Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) ready for you
Download now and discover formats that fit your needs...
Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective 4th Edition, (Ebook PDF)
https://ebookmass.com/product/social-stratification-class-race-andgender-in-sociological-perspective-4th-edition-ebook-pdf/
ebookmass.com
Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class: The Sociology of Group Conflict and Change
https://ebookmass.com/product/race-ethnicity-gender-and-class-thesociology-of-group-conflict-and-change/
ebookmass.com
ISE Identities and Inequalities: Exploring the Intersections of Race, Class, Gender, & Sexuality 4th Edition David M.
Newman
https://ebookmass.com/product/ise-identities-and-inequalitiesexploring-the-intersections-of-race-class-gender-sexuality-4thedition-david-m-newman/
ebookmass.com
Retrosynthesis in the Manufacture of Generic Drugs Pedro
Paulo Santos
https://ebookmass.com/product/retrosynthesis-in-the-manufacture-ofgeneric-drugs-pedro-paulo-santos/
ebookmass.com
Business Organizations: Cases, Problems, and Case Studies (Aspen Casebook Series) 4th Edition, (Ebook PDF)
https://ebookmass.com/product/business-organizations-cases-problemsand-case-studies-aspen-casebook-series-4th-edition-ebook-pdf/
ebookmass.com
Conflict, Violent Extremism and Development: New Challenges, New Responses 1st Edition Andrew Glazzard
https://ebookmass.com/product/conflict-violent-extremism-anddevelopment-new-challenges-new-responses-1st-edition-andrew-glazzard/
ebookmass.com
Researchers At Risk: Precarity, Jeopardy And Uncertainty In Academia 1st Edition Deborah L. Mulligan
https://ebookmass.com/product/researchers-at-risk-precarity-jeopardyand-uncertainty-in-academia-1st-edition-deborah-l-mulligan/
ebookmass.com
Organic Public Engagement: How Ecological Thinking Transforms Public Engagement with Science 1st Edition Adam S. Lerner
https://ebookmass.com/product/organic-public-engagement-howecological-thinking-transforms-public-engagement-with-science-1stedition-adam-s-lerner/ ebookmass.com
Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People 7th Edition E-book PDF Version – Ebook PDF Version
https://ebookmass.com/product/liberty-equality-power-a-history-of-theamerican-people-7th-edition-e-book-pdf-version-ebook-pdf-version/ ebookmass.com
https://ebookmass.com/product/pearson-foundation-series-biologyclass-10-ten-trishna-knowledge-systems/
ebookmass.com
7Color-BlindPrivilege:TheSocialandPoliticalFunctions ofErasingtheColorLineinPost-RaceAmerica79
CharlesA.Gallagher
8WhatWhiteSupremacistsTaughtaJewishScholarabout Identity84
AbbyL.Ferber
9AreAsianAmericansBecoming “White”?88 MinZhou
10RaceasClass94
HerbertJ.Gans
B.CLASSANDINEQUALITY101 11IsCapitalismGenderedandRacialized?101
JoanAcker
12TheGreatDivergence:GrowingIncomeInequalityCould DestabilizetheU.S.SoWhyIsn’tAnyoneTalking aboutIt?110
TimothyNoah
13ClosingtheWealthGap:AReviewofRacialandEthnic InequalitiesinHomeownership113
MeghanKuebler
14TheIntersectionofPovertyDiscourses:Race,Class, Culture,andGender121
DebraHendersonandAnnTickamyer
15HealthandWealth:OurAppallingHealthInequalityReflects andReinforcesSociety’sOtherGaps129
LawrenceR.JacobsandJamesA.Morone
C.ETHNICITY,IMMIGRATION,ANDNATIONALITY133
16 “IsThisaWhiteCountry,orWhat?” 133
LillianB.Rubin
17Must-SeeTV:SouthAsianCharacterizationsinAmerican PopularMedia141
BhoomiK.Thakore
18OptionalEthnicities:ForWhitesOnly?148 MaryC.Waters
19Living “Illegal”:TheHumanFaceofUnauthorized Immigration157
MarieFriedmannMarquardt,TimothyJ.Steigenga, PhilipJ.Williams,andManuelA.Vásquez
20ADreamDeferred:UndocumentedStudentsatCUNY164 CarolinaBankMuñoz
D.GENDERANDSEXISM170
21SexandGenderthroughthePrismofDifference170
MaxineBacaZinn,PierretteHondagneu-Sotelo, andMichaelMessner
22SeeingPrivilegeWhereItIsn’t:MarginalizedMasculinities andtheIntersectionalityofPrivilege179
BethanyM.CostonandMichaelKimmel
23TheMythoftheLatinWoman:IJustMetaGirl NamedMaría188
JudithOrtizCofer
24KeepYour “N” inCheck:AfricanAmericanWomenandthe InteractiveEffectsofEtiquetteandEmotionalLabor193 MarleseDurrandAdiaM.HarveyWingfield
25TheGenderedRiceBowl:TheSexualPoliticsofServiceWork inUrbanChina201 AmyHanser
E.SEXUALITYANDHETEROSEXISM211
26PrisonsforOurBodies,ClosetsforOurMinds:Racism, Heterosexism,andBlackSexuality211
PatriciaHillCollins
27 “Dude,You’reaFag:” AdolescentMasculinityandtheFag Discourse218
C.J.Pascoe
28TheInventionofHeterosexuality225 JonathanNedKatz
29Straight:TheSurprisinglyShortHistoryofHeterosexuality237 HanneBlank
30SellingSexforVisas:SexTourismasaStepping-Stoneto InternationalMigration243
DeniseBrennan
PART IIITheStructureofSocialInstitutions249 MargaretL.AndersenandPatriciaHillCollins
A.WORKANDECONOMICTRANSFORMATION263
31Seeingin3D:ARace,Class,andGenderLens ontheEconomicDownturn263
MargaretL.Andersen
32InequalityandtheGrowthofBadJobs270 MattVidal
33AreEmilyandGregMoreEmployableThanLakisha andJamal?:AFieldExperimentonLaborMarket Discrimination273
MarianneBertrandandSendhilMullainathan
34RacisminToyland278
ChristineL.Williams
35GenderMatters.SoDoRaceandClass:Experiencesof GenderedRacismontheWal-MartShopFloor285
SandraE.Weissinger
B.FAMILIES294 36OurMothers’ Grief:Racial-EthnicWomenandthe MaintenanceofFamilies294
BonnieThorntonDill
37ExploringtheIntersectionsofRace,Ethnicity,andClasson MaternityLeaveDecisions:ImplicationsforPublicPolicy307
TiffanyManuelandRuthEnidZambrana
38StraightIstoGayasFamilyIstoNoFamily314 KathWeston
39NavigatingInterracialBorders:Black-WhiteCouples andTheirSocialWorlds319
EricaChitoChilds
C.EDUCATION327 40AffirmingIdentityinanEraofSchoolDesegregation327 BeverlyTatum
41FromtheAchievementGaptotheEducationDebt:Understanding AchievementinU.S.Schools333
GloriaLadson-Billings
