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Anatomy Human

EIGHTH EDITION

with Assignments

NEW! Cat

Dissection Videos help students prepare for cat dissection lab and identify key anatomical structures.

A&P Flix™

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Give Your Students Access to Lab

Practice Anatomy Lab™ 3.0 is a virtual anatomy study tool that gives students 24/7 access to the most widely used lab specimens including human cadaver, anatomical models, histology, cat, and fetal pig.

PAL 3.0 includes randomized multiplechoice quizzes and fill-in-the-blank lab practical questions.

Practice 24/7 with

The PAL 3.0 App lets students access PAL 3.0 on their iPad or Android tablet. Students can enlarge images, watch animations, and study for lab practicals with multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank quizzes— all while on the go!

Assign only the structures you want your students to know by using the PAL™ 3.0 Test Bank. The PAL 3.0 Test Bank includes over 4,000 customizable questions.

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Maxilla (palatine process)

Chapter 7 Bones, Part 1: The Axial Skeleton 157

Incisive fossa

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Superior nuchal line

Foramen magnum

Zygomatic bone

Zygomatic process of temporal bone

Foramen ovale

Foramen lacerum

Foramen spinosum

Carotid canal

Styloid process

Jugular foramen

Occipital condyle

Foramen magnum

Superior nuchal line

Zygomatic arch

Practice art labeling

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3.0, A&P Flix animations, bone videos, animal organ dissection and cat dissection videos, and art-labeling activities in MasteringA&P help students easily find relevant media resources as they are reading the book.

Figure 7.7 Inferior aspect of the skull.
External occipital protuberance
(a) Inferior view of the skull (mandible removed)
Palatine bone (horizontal plate)
Hard palate
Mandibular fossa
Mastoid process
(b) Photo of inferior view of the skull

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H ebert Heisler Krabbenhoft Malakhova Chinn
Abducens nerve (VI)
Facial nerve (VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Vagus nerve (X)
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Accessory nerve (XI)
Frontal lobe
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Pons
20. Trigeminal nerve (V)
21. Vertebral arteries
22. Medulla oblongata (pyramid) 23. Cerebellum 24. Spinal cord
FIGURE 5.6 Brain with Cranial Nerves, Inferior View
LT-C15: Brain, 2-part, 3B Scientific ®
1. Frontal lobe
2. Olfactory tract
3. Optic nerve (II)
4. Optic chiasma
5. Optic tract
6. Trochlear nerve (IV)
7. Trigeminal nerve (V)
8. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
9. Facial nerve (VII) 10. Medulla oblongata 11. Cerebellum
12. Olfactory bulbs
Temporal lobe
Mammillary body 15. Oculomotor nerve (III) 16. Pons
17. Abducens nerve (VI)
18. Hypoglossal nerve (XII) 19. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
20. Vagus nerve (X) 21. Accessory nerve (XI) 22. Occipital lobes
FIGURE 5.7 Brain with Cranial Nerves, Inferior View

Everything Your Students Need to Succeed in Lecture and Lab

Human

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Marieb / Wilhelm / Mallatt, Human Anatomy, Eighth Edition Anatomy

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Supplements for Instructors

Instructor Resource DVD

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The Instructor Resource DVD organizes all instructor media resources by chapter into one convenient package that allows you to easily and quickly pull together a lecture.

▶ Customizable PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations, with labeled and unlabeled images.

▶ All figures from the book in JPEG format and PowerPoint slides

▶ Instructor’s Resource Guide in Microsoft Word®

▶ Cat Dissection Videos

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▶ Bone and Dissection Videos

▶ Images from A Brief Atlas of the Human Body, Second Edition

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▶ PAL 3.0™ Instructor Resource DVD with Test Bank

▶ Index of anatomical structures covered in PAL 3.0 (PDF format)

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By Leslie Hendon

0-134-28661-8 / 978-0-134-28661-7

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Printed Test Bank

0-134-28659-6 / 978-0-134-28659-4

The Eighth Edition Test Bank covers all major topics at a range of difficulty levels. All questions in the printed Test Bank are available in Microsoft Word and TestGen formats on the IRDVD and in the Instructor Resources section of MasteringA&P®. Both electronic options are cross-platform and allow instructors to easily generate and customize tests.

Cadaver Dissection Video Series for Human Anatomy & Physiology

0-321-74963-4 / 978-0-321-74963-5

Includes everything an instructor needs to present and assess PAL 3.0 in lecture and lab. The DVD includes images in PowerPoint with editable labels and leader lines, labeled and unlabeled images in JPEG and PowerPoint format, and more.

