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Oxford University, where he was awarded an Astor Visiting Lectureship. He is a fellow of the International Communication Association and was named a distinguished solar by the National Communication Association. Turow has authored 10 books, edited 5, and wrien more than 150 articles on mass media. His other books include The Aisles Have Eyes (Yale University Press, 2017); The Daily You (Yale University Press, 2012); Playing Doctor: Television, Storytelling, and Medical Power (University of Miigan Press, 2010); Niche Envy: Marketing Discrimination in the Digital Age (MIT Press, 2006); and The Hyperlinked Society (coedited with Lokman Tsui, University of Miigan Press, 2008). Additionally, he is the editor of the New Media World book series out of University of Miigan Press. Turow currently serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media and Poetics. He has also wrien about media and advertising for the popular press (e.g., the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, and the Boston Globe) and has been interviewed many times on National Public Radio.

Brief Contents

Cover

Half Title

Title

Copyright

Dedication

Brief Contents

Detailed Contents

Preface

How to Use This Book

Acknowledgments

To the Student

Part I e Nature and Business of Media

1 Understanding Mass Media, Convergence, and the Importance of Media Literacy

2 Making Sense of Resear on Media Effects and Media Culture

Detailed Contents

Cover

Half Title

Title

Copyright

Dedication

Brief Contents

Detailed Contents

Preface

How to Use is Book

Anowledgments

To the Student

Part I e Nature and Business of Media

1 Understanding Mass Media, Convergence, and the Importance of Media Literacy

Introducing Media Convergence

Introducing Mass Communication

e Elements of Communication

Mass Communication Defined

Mass Media and Convergence

Mass Media, Culture, and Society

How Do We Use the Mass Media in Our Daily Lives?

How Do the Mass Media Influence Culture?

Global Media Today & Culture: A Converging Marketplace

Media Literacy

Principles of Media Literacy

Media Literacy Tools

e Benefits of a Media-Literate Perspective

Key Terms estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

2 Making Sense of Resear on Media Effects and Media Culture

e Nature of Mass Media Resear

e Early Years of Mass Media Resear in the United States

Searing for Community: Early Critical Studies Resear Fearing Propaganda: Early Concerns about Persuasion

Kids and Movies: Continuing Effects

Resear

Social Relations and the Media

e Limits of Propaganda: Limited Effects Resear

Consolidating the Mainstream Approa

Studying Opinion and Behavior Change

Studying What People Learn from Media

Global Media Today & Culture: Facebook Data

Analytics

Studying Why, When, and How People Use the Media

e Rise of Critical Approaes

Moving from Mainstream Approaes to Critical Approaes

Cultural Studies

Historical Approaes to Cultural Studies

Anthropological Approaes to Cultural Studies

Linguistic and Literary Approaes to Cultural Studies

Using Media Resear to Develop Media Literacy Skills

Where Do You Stand with Respect to Media Effects?

How to Make Sense of Discussions and Arguments about Media Effects

How to Explore Your Concerns about Mass Media

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

e Business of Media

Identifying an Audience for Mass Media Content

Defining and Constructing a Target Audience

Creating Content to Aract the Target Audience

Determining a Genre for Mass Media Content

Entertainment

Global Media Today & Culture: e Latino Marketing

Boom

News

Education

Advertising

Mixing Genres in a Convergent Media System

Production of Mass Media Content

Media Production Firms

Distribution of Mass Media Content

Exhibition of Mass Media Content

Financing Mass Media Content

Funding New Productions

Funding When Production Is Already Complete

Media Literacy and the Business of Mass Media

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

4 Financing and Shaping the Media: Advertising, Public Relations, and Marketing Communications

e Advertising Industry

An Overview of the Modern Advertising Industry

Production in the Advertising Industry

Global Media Today & Culture: Advertising to MediaLiterate Consumers

Distribution in the Advertising Industry

Exhibition in the Advertising Industry

Determining an Advertisement’ s Success

What Is Public Relations?

