Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience
An Introduction to Biological Psychology 4th Edition Freberg Test Bank
Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow nload/discovering-behavioral-neuroscience-an-introduction-to-biological-psychology-4 th-edition-freberg-test-bank/
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 06
1. Light is entering George’s eye and is being converted to neural signals by the cells in his retina in a process called ____. When George realizes that what he is looking at is a red car, he is using a process called ______.
a. sensation; perception
b. perception; sensation
c. conscious; unconscious
d. natural; supernatural
ANSWER: a
2. The transformation of sensory stimuli into neural signals in any of the sensory systems is called ________.
a. sensation
b. interpolation
c. perception
d. transduction
ANSWER: d
3. The process of translating sensory information into action potentials is known as
a. transduction.
b. translation.
c. absorption.
d. the dark current.
ANSWER: a
4. serves as an important gateway to perception.
a. Attention
b. Learning
c. Memory
d. Reflexive behavior
ANSWER: a
5. The amplitude of a light wave is encoded as _____________, while the wavelength of a light wave is encoded as ___________________.
a. brightness; color
b. color; brightness
c. saturation; reflection
d. hue; saturation
ANSWER: a
6. Mariah will interpret small amplitude waves of light as a. dim.
b. bright.
c. red.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
d. purple.
ANSWER: a
7. Photons
a. may be divided into smaller particles.
b. possess constant amounts of energy.
c. always travel at the same speed.
d. are too small to impact the visual systems of animals.
ANSWER: c
8. Electromagnetic radiation
a. does not really exist.
b. can be described as the movement of tiny indivisible particles called photons.
c. is made up of tiny particles called electromagnetons.
d. describes only the type of energy that is visible to the human eye.
ANSWER: b
9. Among the advantages of light as a stimulus is the fact that light
a. passes through any medium.
b. is absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere.
c. does not travel in straight lines.
d. travels very quickly.
ANSWER: d
10. Francesca is working on a project where she was tasked to design a hypothetical new visual system. She suggested that the visual system detect ultraviolet (UV) light. Why might this be a bad idea?
a. It passes through objects rather than reflecting from them.
b. It is too abundant at the surface of the earth.
c. Most UV light is blocked by the earth’s atmosphere.
d. It travels at too slow a speed.
ANSWER: c
11. Jerold is working on a project where he was tasked to design a hypothetical new visual system. He suggested that the visual system detect microwaves. Why might this be a bad idea?
a. Most longer wavelengths are blocked by the earth’s atmosphere.
b. They travel at too slow a speed.
c. They are too abundant at the earth’s surface to be useful in vision.
d. Longer wavelengths penetrate objects instead of being reflected from them.
ANSWER: d
12. The range of electromagnetic energy visible to humans falls between nm.
Copyright
Name: Class: Date: Chapter 06
a. 400 and 700
b. 100 and 600
c. 700 and 1,000
d. 1,000 and 10,000
ANSWER: a
13. Within the visible light spectrum, shorter wavelengths are perceived as_________, whereas longer wavelengths are perceived as _________.
a. red; violet and blue
b. violet and blue; red
c. yellow; blue and blue
d. red; green
ANSWER: b
14. Sarah is in charge of lighting for a school play, and she must find the right “gel,” or color filter, to produce a light with a wavelength of about 680 nm. When used on stage, the light will look
a. violet.
b. green.
c. yellow.
d. red.
ANSWER: d
15. The color of an object that a human sees is a function of the wavelengths that are the object.
a. refracted by
b. absorbed by
c. reflected by
d. passed through
ANSWER: c
16. A sweater looks blue because it has properties that
a. reflect short wavelengths while absorbing longer wavelengths.
b. reflect long wavelengths while absorbing shorter wavelengths.
c. refract short wavelengths while absorbing longer wavelengths.
d. refract long wavelengths while absorbing shorter wavelengths.
ANSWER: a
17. The double pupils in each eye of Anableps anableps allows the fish to overcome distortions of light in both water and air caused by
a. refraction.
b. reflection.
c. absorption.
Copyright
Name:
d. both reflection and absorption.
