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‫ﮐﺎت‬ ‫ھﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫وﺗﻮو‬‫رﮐ‬‫ﮑﯽ ﺳ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﮐ‬

THE MINARET

‫ﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﺪات‬‫ﻧﺎﺑﯽ ﺋ‬

Great

wall of China

‫ورەی ﭼﯿﻦ‬‫دﯾﻮاری ﮔ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻦ ﻧ‬

‫ﻓﺮۆ‬

NOT FOR SALE

‫ﺑﯚ‬

Erbil Information OCT 2015 No:03

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YOUTHFUL

energetic MAGNIFICENT OUTCOME

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COVER STORY

THE MINARET

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he minaret was built in1190 by Muzaffar al-Din Abu Sa'eed al Kawkaboori, the king of Arbil. Excavations conducted by the Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities in 1960, and in 1980, have uncovered the foundations of a large mosque to the southeast of the minaret. disproving the previously held belief that the minaret was part of the madras built by the same donor. The minaret is composed of a high octagonal base and a tall cylindrical shaft, with a balcony located between the base and the shaft. It is built of baked bricks. The base is decorated with two tiers of niches with pointed

04 VIP PAGE

Erbil - 800 Years old Minaret Date 1190- Style/ Period Seljuk Century 12th

arches, two on each of the eight faces that are inscribed in rectangular frames. The balcony parapet is carved with twenty-four small niches.

The access door to the minaret steps is on the eastern side of the octagonal base and leads top the balcony.

From there a small door gives access to steps inside the cylindrical shaft that led to the second balcony now collapsed.

The shaft tapers inward and is decorated with several bands of interlocking diagonal HazarBaf motifs that are separated with thin bands.

THE MINARET

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inare 1190 yılında Erbil Kralı Muzaffar al-Din Abu Sa'eed al Kawkaboori (Gökböri) tarafından yaptırılmıştır.1960 ve 1980 yıllarında Irak Eski Eserlar müdürlüğünce yürütülen kazılarda, minarenin güney doğusunda, ait olduğu büyük caminin parçası olan medresenin temelleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Minare, şerefe’ye kadar yükselen sekizgen bir tabana oturtulmuş, şerefe’den itibaren çatısına kadar silindirik olarak yükselmektedir. Yapı pişmiş tuğladan inşa edilmiştir. Tabandan şerefeye kadar uzanan yüksek sekizgen bölümde, her yüzde olmak üzere dikdörtgenin içinde yer alan sivri kemerli iki kattan oluşan nişlerle süslenmiştir. Şerefe korkuluğu boyunca yine her yüzde olmak üzere yuvarlak kemerli yirmi dört adet niş işlenmiştir. Şerefeye ulaşım kapısı minarenin doğusunda bulunmaktadır.

Ayrıca bu kapı yıkılmış olan ikinci şerefeye ulaşım merdivenlerine çıkmayı sağlamaktadır. Birinci Şerefe katında sonra minarenin dış yüzeyi, birbirinden ince bantlarla ayrılmış, içe doğru daralan diyagonal Hazar-Baf motifleriyle süslenmiştir.

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‫پ ‪ /‬ﭼﻪﻧﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﯿﻮﺗﺎﻧﻪ ﺋﺎﻣﺎﻧﺠﻪﻛﻪﺗﺎن ﺑﭙ‪‬ﻜﻦ ؟‬ ‫و ‪ /‬ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻰ ﺋﻪم ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺋﻪوهﯾﻪ ﻛﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﮫﺎن دهدر‪‬ﺖ ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى و‪‬ت ﻟﻪ چ ﺋﺎﺳـــﺘ‪‬ﻜﺪاﯾﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫و ﺋﻪم ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪش ﻛﻪ د‪‬ﻦ دﯾﺮاﺳــــــــــــــﻪﺗﻰ ﺧﯚﯾﺎن‬ ‫دهﻛﻪن و ھﻪ‪‬ﺴـــﻪﻧﮕﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﯚ ﺟﯚﻟﻪى ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى و ﻛ‪‬ﯾﻦ و‬ ‫ﻓﺮۆﺷـــــــــــــــﺘﻦ ﻟﻪ و‪‬ﺗﺪا دهﻛﻪن و ﺑﻪڕاﭘﯚرت دهﻧ‪‬ﺮن ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺳﻪروى ﺧﯚﯾﺎن‪ .‬ﺳﺎ‪‬ﻧﻪ ﺋﻪم ﭘ‪‬ﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫زﯾﺎﺗـــــــﺮ و ﮔﻪورهﺗــــــــﺮ دهﺑﻦ ﺋﻪم ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﻧﻪى ﻛﻪ د‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ھﻪﻣﻮوﯾﺎن وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﻪرن ﺗﻮاﻧﺎى ﭘـــــــــــ‪‬ۆژهى ﮔﻪورهﯾﺎن‬ ‫ھﻪﯾﻪ و ﺟﻮﻟﻪﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﮔﻪوره دروﺳــــــــــــــــــــﺖ دهﻛﻪن ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزاڕهﻛﺎﻧﻰ ھﻪرﯾﻤﻰ ﻛﻮردﺳــــــﺘﺎن و ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق ﻟﻪﮔﻪڵ و‪‬ﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﯿﺎﻧـﯿـﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﺪا‪ .‬ﺑﻪد‪‬ـﻨـﯿﺎﯾـﯿﻪوهش ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرﯾــﯿﺎن ھﻪﯾﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳـﻪر ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺧﯚﻣﺎن ﺑﯚ وهرﮔﺮﺗﻨﻰ زاﻧﯿﺎرى ﻟﻪﺳــﻪر‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻛﻨﯚﻟﯚژﯾﺎى ﻧﻮێ ﻟﻪ ﺟﯿﮫﺎن و ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﺋﺎﺳﺎن‬ ‫دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻪﮔﻪ‪‬ﯿﺎﻧﺪا‪ ،‬و زۆرﺑﻪى ﺋﻪم ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﮔــــﺮﻧﮕﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ ﺑﺎزاڕهﻛﺎﻧـــــــــــــــــــــﻰ ﺧﯚﻣﺎن‪ ،‬ھﻪروهھﺎ ﺋﻪم‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻪﯾﺎﻣ‪‬ﻜﻰ زۆر ﺑﺎش ﺳــﻪﺑﺎرهت ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻗﺎﻣﮕﯿﺮى ﺋﺎﺳﺎﯾﺸﻰ ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن دهدهن ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﮫﺎن ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ رووى ﺋ‪‬ﻜﻮﻧﯚﻣﯿﯿﻪوه زۆر ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫پ ‪ /‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت ﭼﻪﻧﺪ زهﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳـــــﺎزه و ﺋ‪‬ﻮه‬ ‫وهﻛﻮ ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﭼﻪﻧﺪ ﺗ‪‬ﺪا ﺳﻮودﻣﻪﻧﺪن؟‬ ‫و ‪ /‬ﺋ‪‬ﻤﻪ ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﻪﻛـــــﻰ وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﻪرﯾﻦ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫د‪‬ـﯿﻦ و ﻛﯚﻣـﭙﺎﻧـﯿﺎ ﻟﻪﮔﻪڵ ﺧﯚﻣﺎن دهھـ‪‬ــﻨــﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﻧﺠﻤﺎن ﺋﻪوهﯾﻪ ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪى ﺑﻪردهوام ﺑـ‪‬ﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻮان ﻛﻮردﺳــــــــــــــــﺘﺎن و و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪﺗﻰ ھﻪر‪‬ﻢ ﭘﺸــــﺘﮕﯿﺮى دهﻛﺎت ﺑﻪ‪‬م ھ‪‬ﺸــــﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴـــــــــــــــﺘﻪ زۆرﺗﺮ ھﺎوﻛﺎر ﺑﻦ‪ ،‬داواش دهﻛﻪﯾﻦ زﯾﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﮔــﺮﻧﮕـــﻰ ﭘ‪‬ﺒﺪهن ﭼﻪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺳﺎﻧﻜﺎرى زﯾﺎﺗﺮ ﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫د‪‬ﻨﯿﺎﯾﯿﻪوه ﭘﺎرهى زﯾﺎﺗـــﺮ‬ ‫دهھـــ‪‬ـــﻨﻦ ﺑﯚ ھﻪر‪‬ﻢ و‬ ‫ﻛﺎر زۆرﺗﺮ دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻰ ﺋﻪم ﭘ‪‬ﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪوهﯾﻪ ﻛﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﺸﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﯿﮫﺎن‬ ‫دهدهر‪‬ﺖ ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى و‪‬ت‬ ‫ﻟﻪ چ ﺋﺎﺳﺘ‪‬ﻚ داﯾﻪ ‪ ,‬وﺋﻪم‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪش ﻛﻪ د‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫دﯾﺮاﺳﻪﺗﻰ ﺧﯚﯾﺎن دهﻛﻪن و‬ ‫ھﻪ‪‬ﺴﻪﻧﮕﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﯚ ﺟﻮﻟﻪى‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى و ﻛ‪‬ﯾﻦ و ﻓﺮۆﺷﻦ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫و‪‬ﺗﺪا دهﻛﻪن و ﺑﻪڕاﭘﯚرت‬ ‫دهﻧ‪‬ﺮن ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪروى ﺧﯚﯾﺎن‪.‬‬

