Forward 241
Jyoti Maurya, Roshan Kumar Singh, and Manoj Prasad
17.1 Introduction 241
17.2 Climate Change and Crop Yield 242
17.3 Effect of Climate Change on Crop Morpho-physiology, and Molecular Level 243
17.4 Plant Responses to Stress Conditions 244
17.5 Strategies to Combat Climate Change 245
17.5.1 Cultural and Conventional Methods 245
17.5.2 Multi-omics Approach 245
17.5.3 Biotechnological Approaches 248
17.5.3.1 Combating Climate Change Through Overexpression of Candidate Gene(s) 248
17.5.3.2 Small RNA-Mediated Gene Silencing Approach 249
17.5.3.3 Gene Editing Through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Approach 250
17.6 Conclusion and Way Forward 251 Acknowledgments 252
Declaration of Interest Statement 252 References 252
18 Receptor-Like Kinases and ROS Signaling: Critical Arms of Plant Response to Stress 263 Samir Sharma
18.1 Preamble 263
18.2 Climate Change: The Agent of Stress 264
18.3 Abiotic Stress: A Severe Threat by Itself and a Window of Opportunity for Biotic Stress Agents 264
18.4 Plant Receptor-Like Kinases (RLKs) 265
18.5 Receptor-Like Cytosolic Kinases 267
18.6 Why Are Receptor-Like Cytosolic Kinases Needed? 268
18.7 Receptor-Like Cytosolic Kinases in Plant Defense 269
18.8 Receptor-Like Cytosolic Kinases in Plant Development 270
18.9 Reactive Oxygen Species: Dual Role in Plants and Links to Receptor-Like Protein Kinases 272
18.10 Conclusion 273 References 273
19 Phytohormones as a Novel Weapon in Management of Plant Stress Against Biotic Agents 277 Rewaj Subba, Swarnendu Roy, and Piyush Mathur
19.1 Introduction 277
19.2 Phytohormones and Biotic Stress Management 278
19.2.1 Salicylic Acid 278
19.2.2 Jasmonic Acid (JA) 278
19.2.3 Ethylene (ET) 279
19.2.4 Abscisic Acid (ABA) 279
19.3 Phytohormone Mediated Cross-Talk in Plant Defense Under Biotic Stress 281 References 282
20 Recent Perspectives of Drought Tolerance Traits: Physiology and Biochemistry 287 Priya Yadav, Mohammad Wahid Ansari, Narendra Tuteja, and Moaed Al Meselmani
20.1 Introduction 287
20.2 Effects and Response During Drought Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Plants 288
20.3 Recent Advances in Drought Stress Tolerance 289
20.4 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) in Drought Stress Tolerance 291
20.5 Genomic Level Approach in Drought Stress Tolerance 291
20.6 Conclusion 293 References 293
21 Understanding the Role of Key Transcription Factors in Regulating Salinity Tolerance in Plants 299 Sahana Basu and Gautam Kumar
21.1 Introduction 299
21.2 Transcription Factors Conferring Salinity Tolerance 299
21.2.1 APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor 299
21.2.1.1 Structure of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors 301
21.2.1.2 Classification of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors 301
21.2.1.3 Role of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors in Salinity Tolerance 302
21.2.2 WRKY 302
21.2.2.1 Structure of WRKY Transcription Factors 302
21.2.2.2 Classification of WRKY Transcription Factors 302
21.2.2.3 Role of WRKY Transcription Factors in Salinity Tolerance 306
21.2.3 Basic Helix-Loop-Helix 307
21.2.3.1 Structure of bHLH Transcription Factors 307
21.2.3.2 Classification of bHLH Transcription Factors 307
21.2.3.3 Role of bHLH Transcription Factors in Salinity Tolerance 307
21.2.4 v-Myb Myeloblastosis Viral Oncogene Homolog 308
21.2.4.1 Structure of MYB Transcription Factors 308
21.2.4.2 Classification of MYB Transcription Factors 308
21.2.4.3 Role of MYB Transcription Factors in Salinity Tolerance 309
21.2.5 NAM (for no apical meristem), ATAF1 and −2, and CUC2 (for cup-shaped cotyledon) 309
21.2.5.1 Structure of NAC Transcription Factors 309
21.2.5.2 Classification of NAC Transcription Factors 309
21.2.5.3 Role of NAC Transcription Factors in Salinity Tolerance 310
21.2.6 Nuclear Factor-Y 310
21.2.6.1 Structure of NF-Y Transcription Factors 310
21.2.6.2 Classification of NF-Y Transcription Factors 310
21.2.6.3 Role of NF-Y Transcription Factors in Salinity Tolerance 311
21.2.7 Basic Leucine Zipper 311
21.2.7.1 Structure of bZIP Transcription Factors 311
21.2.7.2 Classification of bZIP Transcription Factors 312
21.2.7.3 Role of bZIP Transcription Factors in Salinity Tolerance 312
21.3 Conclusion 312 References 312