ANSWER: a
18. Based on the placement of the human eye, we should probably be classified as
a. primarily a prey species.
b. primarily a predator species.
c. both a prey and a predator species.
d. neither a prey nor a predator species.
ANSWER: b
19. Which of the following features do NOT contribute to the protection of the human eye?
a. the bony orbits
b. tears
c. the placement of the eyes toward the front
d. blinking
ANSWER: c
20. The reason we do not perceive our eye blinks as “blackouts” might be that
a. blinks happen too quickly to be perceived by the cerebral cortex.
b. during a blink, the visual cortex is deactivated.
c. we learn to ignore these interruptions in visual input.
d. during a blink, areas of the brain involved with consciousness become less active.
ANSWER: d
21. Nyla is shedding tears because she is sad. Willow is shedding tears because she is cutting an onion. Nyla’s tears contain than Willow’s tears.
a. more hormones
b. more glucose
c. less water
d. less salt
ANSWER: a
22. Marybeth is in pain because she scratched the white, tough outer covering of her eye called the
a. fovea.
b. iris.
c. sclera.
d. cornea.
ANSWER: c
23. Which of the following structures is actually a clear extension of the sclera?
a. the fovea
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page
Name:
b. the macula
c. the lens
d. the cornea
ANSWER: d
24. The cornea obtains nutrients from
a. its own blood supply.
b. the aqueous humor.
c. the vitreous humor.
d. the blood supply of the iris.
ANSWER: b
25. The cornea and lens both remain clear, because
a. they consist of special proteins found only in the eye.
b. we habituate to the sight of their blood vessels.
c. neither has a blood supply.
d. their blood vessels contain clear plasma only.
ANSWER: c
26. Professor MacLeod is lecturing on the parts of the eye. He tells the class that the aqueous humor is found in the
a. anterior chamber.
b. vitreous chamber.
c. cornea.
d. lens.
ANSWER: a
27. Courtney suffered a corneal abrasion on one eye after she fell asleep with her hard contact lenses in place. When she asked her physician what to expect from her injury, the physician told her that
a. she would no longer be able to see from that eye.
b. she would need painkillers, as the cornea has a high density of pain receptors.
c. she wouldn’t need any pain medication, because the cornea lacks pain reception.
d. her monocular depth perception would no longer function normally.
ANSWER: b
28. Nick’s grandfather has just been diagnosed with glaucoma and was told by his doctor that this condition results from a blockage of fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye. Based on Nick’s understanding of the anatomy of the eye, he was able to tell his grandfather that the blockage involves his
a. vitreous humor, which circulates around the cornea and lens.
b. aqueous humor, which circulates around the cornea and lens.
c. vitreous humor, located in the main chamber of the eyeball.
d. aqueous humor, located in the main chamber of the eyeball.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
Name:
ANSWER: b
29. Blaine just drove from outside where it was bright into a dark tunnel. When he entered the tunnel, his pupils
a. did not change at all.
b. got smaller (less open).
c. got bigger (more open).
d. quickly got bigger and then got smaller and stayed that way.
ANSWER: c
30. Vernita has brown eyes and her husband has green eyes. Their eyes differ in color mostly due to the
a. thickness of their corneas.
b. number of blood vessels in the cornea.
c. amount of melanin in the iris.
d. number of blood vessels in the retina.
ANSWER: c
31. Professor Toomer tells his class that all of the following influence eye color except
a. the amount of melanin in the iris.
b. reflection of light by the blood vessels and tissue in the iris.
c. absorption of light by the blood vessels and tissue in the iris.
d. the thickness of the cornea.
ANSWER: d
32. Ashley’s mother woke up one morning seeing rings of flashing light in one eye. Her doctor diagnosed the event as a “vitreous detachment.” Although Ashley was unfamiliar with this condition until she looked it up in her search engine, she was able to tell her mother that it probably involved
a. the pigmented tissue at the back of the eye that supports the photoreceptors.
b. a blockage of the tear ducts at the outer upper corner of the eye.
c. the fluid located in the main interior chamber of the eyeball.
d. the fluid located in the secondary anterior chamber of the eyeball.