42HowaScholarshipGirlBecomesaSoldier:TheMilitarization ofLatina/oYouthinChicagoPublicSchools346 GinaM.Pérez
43UnspeakableOffenses:UntanglingRaceandDisabilityin DiscoursesofIntersectionality357 NirmalaErevellesandAndreaMinear
D.MEDIAANDPOPULARCULTURE363 44RepresentationsofLatina/oSexualityinPopularCulture363 DeborahR.Vargas
45Where’stheHonor?Attitudestowardthe “FightingSioux” NicknameandLogo367 DanaM.Williams
46MediaMagic:MakingClassInvisible372 GregoryMantsios
47GenderNormsinthe Twilight Series380 RebeccaHayes-Smith
48RethinkingCyberfeminism(s):Race,Gender,and Embodiment383 JessieDaniels
E.BODIES,BEAUTY,ANDSPORTS390
49BrownBody,WhiteWonderland390 TressieMcMillanCottom
50TheConstructionofBlackMasculinity:WhiteSupremacy NowandThen392 AbbyL.Ferber
51SustainableFoodandPrivilege:WhyGreenIsAlways White(andMaleandUpper-Class)399 JananiBalasubramanian
52There’sNoBusinessLiketheNailBusiness401 MiliannKang
F.THESTATEANDVIOLENCE408
53Gender,Race,andUrbanPolicing:TheExperienceofAfrican AmericanYouths408 RodK.BrunsonandJodyMiller
54TheColorofJustice419
MichelleAlexander
55Rape,Racism,andtheLaw424 JenniferWriggins
56InterpretingandExperiencingAnti-QueerViolence: Race,Class,andGenderDifferencesamongLGBT HateCrimeVictims432
DougMeyer
PART IVAnIntersectionalFrameworkforChange:Fromthe LocaltotheGlobal443
MargaretL.AndersenandPatriciaHillCollins
57MulticulturalTrainingInterventiontoAddressAmericanIndian Stereotypes448
JesseA.SteinfeldtandMatthewClintSteinfeldt
58GrowingFoodandJustice:DismantlingRacismthrough SystainableFoodSystems459
AlfonsoMorales
59TheIntersectionalParadigmandAlternativeVisionstoStopping DomesticViolence:WhatPoorWomen,WomenofColor,and ImmigrantWomenAreTeachingUsAboutViolenceinthe Family464
NatalieJ.Sokoloff
60MovementIntersectionality:TheCaseofRace,Gender, Disability,andGeneticTechnologies474 DorothyRobertsandSujathaJesudason
61GlobalizationandIts(Mal)econtents:TheGenderedMoraland PoliticalEconomyofTerrorism485
MichaelS.Kimmel
62IntersectionalityinaTransnationalWorld494 BandanaPurkayastha
Preface Wewritethisprefaceatatimewhenthesocialdynamicsofrace,class,and genderarechanging.Manybelievethatracenolongermattersasapredictorofone’schancesinlife.Afterall,theUnitedStateselectedaBlackpresident,somethingthatwouldhavebeenunimaginablenotthatmanyyearsago. Somewouldarguethatsocialclassmattersmorethanrace,especiallygiventhe presenceofanAfricanAmericanandLatinomiddleclass.Womenarenow CEOsofmajortechnologycompanies.Yet,thesevisiblesignsofchangemay cloakthesimultaneouspresenceofhighlysegregatedBlackandLatinocommunities,manyofthemstrugglinginthefaceofpoverty.Themiddleclass,longthe hallmarkofourdemocraticsociety,strugglestokeepafirmfootholdinthe Americaneconomy.Althoughwomenatthetoparedoingverywell,themajorityofwomenstillstrugglewithlowwagesandthechallengeofworkingand supportingtheirfamilies,oftenontheirown.
TheU.S.economy,thoughrecoveringsomewhatfromthefinancialcrisis thatbeganin2009,hasalsoleftmanypeopleinfinancialdistress.Peoplewho hadworkedtheirentireliveshaveseentheirlife’ssavingsdisappearastheir housesdroppedinvalueandtheirsavingsaccountsforsendingtheirkidstocollegeorfortheirownretirementshrank.Homelessnesscontinuestomarkour citystreets.Evencollegestudents,whomyoumightthinkofasimmuneto globaleconomictrends,areseeingrisingtuitioncostsasstatesreducetheirsupportforpubliceducation.Debtandeconomicuncertaintyaretheresult.
Noteveryoneexperiencesthesechangesinthesameway.Toexplain people’slifesituationsrequiresunderstandinghowrace,class,andgendershape theAmericanopportunitystructure.Howarerace,class,andgendersystematicallyinterrelated,andwhatistheirrelationshiptoothersocialfactors?
Thatisthethemeofthisbook:howrace,class,andgendersimultaneously shapesocialissuesandexperiencesintheUnitedStates.Centraltothebookis theideathatrace,class,andgenderareinterconnectedandthattheymustbe understoodasoperatingtogetherifyouwanttounderstandtheexperiencesof
diversegroupsandparticularissuesandeventsinsociety.Wewantthisbookto helpstudentsseehowthelivesofdifferentgroupsdevelopinthecontextoftheir race,class,andgenderlocationinsociety.
Sincethepublicationofthefirsteditionofthisbook,thestudyofrace,class, andgenderhasbecomemuchmorepresentinpeople’sthinking.Overtheyears thatthisbookhasbeenpublished,therehasalsobeenanenormousgrowthin theresearchscholarshipthatisanchoredinanintersectionalframework.Still, peoplecontinuetotreatrace,class,andgenderinisolationfromtheothers; somealsotreatrace,class,andgenderasiftheywereequivalentexperiences. Althoughweseethemasinterrelated andsometimessimilarinhowthey work wealsounderstandthateachhasitsowndynamic,butadynamicthat canonlybetrulyunderstoodinrelationshiptotheothers.Withthegrowthof race,class,andgenderstudies,wecanalsonowbetterunderstandhowother socialfactors,suchassexuality,nationality,age,anddisability,areconnectedto thesocialstructuresofrace,class,andgender.Wehopethatthisbookhelpsstudentsunderstandhowthesestructuralphenomena thatis,thesocialforcesof race,class,andgenderandtheirconnectionwithothersocialvariables are deeplyembeddedinthesocialstructureofsociety.
Thisanthologyis,thus,morethanacollectionofreadings.Ourbookis stronglycenteredinananalyticalframeworkabouttheinterconnectionsamong race,class,andgender.Inthiseditionwecontinueoureffortstofurtherdevelop aframeworkofthe intersectionality ofrace,class,andgender,orasPatriciaHill Collinshaslabeledit,the matrixofdomination. Theorganizationofthebookfeaturesthisframework.Ourintroductoryessaydistinguishesanintersectional frameworkfromothermodelsofstudying “difference.” Thefourpartsofthe bookareintendedtohelpstudentsseetheimportanceofthisintersectional framework,toengagecriticallythecoreconceptsonwhichtheframeworkis based,andtoanalyzedifferentsocialinstitutionsandcurrentsocialissuesusing thisframework,includingbeingabletoapplyittounderstandingsocialchange.