Part 5 Stress Management Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture 317
22 Seed Quality Assessment and Improvement Between Advancing Agriculture and Changing Environments 319
Andrea Pagano, Paola Pagano, Conrado Dueñas, Adriano Griffo, Shraddha Shridhar Gaonkar, Francesca Messina, Alma Balestrazzi, and Anca Macovei
22.1 Introduction: A Seed’s Viewpoint on Climate Change 319
22.2 Assessing Seed Quality: Invasive and Non-invasive Techniques for Grain Testing 321
22.3 Improving Seed Quality: Optimizing Priming Techniques to Face the Challenges of Climate Changes 324
22.4 Understanding Seed Quality: Molecular Hallmarks and Experimental Models for Future Perspectives in Seed Technology 327
22.5 Conclusive Remarks 329 References 329
23 CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing and Plant Stress Management 335 Isorchand Chongtham and Priya Yadav
23.1 Introduction 335
23.2 CRISPR/Cas9 336
23.2.1 CRISPR Cas System 336
23.2.2 CRISPR Cas9 337
23.2.3 CRISPR/Cas9 Mechanism 338
23.2.4 CRISPR/Cas9 Types of Gene Editing 339
23.3 Construct of the CRISPR/Cas9 341
23.3.1 The gRNA 341
23.3.2 The Choice of Gene Regulatory Elements (GREs) 341
23.3.3 Multiplex CRISPR 341
23.4 Plant Genome Editing 343
23.4.1 Procedure 343
23.4.2 Plant Improvement Strategies Based on Genome Editing 344
23.5 Plant Stress 344
23.5.1 Plant Stress and Their Types 344
23.5.2 Plant Remedial Measures Toward Stress 345
23.6 Genome Editing for Plant Stress 346
23.6.1 Biotic Stress 348
23.6.1.1 Bacterium 348
23.6.1.2 Virus 348
23.6.1.3 Fungus 348
23.6.1.4 Insect 349
23.6.2 Abiotic Stress 349
23.6.2.1 Chemicals 349
23.6.2.2 Environmental 349
23.7 Elimination of CRISPR/Cas from the System After Genetic Editing 350
23.8 Prospects and Limitations 350 References 351
24 Ethylene Mediates Plant-Beneficial Fungi Interaction That Leads to Increased Nutrient Uptake, Improved Physiological Attributes, and Enhanced Plant Tolerance Under Salinity Stress 361
Priya Yadav, Mohammad Wahid Ansari, Narendra Tuteja, and Ratnum K. Wattal
24.1 Introduction 361
24.2 Plant Response Towards Salinity Stress 361
24.3 Plant–Fungal Interaction and the Mechanism of Plant Growth Promotion by Fungi 362
24.3.1 Nutrient Acquisition and Phytohormones Production 362
24.3.2 Activation of Systemic Resistance 364
24.3.3 Production of Siderophores 364
24.3.4 Production of Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites 365
24.3.5 Protection to Biotic and Abiotic Stress 365
24.4 Fungi and Ethylene Production and Its Effects 365
24.5 Role and Mechanism of Ethylene in Salinity Stress Tolerance 366
24.6 Conclusion 367 References 367
25 Role of Chemical Additives in Plant Salinity Stress Mitigation 371 Priya Yadav, Mohammad Wahid Ansari, and Narendra Tuteja
25.1 Introduction 371
25.2 Types of Chemical Additives and Their Source 372
25.3 Application and Mechanism of Action 373
25.4 NO (Nitric Oxide) in Salt Stress Tolerance 374
25.5 Melatonin in Salt Stress Tolerance 374
25.6 Polyamines in Salt Stress Tolerance 374
25.7 Salicylic Acid (SA) in Salt Stress Tolerance 375
25.8 Ethylene in Salinity Stress Tolerance 376
25.9 Trehalose in Salinity Stress Tolerance 377
25.10 Kresoxim-Methyl (KM) in Salinity Stress Tolerance 377
25.11 Conclusion 377 References 377
26 Role of Secondary Metabolites in Stress Management Under Changing Climate Conditions 383 Priya Yadav and Zahid Hameed Siddiqui
26.1 Introduction 383
26.1.1 Types of Plant Secondary Metabolites 383
26.1.1.1 Phenolics 384
26.1.1.2 Terpenoids 384
26.1.1.3 Nitrogen-Containing Secondary Metabolites 384
26.2 Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites 385
26.2.1 Role of Secondary Metabolites in Mitigating Abiotic Stress 388
26.2.2 Secondary Metabolites in Drought Stress Mitigation 389
26.2.2.1 Phenolic compounds and drought stress 389
26.2.2.2 Terpenoids in drought stress tolerance 389
26.2.3 Secondary Metabolites in Mitigating Salinity Stress 390
26.2.4 Secondary Metabolites as UV Scavengers 390
26.3 Heavy Metal Stress and Secondary Metabolites 390
26.3.1.1 Phenolic compounds and metal stress 391
26.3.2 Role of Secondary Metabolites in Biotic Stress Mitigation 392
26.3.2.1 Terpenoids and Biotic Stress 392
26.3.2.2 Phenolic Compounds and Biotic Stress 392