ANSWER: c
33. The lens obtains its nutrients from
a. its own blood supply.
b. the aqueous humor.
c. the vitreous humor.
d. the blood supply of the iris.
ANSWER: b
34. The process of adjusting focus when looking at objects close up or at a distance is known as a. accommodation.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
Name:
b. assimilation.
c. transduction.
d. lateral inhibition.
ANSWER: a
35. Amber’s mom is in her mid-40s, and she’s starting to complain about how long it takes her to see well when she shifts her vision from the speedometer of her car to the road ahead of her. It is likely that Amber’s mom is experiencing agerelated deficits in the ability of her lens to
a. assimilate.
b. accommodate.
c. transduce.
d. laterally inhibit.
ANSWER: b
36. The major interior chamber of the eye is known as the chamber.
a. anterior
b. aqueous
c. vitreous
d. macular
ANSWER: c
37. The aqueous and vitreous humors differ in that the
a. aqueous humor is replenished and the vitreous humor is not.
b. vitreous humor is replenished and the aqueous humor is not.
c. aqueous humor nourishes the cornea, whereas the vitreous humor nourishes the lens.
d. vitreous humor nourishes the cornea, whereas the aqueous humor nourishes the lens.
ANSWER: a
38. Relative to the actual image being viewed, the image reflected on the retina of the eye is
a. identical in its spatial orientation.
b. slightly elongated.
c. right side up and reversed.
d. upside down and reversed.
ANSWER: d
39. Before reaching the photoreceptors, light must pass through the
a. retinal epithelium.
b. optic disk.
c. vitreous humor and several layers of neurons.
d. vitreous humor, blood vessels, and several layers of neurons.
ANSWER: d
Copyright
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 06
40. We do not see the blood vessels and neurons that lie in front of the photoreceptors because
a. the visual system does not respond much to stimuli that never change.
b. these structures are made of special proteins whose fibers make them transparent.
c. they are blocked by the vitreous humor.
d. they lie behind the lens and cornea.
ANSWER: a
41. Blood vessels and axons forming the optic nerve enter and exit the eye at the
a. optic disk.
b. macula.
c. fovea.
d. temporal retina.
ANSWER: a
42. Professor Gasaway tells her class that humans have a blind spot in each eye because of the
a. fovea.
b. optic disk.
c. macula.
d. rods.
ANSWER: b
43. When Tana stares directly at an object, the light from that object is projected onto the center of her
a. optic disk.
b. anterior chamber.
c. sclera.
d. macula.
ANSWER: d
44. The small pit within the macula, specialized for detailed vision, is known as the
a. optic disk.
b. epithelium.
c. fovea.
d. inner plexiform layer.
ANSWER: c
45. The fovea contains only
a. rods in all animals.
b. cones in all animals.
c. rods in primates.
d. cones in primates.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page
Name:
ANSWER: d
46. The layer of pigmented cells supporting the photoreceptors in the retina and absorbing random light is known as the
a. macula.
b. epithelium.
c. fovea.
d. ganglion layer.
ANSWER: b
47. The “red eye” that appears in some flash photography results from the
a. distortion of the eye’s color by the aqueous and vitreous humors.
b. scattering of light from the iris of the eye.
c. reflection from the red epithelium behind the retina.
d. rich blood supply of the retina.
ANSWER: d
48. The axons of which type of cell form the optic nerve?
a. bipolar
b. amacrine
c. ganglion
d. horizontal
ANSWER: c
49. The cell bodies of bipolar, amacrine, and horizontal cells are located in the layer.
a. inner nuclear
b. outer nuclear
c. inner plexiform
d. outer plexiform
ANSWER: a
50. The type of retinal cells indicated by #3 in the given image are cells.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9
Name:
(see Figure 6.1)
a. ganglion
b. horizontal
c. bipolar
d. amacrine
ANSWER: d
51. The dendrites of ganglion cells form connections with the amacrine and bipolar cells in the layer.
a. inner nuclear
b. outer nuclear
c. inner plexiform
d. outer plexiform
ANSWER: c
52. Bipolar cells form connections with horizontal cells and photoreceptors in the layer.
a. inner nuclear
b. outer nuclear
c. inner plexiform
d. outer plexiform
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Name:
Chapter 06
ANSWER: d
53. Bing has had a stroke that affected an area of his brain that serves his macula, including the foveas of both eyes. What should you expect his vision to be like?
a. He will be totally blind.
b. He will be able to see only what is exactly in front of him.
c. He will be able to see only what is in his peripheral visual area.
d. He will be able to see color but not movement.