Supplements for Students

Human Anatomy Laboratory Manual with Cat Dissections, Eighth Edition

Human

Anatomy

0-134-25558-5 / 978-0-134-25558-3

This lab manual contains 30 gross anatomy and histology exercises for all major body systems, featuring 24 cat dissection photos. Illustrated in full color, with convenient spiral binding and an Instructor’s Guide, the lab manual is an excellent accompaniment to Human Anatomy for lab.

A Photographic Atlas for Anatomy & Physiology

By Nora Hebert, Ruth Heisler, Karen Krabbenhoft, Olga Malakhova, and Jett Chinn 0-321-86925-7 / 978-0-321-86925-8

NEW! Visual lab study tool that helps students learn and identify key anatomical structures. Featuring photos from Practice Anatomy Lab™ 3.0 and other sources, the Atlas includes over 250 cadaver dissection photos, histology photomicrographs, and cat dissection photos plus over 50 photos of anatomical models.

Practice Anatomy Lab™ 3.0 DVD

By Ruth Heisler, Nora Hebert, Jett Chinn, Karen Krabbenhoft, and Olga Malakhova 0-321-68211-4 / 978-0-321-68211-6

PAL 3.0 is an indispensable virtual anatomy study and practice tool that gives students 24/7 access to the most widely used lab specimens, including the human cadaver, anatomical models, histology, cat, and fetal pig. Practice Anatomy™ (PAL™) 3.0 Lab Guide

Ruth Heisler, Nora Hebert, Karen Krabbenhoft, Olga Malakhova, and Jett Chinn

Without PAL 3.0 DVD (0-321-84025-9); with PAL 3.0 DVD (0-321-85767-4)

The PAL 3.0 Lab Guide enhances students’ virtual anatomy lab experience by helping them explore anatomical structures through a series of labeling activities and quizzes using the images from PAL. Get Ready for A&P, Third Edition

0-321-81336-7 /

This book and online component were created to help students be better prepared for their course. Features include pre-tests, guided explanations followed by interactive quizzes and exercises, and end-of-chapter cumulative tests. Also available in the Study Area of MasteringA&P®.

The Anatomy Coloring Book, Fourth Edition

0-321-83201-9 / 978-0-321-83201-6

For over 35 years, The Anatomy Coloring Book has been the #1 best-selling human anatomy coloring book. A useful tool for anyone with an interest in learning anatomical structures, this concisely written text features precise, extraordinary hand-drawn figures that were crafted especially for easy coloring and interactive study. Organized according to body systems, each of the 162 spreads featured in this book includes an ingenious color-key system where anatomical terminology is linked to detailed illustrations of the structures of the body.

Hebert Heisler Krabbenhoft Malakhova Chinn

The general philosophy behind this Eighth Edition of Human Anatomy remains the same as in the previous editions. As an instructor, you know that teaching anatomy is not just the presentation of facts. You must provide information in a framework that encourages genuine understanding, devise new presentations to help students remember large amounts of material, and help students apply what they have learned to new situations. All the while you hope that you inspire in the students a love of the subject.

After many years of teaching human anatomy, we became convinced that new approaches to the subject could excite and challenge the students’ natural curiosity. That is why we decided to write this book. We are fortunate to have collaborated with Pearson Education, a publisher that shares our goal: to set a new standard for pedagogical and visual effectiveness in an anatomy text.

This book is designed for one-semester or one-quarter introductory anatomy courses that serve students in prenursing, pre-medical, pre-physical therapy, radiological technology, physician assistant training, pre-dentistry, pharmacy, and other allied-health fields, as well as physical education, athletic training, and nutrition.

Unique Approach to Anatomy

Since its inception, we have worked diligently to distinguish Human Anatomy from the many other anatomy books currently available. This book explains anatomy thoroughly, and its discussions are not merely brief summaries of the art. We have striven to present the basic concepts of anatomy—gross, microscopic, developmental, and clinical—in a manner that is clearly written, effectively organized, up to date, and well illustrated. We realize that learning anatomy involves assimilating gargantuan amounts of material, and we have tried to make our presentation as logical and accessible as possible. To this end, we present anatomy as a “story” that can be explained and understood—convincing the students that the structure of the body makes sense.