ORGANIZATIONOFTHEBOOK Thefourmajorpartsofthebookreflectthesegoals.Weintroduceeachofthe fourpartswithanessaywewrotetoanalyzetheissuesraisedbythereading selections.Theseessaysareanimportantpartofthisbookbecausetheyestablish theconceptualfoundationthatweusetothinkaboutrace,class,andgender.
Asinpasteditions,weincludeessaysinPartI(“WhyRace,Class,and GenderStillMatter”)thatengagestudentsinpersonalnarratives,asawayof helpingthemstepbeyondtheirownsociallocationandtoseehowrace,class, gender,sexuality,andothersocialfactorsshapepeople’slivesdifferently.Inthis edition,wehavealsoincludedsomeofthenowclassicpiecesinintersectional studies,andweincludetwopiecesthatprovidesomehistoricalfoundationfor howrace,class,andgenderhaveevolvedinAmericansociety.Wewantthis sectiontoshowstudentstheverydifferentexperiencesthatanchorthestudyof
race,class,andgender.Wethereforebeginourbookwithessaysthatshowtheir continuing,evenifchanging,significance.
PartII, “SystemsofPowerandInequality,” providestheconceptualfoundationforunderstandinghowrace,class,andgenderarelinkedtogetherandhow theylinkwithothersystemsofpowerandinequality,especiallyethnicityand sexuality.Herewewantstudentstounderstandthatindividualidentitiesand experiencesarestructuredbyintersectingsystemsofpower.TheessaysinPartII linkethnicity,nationality,andsexualitytothestudyofrace,class,andgender. Wetreateachoftheseseparatelyhere,notbecausewethinktheystandalone, buttoshowstudentshoweachoperatessotheycanbetterseetheirinterlocking nature.Theintroductoryessayprovidesworkingdefinitionsforthesemajorconceptsandpresentssomeofthecontemporarydatathatwillhelpstudentsseehow race,class,andgenderstratifycontemporarysociety.
PartIII, “TheStructureofSocialInstitutions,” examineshowintersecting systemsofrace,class,andgendershapetheorganizationofsocialinstitutions andhow,asaresult,theseinstitutionsaffectgroupexperience.Socialscientists routinelydocumenthowLatinos,AfricanAmericans,women,workers,and otherdistinctivegroupsareaffectedbyinstitutionalstructures.Weknowthisis truebutwanttogobeyondtheseanalysestoscrutinizehowinstitutionsare themselvesconstructedthroughrace,class,andgenderrelations.Ascategories ofsocialexperience,race,class,andgendershapeallsocialinstitutionsandsystemsofmeaning.Inthiseditionwehaveaddedanewsectionon “Bodies, Beauty,andSports” toanalyzetheinstitutionsthatshapethebodilyexperiences ofpeople,especiallyyoungerpeople.
WehaverevisedPartIV, “AnIntersectionalFrameworkforChange:From theLocaltotheGlobal,” toshowstudentstheverydifferentcontextsinwhich anintersectionalperspectivecaninformsocialpractices.Manyanthologiesuse theirfinalsectiontoshowhowstudentscanmakeadifferenceinsociety,once theyunderstandtheimportanceofrace,class,andgender.Wethinkthisisatall orderforstudentswhomayhavehadonlyafewweekstobeginunderstanding howrace,class,andgendermatter andmattertogether.Byshowingthedifferentcontextsforsocialchange rangingfromgroup-basededucationincounselingtoglobaltransformation wehopetoshowstudentshowanintersectional frameworkcanshapeone’sactioninbothlocal,national,andglobalcontexts.
Thisbookisgroundedinasociologicalperspective,althoughthearticles comefromdifferentperspectives,disciplines,andexperiences.Severalarticles provideahistoricalfoundationforunderstandinghowrace,class,andgender haveemerged.Wealsoincludematerialsthatbringaglobaldimensiontothe studyofrace,class,andgender notjustbylookingcomparativelyatotherculturesbutalsobyanalyzinghowglobalizationisshapinglifeintheUnitedStates.
Notallarticlesaccomplishthisasmuchaswewouldlike,butwetrynotto selectarticlesthatfocusexclusivelyononeissuewhileignoringtheothers.Inthis regard,ourbookdifferssignificantlyfromotheranthologiesonrace,class,and genderthatincludemanyarticlesoneachfactor,butdolesstoshowhowthey areconnected.Wealsodistinguishourbookfromthosethatarecenteredina multiculturalperspective.Althoughmulticulturalismisimportant,wethinkthat
race,class,andgendergobeyondtheappreciationofculturaldifferences.Rather, weseerace,class,andgenderasembeddedinthestructureofsocietyandsignificantlyinfluencinggroupculturesandopportunities.Race,class,andgenderare structuresofgroupopportunity,power,andprivilege,notjustculturaldifferences.Wesearchforarticlesthatareconceptuallyandtheoreticallyinformed andatthesametimeaccessibletoundergraduatereaders.Althoughitisimportanttothinkofrace,class,andgenderasanalyticalcategories,wedonotwantto losesightofhowtheyaffecthumanexperiencesandfeelings;thus,weinclude personalnarrativesthatarereflectiveandanalytical.Wethinkthatpersonal accountsgenerateempathyandalsohelpstudentsconnectpersonalexperiences tosocialstructuralconditions.
Weknowthatdevelopingacomplexunderstandingoftheinterrelationships betweenrace,class,andgenderisnoteasyandinvolvesalong-termprocess engagingpersonal,intellectual,andpoliticalchange.Wedonotclaimtobe modelsofperfectioninthisregard.Wehavebeenpleasedbythestrongresponse tothefirsteighteditionsofthisbook,andwearefascinatedbyhowrace,class, andgenderstudieshavedevelopedsincethepublicationofourfirstedition.We knowfurtherworkisneeded.Ourownteachingandthinkinghasbeentransformedbydevelopingthisbook.Weimaginemanychangesstilltocome.
NEWTOTHENINTHEDITION Intheyearssincerace/class/genderstudiesfirstevolved,alargeandgrowing bodyofscholarshipandactivismhasemergedutilizingthisinclusiveperspective. Suchworkmakesthejobofassemblingthiscollectionbotheasierandharder:It iseasierbecausethereismoreintersectionalworktochoosefrom,butharder becauseofhavingtomakedifficultdecisionsaboutwhattoinclude.Asinearlier editions,wehaveselectedarticlesbasedprimarilyontwocriteria:(1)accessibility toundergraduatereadersandthegeneralpublic,notjusthighlytrainedspecialists;and,(2)articlesthataregroundedinrace and class and gender inother words,intersectionality.
Wehavemadeseveralchangesintheninthedition,includingthefollowing:
■ 31newreadings;
■ anewsectiononbodies,beauty,andsports;
■ acompletelyrevisedfinalsectionfocusingonintersectionalchangeindifferentcontexts;
■ morereadingswithaglobalframework;
■ moreempiricalresearchframedbyanintersectionalanalysis;
■ continuedfocusonthemediaandpopularculture,butnewreadingson youth,socialnetworking,andtheInternet;
■ fourrevisedintroductions,oneofthenotedstrengthsofourbookcompared toothers;and,
■ newmaterialonrace,class,andgenderbasedonimportantcurrentissues, includingimmigration,socialmedia,policeinpoor,urbancommunities, growinginequality,whiteprivilege,sexuality,jobs,familyleave,school segregation,disabilitystudies,andfoodsustainability.