‫ﺋ‪‬ﻤﻪ ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ‬ ‫وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﻪرﯾﻦ ﺋﯿﻤﻪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫د‪‬ﯿﻦ و ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻟﻪﮔﻪڵ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻣﺎن د‪‬ﻨﯿﻦ ﺋﺎﻣﺎﻧﺠﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﺋﻪوهﯾﻪ ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪى‬ ‫ﺑﻪردهوام ﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻪﻧ‪‬ﻮان‬ ‫ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن و ‪‬ﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﺪا‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪﺗﻰ ھﻪر‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﮕﯿﺮى دهﻛﺎت ﺑﻪ‪‬م‬ ‫ھ‪‬ﺸﺘﺎ ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴﺘﻪ زۆرﺗﺮ‬ ‫ھﺎوﻛﺎرﺑﻦ‪ ,‬داواش دهﻛﻪﯾﻦ‬ ‫زﯾﺎﺗﺮ ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻰ ﭘ‪‬ﺒﺪهن ﭼﻪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺳﺎﻧﻜﺎرى زﯾﺎﺗﺮ ﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫د‪‬ﻨﯿﺎﯾﻪوه ﭘﺎرهى زﯾﺎﺗﺮ د‪‬ﻨﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ ھﻪر‪‬ﻢ وﺋﯿﺶ زۆرﺗﺮ‬ ‫دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Erbil‬‬ ‫‪International‬‬ ‫‪Exhibition‬‬ ‫پ ‪ /‬ﻟﻪم ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎﯾﻪدا ﭼﻪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﻪﺷـــــــــﺪارن و ﭼﻪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯿﻦ؟‬ ‫‪ ٩٨‬ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﻪﺷــــــــﺪارن ﻛﻪ ‪٪١٠‬‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻣﺎ‪‬ــــــــــﯿﻦ و ﺋﻪواﻧﻪى دﯾﻜﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭼــــﻮارده و‪‬ت ھﺎﺗــــﻮوﻧﻪ وهﻛــــﻮ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣـــﺮﯾﻜﺎ و ‪ ٣‬و‪‬ﺗــــﻰ ﺋﻪوروﭘﺎ و ‪٤‬‬ ‫و‪‬ﺗﻰ ﺋﺎﺳــﯿﺎ وهﻛﻮ ھﯿﻨﺪﺳـــﺘﺎن و‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻦ و ﻣﺎﻟﯿـــﺰﯾﺎ و ﭼﻪﻧﺪ و‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻜــــﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻪرهﺑـــــــــــﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬ﺠﮕﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺋﻮردن و‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﺮان و ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ و ﺗﻮرﻛﯿﺎ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﯿﺸـــﻪ ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎى‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﺴـــــﯚﻧﮓ وهﻛﻮ ﺳﭙﯚﻧﺴـــــﻪر ﺑﻪﺷﺪارﺑﻮوه ﻛﻪ ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﯾﻪﻛﻪم ﺟﺎره ھﺎﺗﯚﺗﻪ ﻋ‪‬ـﺮاق ﻛﻪ ﺋﻪﻣﻪش ھﻪﻧﮕﺎو‪‬ﻜــﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫پ ‪ /‬دوا وﺗﻪﺗﺎن ﺑﯚ ﺋ‪‬ﻜﻮﻧﯚﻣﻰ ﻣﻪﮔﻪزﯾﻦ ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﯾﻪﻛﻪم ﺑﯿﻨﯿﻨﺪا ﮔﯚﭬﺎرى ﺋﯿﻜﯚﻧﯚﻣﻰ ﮔﯚﭬﺎر‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺑﺎش‬ ‫دﯾﺎره و ھﯿﻮادارم ﻟﻪداھﺎﺗﻮودا زﯾﺎﺗــﺮ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﻛﺎرهﻛﺎﻧــﻰ‬ ‫ﻓـــﺮاوان ﺑﻜﺎت و ﺧـــﺰﻣﻪت ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪرﺗـــﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﺑﻜﺎت و‬ ‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﺳﺘﺎن دهﻛﻪم‪.‬‬

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‫ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻰ ﭘ‪‬ﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎى ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪھ‪‬ﺰﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﻧﯿﺸﺘﻤﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎى ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗﻰ داھﺎﺗ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﮔﺮﻧﮓ ﺑﯚ و‪‬ت و ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪو ﺷﺎرهى ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎﻛﻪى ﺳﺎزﻛﺮدووه ﮔ‪‬ﺪهداﺗﻪوه‪ ،‬ﺳﻪرﻛﻪوﺗﻨﻰ ﺳﺎزداﻧﻰ ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴــﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ھﻮﻧﻪر‪‬ﻜﻰ راﮔﻪﯾﺎﻧﺪﻧﻰ ﺑﻪھ‪‬ﺰ و ھ‪‬ﺰى ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪﯾﯿﻪ ﮔﺸـــﺘﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎن و‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﻛﺎرﮔ‪‬ﺮى ﺑﻪﺗﻪﻛﻨﯿﻜ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺋﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﻪرز ھﻪﯾﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪھﻪﻣﺎن ﻛﺎﺗﯿﺸـــــــــــــــﺪا‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴـــﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺮاﺳﻪﺗﻜﺮدﻧﻰ ﺑﻪﺑﺎزارﻛﺮدﻧ‪‬ﻜﻰ راﮔﻪﯾﺎﻧﺪﻧﻜﺎرى و ﻧﻪرم و ﻧﯿﺎﻧﯿﯿﻪك‬ ‫ﺑﯚ ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــﺎﻧﮕﺎ و ﻛ‪‬ﯾﺎر ھﻪﯾﻪ‪ .‬ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎى ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗﻰ ﻟﻪو و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎزدهدر‪‬ﻦ و‬ ‫ﺳــــﻪرﻛﻪوﺗﻮوﺗﺮ دهﺑﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎوهﻧﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮوری و ﺳــــﯿﺎﺳــــﻪﺗ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺳـــــﻪﻗﺎﻣﮕﯿﺮن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮدﻧﻪوهى ﺋﻪم ﺟﯚره ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــــــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﯚره ﺋﺎﺳﺎﻧﻜﺎرﯾﯿﻪك ﺑﯚ وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﻪر و‬ ‫ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎن‪ ،‬ﺑﺎزاڕﻛــــﺮدن‪ ،‬ﻛﺎرﮔﻪﻛﺎن‪ ،‬ﻛـــــ‪‬ﯾﺎرهﻛﺎن دهﻛﺎت‪ ،‬ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪوهى ﺑﻪﺧ‪‬ـــــﺮاﯾـــــﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺘﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺧﯚﯾﺎن ﺗ‪‬ﺪا ﺑﺪۆزﻧﻪوه و ﺋﺎﮔﺎدارى ھﻪﻣﻮو ﻧﻮ‪‬ﻜﺎرى و‬ ‫داواﻛﺎرﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺎزاڕ ﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪﻛﻪﯾﺸـــﻰ ﺳﻮود‪‬ﻜﻰ ﮔﺸــــﺘﯿﯿﻪ ﺑﯚ ھﻪﻣﻮوﯾﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪواﺗﺎ ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎى ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗﻰ ﮔﯚرهﭘﺎﻧ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻪ ﺑﯚ ﺑﻪﯾﻪك ﮔﻪﯾﺸـــــــــﺘﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ) ﻧﺎوﺧﯚﯾــﻰ و ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎن ( و دهزﮔﺎ ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎن و ﻛـــ‪‬ﯾﺎرهﻛﺎن ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزدان و ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺴــﺘﻨﻰ ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــﺎﻧﮕﺎ ﺑﻪﺷﺪار دهﺑﻦ و ھﻪ‪‬ﺪهﺳﺘﻦ ﺑﻪﺧﺴـــﺘﻨﻪڕووى‬ ‫دواﯾﯿﻦ ﺷــﻤﻪك و ﻛﺎ‪ ‬و ﺑﻪرھﻪﻣﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪوهى ﺧﻮاﺳـــﺘﻰ ﻛ‪‬ﯾﺎرهﻛﺎن داﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪن‪ .‬ﺋﻪم ﻛﺎرهش ﭘﺎره و ﺳــــــــــــــــﺎﻣﺎﻧ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﮔﻪوره ﺑﯚ و‪‬ت داﺑﯿﻦ دهﻛﺎت‪ .‬ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ھﻪرﯾﻤﻰ ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪت ﺷﺎرى ھﻪوﻟ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﻧﻪ ﭼﻪﻧﺪﯾﻦ ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــــــــــــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎى‬ ‫ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗﻰ ﺟﯚراوﺟﯚر ﺳــﺎز دهﻛﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﭼﻪﻧﺪﯾﻦ ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ) ﻧﺎوﺧﯚﯾﻰ و ﺑﯿﺎﻧﻰ ( و‬ ‫دهزﮔﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺪا ﺑﻪﺷﺪار دهﺑﻦ‪ .‬ﻟﻪ دواﯾﯿﻦ ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎى ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗﻰ ھﻪوﻟ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﯚ ﺋﺎﻣ‪‬ﺮه‬ ‫ﺳــــﺎردﻛﻪر و ﮔﻪرم ﻛﻪرهوهﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ ‪١٠‬ﺗﺎﻛﻮ ‪ ١٣/٦/٢٠١٥‬ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎى ‪ELANEXPO‬‬ ‫ﭘ‪ ‬ھﻪﺳـﺘﺎﺑﻮو‪ ،‬ﺋ‪‬ﻜﻮﻧﯚﻣﻰ ﻣﻪﮔﻪزﯾﻦ ﺗ‪‬ﺪا ﺑﻪﺷـﺪار ﺑﻮو ﺑﻪ ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳـﺘﻰ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎﻧﺪن و‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺘﻨﻪڕووى ژﻣﺎره ﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﮔﯚﭬﺎرهﻛﻪى‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ھﻪﻣﺎن ﻛﺎﺗﯿﺸـﺪا ﺋ‪‬ﻤﻪ وهﻛﻮ ﺳﺘﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﻜﻮﻧﯚﻣﻰ ﻣﻪﮔﻪزﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴـــــﺘﻤﺎن زاﻧﻰ روﻣﺎ‪‬ﯽ ﭼﺎﻻﻛﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎى‬ ‫ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗــــﻰ ھﻪوﻟ‪‬ــــﺮ ﺑﻜﻪﯾﻦ‪ .‬ﻟﻪﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪى روﻣﺎ‪‬ﻜــــﺮدﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪا ﭼﺎوﻣﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪڕ‪‬ـــــﺰ‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﺤﺴــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎن ﺗﻮﺗﻨﭽﻰ ﺑﻪڕ‪‬ﻮهﺑﻪرى ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎى ‪ELANEXPO‬ﻛﻪوت و ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دهرﻓﻪﺗﻤﺎن زاﻧﻰ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺰ‪‬ﻜﻪوه ﭼﻪﻧﺪ ﭘﺮﺳــﯿﺎر‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺋﺎراﺳــﺘﻪ ﺑﻜﻪﯾﻦ دهرﺑﺎرهى ﻛﺎر و‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻻﻛﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﭘ‪‬ﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎ و رۆ‪‬ﻰ ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﻪﺷﺪارﺑﻮوهﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺎو ﭘ‪‬ﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪڕ‪‬ﺰﯾﺎن ڕاﺳﺘﻪوﺧﯚ ﺳﻪرﭘﻪرﺷﺘﻰ ﭘ‪‬ﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺎﻛﻪى دهﻛﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺋﻪوﯾﺶ ﺑﻪم ﺷ‪‬ﻮهﯾﻪ وه‪‬ﻣﻰ ﺋ‪‬ﻤﻪى داﯾﻪوه ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﻜﻮﻧﯚﻣﻰ ﻣﻪﮔﻪزﯾﻦ ‪ /‬ﭘ‪‬ﻨﺎﺳــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻪی ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎى‬ ‫‪ELANEXPO‬ﭼﯿﯿﻪ ؟‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﺤﺴـــﺎن ﺗﻮﺗﻨﭽﻰ‪ELANEXPO /‬ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺗﻮرﻛﯿﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳــــــــﺎ‪‬ﻰ ‪٢٠٠٨‬وه ﻟﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق دهﺳـــــــــﺘﻰ ﺑﻪﻛﺎر و ﭼﺎﻻﻛﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدووه‪ ،‬ﯾﻪﻛﻪم ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــــــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎﻣﺎن ﻟﻪ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﻰ ‪ ٢٠٠٨‬ﻟﻪھﻪوﻟ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدۆﺗﻪوه‪ ،‬ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎى ﺋ‪‬ﻤﻪ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪﺗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺳــــــــــــــﺎزى‪ .‬ﺋﻪم‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎﯾﻪى ﻛﻪ ﺋ‪‬ﻮهش وهﻛﻮ ﺋ‪‬ﻜﻮﻧﯚﻣﻰ ﻣﻪﮔﻪزﯾﻦ ﺗ‪‬ﺪا‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷﺪارن ﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪﺗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺋﺎﻣ‪‬ﺮه ﺳﺎرد و ﮔﻪرم ﻛﻪرهوهﻛﺎن ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪر ﺷﻪڕى داﻋﺶ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﻰ راﺑﺮدوو دواﻣﺎﻧﺨﺴــــﺖ ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪم ﺳﺎڵ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﻪروهھﺎ ﺑﯚ ﻣﺎﻧﮕﻰ ﻧﯚى ﺋﻪﻣﺴـــــﺎڵ ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــﺎﻧﮕﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ دﯾﻜﻪى‬ ‫ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗــــــــــــــــﻰ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪت ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮڵ و ﻧﻪﻣﺎﻣـــــــــــــــــﻰ ﭘﺎرك و‬ ‫ﺷﺎرهواﻧﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎن دهﻛﻪﯾﻨﻪوه‪.‬‬