e Public Relations Industry and Media

Production in the Public Relations

Industry

Distribution in the Public Relations Industry

Exhibition in the Public Relations Industry

e Rise of Marketing Communications

Branded Entertainment

Direct Marketing

Relationship Marketing

Advertising, Public Relations, and Convergence

Media Literacy Issues Related to Advertising and PR

Advertising and Commercialism

Truth and Hidden Influence in Public Relations

Targeting by Advertising and Public Relations Firms

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

5 Controls on Media Content: Government Regulation, Self-Regulation, and Ethics

Why Do Media Firms Care about What Government Does?

e First Amendment

Global Media Today & Culture: Public Content

More Allowable Government Control over Media Content

Regulating Content before Distribution

Regulating Content aer Distribution

Economic Regulation

Media Self-Regulation

External Pressures on Media to SelfRegulate

Internal Pressures on Media to SelfRegulate

e Role of Ethics

Making Ethical Decisions

Ethical Duties to Various Constituencies

Forming Ethical Standards for the Mass Media

Media Literacy, Regulation, and Ethics

Media Regulation and the Savvy Citizen

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

Part II e Media Industries

e Forces Driving Convergence in Media Industries

e Spread of Digital Media

e Importance of Distribution Windows

Audience Fragmentation and Segmentation

Globalization

Conglomeration

Moving Forward

Key Terms

6 e Internet Industry

e Rise of the Internet

Production, Distribution, and Exhibition on the Internet

e Net Neutrality Controversy

Global Media Today & Culture: Silk Road and Internet Bla Markets

Social Media Sites and Sear Engines

Funding Online Content

Sites Involved in Image-Making

Sites Selling Products or Services

Content Sites Selling Subscriptions

Selling Advertisements

“Web-Centered” and “App-Centered” Businesses

Media Ethics: Confronting Internet Piracy

Determining Your Own Point of View as a Critical Consumer of Media

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

e Book Industry

e History of the Book

e Book Industry Today

Educational and Professional Books

Consumer Books

Variety and Specialization in Book Publishing

Financing Book Publishing

Production in the Book Publishing Industry

Production in Trade Publishing

Production at a University Press

Book Production in the Electronic Age

Global Media Today & Culture: Fan Fiction

Reducing the Risks of Failure during the Production Process

Distribution in the Book Industry

e Role of Wholesalers in the Distribution Process

Assessing a Title’ s Popularity

Exhibition in the Book Publishing Industry

Exhibition of Consumer Books

Exhibition in Textbook Publishing

Convergence and Conglomeration in the Book Industry

Ethical Issues in Book Production

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

8 e Newspaper Industry

e Development of the Newspaper

An Overview of the Contemporary Newspaper Industry

Daily Newspapers

Weekly Newspapers

e Variety of Newspapers

Global Media Today & Culture: Immediacy, Interactivity, and Participation

Financing the Newspaper Business

Advertising

Circulation

Production in the Newspaper Industry

Creating Newspaper Content e Tenology of Publishing the Paper

Distribution in the Newspaper Industry

Determining Where to Market the Newspaper

Exhibition in the Newspaper Industry Aieving Total Market Coverage

A Key Industry Issue: Building Readership

Building Print Readership

Building Digital Readership e Future of Newspapers versus the Future of Journalism

Ethics and New Models of Journalism Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