ANSWER: c
54. Cell bodies of the photoreceptors are located in the area.
a. inner nuclear
b. outer nuclear
c. inner plexiform
d. outer plexiform
ANSWER: b
55. Photoreceptors absorb light in their
a. axons.
b. dendrites.
c. outer segments.
d. inner segments.
ANSWER: c
56. Professor Crass tells her students that each human eye contains around million rods.
a. 3
b. 50
c. 100
d. 150
ANSWER: c
57. Rods contain which of the following photopigments?
a. rhodopsin
b. cyanolabe
c. chlorolabe
d. erythrolabe
ANSWER: a
58. Renetta’s vision is the result of activity of her rods that respond to light.
a. scotopic; dim
b. scotopic; bright
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11
Name:
c. photopic; dim
d. photopic; bright
ANSWER: a
59. Compared with photopic vision, scotopic vision is
a. highly sensitive to light and color.
b. less sensitive to light and color.
c. highly sensitive to light but not detail.
d. highly sensitive to detail but not light.
ANSWER: c
60. Gary’s physician warned him that changes in his vision made it too dangerous for him to drive his car anymore after dark, although he would be perfectly safe during the daytime. Gary is probably experiencing deficits in his
a. color vision.
b. retinal disparity.
c. photopic vision.
d. scotopic vision.
ANSWER: d
61. Jessica’s vision is 20/20, but her friend Joshua needs to wear glasses to correct for his 20/200 vision. Without his glasses, Joshua sees as much detail in objects that are 20 feet away from him as Jessica sees in objects that are feet away from her.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 200
d. 2,000
ANSWER: c
62. Chong is looking at the fine details of a beautiful painting in an art gallery. Most likely, he is relying on his that give him vision to stare at the picture.
a. rods; scotopic
b. cones; scotopic
c. rods; photopic
d. cones; photopic
ANSWER: d
63. Professor Savedra tells his class that the human eye contains around million cones.
a. 3
b. 100
c. 150
d. 300
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12
64. Cones are responsible for vision, which refers to our ability to see in light.
a. scotopic; dim
b. scotopic; bright
c. photopic; dim
d. photopic; bright
ANSWER: d
65. Moving from the fovea to the outer margins of the retina,
a. rods and cones are evenly distributed.
b. the concentration of rods decreases and the concentration of cones increases.
c. the concentration of cones decreases and the concentration of rods increases.
d. rods and cones are concentrated in distinct clusters.
ANSWER: c
66. The periphery of the retina is superior to the center for viewing
a. colorful objects in bright light.
b. black and white objects in bright light.
c. objects in fine detail in dim light.
d. objects with less detail in dim light.
ANSWER: d
67. On a night patrol with his platoon, Charles has been ordered to watch a house through night vision goggles and notify his commander when the front door opens. Suddenly his night vision goggles malfunction. Until he can figure out how to readjust them, he will see the door opening best if he
a. continues to look straight ahead at the door, focusing light on his foveas.
b. continues to look straight ahead at the door to use his scotopic vision.
c. focuses on a point to the left or right of the door in order to use his scotopic vision.
d. focuses on a point to the left or right of the door in order to use his photopic vision.
ANSWER: c
68. As they walked on the beach on a starry night, Louise complimented her friend Josh on the color of his new sweater. It is most likely that Louise
a. saw the sweater earlier under brighter light, because she would be unable to see its color in the dark.
b. might not like the color of the sweater as well when she sees it under brighter light, because color vision in the dark is more reddish.
c. can see the color of the sweater perfectly well, as color vision is excellent even in starlight conditions.
d. possibly has a color deficiency, resulting in her “seeing” a color that she shouldn’t be able to see at night.
ANSWER: a
69. While you are reading this test, your vision is most active because of activity in your _________.
a. photopic; fovea
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13