Although descriptive gross anatomy is a relatively static science, knowledge is growing quickly in the subfields of functional anatomy, neuroanatomy, developmental anatomy, and the functional aspects of tissue and cellular anatomy. This text strives to keep up with the knowledge explosion in these subfields and to present anatomy in a way that allows modern biology students, whose training is becoming ever more molecular and cellular, to anchor their biochemical and medical training in the physical context of the human body.

Functional Approach

We strongly emphasize the functional anatomy theme, giving careful consideration to the adaptive characteristics of the anatomical structures of the body. Wherever possible, we explain how the shape and composition of the anatomical

structures allow them to perform their functions. Such functional anatomy is not physiology (which focuses on biological mechanisms), but is more akin to “design analysis.” This approach is unique for a text at this level.

Microscopic Anatomy

We have worked to provide an especially effective treatment of microscopic anatomy. Many undergraduate texts treat histology as a specialized and minor subfield that takes a back seat to gross anatomy. This is unfortunate, because most physiological and disease processes take place at the cellular and tissue level, and most allied-health students require a solid background in histology and subcellular structure to prepare them for their physiology courses.

Embryology

Our text is designed to present embryology in the most effective and logical way. We are convinced that the fundamentals should be presented early in the text, before the more advanced discussions of the developing organ systems in the relevant chapters. Therefore, we wrote Chapter 3 as a basic introduction to embryology. Because a comprehensive presentation of embryology early in the book could be intimidating to some students, we have used a “velvet glove approach,” providing only the most important concepts in a concise, understandable way, visually reinforced with exceptionally clear art.

Life Span Approach

Most chapters in this book close with a “Throughout Life” section that first summarizes the embryonic development of organs of the system and then examines how these organs change across one’s life span. Diseases particularly common during certain periods of life are pointed out, and effects of aging are considered. The implications of aging are particularly important to students in the health-related curricula because many of their patients will be older adults.

Helpful Presentation of Terminology

The complex terminology of anatomy is one of the most difficult aspects of the subject to make interesting and accessible. To this end, we highlight important terms in boldfaced type, and we provide the pronunciations of more terms than do many competing texts. Also, we include the Latin or Greek translations of almost every term at the point where the term is introduced in the text. This promotes learning by showing students that difficult terms have simple, logical derivations. The anatomical terms used in this text are consistent with the terms accepted by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA). Clinical terminology is also presented in the Related Clinical Terms section found at

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Sugar-works at Glasgow, ii. 455.

Summaries:

Reign of Mary, 1561-1565, i. 7; Regency of Moray, 1567-1570, 43; Regencies of Lennox and Mar, 1570-1572, 61, 62; Regency of Morton, 1572-1578, 82, 83; Reign of James VI. 1578-1585, 126-129; 1585-1590, 160, 161; 1591-1603, 219-221; 1603-1625, 379-381. Reign of Charles I., 1625-1637, ii. 1-3; 1637-1649, 105-113; Interregnum, 1649-1660, 174-177; Reign of Charles II., 1660-1673, 255-261; 1673-1685, 349-355; Reign of James VII., 469-475; concluding remarks, 496-499.

Sun, total eclipse of the, i. 296. Celebrated eclipse of, ii. 215.

Suns, curious appearance of three, ii. 9. Sunday, observance of, i. 329-333.

Superstitions and superstitious practices, i. 322-326.

Suppers, laudable custom of, revived, ii. 267.

Surgeons exempted from serving as jury-men, i. 42.

SUTHERLAND, Earl of, overtaken by a snow-storm, i. 363; contributions of tenantry to, 517.

SUTHERLAND of Duffus, his quarrel with Gordon of Enbo, ii. 5, 6.

Swans on Linlithgow Loch, anecdotes of, ii. 267, 268.

Swearing, fines for, i. 342.

Sweden, king of, troops levied in Scotland for, i. 445; unfortunate issue, 446.

Sword-dance, description of the, ii. 67, 68.

SYDSERF, Thomas, editor of the MercuriusCaledonius, ii. 271; his theatre, 324.

TAILIEFEIR, Bessie, sentenced to be brankit, i. 46.

Tailors, petition against outlandish, ii. 253, 254.

Tallow, laws against exporting, ii. 5.

Tarugo’sWiles, Sydserf’s play called, ii. 324.

Taxes, allocation of, to various towns, ii. 7.

Tay, remarkable flood in the, i. 525-527.

TAYLOR, John the Water-poet, his visit to Scotland, i. 493-500.

Tea, in Scotland, its first introduction, ii. 405.