‫)ﺣ‪‬ﺳﻘﯿﻞ ﺳﺎﺳﯚن( دەﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ‪‬ﺳﺎﯾ‪‬ﺗﯽ ﺋﺎﺑﻮوری ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق! داﻧ‪‬ری‬ ‫ﯾ‪‬ﮐ‪‬م ﺑﻮدﺟ‪‬ی ﺳﺎ‪‬ﻧ‪)‬ﻣﯿﺰاﻧﯿ‪ ‬اﻟﺴﻨﻮﯾ‪(‬‬ ‫ﯾ‪‬ﮐ‪‬م وەزﯾﺮی داراﯾﯽ ﺣﮑﻮﻣ‪‬ﺗﯽ ﭘﺎﺷﺎی‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق ﺑﻮوە ﻟ‪ ‬ﭘ‪‬ﻨﺞ ﮐﺎﺑﯿﻨ‪‬ی وەزاری‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق دا ﭘ‪‬ﻨﺞ ﺟﺎر ﯾ‪‬ک ﻟ‪‬دوای ﯾ‪‬ک‬ ‫ﺑ‪ ‬وەزﯾﺮی داراﯾﯽ ھ‪‬ﺒﮋ‪‬ﺮدراوەﺗ‪‬وە !‬

‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫ﻟ‪ ‬ﺳـــﺎ‪‬ﯽ ) ‪ ( ١٨٦٠‬ﻟ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﻧ‪‬وادەﯾ‪‬ﮐﯽ ﺟﻮ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ی ﺑ‪‬ﻧﺎوﺑﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺷـــﺎری ﺑ‪‬ﻏﺪاد‬ ‫ﻟ‪‬داﯾﮏ ﺑﻮوە و ﺑــــــــــﻨ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ی ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧــــــــــﯿــــــــــﯿ‪‬وە ﺧ‪‬رﯾﮏ ﺑﻮون‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾ‪‬ﮐ‪‬م ﮐ‪‬س ﺑﻮوە ﮐ‪ ‬ﻟ‪‬ﻧﺎو ﺣﻮﮐﻤ‪‬ﺗﯽ ﭘﺎﺷﺎﯾ‪‬ﺗﯽ ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق دا ﻣﮑﻮڕ ﺑﻮە ﻟ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳ‪‬ر داﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﯿﺴـــﺘﻤ‪‬ﮑﯽ ﺋﺎﺑﻮوری ورد و ﺳ‪‬ردەﻣﯿﺎﻧ‪ .‬ﻧﺎوﺑﺮاو ﺳﺎ‪‬ﯽ ‪١٩٣٢‬‬ ‫ﮐﯚﭼﯽ دواﯾﯽ ﮐﺮد‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺗ‪‬ﮏ ﮐﯚﭼﯽ دواﯾﯽ ﮐﺮد ﺷـــــــــــــــﺎﻋﯿﺮی ﻧﺎوداری ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﻋﺮوف رەﺳﺎﻓﯽ ﻟ‪ ‬د‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﮑﯽ ﺷﯿﻌﺮدا ﺑﯚ ﮐﯚﭼﯽ ﺣ‪‬ﺳﻘﯿﻞ ﺳﺎﻣﺴـــــﯚن‬ ‫ﻧﻮوﺳﯽ ﺑﻮو ﻟ‪‬ﮔ‪‬ڵ ﮐﯚﭼﯽ ﺣ‪‬ﺳﻘﯿﻞ دا ﻧ‪‬زاھ‪) ‬دەﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﮐﯽ(ﯾﺶ ﮐﯚﭼﯽ‬ ‫دواﯾﯽ ﮐﺮدو ﻟ‪‬دوای ﺧﯚی ﮔ‪‬ورەﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘ‪‬رﺗﻮﮐﺨﺎﻧ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﺟ‪ ‬ھ‪‬ﺸــــــــــــﺖ ﮐ‪‬‬ ‫ھ‪‬زارەھﺎ ﮐﺘ‪‬ﺒﯽ ﺑ‪‬زﻣﺎﻧ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﻋ‪‬رەﺑﯽ و ﺗﻮرﮐﯽ وﺋ‪‬ﻟﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﻓ‪‬رەﻧﺴـــــﯽ‬ ‫وﺋﯿﻨﮕﻠﯿﺰی ﺗ‪‬ﺪاﺑﻮون ﺳـــــــــــــــــــــــﺎﻟﯽ ) ‪ ( ١٩٧٠‬ﺣﻮﮐﻤ‪‬ﺗﯽ ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق ﺑ‪‬ﺑﺮﯾﺎر‪‬ﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﺘ‪‬ﺒﺨﺎﻧ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ی ﺣ‪‬ﺳـﻘﯿﻞ ﺳـﺎﺳـﯚن ی ﮐﺮد ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﺷــ‪‬ﮏ ﻟ‪ ‬ﭘ‪‬رﺗﻮﮐﺨﺎﻧ‪‬ی‬ ‫ﻣﯚزەﺧﺎﻧ‪‬ی ﻧﯿﺸــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺘﯿﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق‬

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No matter how corrupt, greedy, and heartless our government, our corporations, our media and our religious charitable institutions may become, the music will still be wonderful.

Kurt vonnegut

‫ﻰ‬‫ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‬

corruption

‫( ﭘﻠﻪ‬٠١٢) : ‫ﻛﯚﻣﺎرى ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎى ﻧﺎوهڕاﺳﺖ‬ . ‫( ﭘﻠﻪ‬٠١٥ ): ‫روﺳﯿﺎ‬ . ‫ ( ﭘﻠﻪ‬٠١٥ ) : ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻤﺎر‬ .‫ ( ﭘﻠﻪ‬٠١٣ ) : ‫ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ‬ .‫ ( ﭘﻠﻪ‬٠١٣ ) :‫ﻋﯿﺮاق‬ . ‫ ( ﭘﻠﻪ‬٠١٣ ) ‫ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ‬ .‫ ( ﭘﻠﻪ‬٠١٣ ) ‫ﺋﻪﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن‬ . ‫( ﭘﻠﻪ‬٠١٢) ‫ﺳﻮدان‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺷﻮورى ﺳﻮدان‬

‫ﻰ ﺑﻮو و ﭘﻠﻪى )ﺳﻔﺮى( ﺳﻪدى‬‫ﺰﺑﻪﻧﺪى ﯾﻪﻛﻪﻣﻰ ﻟﯿﺴﺘﻰ ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‬‫ ﻟﻪ ر‬: ‫ﺳﯚﻣﺎل‬ ‫ (ى‬٨٠%) ‫ﻰ ڕاﭘﯚرﺗﻪﻛﺎن دهرﻛﻪوﺗﻮوه ﻛﻪ ﺳﯚﻣﺎل‬‫ ﺑﻪﭘ‬.‫ﻨﺎوه‬‫ﺑﻪدهﺳﺖ ھ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬‫ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪﺗﯿﯿ‬‫ﺸﺮاوى ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻰ ﻧﺎوهﻧﺪى ﺑﯚ ﺑﻪرژهوهﻧﺪﯾﯿ‬‫ﻗﻪﺑﺎرهى ﺣﯿﺴﺎﺑﺎﺗﻰ ڕاﻛ‬ .‫ۆژهﻛﺎن‬‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎرھﺎﺗﻮوه ﻧﻪك ﺑﯚ ﭘ‬

“As the world looks to chart a course for ending poverty and ensuring sustainable development by 2030, one thing is certain: stopping corruption must be at the top of the agenda.’’