e Development of Magazines An Overview of the Modern Magazine Industry

Five Major Types of Magazines

Business-to-Business Magazines/Trade

Magazines

Consumer Magazines

Literary Reviews and Academic Journals

Newsleers

Comic Books

Financing Magazine Publishing

Controlled Circulation Magazines

Paid Circulation Magazines

Market Segmentation

Digital Circulation

Global Media Today & Culture: Multi-Platform Promotion

Production in the Magazine Industry

Magazine Production Goals

Producing the Magazine as a Branded Event

Distribution in the Magazine Industry

Exhibition in the Magazine Industry

Media Ethics and the Magazine Industry

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

e Rise of Records

An Overview of the Modern Recording Industry

International Ownership

Dispersed Production

Concentration of Distribution

Features of the Recording Industry

Audience

U.S. Sales: Singles versus Albums

Changing Media Platforms

Diverse Music Genres

Production and the Recording Industry

Artists Looking for Labels, Labels

Looking for Artists

Global Media Today & Culture: Risky Business: File

Sharing and Streaming Sites

Finding Music to Record

Royalties

Producing a Record

Self-Producing Music for Sale

Compensating Artists

Distribution in the Recording Industry

e Importance of Convergence in Promotion

Video, Television, and Movie Promotions

Concert Tours

Exhibition in the Recording Industry

Digital Downloads

Physical Sales

Ethical Issues in the Recording Industry

Parental Concerns about Lyrics

Industry Concerns about Piracy

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

11 e Radio Industry

e Rise of Radio

An Overview of the Terrestrial Radio Industry

Where and When People Listen to the Radio

AM versus FM Tenology

Commercial Radio Stations versus Noncommercial Radio Stations

Radio Market Size

Production in the Radio Industry

Radio Formats

Determining Listening Paerns

Working with Formats

Producing the Playlist

Conducting Resear to Compile the Playlist

Maintaining the Format and Retaining the Target Audience

Distribution in the Radio Industry

e Role of Networks, Syndicators, and Format Networks

Exhibition in the Radio Industry

Advertising’ s Role in Radio Exhibition Learning Who Listens Conducting Market Resear to Determine Ratings When Stations Fare Poorly in the Ratings

Radio and the New Digital World

Satellite Radio

Global Media Today & Culture: Minority and Indigenous Radio

Online Radio

Traditional Radio’ s Responses to Digital Music

Media Ethics and the Construction of Radio Audiences

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

e Rise of Motion Pictures

An Overview of the Modern Motion Picture Industry

Production in the Motion Picture Industry

e Role of the Majors

Distinguishing between Production and Distribution

e Role of Independent Producers

e Process of Making a Movie

eatrical Distribution in the Movie Industry

Finding Movies to Distribute

Global Media Today & Culture: Women in Cinema

Releasing Movies

Marketing Movies

eatrical Exhibition in the Motion Picture Industry

e Relationship between Distributors and eater Chains

Digital and 3D Screens

Convergence and Nontheatrical Distribution and Exhibition in the Motion Picture Industry

e Shi to Digital Marketing

e Shi to Online and Mobile

Downloads

e Problem of Piracy

Media Ethics and the Motion Picture Industry

Cultural Diversity and Cultural Colonialism

Key Terms estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

13 e Television Industry

e Rise of Television

Television in Its Earliest Forms

An Overview of the Contemporary Television Industry

Television Broadcasting

Subscription Cable, Telco, and Satellite Services

Online and Mobile Platforms

Production in the Television Industry

Producing Cable and Satellite Channel Lineups

Producing Broadcast Channel Lineups

Producing Online/Mobile Lineups

Producing Individual Channels

Producing Individual Programs

Distribution in the Television Industry

Global Media Today & Culture: Lesbian Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and eer (LGBTQ) People on Television

Exhibition in the Television Industry

Media Ethics: Converging Screens, Social Television, and the Issue of Personalization

Key Terms

estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

14 e Video Game Industry

e Video Game Industry and Convergence

e Rise of the Video Game Industry

e Contemporary Shape of the Video Game Industry

Video Game Hardware

e Production of Video Game Soware Advertising Content and Video Games

Distribution and Exhibition of Video Games

Video Games and Convergence

Media Ethics: Confronting Key Issues

Concerns about Content

Concerns about Privacy

Concerns about Self-Regulation

Global Media Today & Culture: #Gamergate

Key Terms estions for Discussion and Critical

inking Activity

Epilogue

Notes

Photo Credits

Index

Preface

Our Approa to Studying Media Today

Welcome to Media Today: Mass Communication in a Converging World!