TENNANT, Francis, hanged for his pasquils against the king and progenitors, i. 320.

Tercel called for by James VI., i. 391.

Test, magistrates of Peebles in a puzzle about the, ii. 429; burlesque of, 433.

Thanksgiving-day, on settlement between King and Estates, ii. 140.

Theatre, first, in Edinburgh established about 1679, ii. 400.

Theatricals in Scotland, toleration of, i. 306, 307.

ThirteenDriftyDays, Hogg’s account of the, ii. 365-367.

THOMSON, Annaple, and others, worried and burnt as witches, ii. 405, 406.

THOMSON, Gavin, assaulted by Thomas Pringle, i. 418.

THOMSON, Margaret, her complaint against Tutor of Calder, ii. 154.

Thumbikens, an instrument of torture so called, ii. 460.

Tide, remarkable swelling of the, at Leith, &c., i. 476.

Tobacco, Murray’s patent for importing, i. 531, 532. Licence for sale of, ii. 74; tax on, 332; first practitioner of tobacco-spinning in Leith, 346.

Toe-writing, singular instance of, ii. 253.

Toleration, want of, in Scotland, i. 244; imputation of toleration indignantly repudiated by King James, 533.

Declared against by the Presbyterian kirk, ii. 180; granted by James VII., 470; want of, at the Revolution, 498.

Tories, first introduction of the word into Scotland, ii. 227.

TORTHORALD, Lord, stabbed by William Stewart, i. 415.

Town-guard of Edinburgh, origin of the, ii. 438.

Trade, decree against freedom of, i. 458. Interesting particulars regarding, in Scotland, ii. 248, 249.

Transmigration of witches to distant places, &c., disputation on, i. 305.

Traquair, burning at Peebles of popish relics found at, ii. 499-501.

TRAQUAIR, Countess of, and her son, ii. 336.

——, first Earl of, anecdote of, ii. n.88; his death and character, 251, 252.

Travelling, anecdotes of, i. 299, 381, 493; ii. 218, 247, 391, 476.

TremblingExies, a disease so called, ii. 222.

Trough, Children of the (a singular anecdote), i. n.234.

Tulyiesor combats in Edinburgh, i. 47, 185, 258, 318.

TumblingLassieand Reid the mountebank, ii. 487.

TURNBULL and SCOTT, hanged for publishing a libel against Morton, i. 125.

TURNBULL, Andrew, beheaded, i. 320.

—— of Airdrie, abduction of his daughter, i. 419.

Turners, a base coin so called, ii. 128.

TWEEDIES and VEITCHES, feud between, i. 200-202; James VI. endeavours to suppress, 432.

Universities, order against receiving fugitive students at, i. 439.

URQUHART of Craigston, singular fortunes of his grandson, ii. 81-83.

USHER, Adie, a Border-thief, hanged; his son Willie, i. 546.

Usury severely punished, ii. 298.

VALLAM, James and George, hanged for robbery, i. 364.

VAUTROLLIER, a French Protestant, prints a volume of poems for James VI., i. 154.

VEITCHES and TWEEDIES, feud between, i. 200-202, 432.

Victory, naval, over the Dutch, rejoicings at, ii. 303.

Vintners and Butchers, outcry against extortion of, ii. 489, 490.

Visions in the air, ii. 313-315.

VOIS, Cornelius de, his gold and silver licence, i. 50.

Wages of skilled artisans in Scotland, ii. 235.

WALDEN, Lord, his journey of pleasure in Scotland, i. 454, 455.

WALKER, Patrick, his account of illusive psalm-singing, ii. 314; of visions of bonnets and weapons at Crossford, 485.

WALLACE, Margaret, worried and burnt for witchcraft, i. 527-529.

WALSINGHAM, Sir Francis, a councillor of Queen Elizabeth, his mission to James VI., i. 152.

Waly,waly!a popular ballad, composed on the Marchioness of Douglas, ii. 340.

Wame-illor land-ill, also called the PestilencebutMercy, i. 57.

Wappinshaw, why so called, i. 542.

Watch, a body of men appointed to keep peace in the Highlands, ii. 306.

WATSON, William, minister of Burntisland, i. 467.

WATT, John, shot dead on the Burgh-moor, i. 349.

WAUGH, Robert, hanged for rebuking the Regent Morton, i. 80.