14

‫ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‪‬ﺘﺮﯾﻦ )‪ (١٠‬و‪‬ت ﻟﻪﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﺪا‬ ‫ﺑﻪﭘ‪‬ـــــﻰ ڕاﭘﯚرﺗ‪‬ﻜــــــﻰ دهزﮔﺎى ‪Verisk Maplecroft‬ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻜﺮدﻧﻪوه و ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــــــــــﺒﯿﻨﯿﻜﺮدﻧﻰ ﻣﻪﺗﺮﺳﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎن ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ھﯚﺷــﺪارﯾﺪا دهرﺑﺎرهى زﯾﺎدﺑﻮوﻧﻰ ڕ‪‬ﮋهى ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‪‬ﻰ ﻟﻪﺳـــﻪر‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺳـــــــــــــــــــــﺘﻰ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﺪا‪ ،‬ﺋﻪم دهزﮔﺎﯾﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﺪاﭼﻮﻧﻪوهﯾﻪﻛﻰ‬ ‫ﺷـﻪﻓﺎﻓﺎﻧﻪى ﺑﯚ ) ‪ ( ١٩٨‬و‪‬ﺗﻰ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﻰ ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪا‪ ،‬ﻟﻪﻣﺎوهى‬ ‫ﻧ‪‬ﻮان ﻣﺎﻧﮕﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻰ ‪ ٢٠١٢‬ﺗﺎﻛﻮ ھﻪﻣﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﮕﻰ ﺳـــــــﺎ‪‬ﻰ ‪ ٢٠١٤‬ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺋﻪوهى ﻧﺎودارﺗــــــﺮﯾﻦ و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧـــــــﻰ ﮔﻪﻧﺪهڵ دﯾﺎرى ﺑﻜﺎت‪ .‬ﺋﻪم‬ ‫دهزﮔﺎﯾﻪش ﻟﻪﺷﯿﻜﺮدﻧﻪوهﻛﺎﻧﯿﺪا ﭘﺸــــــــــــــــــﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻪرى ﺳـــــــــــــــــــﻪرهﻛﻰ ﺑﻪﺳـــــــــــــــــــﺖ وهك‪ :‬ڕادهى‬

‫دووﺑﺎرهﻛﺮدﻧﻪوهى ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬در‪‬ﮋى ﻣﺎوهﻛﻪى‪ ،‬ﻗﻪﺑﺎرهى‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ڕادهى ﺑ‪‬وﺑﻮﻧﻪوهى‪ ،‬ڕادهى ﺑﻮ‪‬ﺮى ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‪‬ﻜﺎران‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪاﻧــــــــــــــــــــــــﻰ ﺗﺎواﻧﻪﻛﺎن‪ .‬ﺋﻪم دهزﮔﺎﯾﻪش ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﻮاﻧﻪﻛﺮدﻧـﻰ ڕادهى ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‪‬ـﻰ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻠﻪى ﺟﯿﺎواز ﺋﺎﻣﺎژهى ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ڕادهى ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‪‬ــــــﻰ ﺋﻪم و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧﻪى ﻛــــــﺮدووه ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻮان‬ ‫)ﺳﻔﺮ( ﺗﺎﻛﻮ زﯾﺎﺗﺮ ﻟﻪ )‪ (١٠‬ﭘﻠﻪ دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬و ﺷﯚك ﺑﻮوه ﺑﻪوهى‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧــﻰ ﺋﻪﻓــﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ )‪ ( ٪٤٥‬ى و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧـــﻰ ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‪‬ـــﻰ ﻟﻪﺧﯚ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺗﻮوه‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﯚﻣﺎرى ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎى‬

‫ﻧﺎوهڕاﺳﺖ‪Republic of middle Africa‬‬ ‫روﺳﯿﺎ‬ ‫‪Russia‬‬ ‫‪Myanmar‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ‬ ‫‪Libya‬‬ ‫‪Iraq‬‬ ‫ﻋﯿﺮاق‬

‫ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻮدان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻮورى ﺳﻮدان‬

‫‪Ghana‬‬ ‫‪Afghanistan‬‬ ‫‪Sudan‬‬ ‫‪South Sudan‬‬

‫‪Somalia‬‬

‫;‪Power tends to corrupt‬‬ ‫‪absolute power corrupts absolutely.‬‬ ‫‪- Lord Acton‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

Overnight Istambul

T

he Blue Mosque (Called Sultanahmet Camii in Turkish) is an historical mosque in Istanbul. The mosque is known as the Blue Mosque because of blue tiles surrounding the walls of interior design.Mosque was built between 1609 and 1616 years, during the rule of Ahmed I. just like many other mosques, it also comprises a tomb of the founder, a madrasa and a hospice.Besides still used as a mosque, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque has also become a popular tourist attraction in Istanbul.

Overnight Erbil

M

odelled after Istanbul's Blue Mosque, Erbil largest mosque was commissioned by wealthy businessman Jalil Khayat and opened in 2007. The colourful building sits on 15,000 square metres of land in Erbil's affluent Shoresh neighbourhood and is flanked by two 65m-tall minarets, easily seen from the citadel. The mosque can accomodate up to 2000 people; non-Muslims are welcomed outside prayer time.