As the subtitle suggests, this sixth edition of Media Today uses convergence as a lens that puts the reader at the center of the profound anges in the 21st-century media world. rough the convergence lens, readers learn to think critically about the role of media today and about what these anges mean for their lives presently and in the future. e book’ s media systems approa helps readers to look carefully at how media are created, distributed, and exhibited in the new world that the digital revolution has created. In this way, Media Today goes beyond the traditional mass communication textbook’ s focus on consuming media, to give students an insider’ s perspective on how media businesses operate. How exactly does Google profit from web seares? What will the magazine look like in five years?

Joseph Turow who has been teaing Intro to Mass Communication for well over a decade demonstrates the many ways that media convergence and the pervasiveness of the internet have blurred distinctions between and among various media. Aer looking at the essential history of ea media industry, Turow examines the current forces shaping that industry and explores the impact of emerging trends. From newspapers to video games or social networking to mobile platforms, Turow’ s Media Today prepares students to live in the digital world of media, helping them to become critical, media-literate consumers of mass media and, if they go on to work in mass media industries, more alert, sensitive practitioners.

Media Today, Sixth Edition, is aracterized by its focus on the following:

convergence consumer education

comprehensive media industry coverage

contemporary student-friendly examples

Convergence

Today, it is impossible to write about the workings of the newspaper, television, magazine, recording, movie, video game, advertising, and public relations industries without taking into account fundamental anges being wrought by web-sites, blogs, e-mail, video and audio files, social media, and multimedia streams. Consequently, readers will find that every apter incorporates digital media developments into the main flow of the material.

Consumer Education

e overaring goal of the sixth edition of Media Today is to help students become media-literate members of society. Being media-literate involves applying critical thinking skills to the mass media. It also involves reasoning clearly about controversies that may involve the websites students use, the mobile devices they carry, the television shows they wat, the music they hear, the magazines they read, and mu more. It means becoming a more aware and responsible citizen voter, worker, adult in our media-driven society.

Aer reading Media Today, students should be savvy about the influences that guide media organizations, up-to-date on political issues relating to the media,

sensitive to the ethical dimensions of media activities, and knowledgeable about solarship regarding media effects.

Comprehensive Media Industry Coverage

What distinguishes mass communication from other forms of communication is the industrialized or mass production process that is involved in creating and circulating the material. It is this industrial process that generates the potential for reaing millions (and even billions) of diverse anonymous people at roughly the same time. Media Today uses this production-based approa to scrutinize the media in order to show students how the industrial nature of the process is central to the definition of mass communication.

Media Today also introduces the media as an interconnected system of industries not as industries totally separate from one another. Of course, an introductory text cannot begin with a sophisticated exploration of boundary blurring. Students have to first understand the nature of the mass communication process. ey must become aware that taking a mass communication perspective on the world means learning to see the interconnected system of media products that surrounds them every day in new ways.

Contemporary Student-Friendly Examples

As mu as possible, the textbook incorporates stories and events that are happening now. In the text, readers will find a wide variety of pop culture examples taken from across different industries from music to TV to video games.

How to Use is Book

Unlike other texts for the introductory course, Media Today takes a media systems approa out of the conviction that the best way to engage students is to reveal the forces that guide the creation, distribution, and exhibition of news, information, entertainment, education, and advertising within media systems. Once students begin to understand the ways these systems operate, they will be able to interact with the media around them in new ways.

Many features have been built into the text not only to help students learn about the inner workings of key industries in mass communication, but also to help them engage with this media, deepening their understanding of their own roles as both consumers and producers of media.

Chapter Opening Pedagogy

Timelines

Timelines in all the industry apters help students visually organize the relevant historical information that has shaped that particular industry. Students can go to the book’ s companion website to explore the historical events and figures in more depth using our interactive timeline feature, whi links to further resources su as newspaper clippings, photos, video clips, and more.

Global

Media Today & Culture Boxes

Global Media Today & Culture boxes provide stories about current trends in media around the world and help students appreciate the media’ s global impact. Discussion questions encourage students to think about how different cultural perceptions or experiences may inform the way media are experienced around the world.

New Media Literacy estions

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