26.3.2.3 Nitrogen-Containing Compound and Biotic Stress 393
26.4 Counteradaptation of Insects Against Secondary Metabolites 393
26.5 Sustainable Crop Protection and Secondary Metabolites 393
26.6 Conclusion 393
References 394
27 Osmolytes: Efficient Oxidative Stress-Busters in Plants 399
Naser A. Anjum, Palaniswamy Thangavel, Faisal Rasheed, Asim Masood, Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh, and Nafees A. Khan
27.1 Introduction 399
27.1.1 Plant Health, Stress Factors, and Oxidative Stress and Its Markers 399
27.1.2 Modulators of Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Metabolism 399
27.2 Osmolytes – An Overview 400
27.2.1 Role of Major Osmolytes in Protection of Plants Against Oxidative Stress 401
27.2.1.1 Betaines and Related Compounds 401
27.2.1.2 Proline 401
27.2.1.3 γ-Aminobutyric Acid (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) 402
27.2.1.4 Polyols 402
27.2.1.5 Sugars 403
27.3 Conclusion and Perspectives 404
References 404
Index 411
List of Contributors
Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
Department of Education, Global Research Arch for Developing Education (GRADE) Academy Pvt. Ltd. Birgunj, Nepal
Department of Biotechnology, Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB) Kathmandu, Nepal
Naser A. Anjum Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India
Mohammad Wahid Ansari Department of Botany
Zakir Husain Delhi College University of Delhi New Delhi, India
Rajeev Nayan Bahuguna
Center for Advanced Studies on Climate Change
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Samastipur, Bihar, India
Agriculture Biotechnology
National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute Sector 81, SAS Nagar Mohali, India
Gurdeep Bains
Department of Plant Physiology
Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
Shivendra Bajaj
Federation of Seed Industry of India New Delhi, India
Alma Balestrazzi
Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Ruchi Bansal Division of Plant Physiology
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi, India
Sahana Basu Department of Life Science
Central University of South Bihar Gaya, Bihar, India
Jyotsna Bharti
Plant Biology and Biotechnology
Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi, India
Abhishek Bohra
Centre for Crop & Food Innovation
State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Food Futures Institute
Murdoch University, Murdoch Western Australia, Australia
Isorchand Chongtham
Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences
Molecular Biotechnology Center University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Sudeshna Das
Center for Advanced Studies on Climate Change
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Samastipur, Bihar, India
Karabi Datta
Department of Botany University of Calcutta Kolkata, India
Swapan K. Datta
Department of Botany University of Calcutta Kolkata, India
Sharma Deepika
Department of Botany
Zakir Husain Delhi College University of Delhi New Delhi, India
Laboratory of Soil Biology and Microbial Ecology Department of Environmental studies University of Delhi New Delhi, India
H. K. Dikshit
Department of Genetics
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi, India
Conrado Dueñas
Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Murugesh Eswaran
Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi, India
Shraddha Shridhar Gaonkar
Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Vikrant Goswami
Laboratory of Soil Biology and Microbial Ecology Department of Environmental studies University of Delhi New Delhi, India
Adriano Griffo
Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Ramwant Gupta
Department of Biology
University of Guyana Georgetown, South America
Present Address: Department of Botany
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University
Gorakhpur, UP, India
Ratnesh K. Jha
Center for Advanced Studies on Climate Change
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University
Samastipur, Bihar, India
Rohit Joshi
Division of Biotechnology
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
CSIR-HRDC Campus
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Rashmi Kaul
Plant Biology and Biotechnology
Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB)