‫ﻣﺎوهى ﭼﻪﻧﺪﯾﻦ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺎو ﻗﺴــﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺧﻪ‪‬ﻜﺪا و ﺧﻮ‪‬ﻨﺪن و ﻟ‪‬ﻜﯚ‪‬ﯿﻨﻪ زاﻧﺴـــﺘﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺸـــﺪا‪ ،‬ﺑﺎس ﻟﻪ ھﻪ‪‬ﮕﺮﺗﻨﻰ ﺳﻔﺮهﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪر دراوى ﻋ‪‬ﺮاﻗﻰ دهﻛﺮ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م ﺗﺎﻛﻮ ﺋ‪‬ﺴـــــﺘﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﯾﺎر ﺑﯚ ھﻪ‪‬ﮕﺮﺗﻦ ﯾﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﻪوهى ﺳﻔﺮهﻛﺎن ﻧﻪدراوه‪ ،‬ﺋﻪم ﭼﻪﻧﺪهش ﻟﻪ ﻻﯾﻪن‬ ‫ﺧﯚى ھﻪﯾﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﯾﻪﻛﻼ ﻧﻪﻛــــــﺮدﻧﻪوهى ﺋﻪم‬ ‫ﭘﺴــــــﭙﯚرهﻛﺎﻧﻪوه ﺋﻪﮔﻪر و ﻟ‪‬ﻜﺪاﻧﻪوهى‬ ‫ﺧﯚى ھﻪﯾﻪ و دهﺳـﻪ‪‬ﺗﻰ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻰ ﻧﺎوهﻧﺪى ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺗﻪ ﺑﯚ ﻣﺎوهﯾﻪﻛﻰ دوور و در‪‬ﮋ ﺋﺎﻣﺎﻧﺠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ ﺑـــــــــــ‪‬ﯾﺎرهﻛﻪ ﺟ‪‬ﺒﻪﺟــــــــــــ‪ ‬دهﻛﺎت‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ‬ ‫دهﺳـــﻪ‪‬ﺗﻰ ﺋﻪم ﺑ‪‬ﯾﺎره ﻟﻪ ﻛﻮﻧﺘ‪‬وﻟﯿﺪاﯾﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫دراو‬ ‫هﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ‪‬ﮕﺮﺗﻨﻰ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫د‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ھﻪﻣﻮوش ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪر ﻧﻪھ‪‬ﺸـــــﺘﻦ ﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺴـــــــــــــــﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﻟﻪ ﺳﻪرى ﻛﯚﺗﺎﯾﻰ ﭘ‪‬‬ ‫ﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻪرﯾﯿ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﯾﮕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ھﻪر وهﻛﻮ ﺷــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎرهزاﯾﻪﻛﺎن ده‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪم ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﺳــــــﻪﺧﺘﻪﻛﺎرﯾﯿﻪ ﻟﻪ دراودا‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﻪﻛﻼﻧﻪﻛـــــــــــﺮدﻧﻪوهى ﺋﻪم ﺑـــــــــــ‪‬ﯾﺎره د‪.‬ر‪‬ﺒﻪر ﻓﺘﺎح ‪ /‬زاﻧﻜﯚى دھﻮك ﺳــﻪﺧﺘﻪﻛﺎرهﻛﺎن ھﺎن ﻧﺎدات ﻛﻪ ﺳـــﻪﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳـــــــــــﻪﺧﺘﻪ ﻛ‪‬ا ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻰ ﻧﺎوهﻧﺪى ﭘﻼﻧﻪﻛﻪى‬ ‫ﻟﻪ دراودا ﺑﻜﻪن ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ ھﻪر ﻛﺎﺗــــــــــــ‪‬ﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮهﻛﺎن ﻻدهﺑﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟ‪‬ﺒﻪﺟ‪ ‬دهﻛﺎت و ڕاﺳـــــــﺘﻪوﺧﯚ ﺳـــــــ‪‬‬ ‫ھﻪ‪‬ﮕﺮﺗﻨﻰ ﺳــﻔﺮهﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ ﺳـــﻪر ﭘﺎره ﻣﺎﻧﺎ و‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ڕووى ﺗﯿﯚرى و ڕاو‪‬ــــــــــﮋى ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﯿﻪوه‬ ‫ھﻨﺪه ﻧــــ‪‬ﺧــــﻰ ﻛـــــ‪‬ﯾﻨـــــﻰ دراو وهﻛﻮ ﺧﯚى‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرﯾﯿﻪﻛــــــــﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﺋﻪوﺗﻮى ﻧﯿﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﯿﻨ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م ﺳـــﻪرهڕاى ﺋﻪﻣﻪ زۆر و‪‬ت ﭘﻪﻧﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪﻣﻪ ﺑﺮدووه ﺑﻪﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪت ﻟﻪ دواى ﺷــــﻪڕ و ڕووداوه ﻧﺎﺋﺎﺳــــﺎﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﺪا‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م‬ ‫ﻻداﻧﻰ ﺳــ‪ ‬ﺳـــﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺳـــﻪر دراوى ﻋ‪‬ﺮاﻗﻰ ﻟﻪواﻧﻪﯾﻪ ھﻨﺪه ﺑﻨﻪﻣﺎ ﺋﺎﺑﻮرﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺧﯚى ﻧﻪﺑ‪‬ﺖ و ھﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪری ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﺶ ﻧﺎﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺋﻪو ھﻨﺪهى ﻛﺎر‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺗﻪﻛﻨﯿﻜﯿﻪ و ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرى دهرووﻧﻰ ھﻪﯾﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳــــــــــــﻪرهڕاى ﺋﻪﻣﻪش ﺋﻪم داواﯾﻪی ﮐ‪ ‬وهزارهﺗﻰ داراﯾﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻰ ﻧﺎوهﻧﺪى ﻛﺮدووه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳــﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﺷــﺘﺮ ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﺋﺎ‪‬ﻮﮔﯚر و ﺳــﻮد وهرﮔﺮﺗﻦ ﺑﯚ ﺧﯚش ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ژﯾﺎﻧﻰ ﺧﻪ‪‬ﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م دﯾﺎره ﺋﻪم‬ ‫ﻛﺮداره ﻟﻪ ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺧﺮاپ دوور ﻧﯿﯿﻪ و ﻟﻪواﻧﻪ ھﻪ‪‬ﮕﺮﺗﻨﻰ ﺳﻔﺮهﻛﺎن ﺑ‪‬وا ﺑﻪ دﯾﻨﺎرى ﻋ‪‬ﺮاﻗﻰ ﻻواز ﺑﻜﺎت ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ دواى ‪ ٢٠٠٣‬ﯾﻪوه‬ ‫وهﻛﻮ دراو‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺧﯚڕاﮔﺮ ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــﺎن‬ ‫ھ‪‬ﻮاش ھ‪‬ﻮاش ﻋ‪‬ـﺮاق ﺗﻮاﻧﯿﻮه‬ ‫ﻧـــــــــ‪‬ﺧﻪﻛﻪى دادهﺑﻪز‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪات‪ ،‬و ﻛﻪم ﺑﻮوﻧــــﻰ ﺑـــــ‪‬واش‬ ‫ﺷــــــــــــــــــ‪‬ﻮاﻧﺪﻧ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﻧ‪‬ﺧﻪﻛﺎن‬ ‫ڕووى ﺑﻪﻛﺎرھـــــــ‪‬ــــــــﻨﺎﻧﻪوهش‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﻪ‪‬م ﺗﺎﻛﻮ دووﺑﺎره ﺟ‪‬ﮕﯿﺮ‬ ‫دروﺳﺖ دهﻛﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻪواﻧﻪﯾﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎوهن ﻛﺎر ﺳــﻮد ﻟ‪ ‬وهردهﮔﺮن‬ ‫دهﺑـــ‪‬ـــﺘﻪوه ھﻪﻧﺪ‪‬ﻚ ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎن و‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬ﺠﮕﻪ ﻟﻪﻣﻪش ﺋﻪم ﻛـــــﺮداره‬ ‫ﺑﯚ ھﻪ‪‬ﺨﻪ‪‬ﻪﺗﺎﻧﺪﻧـــــﻰ ھﺎو‪‬ﺗﯿﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮێ ﺧﻪرﺟﯿﯿﻪﻛـــــﻰ زۆرى دهوێ‬ ‫واﺗﻪ ﮔﻮڕﯾﻨـــﻰ دراو ﺑﻪ دراو‪‬ﻜــــﻰ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴــــــــــــﺘﻰ ﺑﻪﻛﻪم ﺧﻪرﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪت ﻟﻪم ﻛﺎﺗﻪدا ﻛﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق‬ ‫ﻗﻪﯾــﺮاﻧﻪدا ﻛﻪ ﻧــ‪‬ﺧــﻰ ﭘﻪﺗـــ‪‬ول‬ ‫ھﻪﯾﻪ ﺑــــــﯚ دهرﺑﺎز ﺑـــــــﻮون ﻟﻪم‬ ‫ﺟﯿﮫﺎن و ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧـــــــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪم ﺑﻮوﺗﻪوه ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎزارهﻛﺎﻧــــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻪ‪‬ﻚ‪ ،‬ھﻪروهھﺎ ﺑﻪﭘ‪‬ـــــــــــــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳـــــﻪر ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ و ﻣﻮوﭼﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ھﻪ‪‬ﮕﺮﺗﻨﻰ ﺳـــــــــــــــــــــﻔﺮهﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﯚﭼﻮوﻧﻰ ھﻪﻧﺪ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺎرهزاﯾﺎن‬ ‫دهﻛﺎت ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ ﻛــﺮدارى ﻛـــ‪‬ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷـــﻠﺒﻮﻧ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎزاڕدا دروﺳــــﺖ‬ ‫دهرووﻧــــﯿــــﯿﻪﻛﺎن ﻛﻪ دﯾــــﻨﺎرى‬ ‫ﻛـﻪم دهﻛﺎت ﻟـﻪ ﺑـﻪر ﺋــﻪﮔــﻪره‬ ‫ھﯿﭻ ﮔﯚڕﯾﻨ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻧـ‪‬ﺧـﻰ دﯾﻨﺎردا‬ ‫ﻋ‪‬ﺮاﻗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻮوه‪ ،‬ھﻪرﭼﻪﻧﺪه‬ ‫دروﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﺑﻦ ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ ﮔﯚڕﯾﻨﻰ ﭘﺎره و ھﻪ‪‬ﮕﺮﺗﻨﻰ ﺳـﻔﺮهﻛﺎن ﮔﻮراﻧﻜﺎرى ﻟﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﺧﺪا ﻧﺎﻛﺎت‪ ،‬ھﻪروهھﺎ دﯾﺎره ھﻪر ﻛﺮدار‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى و‬ ‫ﭘ‪ ‬ھﻪ‪‬ﺴـــــﺎﻧ‪‬ﻚ ھﻪﻧﺪ‪‬ﻚ ﻛﻪس و ﻻﯾﻪن ﺑﻪم ﻛﺮداره ﺑ‪ ‬ﺋﺎﻣﺎﻧﺞ ﻧﺎﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻪ ڕووى ﮔﻪﻧﺪه‪‬ﯿﯿﻪوه و ﮔﻮڕﯾﻨﻰ ﺋﻪم ﭘﺎرهﯾﻪ دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯿﺎردهھﺎ دﯾﻨﺎرى ﺳﻪﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﮕﯚردر‪‬ﻦ و ﺑﺴـــــﻮﺗﻨﺪرێ و ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪراﻣﺒﻪرﯾﺸــــــﺪا ﭘﺎرهى ﻧﻮێ ﺑﺪر‪‬ﺖ و ﺋﻪم ﺗﺎواﻧﻪ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﯿﻪش ﺑ‪ ‬ﺳﺰا‬ ‫دهرﺑﺎز دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﯚﯾﻪ ﺑﻮﭼﻮون و ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــــــﻨﯿﺎزى زۆرﯾﻨﻪى ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﻨﺎﺳﻪﻛﺎن ﺋﻪوهﯾﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎ‪‬ﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﮕﻪﺗﯿﭭﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺋﻪم ﻛﺮداره زۆرﺗﺮن ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎ‪‬ﻪ ﭘﯚزهﺗﯿﭭﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ و ﻧﺎﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻪم ﻗﻮﻧﺎﻏﻪدا ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﺪر‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬و ھﻪروهھﺎ دﯾﺎرﯾﺸﻪ ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺎدر‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴﺘﻪ دهﺳﺘﻪﯾﻪﻛﯽ ﺋﺎﻣﺎری ورد ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳﺘﯽ ژﻣ‪‬ﺮﯾﺎرﯾﻜﺮدﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺪاوﯾﺴﺘﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ ھﻪر‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺘﻮﻣﻪﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ داﺑﻤﻪزر‪‬ﻨﯽ‬

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‫رهھﻪﻧﺪی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﺋﺎﺑﻮوری ﺋﺎﺳﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﯚراك ﻟﻪ ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎ ﻟﻪ زاﻧﻜﯚی ﺳﻪﻻﺣﻪددﯾﻦ‬