Weather, the, i. 107, 112, 259, 286, 421, 431, 457, 458, 523, 541; ii. 4, 12, 17, 28, 61, 79, 83, 113, 115, 122, 134, 149, 199, 217, 222, 224, 234-236, 240, 253, 298, 299, 305, 313, 319, 324, 358, 365-367, 371-373, 426, 454, 462.

WEIR, Bessie, hanged as a witch, ii. 377-379.

——, John, tried for ‘incest,’ for marrying the relict of his granduncle, ii. 28.

WEIR, Major, strangled and burnt, ii. 332.

——, of Cloburn, a boy of fourteen, taken to Ireland, and married to a daughter of Laird of Corehouse, i. 454.

Wells of Edinburgh run dry, ii. 226.

WEMYSS, Countess of, death and extravagance of the, ii. 215.

WEMYSS of Logie, Mrs Margaret Twinstoun contrives his escape from confinement, i. 238.

West Indies, deportation of poor people to the, ii. 304, 305.

WESTERHALL, Laird of, slain by the Hamiltons, i. 99.

Whale captured by the English at Leith, ii. 218.

Whales, fourteen killed at Dornoch, i. 319.

Wheat, Council grants licence for exporting 4000 bolls, ii. 54.

Whig, origin of the term, ii. 171, 172.

Whilliwha’s, swindlers so called, i. 468.

WIGTON and CASSILLIS, Earls of, dispute between, ii. 30.

Wind, tremendous storm of, i. 421.

Wine, its importation into Western Isles restricted, i. 531.

WIRTEMBERG, Duke of, visits Scotland, i. 418.

WISHART, Janet, burnt for witchcraft, i. 278, 279.

Witchcraft, act against, i. 24;

William Stewart, Lyon King-of-arms hanged for, 60; witches of Athole, 70; Bessie Dunlop, burnt for, 107-110; Alison Peirson, burnt for, 183; trials of Lady Foulis and Hector Monro, 202-206; Bessie Roy tried for, 206; extraordinary trials for, 210-218; devil preaching to witches, illustration, 215; numerous cases of, 257; barbarous legal procedure in cases of, 273; remarkable trials in Aberdeen, 278-285; ‘the great witch of Balwery,’ 291; wood-cut of a witch seated on the moon, 378; the Broughton witches, 420; Margaret Barclay, executed for, 488; John Stewart, tried for, 488; Margaret Wallace, worried and burnt for, 527-529; Bessie Smith, of Lesmahago, 539; Thomas Grieve, strangled and burnt, 540; Privy Council’s doubts regarding, 548. Various cases of, ii. 31-34; John Balfour, a discoverer of, 61; William Coke and Alison Dick, burnt for witchcraft, their bill of expenses, 70, 71; case of Agnes Finnie and others, 149-154;

conference of ministers on, 180; several trials and burnings for, 186-189; presbytery of Lanark and the eleven witches, 194, 195; proceedings of Cromwell’s law-commissioners for Scotland, 219, 220; burnings for, 243, 244; numerous trials for, at the Restoration, 277-279; confessions of Isobel Gowdie and Janet Braidhead, 285-291; M‘Leans and others tortured for, 293-295; more cases of, 330; Jean Weir hanged, 333; curious cases of, 376-381; another witch-storm, 385, 386; anecdotes of, 393-395; Katherine Liddel persecuted for, 396; curious witch-trial at Borrowstounness, 405, 406; Marion Purdie imprisoned for, 462; books on, 475.

WOGAN, Captain, his daring march to the north, ii. 223; verses quoted from Waverleyon his death, 224.

WOOD, George, threatened arrestment of his corpse, ii. 328, 329.

WOOD, James, heir of Bonnington, beheaded, i. 350.

Wool, prohibition against exporting, &c., i. 475; Petition for dressing and refining of, ii. 346.

Wreckers of Dunbar and Western Islands, Council’s proceedings against, ii. 94, 95.

Writs, several persons hanged for making false, i. 260, 296.

YESTER, Master of, and Stewarts of Traquair, feud between, i. 168170.

YORK, James, Duke of. See JamesVII.

YOUNG, Isobel, burnt for witchcraft, ii. 31.

——, John, his attack on Richard Bannatyne, ii. 16.

YOUNG, Margaret, petitions Privy Council against false imprisonment, ii. 153.

END OF VOL. II.

Edinburgh: Printed

Half-glazed Window of Seventeenth Century.—See page 283.

Transcriber’s Notes:

The original accentuation, and spelling has been retained. Hyphenation has been made consistent as far as possible. New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain.

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