New Delhi, India
Tanushri Kaul
Plant Biology and Biotechnology
Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi, India
Nafees A. Khan
Department of Botany
Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India
SM Paul Khurana
Amity Institute of Biotechnology
Amity University Haryana Gurugram, Haryana, India
David Kothamasi
Laboratory of Soil Biology and Microbial Ecology Department of Environmental studies
University of Delhi New Delhi, India
Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance
University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom
Gautam Kumar Department of Life Science
Central University of South Bihar Gaya, Bihar, India
Narendra Kumar Department of Botany Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya a Central University Bilaspur-495009(C. G.), India
Sudarshna Kumari Department of Plant Physiology Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
Ratna Kumria
Federation of Seed Industry of India New Delhi, India
Sayanta Kundu
Center for Advanced Studies on Climate Change Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Samastipur, Bihar, India
Anca Macovei
Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Shuvobrata Majumder Department of Botany University of Calcutta Kolkata, India
Mamun Mandal
Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology Department of Botany University of Gour Banga Malda, West Bengal, India
Asim Masood Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India
Piyush Mathur Department of Botany Microbiology Laboratory University of North Bengal Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
Jyoti Maurya
National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
Moaed Al Meselmani School of Biosciences Grantham Centre
The University of Sheffield Sheffield, England
Francesca Messina Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Khaled Fathy Abdel Motelb
Plant Biology and Biotechnology
Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi, India
Mamta Nehra
Plant Biology and Biotechnology
Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi, India
Andrea Pagano
Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Paola Pagano
Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh Department of Agronomy Research
National Salinity Research Center
Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Yazd, Iran
Natural Resources Department
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
Manoj Prasad
National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
Ravinesh Rohit Prasad Department of Geography Fiji National University Lautoka, Fiji Islands
Swati Priya Department of Botany Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
Nandula Raghuram
Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management University School of Biotechnology Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University New Delhi, India
Randeep Rakwal
Department of Education, Global Research Arch for Developing Education (GRADE) Academy Pvt. Ltd. Birgunj, Nepal
Department of Biotechnology, Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB) Kathmandu, Nepal
Department of Health and Sport Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faisal Rasheed Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India
Anamika Roy Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology Department of Botany University of Gour Banga Malda, West Bengal, India
Swarnendu Roy
Department of Botany
Plant Biochemistry Laboratory University of North Bengal Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
Bhuvnesh Sareen
Division of Biotechnology
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Abhijit Sarkar
Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology Department of Botany University of Gour Banga Malda, West Bengal, India
Samir Sharma
Department of Biochemistry University of Lucknow Lucknow, India
Zahid Hameed Siddiqui
Department of Biology
Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Genomic and Biotechnology Unit Department of Biology
Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Roshan Kumar Singh
National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi, India
Satish K. Singh
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University