‫ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳــــــــــــــــﺘﺎن رۆژ ﻟﻪ دوای رۆژ‬ ‫رووﺑﻪرووی ﺟﯚر‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻪﯾﺮاﻧﯽ داﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﺮدﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺳﺎﯾﺸــــــــــــــﯽ ﺧﯚراك دهﺑ‪‬ﺘﻪوه‪ .‬ﻗﻪوارهی‬ ‫ﺑﻪرھﻪم ھ‪‬ﻨﺎﻧﯽ ﻛﺸـــــــــــﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮ‪‬ﺮهی‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺪاوﯾﺴــــــــــــــــﺘﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺎوﺧﯚ ﻧﯿﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﺋﻪﻣﻪش‬ ‫ھـــــــــــﻪر‪‬ﻢ ﻧﺎﭼﺎر دهﻛﺎت ﻛــــــــــــﻪوا زۆرﺑــــــــــــﻪی‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺪاوﯾﺴـــــــــﺘﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪرهﺑﻮوﻣﯽ ﻛﺸـــــــــﺘﯚﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫دهرهوهی و‪‬ت ھﺎورده ﺑﻜﺎت‪ .‬ﺋﻪﻣﻪش رۆ‪‬ﻜﯽ ﺗﺮﺳـﻨﺎك ﻟﻪﺳـﻪر‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺑﻮوری ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳــــــــــﺘﺎن ﺟ‪ ‬دهھ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪﺳـــــــــــﻪر‬ ‫ﻻوازﺑﻮوﻧﯽ ﭘﺎﺷــــــــــــــــــﻤﺎوهی دراوی ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻛﺎردهﻛﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ھﻪﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﯿﺸــﺪا دهﺑ‪‬ﺘﻪ ھﯚی زﯾﺎدﺑﻮوﻧﯽ ﻗﻪرزی دهرهﻛﯽ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻛﯚﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪا‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻟﯽ ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳـﺘﺎن ﻟﻪ ژ‪‬ﺮ ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪری ﺳـﯿﺎﺳـﯽ‪ ،‬ﺋﺎﺑﻮوری و‬ ‫روﺷﻪﻧﺒﯿﺮی و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪﺟ‪ ‬دهھ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳﺘﯽ داﺑﯿﻨﻜﺮدﻧﯽ ﭘ‪‬ﺪاوﯾﺴــــﺘﯿﻪ ﺳﻪرهﻛﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ ھﺎو‪‬ﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸـــــــــــﺖ ﺑﻪﺳﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺖ و ﻣﻪﻛﯽ دهرهﻛﯽ ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرﯾﯿﻪﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻪر‪‬ﻨﯽ ﻻی ھﺎوﻻﺗﯿﯿﺎﻧﯽ ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳـــﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺟ‪ ‬دهھ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﯾﯿﺸـــــــــﺪا ھﺎو‪‬ﺗﯿﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻧﻪﯾﺎن ﺑﯚ ﺑﻪرھﻪﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯽ دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ و‬ ‫ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﺳﺖ ﺑﻮوﻧﯽ ھﺎو‪‬ﺗﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎك و ﻧﯿﺸـﺘﻤﺎﻧﻪوه ﻻواز دهﻛﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ دهﮔﺎﺗﻪ ﺋﻪو رادهﯾﻪی ھﺎوﻻﺗﯿﺎﻧﯽ ھﻪر‪‬ﻢ روﺷــــﻪﻧﺒﯿﺮی رۆژﺋﺎوا‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﻜﻪن و ﺑﻪرﮔﺮی ﻟ‪‬ﺒﻜﻪن‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﻪك ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧـــﯽ ھﺎوردهﻛـــﺮدﻧـــﯽ ﺧﯚراك و ﺑﻪرھﻪﻣــــﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﺸــــــــﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ دهﺑ‪‬ﺘﻪ ھﯚی ﺑﻪرزﺑﻮوﻧﯽ ﻧﺮﺧﯽ ﺷﺘﻮﻣﻪﻛﻪﻛﺎن ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣﻪش ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴـــــــــــــــــﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯚدﺟﻪﯾﻪﻛﯽ زﯾﺎﺗﺮی ﺧ‪‬ﺰاﻧﻪﻛﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳـــــﺘﺎن و ﻟﻪ دهرﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪا ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳــــــﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭼﺎر دهﻛﺎت ﻛﻪوا زۆرﯾﻨﻪی داھﺎﺗــﯽ ﺑﯚدﺟﻪﻛﻪی دووﺑﺎره ﺑﻨ‪‬ـــﺮ‪‬ﺘﻪ‬ ‫دهرهوهی و‪‬ت ﺋﻪﻣﻪش ﭘﺮۆﺳـﻪی ﮔﻪﺷــﻪﺳــﻪﻧﺪن ﻟﻪ ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن ﻻواز دهﻛﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛ‪‬ﺸــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻪی ﻛﻮرﺗﮫ‪‬ﻨﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﯚراك ﻟﻪ ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫دهﮔﻪر‪‬ﺘﻪوه ﺑﻮ ﻧﻪﺑﻮوﻧﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﻪﺗ‪‬ﻜﯽ ﻛﺸــﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ ﺳﻪرﻛﻪوﺗﻮو‬ ‫و ﭘﻼﻧ‪‬ﻜﯽ ﺳــــــﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯽ ﯾﻪﻛﮕﺮﺗﻮو ﻟﻪﺳــــــﻪر ﺋﺎﺳـــــــﺘﯽ و‪‬ت ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪﺗﯿﺶ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻪرﺗﯽ ﻛﺸـــــــــﺘﻮﻛﺎڵ‪ .‬ھﯚﻛﺎری ﺳﻪرهﻛﯽ ﻟﻪ داﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻪﻛﺮدﻧﯽ ﺋﺎﺳﺎﯾﯿﺸﯽ ﺧﯚراك ﻟﻪ ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن دهﮔﻪر‪‬ﺘﻪوه‬ ‫ﺑﯚ ﭘﺸـــــــــــــﺖ ﺑﻪﺳﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ داﺑﺎرﯾﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪرھﻪﻣﮫ‪‬ﻨﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪرهﺑﻮوﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﺸـــــــــﺘﯚﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ ﻟﻪ ھﻪﻣﺎن ﻛﺎﺗﺪا ﮔﻪﺷﻪﺳﻪﻧﺪﻧﯽ داﻧﯿﺸـــــــــﺘﻮان‬ ‫ھﯚﻛﺎر‪‬ﻜﯽ ﺗﺮه‪،‬‬

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‫ﻟﻪ ﭘﺎش ھﻪﺷـــــــﺘﺎﻛﺎﻧﯽ ﺳـــــــﻪدهی راﺑﺮدوو‬ ‫ﺷــﺎ‪‬وی راﮔﻮاﺳــﺘﻦ و ﺋﻪﻧﻔﺎل و زۆرهﻣﻠ‪ ‬ﺑﻮوه‬ ‫ھﯚی ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺮدﻧﯽ داﻧﯿﺸﺘﻮاﻧﯽ ھﻪزارهھﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﺪهﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻪرهو ﺷــــﺎره ﮔﻪورهﻛﺎن ﺋﻪﻣﻪش ﺑﻮوه ھﯚی ر‪‬ﮋهی زهوی‬ ‫ﻛﺸـــــــــــﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ ﻟﻪ ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻪم ﺑﺒ‪‬ﺘﻪوه‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪﻛﯽ ﺗﺮهوه ﺑﻪﻛﺎرھ‪‬ﻨﺎﻧﯽ زهوی ﻛﺸﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ ﺑﯚ ﭘﺮۆژهﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺸــــــــــــﺘﻪﺟ‪ ‬ﺑﻮون و ﻛﻪﻣﺒﻮوﻧﯽ ر‪‬ﮋهی داﺑﺎرﯾﻦ و وﺷﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯽ دهﻛﺮێ وهﻛﻮ ھﯚﻛﺎر‪‬ﻜﯽ ﺗﺮ ﻟﻪو ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺗﻪ ﺳﻪﯾﺮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪‬ﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﮕﻪ ﻟﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ دواﻛﻪوﺗﻨﯽ ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ ﻛﻮردﺳــــــــــﺘﺎن ﻟﻪ رووی‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻛﻨﻪﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎی ﻛﺸـــــﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ ھﯚﻛﺎر‪‬ﻜﯽ ﺗﺮه ﻛﻪوا ھﻪر‪‬ﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻪﺗﻮاﻧ‪ ‬ﺋﺎﺳﺎﯾﺸـــﯽ ﺧﯚراك ﻟﻪ ﻧﺎوﺧﯚﯾﻪوه داﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎت‪ .‬ﺳــــــــــــﻪرهرای ﺋﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ داﻣﻪزراﻧﺪﻧﯽ زۆرﯾﻨﻪی ﺧﻪ‪‬ﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﻻد‪‬ﯿﻪﻛﺎن ﻟﻪﻧﺎو ھ‪‬ﺰهﻛﺎﻧﯽ ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــــــــــــﻤﻪرﮔﻪو و ﻧﺎوﺧﯚدا‬ ‫ھﯚﻛﺎر‪‬ﻜﯽ زۆر ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻪ ﻛﻪوا داﻧﯿﺸــــــــــــــــﺘﻮاﻧﯽ ﻻد‪‬ﻜﺎن ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸــــﻪی ﻛﺸـــــﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ وازﺑ‪‬ﻨﻦ ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ ﺋﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﻪم ھﯚﯾﻪوه‬ ‫ھﻪر ﺧ‪‬ـــﺰاﻧ‪‬ﻜـــﯽ ﻻدێ ﺑﻮوه ﺧﺎوهن ﭼﻪﻧﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻮوﭼﻪ‪ ،‬ﺋﻪﻣﻪ‬ ‫واﯾﻜﺮد ﺋﯿﺘﺮ ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴــﺘﯿﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪرھﻪﻣﯽ ﻛﺸــﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﯽ ﻧﻪﺑ‪ ‬و‬ ‫ﺋﻪم ﻛﻪرﺗﻪ ﺑﯚﯾﺎن ﮔﺮﻧﮕﯿﺶ ﻧﻪﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬

iconic cities

Berlin, opened the door of history

Brandenburg Gate

T

he Brandenburg Gate German: Brandenburger Tor is an 18thcentury neoclassical triumphal arch in Berlin, and one of the best-known landmarks of Germany. It is built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel. It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstrabe, immediately west of the Pariser Platz. One block to the north stands the Reichstag building. The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, the renowned boulevard of linden trees, which formerly led directly to the city palace of the Prussian monarchs. It was commissioned by King Frederick William II

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of Prussia as a sign of peace and built by Carl Gotthard Langhans from 1788 to 1791.

Having suffered considerable damage in World War II, the Brandenburg Gate was fully restored from 2000 to 2002 by the Stiftung Denkmalschutz Berlin Berlin Monument Conservation Foundation During the post-war Partition of Germany, the gate was isolated and inaccessible immediately next to the Berlin Wall, and the area around the gate was featured most prominently in the media coverage of the tearing down of the wall in 1989.

Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but

‫‪THE CV‬‬

‫ﺋﺎواره ﺑﻪﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻣﯚﺳﺘﺎی زاﻧﻜﯚی‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻻﺣﻪددﯾﻦ ‪ -‬ھﻪوﻟ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻣﯚﺳﺘﺎی زاﻧﻜﯚی‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻻﺣﻪددﯾﻦ ‪ -‬ھﻪوﻟ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﯚ ﯾﻪﻛﻪم ﺟﺎر ﻟﻪ ﻣ‪‬ــــــــﮋووی ﻣﯿﺪﯾﺎﯾـــــــــﯽ ﻛﻮردﯾﺪا‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪرﻧﺎﻣ‪‬ﯾ‪‬ﯾﻚ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻮاری ﺑﻪر‪‬ﻮهﺑﺮدﻧـﯽ و ﻛﺎرﮔ‪‬ـ‪‬ی‬ ‫وه ﻟﻪ ﺳﻪر ﺷ‪‬ﻮازی ﻛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻛ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎوی ‪THE CV‬ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﯚڕی ﻣﯿﺪﯾﺎﯾﯽ رووداو ﻟﻪ ﻻﯾﻪن دوو ﭘﺴــــــــــــﭙﯚڕ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻣﯚﺳـﺘﺎی زاﻧﻜﯚ ﺑﻮون ﻟﻪ ﺋﻪم ﺑﻮارهدا ﺑﻪﻧﺎوهﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ و ﺋﺎواره ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ )‪(M.A‬ﻧﺎﺳـــــﺮاﺑﻮون‪ ،‬ﯾﻪﻛﻪم‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺰﻧﯽ ﺧﯚی ﭘ‪‬ﺸﻜﻪش ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻨﻪران ﻛﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺋﻪم ﺑﻪرﻧﺎﻣﻪﯾﻪ ﻛﻪ ڕهھﻪﻧﺪ‪‬ﻜﯽ ﻓ‪‬ـﺮﻛﺎری ھﻪﺑﻮو ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاره ﺟﯿﺎﺟﯿﺎﻛﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺰﻧﺴـــــــــــــــــﺪا وه ﻟﻪ ھﻪﻣﺎﻧﻜﺎﺗﺪا‬ ‫ﺳــﻪرﮔﻪرﻣﯿﻪﻛﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـــﯿﺶ ﺑﻮو ﺑﯚ ﺑﯿﻨﻪران‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷـــــــــــــــ‪‬ﻮازی ﻛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻛﯽ ھﻪرﺟﺎره ﻟﻪ دوای ﭘ‪‬ﺪاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻜ‪‬ﻜﯽ ﺑﺰﻧﺴــﯽ و ھﻪ‪‬ﺴـــﻪﻧﮕﺎﻧﺪی دهرﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻜﻪﻛﻪ ﮔﺮۆﭘﯽ ﺑﺮاوه و دۆراو دهﺳﺘﻨﯿﺸﺎن دهﻛﺮا‬ ‫و ﻛﻪﺳــ‪‬ﻜﯽ ﻻواز ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪرﭘﺮﺳــﯿﺎر ﺑﻮﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻪ دۆرڕاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔــــﺮوﭘﻪﻛﻪی ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪرﻧﺎﻣﻪﻛﻪ دوور دهﺧـــــﺮاﯾﻪوه ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣﻪش ھﻪر وهﻛﻮ ﺑﻪرﻧﺎﻣﻪﻛﺎﻧـــﯽ ﻋــــﺮهب ﺋﺎﯾﺪل و‬ ‫‪THE VOICE‬ﭼ‪‬ﮋ‪‬ﻜـﯽ ﺧﯚش و ﻻﯾﻪﻧﮕﯿـﺮی دهداﯾﻪ‬

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‫ﺑﯿﻨﻪران‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﯚﭬﺎری ﺋﯿﻜﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺑ‪ ‬ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴــﺘﯽ‬ ‫زاﻧـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﯽ دﯾﻤﺎﻧ‪‬ﯾ‪‬ک ﻟﻪ ﮔﻪڵ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــــﻜﻪﺷﻜﺎران و ﺧﺎوهﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺮۆﻛﻪﻛﻪ ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺪات‪ ،‬ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪوهی ﺑﺘﻮاﻧ‪‬ﺖ وه‪‬ﻣﯽ ﭼ‪‬ﻧﺪ ﭘﺮﺳﯿﺎر‪‬ﻜﯽ‬ ‫دهﺳﺖ ﺑﻜﻪو‪‬ﺖ و ﺑﯿﺨﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﻪر دهﺳـﺘﯽ ﺧﻮ‪‬ﻨﻪران و‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪﻧﮕـــــﺮاﻧـــــﯽ ﺑﻪرﻧﺎﻣﻪﻛﻪ‪ ،‬دهﻗــــــﯽ دﯾﻤﺎﻧﻪﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ژﻣﺎرهی داھﺎﺗﻮوی ﮔﯚﭬﺎرﻣﺎن ﺑ‪‬و دهﻛﻪﯾﻨﻪوه‪.‬‬ ‫ﺋﯿﻮەش ﺧﻮ‪‬ﻨﻪرﻣﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪوهی وه‪‬ﻣـــــــــــــــــــﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳــــــــﯿﺎری ﺋﺎﯾﺎ ﺟﺎر‪‬ﻜﯽ ﺗﺮ ﺑ‪‬ﺷــــــــ‪‬ﮑﯽ ﺗﺮی ﺋﻪم‬ ‫ﺑﻪرﻧﺎﻣﻪﯾﻪ ﺑﻪرھﻪم دەھ‪‬ﻨﻦ؟ ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﺑﻪ‪‬ﯽ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪی؟‬

‫ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاوى ﺋﯚﭘ‪‬ﻚ‬ ‫ﺋﯚﭘ‪‬ﻚ ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاوى دهو‪‬ﻪﺗﺎﻧﻰ ھﻪﻧﺎردهﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﻧﻪوﺗﻪ و ﺑﻪزاراوهى‬ ‫‪OPEC‬ﻧﺎﺳﺮاوه ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮرﺗﻜﺮاوهﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺋﯿﻨﮕﻠﯿﺰﯾﻪ ﺑﯚ‬ ‫‪Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries‬‬

‫ﺋﻪم ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاوه ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاو‪‬ﻜـﻰ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﯿﯿﻪ و ) ‪ ( ١٢‬دهو‪‬ﻪﺗـﻰ ﺋﻪﻧﺪاﻣـﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺧﯚﮔﺮﺗﻮوه ‪.‬ﺑﯚ ﺑﻪدﯾﮫ‪‬ﻨﺎﻧﻰ داھﺎﺗﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﺑﻪﺷـ‪‬ﻮهﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﮔﻪوره‬ ‫ﭘﺸــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺖ ﺑﻪ ھﻪﻧﺎردهﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﻧﻪوﺗﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن دهﺑﻪﺳﺘﻦ و‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻛﻮرﺗﻜــــﺮاوهى ﺋﯚﭘ‪‬ﻚ ﻧﺎودهﺑــــﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ .‬ﺋﻪﻧﺪاﻣﻪﻛﺎﻧـــــﻰ ﺋﯚﭘ‪‬ﻚ ﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳـــــــــﻪر زﯾﺎدﻛﺮدﻧﻰ داھﺎﺗﯿﺎن دهﻛﻪن ﻟﻪر‪‬ﮕﻪى ﻓﺮۆﺷــــــــــﺘﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻪوﺗﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﺑﯚ ﺑﺎزارەﮐﺎﻧـﯽ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧــﻰ‪ .‬ﺋﺎﻣﺎﻧﺠــﻰ ﺋﯚﭘ‪‬ﻚ ﺑــﺮﯾﺘﯿﯿﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ھ‪‬ﻣﺎھ‪‬ﻧﮕﯽ و ﯾﻪﻛﺨﺴــــــــــــــــــــــﺘﻨﻰ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﻪﺗﻰ ﻧﻪوﺗﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻮان‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺪاﻣﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺪا و دﯾﺎرﯾﻜﺮدﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﺷــــــــــﺘﺮﯾﻦ ر‪‬ﮕﺎ ﺑﯚ ﭘﺎراﺳـــــــــــﺘﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﭘﻪرژهوهﻧﺪﯾﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن‪ ،‬ھﻪروهھﺎ ھﻪو‪‬ﻰ ﭘﺎراﺳــــــــــــــﺘﻨﻰ ﻧﺮﺧﻪﻛﺎن‬ ‫دهدهن ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎزاڕه ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻪوه ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪوهى ﺑﮕﻪﻧﻪ داھﺎﺗ‪‬ﻜـﻰ‬ ‫ﺟ‪‬ﮕﯿﺮ ﺗﺎوهﻛﻮ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻦ ﭘﻼﻧﻰ ﮔﻪﺷــــــــــــــــــﻪﻛﺮدن ﻟﻪ و‪‬ﺗﻪﻛﻪﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺟ‪‬ﺒﻪﺟــ‪ ‬ﺑﻜﻪن‪ .‬دهو‪‬ﻪﺗﻪ ﺋﻪﻧﺪاﻣﻪﻛﺎﻧـــﻰ ﺋﻪم ر‪‬ﻜﺨـــﺮاوه )‪ (٤٠%‬ى‬ ‫ﺑﻪرھﻪﻣـــــﻰ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﯿﯿﺎن ھﻪﯾﻪ و ) ‪ ( ٨٠%‬ى ﯾﻪدهﮔـــــﻰ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪوت ھﻪﯾﻪ‪ .‬ﺋﻪم ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاوه ﻟﻪ ﺳـﺎ‪‬ﻰ ) ‪ ( ١٩٦٠‬ﻟﻪﺑﻪﻏﺪاد داﻣﻪزراوه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ دهﺳﺘﭙ‪‬ﺸــــــــــﺨﻪری ﭘ‪‬ﻨﺞ و‪‬ﺗﻰ وهك ﺳﻌﻮدﯾﺎ‪ ،‬ﺋ‪‬ﺮان‪ ،‬ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﯿﺮاق و ﻓﻪﻧﺰو‪‬ﻠﻼ و ﺑﺎرهﮔﺎﯾﻪﻛﻪﺷــــــــــــــﻰ ﻟﻪ ﭬﯿﻪﻧﻨﺎی ﭘﺎﯾﺘﻪﺧﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻪﻣﺴــﺎﯾﻪ ‪ .‬ﺋ‪‬ﺴــﺘﺎ ﺋﻪم ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاوه دوازده ﺋﻪﻧﺪاﻣﻰ ھﻪﯾﻪ و زﻣﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻪرﻣـــــﻰ ﺑﯚ ﺣﻪوت وو‪‬ﺗـــــﻰ ﺋﻪﻧﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻋﻪرهﺑﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م زﻣﺎﻧــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻪرﻣﻰ ﺋﯚﭘ‪‬ﻚ ﺋﯿﻨﮕﻠﯿﺰﯾﯿ‪ .‬ﺳــــــــــــــــﻪرهﺗﺎ ﺋﯚﭘ‪‬ﻚ ﺑﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﻨﺞ و‪‬ﺗﻰ‬ ‫داﻣﻪزر‪‬ﻨﻪر دهﺳــــــﺘﯿﭙ‪‬ﻜﺮدووه‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م ﻟﻪداوﯾﯿﺪا ﻧﯚ و‪‬ﺗﻰ دﯾﻜﻪى‬ ‫ﺧﺮاوهﺗﻪ ﺳﻪر ﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻧﺪا ھﻪردوو و‪‬ﺗﻰ ﮔﺎﺑﯚن وﺋﻪﻧﺪهﻧﻮﺳﯿﺎ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺪاﻣ‪‬ﺘـﻰ ﺋﯚﭘ‪‬ﻚ دهردهﭼﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﯚﯾﻪ دوازده و‪‬ﺗـﻰ ﺋﻪﻧﺪام ﻣﺎون ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺧﻮارهوه ﺑﻪﻟﯿﺴــــــــﺘ‪‬ﻚ ﭘﯚ‪‬ﯿﻨﮑﺮاون ﺑﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﻪروارى ﺑﻪ ﺋﻪﻧﺪام‬ ‫ﺑﻮوﻧﯿﺎن ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﯿﺸــــــــــــــﻪ ﺋﻪم ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاوه ﺑﻪ ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاو‪‬ﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻰ دادهﻧﺮ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﻰ ﺳﯿﺴـــــــــــــــﺘﻪﻣﻰ ﻧ‪‬ﻮ دهو‪‬ﻪﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‪‬ﮕﻪﻧﺎﻣﻪى ﻧﻪﺗﻪوه ﯾﻪﻛﮕــــــــــــــــﺮﺗﻮوهﻛﺎﻧﺪا ھﺎﺗﻮوه‪ ،‬ﺋﯚﭘ‪‬ﻚ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دهزﮔﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﻰ داﻧﺎﻧﺪر‪‬ﺖ وﻧﺎﭼ‪‬ﺘﻪ ﭘﺮۆﺳـــــــــــــــــﻪ ﻣﺎددى و‬ ‫ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻪوه‪.‬‬