PEDAGOGICALFEATURES Werealizethatthecontextinwhichyouteachmatters.Ifyouteachinaninstitutionwherestudentsaremorelikelytobeworkingclass,perhapshowtheclass systemworkswillbemoreobvioustothemthanitisforstudentsinamore privilegedcollegeenvironment.Manyofthosewhousethisbookwillbeteachinginsegregatedenvironments,giventhehighdegreeofsegregationineducation.Thus,howoneteachesthisbookshouldreflectthedifferentenvironments wherefacultywork.Ideally,thematerialinthisbookshouldbediscussedina multiracial,multiculturalatmosphere,butwerealizethatisnotalwaysthecase. Wehopethatthecontentofthebookandthepedagogicalfeaturesthatenhance itwillhelpbringamoreinclusiveanalysistoeducationalsettingsthanmightbe theretostartwith.
Weseethisbookasmorethanjustacollectionofreadings.Thebookhasan analyticallogictoitsorganizationandcontent,andwethinkitcanbeusedto formatacourse.Ofcourse,somefacultywillusethearticlesinanorderdifferent fromhowwepresentthem,butwehopethefourpartswillhelppeopledevelop theframeworkfortheircourse.Wealsoprovidepedagogicaltoolstohelp peopleexpandtheirteachingandlearningbeyondthepagesofthebook. Wehaveincludedfeatureswiththiseditionthatprovidefacultywithadditionalteachingtools.Theyincludethefollowing:
■ Instructor’smanual. Thiseditionincludesaninstructor’smanualwithsuggestionsforclassroomexercises,discussionandexaminationquestions,and courseassignments.
■ Index. Theindexwillhelpstudentsandfacultylocateparticulartopicsinthe bookquicklyandeasily.
■ CengageLearningTesting,poweredbyCogneroInstantAccess.Thisisaflexible, onlinesystemthatallowsyoutoauthor,edit,andmanagetestbankcontent frommultipleCengageLearningsolutions;createmultipletestversionsinan instant;anddelivertestsfromyourLMS,yourclassroom,orwhereveryou want.
Reconstructingexistingwaysofthinkingtobemoreinclusiverequiresmany transformations.Onetransformationneededinvolvesthelanguageweuse whenreferringtodifferentgroups.Languagereflectsmanyassumptionsabout
race,class,andgender;andforthatreason,languagechangesandevolvesas knowledgechanges.Theterm minority, forexample,marginalizesgroups,makingthemseemsomehowoutsidethemainstreamordominantculture.Even worse,thephrase non-White, routinelyusedbysocialscientists,definesgroups intermsofwhattheyarenotandassumesthatWhiteshavetheuniversalexperiencesagainstwhichtheexperiencesofallothergroupsaremeasured.Wehave consciouslyavoidedusingbothofthesetermsthroughoutthisbook,although thisissometimesunavoidable.
WehavecapitalizedBlackinourwritingbecauseofthespecifichistorical experience,variedasitis,ofAfricanAmericansintheUnitedStates.Wealso capitalizeWhitewhenreferringtoaparticulargroupexperience;however,we recognizethatWhiteAmericanisnomoreauniformexperiencethanisAfrican American.Weuse Hispanic and Latina/o interchangeably,thoughwerecognize thatisnothowgroupsnecessarilydefinethemselves.Whencitingdatafrom othersources(typicallygovernmentdocuments),weuse Hispanic becausethatis usuallyhowsuchdataarereported.
Languagebecomesespeciallyproblematicwhenwewanttotalkaboutfeaturesofexperiencethatdifferentgroupsshare.UsingshortcuttermslikeHispanic,Latina/o,NativeAmerican,andwomenofcolorhomogenizesdistinct historicalexperiences.Eventheterm White falselyunifiesexperiencesacross suchfactorsasethnicity,religion,class,andgender,tonameafew.Attimes, though,wewanttotalkofcommonexperiencesacrossdifferentgroups,sowe haveusedlabelssuchasLatina/o,AsianAmerican,NativeAmerican,and womenofcolortodoso.Unfortunately,describinggroupsinthiswayreinforces basiccategoriesofoppression.Wedonotknowhowtoresolvethisproblembut wantreaderstobeawareofthelimitationsandsignificanceoflanguageasthey trytothinkmoreinclusivelyaboutdiversegroupexperiences.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Ananthologyrestsontheeffortsofmorepeoplethantheeditorsalone.This bookhasbeeninspiredbyourworkwithscholarsandteachersfromaround thecountrywhoareworkingtomaketheirteachingandwritingmoreinclusive andsensitivetotheexperiencesofallgroups.Overtheyearsofourowncollaboration,wehaveeachbeenenrichedbytheworkofthosetryingtomakehigher educationamoreequitableandfairinstitution.Inthattime,ourworkhasgrown frommanynetworksthathavegeneratednewrace,class,andgenderscholars. Theseassociationscontinuetosustainus.Manypeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofthisbook.WeespeciallythankD.StanleyEitzen,MaxineBacaZinn, ElizabethHigginbotham,ValerieHans,andtheBostonAreaFeministScholars Groupfortheinspiration,ideas,suggestions,andsupport.
Weappreciatethesupportgivenbyourinstitutions,withspecialthanksto PresidentPatrickHarker,VicePresidentPatriciaWilson,andExecutiveVice PresidentScottDouglassoftheUniversityofDelawareforprovidingthe
financialsupportthatsupportedDanaAlvaretoassistwiththisedition.Many thanksgotoDanaforhelpingsomuchwiththisedition.Thankyouaswellto Delaware’sProvostDomenicoGrassoforsupportingthescholarshipofhissenior administration.AveryspecialthanksgotoJudyAllarey,DanaBrittingham, SandyBuchanan,SarahHedrick,RitaScott,JoanStock,andSusanWilliams forthehelpandgoodcheerthattheyprovideeveryday;theireffortsmakethe taskofbalancinganadministrativejobandwritingmuchmorepossibleand enjoyable.
WethanktheteamatCengagefortheirencouragementandsupportforthis project.Mostparticularly,wethankLoriBradshawforexpertlyoverseeingallof theproductiondetails.Wealsothanktheanonymousreviewerswhoprovided valuablecommentaryontheprioreditionandthushelpedenormouslyinthe developmentoftheninthedition.
Thisbookhasevolvedovermanyyearsandthroughitallwehavebeen luckytohavetheloveandsupportofRichard,Roger,Valerie,andLauren. Wethankthemfortheloveandsupportthatanchorsourlives.And,withthis edition,wewelcomeAubreyEmmaHanerfeldandHarrisonCollinsPruittwith hopesthattheworldstheyencounterwillbejust,andinclusive,helpingthem thriveinwhateverpathstheytake.