Samastipur, Bihar, India
Sonia Khan Sony
Plant Biology and Biotechnology
Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB)
New Delhi, India
Sudhir K. Sopory
Department of Plant Molecular Biology
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
Rewaj Subba Department of Botany Microbiology Laboratory University of North Bengal Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
Arul Prakash Thangaraj Plant Biology and Biotechnology Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi, India
Palaniswamy Thangavel Department of Environmental Science Periyar University Salem, India
Baishnab C. Tripathy Department of Biotechnology Sharda University Greater Noida, India
Manas K. Tripathy Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology Institute of Life Sciences Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Narendra Tuteja
Plant Molecular Biology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
Rajeev K. Varshney Centre for Crop & Food Innovation State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Food Futures Institute Murdoch University Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
Rachana Verma Plant Biology and Biotechnology Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi, India
Ratnum K. Wattal Department of Botany Zakir Husain Delhi College University of Delhi New Delhi, India
Priya Yadav Department of Botany Zakir Husain Delhi College University of Delhi New Delhi, India
Foreword
I am overjoyed to write about this book, Global Climate Change and Plant Stress Management, which symbolizes a comprehensive and current exchange on the newest insights into the improvement of crops under climate change and plant stress management. At the present time, the global climate change (see, e.g. The Discovery of Global Warming by Spencer R, Weart, 2008, Harvard University Press) and the population increase are two important restrictions before us, and dealing with these crucial issues is of paramount importance in the field of agriculture. This book deals with a subject of enormous significance not only for plant scientists but also for farmers worldwide. Research on exploring diverse aspects of an easy, money-making, and ecologically oriented practice of pre-soaking seeds in salt solutions (what one calls “halo priming”) seems desirable, as it might aid in sustaining agricultural production in our changing environment. The recent trend in climate change involving high salinity, increased temperature, draught, and heavy metal toxicity, as well as negative effects of bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases and insect infestation have gloomy effects on agriculture productivity. To add to this, predicted increase in CO2, with ocean acidification, is expected to cause a drastic decline in global agriculture productivity. All of this will have a considerable harmful impact on our ecosystem. Thus, this particular volume, which deals with various aspects of plant stress physiology, together with plant stress responses, and physiological and molecular mechanism of plant tolerance to environmental stresses, is particularly welcome. It goes a long way toward finding ways to overcome the gloomy predictions before us.
On a positive note, the potential function of several important genes and, thus, the proteins that they code for, as well as a range of signaling molecules, such as plant hormones, that regulate plant growth and developmental processes, is now available. The above was possible because of detailed studies on responses of tolerant and susceptible agriculturally important crops to climate change from both physiological and biotechnological points of view. On the other hand, developing climate- smart varieties through mutation breeding involving modification of a single gene rather than altering the whole genome is an attractive goal. Recent development in science relies on ‘Omics’ tools, such as genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, and this is indeed being actively pursued at many institutions around the world. In addition, CRISPR/Cas techniques provide precision and rapidity to breeding programs to develop smart and nutrition crops in changing environment, which might be a key solution for ensuring food security.