AbouttheEditors MargaretL.Andersen (B.A.GeorgiaState University;M.A.,Ph.D.,UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst)istheEdwardF.and ElizabethGoodmanRosenbergProfessorof SociologyattheUniversityofDelaware whereshealsoholdsjointappointmentsin BlackAmericanStudiesandWomen’sStudies; shehasalsoservedastheViceProvostfor FacultyAffairsandDiversity.Shehasreceived twoteachingawardsattheUniversityofDelaware.Shehaspublishednumerousbooksand articles,including ThinkingaboutWomen:SociologicalPerspectivesonSexandGender (10thed., Pearson,2015); RaceandEthnicityinSociety:The ChangingLandscape (editedwithElizabethHigginbotham,3rded.,Cengage, 2012); OnLandandOnSea:ACenturyofWomenintheRosenfeldCollection (Mystic SeaportMuseum,2007); LivingArt:TheLifeofPaulR.Jones,AfricanAmericanArt Collector (UniversityofDelawarePress,2009);and Sociology:TheEssentials (coauthoredwithHowardF.TaylorandKimLogio;Cengage,2014).Shereceived theAmericanSociologicalAssociation’sJessieBernardAwardforexpandingthe horizonsofsociologytoincludethestudyofwomenandtheEasternSociological Society’sMeritAwardandRobinWilliamsLecturerAward.Sheisapastvice presidentoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociationandpastpresidentofthe EasternSociologicalSociety.
PatriciaHillCollins (B.A.,BrandeisUniversity; M.A.T.,HarvardUniversity;Ph.D.,Brandeis University)isdistinguisheduniversityprofessor ofsociologyattheUniversityofMaryland, CollegePark,andCharlesPhelpsTaftEmeritus ProfessorofAfricanAmericanStudiesandSociologyattheUniversityofCincinnati.Sheisthe authorofnumerousarticlesandbooksincluding OnIntellectualActivism (TempleUniversity, 2013), AnotherKindofPublicEducation:Race, Schools,theMediaandDemocraticPossibilities (Beacon,2009), FromBlackPowertoHipHop: Racism,NationalismandFeminism (TempleUniversity,2006); BlackSexualPolitics:African Americans,GenderandtheNewRacism (Routledge,2004),whichwontheDistinguishedPublicationAwardfromtheAmericanSociologicalAssociation; Fighting Words (UniversityofMinnesota,1998);and BlackFeministThought:Knowledge, Consciousness,andthePoliticsofEmpowerment (Routledge,1990,2000),whichwon theJessieBernardAwardoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociationandthe C.WrightMillsAwardoftheSocietyfortheStudyofSocialProblems.In 2008–2009,sheservedasthe100thpresidentoftheAmericanSociological Association.
AbouttheContributors JoanAcker isprofessoremeritaofsociologyattheUniversityofOregon.She foundedanddirectedtheUniversityofOregon’sCenterfortheStudyof WomeninSocietyandistherecipientoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociation’ s CareerofDistinguishedScholarshipAwardaswellastheJessieBernardAwardfor feministscholarship.Sheistheauthorof ClassQuestions,FeministAnswers aswellas manyotherworksintheareasofgender,institutions,andclass.
MichelleAlexander isassociateprofessoroflawattheMoritzCollegeofLawat OhioStateUniversity.ShehasservedasdirectoroftheRacialJusticeProjectfor theACLUofNorthernCalifornia,andhasclerkedforJusticeHarryA.Blackmun ontheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt.
MaxineBacaZinn isprofessoremeritaofsociology,MichiganStateUniversity. WidelyknownforherworkonLatinafamiliesandfamilydiversity,sheisthecoauthor(withD.StanleyEitzen)of DiversityinFamilies;InConflictandOrder;Globalization:TheTransformationofSocialWorlds; and SocialProblems, andtheco-editor of GenderthroughthePrismofDifference:ASexandGenderReader (withPierrette Hondagneu-SoteloandMichaelA.Messner).SheisarecipientoftheAmerican SociologicalAssociationJessieBernardAwardforopeningthehorizonsofsociologyforwomen.
JananiBalasubramanian isagraduateofStanfordUniversitywhereshedouble majoredinfeministstudies(queerstudies)andengineering(atmosphereand energy).SheisaSouthAsianperformanceandliteraryartist.
MarianneBertrand isChrisP.DialynasProfessorofEconomicsandNeubauer FamilyFacultyFellowatChicagoBoothUniversitySchoolofBusiness.Her workhasbeenpublishedinthe QuarterlyJournalofEconomics, the JournalofPoliticalEconomy, the AmericanEconomicReview, andthe JournalofFinance, among others.
HanneBlank isahistorian,writer,editor,andpublicspeakerabouttheintersectionofbodies,self,andculture.Herbooksinclude TheSurprisinglyShortHistoryofHeterosexuality, and TheUnapologeticFatGirl’sGuidetoExerciseandOther IncendiaryActs, amongothers.
DeniseBrennan isassociateprofessorandchairofanthropologyintheDepartmentofAnthropologyatGeorgetownUniversity.Sheistheauthorofseveral booksandarticlesabouttheglobalsextrade,humantrafficking,andwomen’ s labor,primarilyinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.
RodK.Brunson isassociateprofessorintheSchoolofCriminalJusticeat RutgersUniversitywhereheisalsotheViceDeanforAcademicAffairs.His researchfocusesonyouthexperiencesinneighborhoodcontexts,focusingon thedynamicsofrace,class,andgender.
EricaChitoChilds isassociateprofessorofsociologyatHunterCollege,City UniversityofNewYork.Sheisaleadingqualitativeresearcherofmultiracism, families,media,andpopularculture.Herbooksinclude NavigatingInterracial Borders:Black-WhiteCouplesandTheirSocialWorlds and FadetoBlackandWhite: InterracialImagesinPopularCulture
JudithOrtizCofer istheRegents’ andFranklinProfessorofEnglishandCreativeWriting,EmeritaattheUniversityofGeorgia.Sheistheauthorofnumerousbooksofpoetryandessays,andanovel, TheLineoftheSun. Shereceivedthe 2003AméricasAwardforherbook TheMeaningofConsuelo.
BethanyM.Coston isadoctoralcandidateinsociologyatStonyBrookUniversity.Shehasauthorednumerouspublicationsinherareasofresearchinterest includinggender,sexualities,andintimatepartnerviolence.
TressieMcMillanCottom isadoctoralcandidateinsociologyatEmory University.Herresearchfocusesonthesocioeconomicconditionsandsocial mobilityassociatedwithfor-profithighereducation.Shewritesaregularcolumn in Slate titled “CounterNarrative.”
JessieDaniels isaprofessorattheGraduateCenter,CUNYandHunter College.Herareasofstudyareracism,newmedia,andincarcerationandhealth. Sheistheauthorof CyberRacism:WhiteSupremacyOnlineandtheNewAttackon CivilRights and WhiteLies
BonnieThorntonDill isprofessorofwomen’sstudiesanddeanoftheCollege ofArtsandHumanitiesattheUniversityofMaryland,CollegePark.Herbooks include WomenofColorinU.S.Society, co-editedwithMaxineBacaZinn,and AcrosstheBoundariesofRaceandClass:AnExplorationofWorkandFamilyamong BlackFemaleDomesticServants.
MarleseDurr isprofessorofsociologyandanthropologyatWrightState University.Amongotherworks,shehaspublished TheNewPoliticsofRace: FromDuBoistothe21st Century and Race,Work,andFamiliesintheLivesofAfrican Americans
NirmalaErevelles isprofessorofsocialandculturalstudiesineducationatthe UniversityofAlabama.Sheistheauthorof DisabilityandDifferenceinGlobalContexts:EnablingaTransformativeBodyPolitic.
AbbyL.Ferber isprofessorofsociology,directoroftheMatrixCenter,and co-directorofWomen’sandEthnicStudiesattheUniversityofColoradoat ColoradoSprings.Sheistheauthorofnumerousbooks,including WhiteMan Falling:Race,GenderandWhiteSupremacy, and HateCrimeinAmerica:WhatDo WeKnow? Sheisco-authorof Sex,Gender,andSexuality:TheNewBasics, and co-editorof Privilege:AReader withMichaelS.Kimmel.
CharlesA.Gallagher isthechairoftheDepartmentofSociologyatLaSalle Universitywithresearchspecialtiesinraceandethnicrelations,urbansociology, andinequality.Hehaspublishedseveralarticlesonsubjectssuchascolor-blind politicalnarratives,racialcategorieswithinthecontextofinterracialmarriages, andperceptionsofprivilegebasedonethnicity.
HerbertJ.Gans hasbeenaprolificandinfluentialsociologistformorethan fiftyyears.Hispublishedworksonurbanrenewalandsuburbanizationareintertwinedwithhispersonaladvocacyandparticipantobservation,includingastint asconsultanttotheNationalAdvisoryCommissiononCivilDisorder.Heisthe authoroftheclassic TheUrbanVillagers aswellasthemorerecent Democracyand theNews.
AmyHanser isassociateprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofBritish Columbia.Sheisauthorof ServiceEncounters:Class,Gender,andtheMarketfor SocialDistinctioninUrbanChina.
RebeccaHayes-Smith isaprofessorintheDepartmentofSociology,AnthropologyandSocialWorkatCentralMichiganUniversity.Herresearchfocuseson genderandracialinequalitiesinthecriminaljusticesystemandthe “CSIeffect.”
DebraHenderson isassociateprofessoranddirectorofgraduatestudiesforthe DepartmentofSociologyandAnthropologyatOhioUniversity.Sheisauthorof numerouspublicationsonintersectionalwelfareandpoverty.
PierretteHondagneu-Sotelo isprofessorofsociology,Americanstudies,and ethnicityattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Herbooksinclude God’sHeart HasNoBorders:HowReligiousActivistsAreWorkingforImmigrantRights;Gendered Transitions:MexicanExperiencesofImmigration; and Doméstica:ImmigrantWorkers CleaningandCaringintheShadowsofAffluence, whichwontheSocietyforSocial Problems’ C.WrightMillsAward.
LawrenceR.Jacobs istheWalterF.andJoanMondaleChairforPoliticalStudiesanddirectoroftheCenterfortheStudyofPoliticsandGovernanceatthe UniversityofMinnesota.Hisnumerousworksinclude PoliticiansDon’tPander: PoliticalManipulationandtheLossofDemocraticResponsiveness, forwhichhehas wonmajorprices.Heisafrequentcommentatorinthenationalmedia.
SujathaJesudason istheexecutivedirectorandfounderofGenerationsAhead, asocialjusticeorganizationthatbringsdiversecommunitiestogethertopromote policiesongenetictechnologiesthatprotecthumanrights.
MiliannKang isprofessorofWomen,Gender,andSexualityatUniversityof Massachusetts,Amherst.Shehaswonnumerousnationalawardsforherbook, TheManagedHand:Race,GenderandtheBodyinBeautyServiceWork.
JonathanNedKatz wasthefirsttenuredprofessoroflesbianandgaystudiesin theUnitedStates(DepartmentofLesbianandGayStudies,CityCollegeofSan Francisco).HeisthefounderoftheQueerCaucusoftheCollegeArtAssociation.Heisalsotheco-founderoftheactivistgroupQueerNation.
MichaelS.Kimmel isDistinguishedProfessorofSociologyatStonyBrook University.Heisaleadingresearcherandwriteronmenandmasculinity, authoringandeditingovertwentyvolumesinthefield,including Guyland:The PerilousWorldWhereBoysBecomeMen;Men’sLives; and TheGenderedSociety.
MeghanKuebler isaPh.D.candidateinsociologyatCUNYUniversityof Albany.Sheistheauthorofnumerouspublicationsaboutracialandethnicdisparitiesinhomeownership.
GloriaLadson-Billings istheKellnerFamilyProfessorofUrbanEducationin theDepartmentofCurriculumandInstructionandtheAssistantViceChancellor ofAcademicAffairsattheUniversityofWisconsin–Madison.Sheistheauthor of TheDreamkeepers:SuccessfulTeachersofAfrican-AmericanChildren andformer presidentoftheAmericanEducationalResearchAssociation.
AudreLorde wasapoet,essayist,teacher,activist,andwriterdedicatedtoconfrontingandaddressingtheinjusticesofracism,sexism,andhomophobia.Her numerouswritingsinclude,amongothers: SisterOutsider;TheCancerJournals; FromaLandWhereOtherPeopleLive; and TheBlackUnicorn
GregoryMantsios isthedirectorofWorkerEducationatQueensCollege,the CityUniversityofNewYork.
TiffanyManuel isvicepresidentofKnowledge,Impact,andStrategyat EnterpriseCommunityPartners,anonprofitorganizationthatcreatesaffordable housingopportunitiesforlow-andmoderate-incomepeopleintheUnited States.
MarieFriedmannMarquardt isascholar-in-residenceattheCandlerSchool ofTheologyatEmoryUniversity.Sheisco-authorof Living “Illegal”:The HumanFaceofUnauthorizedImmigration.
PeggyMcIntosh isassociatedirectoroftheWellesleyCollegeCentersfor Women.Sheisthefounderandco-directoroftheNationalSEEDProjecton InclusiveCurriculum aprojectthathelpsteachersmakeschoolclimatesfairand equitable.Sheistheco-founderoftheRockyMountainWomen’sInstitute.
MichaelMessner isprofessorofsociologyandgenderstudiesattheUniversity ofSouthernCalifornia.Heistheauthorof It’sAllFortheKids:Gender,Families, andYouthSports;TakingtheField:Women,MenandSports; and PoliticsofMasculinities, amongothers.HeisarecipientoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociation’ s JessieBernardAward.
DougMeyer isvisitingassistantprofessorofsociologyandanthropologyatthe CollegeofWooster.Hisworkfocusesontherace,class,andgenderdynamicsof anti-queerviolence.
JodyMiller isprofessorintheSchoolofCriminalJusticeatRutgersUniversity. Amongotherpublications,sheistheauthorof GettingPlayed:AfricanAmerican Girls,UrbanInequality,andGenderedViolence.
AndreaMinear isassistantprofessorofelementaryeducationattheUniversity ofWestAlabama,Livingston.Heracademicandresearchinterestsincludesocial justiceandequityineducation.