The compilation of a comprehensive volume on this very important and challenging topic has been achieved in the current book entitled Global Climate Change and Plant Stress Management, edited by Mohammad Wahid Ansari, Anil Kumar Singh, and Narendra Tuteja; it is both commanding and timely. This book also emphasizes the effect of climate change studies on plant metabolism and adaptive characteristics; it is an up-to-date compilation for the benefit of researchers and academicians. In this book, authors introduce and classify climate change conditions as well as various stress components and then present a detailed discussion related to their effects on plant development, controlling factors of their biome, as well as the behavior of plants under climate change conditions and the associated adverse effects. This book also covers the new emerging technical concepts of stress management, which is an advanced concept to sustain agricultural productivity under recent climatic scenarios. Further, this book provides instant access to comprehensive, cutting-edge data, making it possible for plant scientists and others to utilize this ever-growing wealth of information. I strongly believe that this book provides a great deal of global implications not only for food security but also for the socioeconomic condition of communities affected by climate change worldwide. In addition, the knowledge presented in this book is expected to be of great benefit to the farmers, who can understand and exploit the useful crops as per the nature of the climate and benefit from it
for public and private investment. The current insightful book is expected to provide key information, in an excellent manner, to students, postdoctoral fellows, plant scientists, and policymakers on what actions to take on plant stress management under the expected climate change. I am quite confident that this book will be read, understood, and exploited extensively.
I heartily appreciate the efforts of all the contributing 80 authors from 12 different countries – Australia, England, Fiji Island, Italy, India, Iran, Japan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Nepal, South America, and the United Kingdom, and all the outstanding editors for this well-timed and enlightening publication on the important topic of the effects of global climate change on plants and what to do to alleviate its negative impact.
Govindjee Govindjee (E-mail: gov@illinois.edu)
Professor Emeritus Plant Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA 15 November 2022
Preface
The existence of living organisms depends on the food synthesized by mainly green plants by capturing energy from sunlight through the process of photosynthesis. At present, a global challenge is to sustain crop productivity in a changing environment to meet the demand of increasing population. However, the current reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have made clear that the urgency to take action on global climate change and agrifood production is not well understood so far. There is an urgent need for agrifood systems to be more versatile to the existing and upcoming impacts of global climate change, which could be achieved through learning from superior practices, encouraging transformative adjustment strategies, plans, and its subsequent actions. A growing tendency toward climate change for the past few decades has badly hit global crop production on the large scale. It imposes environmental variations that include high salinity, very high and low temperatures, draughts, heavy metal toxicity and nutrient loss, the growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi, different pests, and parasites, harmful insect invasions, and increased CO2 and ocean acidification. This will have a considerably harmful impact on beneficial microbes, plant productivity, restoration efforts, and ecosystem health. Global warming is expected to elicit harsh weather trends, long-lasting droughts, floods and waterlogging, storms, and increased disease incidence, which cause altered growth, impaired photosynthesis, and reduced physiological responses in plants that limit agrifood production. Global sustainable farming systems are at risk owing to rising and co-occurring temperatures, droughts, and salinity stresses. According to a new report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the impact of water stress and drought hazards, including withering droughts and overwhelming floods, is thrashing African communities and ecosystems. The strategies to deal with increased CO2 concentrations and global warming and enhance plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses are important targets for sustainable agricultural production. Recent advances in science, such as CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein-based genome editing (CRISPR- Cas) and “Omics” tools such as genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, have enhanced precision and rapidity in the progress of plant molecular breeding programs to develop nutrient-enriched and stress-tolerant plant variety, which might be the key players in ensuring food security. Additionally, it will contribute a significant amount of potential for developing more resilient and climate-smart crops to respond to the rising threat of climate change and its undesirable effects on agrifood.
In the present book, Global Climate Change and Plant Stress Management, we present a collection of 27 chapters by 80 experts from 12 different countries – Australia, England, Fiji Island, Italy, India, Iran, Japan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Nepal, South America, and the United Kingdom. This book offers a current overview of recent developments in sustainable agriculture production in a changing environment. This book aims to accentuate issues of global climate change and food insecurity for billions of people, assuming they will face drastic hunger in the upcoming period. It emphasizes all concerns about carbon and nutrient cycles, global warming, and environmental stresses originating under a scenario of global climate change and thereby badly affecting basic agriculture production, on which the common world’s poor depend. This book also presents the potential ways of exploring, investigating, and adopting novel techniques and tools, methodologies, and scientific inventions to realize climate’s outcomes on food security. The knowledge convened herein might be inspiring to farmers who may respond to beneficial crops as per the foretold climate. This perceptive will result in good dealings for both scientists indicted for predicting global climate threats and policymakers responsible for influential decisions in the field. The present book is specifically appropriate for environmental and biological science students engaged in interdisciplinary research, research scholars, young scientists, and faculty members. We thank the late Prof. R.C. Pant and Dr. Alok Shukla who helped us during the initial phase of this work.