AlfonsoMorales isassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofUrbanand RegionalPlanningattheUniversityofWisconsin–Madison.Hisworkexamines howurbanagriculture,fooddistribution,andcommunityandeconomic development.
JamesA.Morone isprofessorofpoliticalscienceatBrownUniversityandthe pastpresidentofthePoliticsandHistorySectionoftheAmericanPoliticalScienceAssociation.Hehaspublishednumerousbooksandessays,including Hellfire Nation:ThePoliticsofSininAmericanHistory (2003),whichwasnominatedfora PulitzerPrize.
SendhilMullainathan isprofessorofeconomicsatHarvardUniversity.Heis theco-founderofTheAbdulLatifJameelPovertyActionLabatMITthatuses randomizedevaluationstostudypovertyalleviation.Heistheco-authorof Scarcity:WhyHavingTooLittleMeansSoMuch.
CarolinaBankMuñoz isassociateprofessorofsociologyatBrooklynCollege. Sheistheauthorof TransnationalTortillas:Race,GenderandShop-FloorPoliticsin MexicoandtheUnitedStates, aswellasmanyotherpublications.
TimothyNoah isajournalistwhowritestwiceweeklyforMSNBC.com.Heis theauthorof TheGreatDivergence:America’sGrowingInequalityCrisisandWhat WeCanDoaboutIt.
C.J.Pascoe isassistantprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofOregon.She istheauthorof Dude,You’reaFag:MasculinityandSexualityinHighSchool, which wontheAmericanEducationalResearchAssociation’s2007BookoftheYear Award.
GinaM.Pérez isanassociateprofessorofcomparativeAmericanstudiesat OberlinCollege.ShestudiesLatinas/os,migration,andtransnationalismandis
theauthorof TheNearNorthwestSideStory:Migration,Displacement,andPuerto RicanFamilies.
BandanaPurkayastha isprofessorofsociologyandAsianAmericanstudiesat theUniversityofConnecticut.Sheistheauthorof NegotiatingEthnicity:SecondGenerationSouthAsianAmericansTraverseaTransnationalWorld.
DorothyRoberts istheGeorgeA.WeissUniversityProfessorofLawand SociologyandtheRaymondPaceandSadieTannerMossellAlexanderProfessor ofCivilRightsatUniversityofPennsylvaniaLawSchool.Sheisanacclaimed scholarofrace,gender,andthelaw,andauthorof KillingtheBlackBody:Race, ReproductionandtheMeaningofLiberty; and FatalIntervention:HowScience,Politics andBigBusinessRe-CreateRaceinthe21st Century, amongothers.
LillianB.Rubin livesandworksinSanFrancisco.Sheisaninternationally knownlecturerandwriter.Someofherbooksinclude TheManwiththeBeautiful Voice;TangledLives;TheTranscendentChild; and IntimateStrangers.
C.MatthewSnipp istheBurnetC.andMildredFinleyWohlfordProfessorof HumanitiesandSciencesintheDepartmentofSociologyatStanfordUniversity wherehefoundedtheCenterforNativeAmericanExcellence.Heistheauthor of AmericanIndians:TheFirstofThisLand; and PublicPolicyImpactsonAmerican IndianEconomicDevelopment. HistribalheritageisOklahomaCherokeeand Choctaw.
NatalieJ.Sokoloff isprofessoremeritaofsociologyattheJohnJayCollegeof CriminalJustice,SUNY.Sheisauthorofnumerousbooksandpublicationsabout intimatepartnerviolence,andwomenandmen’sincarceration.Sheistheeditorof DomesticViolenceattheMargins:ReadingsonRace,Class,Gender,andCulture.
TimothyJ.Steigenga isprofessorofpoliticalscienceandchairofthesocial sciencesandhumanitiesattheWilkesHonorsCollegeofFloridaAtlanticUniversity.Heistheauthorofnumerousbooksandpublications,including APlace toBe:Brazilian,Guatemalan,andMexicanImmigrantsinFlorida’sNewDestinations.
JesseA.Steinfeldt isassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofCounselingand EducationalPsychologyatIndianaUniversity,Bloomington.
MatthewClintSteinfeldt isalecturerinexercisescienceatFortLewisCollege inDurango,Colorado.
RonaldT.Takaki wasprofessorofethnicstudiesattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,anddistinguishedhistorianwhosescholarshipprovidedmuchof thefoundationforinclusivehistoricalstudies.Heauthoredseveralbooks,including IronCages:RaceandCulturein19thCenturyAmerica;StrangersfromaDifferent Shore:AHistoryofAsianAmericans; and ADifferentMirror:AHistoryofMulticulturalAmerica.
BeverlyTatum ispresidentofSpelmanCollege.Sheisaclinicalpsychologist, author,andteacherwhoseareasofresearchinterestincludeBlackfamiliesin
Whitecommunities,racialidentityinteens,andtheroleofraceintheclassroom.Sheistheauthorof CanWeTalkaboutRace?AndOtherConversationsin anEraofSchoolResegregation, and WhyAreAlltheBlackKidsSittingTogetherinthe Cafeteria?AndOtherConversationsaboutRace.
BhoomiK.Thakore isaresearchassociateatNorthwesternUniversity.Sheis theauthorofnumerouspapersonracialrepresentationsinthepopularmedia.
AnnTickamyer isprofessorandheadoftheDepartmentofAgriculturalEconomics,Sociology,andEducationatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.Herwork focusesonpoverty,livelihoodpractices,andwelfareprovisioninruralAppalachiaandIndonesia.
JeremiahTorres isagraduateofStanfordUniversity,wherehestudiedsymbolic systems.Hisarticle “LabelUsAngry” appearedinthebook AsianAmericanX, acollectionofessaysabouttheexperiencesofcontemporaryAsianAmericans.
Haunani-KayTrask isaHawaiianscholarandpoetandhasbeenanindigenous rightsactivistfortheNativeHawaiiancommunityforover25years.Sheisa formerprofessorofHawaiianStudiesattheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaand istheauthorofseveralbooksofpoetryandnonfiction.
DeborahR.Vargas isassociateprofessorofethnicstudiesanddirectorofgraduatestudiesintheDepartmentofEthnicStudiesatUniversityofCalifornia, Riverside.Sheisauthorof DissonantDivasinChicanaMusic:TheLimitsofLa Onda.
ManuelA.Vásquez isprofessorandchairofUniversityofFlorida’sReligion Department.Hehasauthorednumerousbooks,including MorethanBelief:A MaterialistTheoryofReligion. Heisaco-authorof Living “Illegal”:TheHuman FaceofUnauthorizedImmigration (2nd edition,2013).
MattVidal isseniorlecturerinworkandorganizationsatKing’sCollege, London.Hisareasofexpertiseincludethesociologyofwork,organizations, labormarkets,andcomparativepoliticaleconomy.
MaryC.Waters isM.E.ZukermanProfessorofSociologyandHarvardCollegeProfessoratHarvardUniversity.Sheistheauthorof BlackIdentities:West IndianImmigrantDreamsandAmericanRealities;EthnicOptions:ChoosingIdentities inAmerica; andnumerousarticlesonrace,ethnicity,andimmigration.
SandraE.Weissinger isassistantprofessorofsociologyattheSouthernIllinois UniversityEdwardsville.Herworkfocusesonintragroupmarginalization,inequalities,communityactivism,andAfricanAmericancommunitiesandinstitutions.
KathWeston isasociologicalanthropologistwhohaswrittenseveralbooks, including FamiliesWeChoose:Lesbians,Gays,andKinship;RenderMe,Gender Me;LongSlowBurn; and GenderinRealTimes.
ChristineL.Williams isaprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofTexasat Austin.Herresearchinterestsincludegenderandsexuality;work,occupations,
andorganizations;qualitativemethodology;andsociologicaltheory.Sheisthe authorof InsideToyland:Working,Shopping,andSocialInequality;StillaMan’s World:MenWhoDoWomen’sWork; and GenderDifferencesatWork:Womenand MeninNontraditionalOccupations.
DanaM.Williams isassistantprofessorofsociologyatValdostaStateUniversity.Hisworkfocusesonsocialinequalities,socialmovements,politicalsociology,andcomplexorganizations.
PhilipJ.Williams isprofessorofpoliticalscienceandLatinAmericanstudiesat UniversityofFloridawhereheisdirectoroftheCenterforLatinAmerican Studies.Heistheauthorof TheCatholicChurchandPoliticsinNicaraguaand CostaRica and MilitarizationandDemilitarizationinElSalvador’sTransitionto Democracy.
AdiaM.HarveyWingfield isanassociateprofessorofsociologyatGeorgia StateUniversity,specializinginrace,class,andgender,workandoccupations, andsocialtheory.Sheistheauthorof YesWeCan?WhiteRacialFramingand the2008PresidentialCampaign (withJoeFeagin)and DoingBusinesswithBeauty: BlackWomen,HairSalons,andtheRacialEnclaveEconomy.
JenniferWriggins isSumnerT.BernsteinProfessorofLawatUniversityof MaineSchoolofLaw.Shespecializesintorts,insurance,andfamilylawwitha focusonraceandgender.Sheisco-authorof TheMeasureofInjury:Race,Gender, andTortLaw.
RuthEnidZambrana isprofessorofwomen’sstudiesanddirectoroftheConsortiumonRace,Gender,andEthnicityattheUniversityofMaryland,College Park.Sheistheauthorof LatinosinAmericanSociety:FamiliesandCommunitiesin Transition andtheco-editorof EmergingIntersections:Race,Class,andGenderin Theory,Policy,andPractice.
MinZhou isprofessorofsociologyandAsianAmericanstudies,Walterand ShirleyWangEndowedChairinU.S.–ChinaRelationsandCommunications, andthefoundingchairoftheAsianAmericanStudiesDepartmentatUCLA. Sheistheauthorof Chinatown:TheSocioeconomicPotentialofanUrbanEnclave; TheTransformationofChineseAmerica; and ContemporaryChineseAmerica:Immigration,Ethnicity,andCommunityTransformation
WhyRace,Class,andGender StillMatter MARGARETL.ANDERSEN ANDPATRICIAHILLCOLLINS TheUnitedStatesisanationwherepeoplearesupposedtobeabletorise abovetheirorigins.Thosewhowanttosucceed,itisbelieved,candoso throughhardworkandsolideffort.Althoughequalityhashistoricallybeendenied tomany,thereisnowalegalframeworkinplacethatguaranteesprotectionfrom discriminationandequaltreatmentforallcitizens.
Historicsocialmovements,suchasthecivilrightsmovementandthe feministmovement,raisedpeople’sconsciousnessabouttherightsofAfrican Americansandwomen.Moreover,thesemovementshavegeneratednew opportunitiesformultiplegroups AfricanAmericans,Latinos,whitewomen, disabledpeople,lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgendered(LGBT)people,andolder people,tonamesomeofthegroupsthathavebeenbeneficiariesofcivilrights actionandlegislation.
WehavealsonowhadanAfricanAmericanpresident;gaysandlesbians increasinglyhavetherightstosame-sexmarriage;womensitinveryhigh places asSupremeCourtjusticesandCEOsofmajorcompanies;disabledpeoplehaverightsofaccesstoworkandschoolsandareprotectedunderfederal laws.ThevastmajorityofAmericans,whenasked,saythatsupportequalrights andnondiscriminationpolicies;indeed,over90percentsaytheywouldvotefor awomanaspresidentoftheUnitedStates(Strebetal.2008).Why,then,do race,class,andgenderstillmatter?
Race,class,andgenderstillmatterbecausetheycontinuetostructuresociety inwaysthatvaluesomelivesmorethanothers.Currently,somegroupshave moreopportunitiesandresources,whileothergroupsstruggle.Race,class,and gendermatterbecausetheyremainthefoundationsforsystemsofpowerand inequalitythat,despiteournation’sdiversity,continuetobeamongthemost significantsocialfactsofpeople’slives.Despitehavingremovedtheformalbarrierstoopportunity,theUnitedStatesisstillhighlyunequalalonglinesofrace, class,andgender.
Inthisbook,weaskstudentstothinkaboutrace,class,andgenderas systems ofpower. Wewanttoencouragereaderstoimaginewaystotransform,rather thanreproduce,existingsocialarrangements.Thisstartswithshiftingone’ s thinkingsothatgroupswhoaresooftensilencedorignoredbecomeheard.All socialgroupsarelocatedinasystemofpowerrelationshipswhereinyoursocial locationcanshapewhatyouknow andwhatothersknowaboutyou.Asa result,dominantformsofknowledgehavebeenconstructedlargelyfromthe experiencesofthemostpowerful thatis,thosewhohavethemostaccessto systemsofeducationandcommunication.Toacquireamoreinclusiveview onethatpaysattentiontogroupexperiencesthatmaydifferfromyourown requiresthatyouformanewframeofvision.
Youcanthinkofthisasifyouweretakingaphotograph.Foryears,poor people,women,andpeopleofcolor andespeciallypoorwomenofcolor weretotallyoutsidetheframeofvisionofmorepowerfulgroupsordistorted bytheviewsofthepowerful.Ifyoumoveyourangleofsighttoincludethose whohavebeenoverlooked,however,youmaybesurprisedbyhowincomplete orjustplainwrongyourearlierviewwas.Completelynewsubjectscanalso appear.Thisismorethanamatterofsharpeningone’sfocus,althoughthatis requiredforclarity.Instead,thisnewangleofvisionmeansactuallyseeingthings differently,perhapsevenchangingthelensyoulookthrough therebyremovingthefilters(orstereotypesandmisconceptions)thatyoubringtowhatyousee andthink.
DEVELOPINGARACE,CLASS, ANDGENDERPERSPECTIVE Inthisbook,weaskyoutothinkabouthowrace,class,andgendermatterin shapingeveryone’slivedexperiences.WefocusontheUnitedStates,butincreasinglytheinclusivevisionwepresentheremattersonaglobalscaleaswell.Thinkingfromaperspectivethatengagesrace,class,andgenderisnotjustabout