Editors
Mohammad Wahid Ansari, ZHDC, University of Delhi, India
Anil Kumar Singh, ICAR-NIPB, IARI, Pusa, New Delhi, India
Narendra Tuteja (Superannuated), PMB, ICGEB, New Delhi, India
Author Biographies
Dr. Mohammad Wahid Ansari is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College (University of Delhi), India. He has an extensive research and educational background in the field of plant molecular physiology. His special interest lies in plant hormone homeostasis and cross-talk to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Dr. Ansari has published over 75 scientific papers in peer-reviewed international journals with an overall Impact Factor above 234 and citations more than 3401, h-index of 26, and i-10 index of 50. He has contributed 17 book chapters and has edited four books. As a PI, he has completed research project(s), DST/SERB Government of India, and guided PhD student(s). He is a recipient of Young Scientist Fellow-DST (ICGEB), Post-Doctoral Fellow-DBT (ICGEB), Post-Doctoral Fellow-DST (GBPUAT), and Senior Research Fellow-UPCAR (GBPUAT). He is awarded with DBT- CTEP Travel Award, Best Teacher Award (ATDS), and Best research paper award, Government of Uttarakhand. He, as convener/co-convener/ coordinator/organizing secretary, has organized 10 international and national conferences/webinars and in-house workshops and has presented paper orally at INPPO, Italy. He has been a member of the Departmental Research Committee (DRC) of the University of Delhi and the Science-Setu program of NII and DBT, Government of India. He is an academic editor of PLoS ONE journal and is a member of Plant Signaling and Behaviors journal.
Dr. Anil Kumar Singh is currently the Principal Scientist at the ICARNational Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. He has been working in the field of plant molecular biology and biotechnology for more than two decades. His group has characterized genomes and transcriptomes of several important organisms, including crop plants and commercially important microbes, and developed gene resources for crop improvement. Dr Singh has published more than 80 articles in peer-reviewed international journals with cumulative Impact Factor >250, >2500 citations, and h-index 28. He has also authored 15 book chapters and delivered invited/keynote talks at >35 national and international conferences in India and abroad. He is serving as editor of various reputed journals, such as Frontiers in Plant Science, PLoS ONE, BMC Research Notes, Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, and has guest edited special issues in Antioxidants, Genes, Tree Physiology, and Physiologia Plantarum. For his excellent publication record and contribution to plant molecular biology research, he has been conferred membership in the National Academy of Sciences, India (NASI) and Plant Tissue Culture Association-India.
Author
Narendra Tuteja
An elected fellow of numerous National & International academies, Prof. (Dr.) Narendra Tuteja worked as Group Leader at International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Director at Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, NOIDA, India. He has made significant contributions to crop improvement under adverse conditions, reporting the first helicase from plant and human cells and demonstrating new roles of Ku autoantigen, nucleolin and eIF4A as DNA helicases. Furthermore, he discovered novel functions of helicases, G-proteins, CBL-CIPK and LecRLK in plant stress tolerance, and PLC and MAP-kinase as effectors for Gα and Gβ G-proteins. Dr. Tuteja also reported several high salinity stress tolerant genes from plants and fungi and developed salt/drought tolerant plants. Dr. Tuteja is recipient of many prestigious awards and also featured consecutively in the “World Ranking of Top 2% Scientists” prepared by Stanford University, USA and Elsevier EV. Citation: 37,786; h-index: 80; i.10-index: 290.