‫‪Organization Of‬‬ ‫‪The Petroleum‬‬ ‫‪Exporting‬‬ ‫‪countries‬‬

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‫‪Algeria‬‬ ‫‪Africa‬‬

‫‪1969‬‬

‫ﺟﻪزاﺋﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ‬

‫‪١٩٦٩‬‬

‫ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق‬

‫رۆژھﻪ‪‬ﺗﻰ ﻧﺎوهراﺳﺖ‬

‫‪iraq‬‬ ‫‪١٩٦٠ 1960‬‬ ‫‪Middle East‬‬

‫ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺖ‬

‫رۆژھﻪ‪‬ﺗﻰ ﻧﺎوهراﺳﺖ‬

‫‪١٩٦٠‬‬

‫ﺋ‪‬ﺮان‬

‫‪iran‬‬

‫رۆژھﻪ‪‬ﺗﻰ ﻧﺎوهراﺳﺖ ‪Middle East‬‬ ‫‪1960 ١٩٦٠‬‬

‫ﻗﻪﺗﻪر‬

‫‪Nigeria‬‬ ‫‪Africa‬‬

‫رۆژھﻪ‪‬ﺗﻰ ﻧﺎوهراﺳﺖ‬

‫‪١٩٦١‬‬

‫ﺳﻌﻮدﯾﺎ‬

‫‪1971‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺠﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ‬

‫‪١٩٧١‬‬

‫‪ Venezuela‬ﻓﻪﻧﺰوﯾﻠﻼ‬ ‫‪ South Africa‬ﺋﻪﻣﺮﯾﻜﺎى ﺑﺎﺷﻮور‬ ‫‪1960‬‬

‫‪١٩٦٠‬‬

‫‪ Libya‬ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ‬

‫‪١٩٦٢ Africa‬‬ ‫‪1962‬‬

‫رۆژھﻪ‪‬ﺗﻰ ﻧﺎوهراﺳﺖ‬

‫‪١٩٦٠‬‬

‫‪Angola‬‬

‫ﺋﻪﻧﮕﯚﻻ‬ ‫‪ Africa‬ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ‬

‫‪٢٠٠٧ 2007‬‬

‫”زۆرﺑﻪى ﺋﻪو و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧﻪى ﻧﻪوﺗﻰ ﺧﺎو‬ ‫ﺑﻪرھﻪم د‪‬ﻨﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﺪا “‬

‫)ﻣﻠﯿﯚن ﺑﻪرﻣﯿﻞ ﻟﻪڕۆژ‪‬ﻜﺪا(‬

‫ﺋﯿﻤﺎرات ‪ ٣٣٧٠ :‬م‪.‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻮدﯾﺎ ‪ ١١٦٢٤ :‬م‪.‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣﺮﯾﻜﺎ ‪ ١٣٩٧٣ :‬م‪.‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﺮان ‪ ٣٣٨٠ :‬م‪.‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روﺳﯿﺎ ‪ ١٠٨٥٣ :‬م‪.‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻋ‪‬ﺮاق ‪ ٣٣٧٠ :‬م‪.‬ﺑﻪ‬

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‫‪ Ecuador‬ﺋﯿﻜﻮادۆر‬ ‫‪ South Africa‬ﺋﻪﻣﺮﯾﻜﺎى ﺑﺎﺷﻮور‬

‫‪٢٠٠٧ 2007‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫“ﮐﺎر ﮐ‪ ‬ھﯿﭻ ﮐﺎت‬

‫ﮐ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﮑﯽ ﺳ‪‬رﮐ‪‬وﺗﻮو ﯾﺎن‬ ‫دەﺳﺖ ﭘ‪‬ﺸﺨ‪‬ر ﻧﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﮑﺎت “‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪.‬ﭼﺎوەرێ ﮐﺮدن ﺗﺎ د‪‬ﻨﯿﺎﯾﯽ ) ‪ ( ١٠٠%‬ی ﺗ‪‬واوت وەدەﺳــــﺖ ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ :‬د‪‬ﻨﯿﺎﺑﻮون ﭘ‪‬ﺶ‬ ‫دەﺳﺖ ﭘ‪‬ﮑﺮدﻧﯽ ﮐﺎر‪‬ﮏ ﺷﺘ‪‬ﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﺷ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬م ﮔ‪‬ﯾﺸــﺘﻦ ﺑ‪ ( ١٠٠% ) ‬د‪‬ﻨﯿﺎ ﺑﻮون‬ ‫زۆر ﺟﺎر زەﺣﻤ‪‬ﺗ‪ ‬و ﻧﺎھـ‪‬ـﺘ‪ ‬دی و زۆر ﺟﺎر ﺋ‪‬م ﭼﺎوەڕواﻧـﯿـﯿ‪ ‬دەﺑـ‪‬ــﺘ‪ ‬ھﯚﮐﺎری‬ ‫دواﮐ‪‬وﺗﻦ ﯾﺎن ﺑ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ر ﭼﻮوﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺮۆﮐ‪‬ﮐ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﻟ‪ ‬ﮔ‪‬ڵ ﯾ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ﮏ ﻗﺴــــــــــــــــــــ‪ ‬ﮐﺮدن و ﺧﻪرﯾﻚ ﺑﻮون ﺑﻪ ﻣﯚﺑﺎﯾﻠ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ﺗﻪوه‪:‬‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‪‬ﮕ‪‬رﺗﺮﯾﻦ ر‪‬ﮕﺎ ﺑﻮ ﻟ‪‬ﮏ ﻧﺰﯾﮑﺒﻮوﻧ‪‬وە ﻟ‪ ‬ﮐ‪‬ﺳــــــــ‪‬ﮐﺎن و ﭼﻮوﻧ‪ ‬ﻧﺎو د‪‬ﯿﺎن‬ ‫ر‪‬ﺰﮔﺮﺗﻨ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮێ ﮔﺮﺗﻨﯽ ) ‪ ( ١٠٠%‬ﺑ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﮑﯽ ﮔﺮﻧﮕﯽ ر‪‬ﺰﮔﺮﺗﻨ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﺧ‪‬رﯾﮏ ﺑﻮون ﺑ‪ ‬زﯾﺎﺗــــﺮ ﻟ‪ ‬ﯾ‪‬ک ﮐﺎر ﻟ‪ ‬ﮐﺎﺗــــﯽ ﮐﯚﺑﻮوﻧ‪‬وەﮐﺎن‪ :‬ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﮐﺎﻧــــﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮۆڤ ﻟ‪ ‬ﮐﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻧﺪا ﺳﻨﻮردارن‪ ،‬ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﮐﺎﻧﺖ داﺑ‪‬ش ﻣ‪‬ﮐ‪.‬‬

‫‪۴‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﺑﯿﺮﮐﺮدﻧ‪‬وە ﻟ‪ ‬ﺋ‪‬و ﮐ‪‬ﺳــــــﺎﻧ‪‬ی ﮐ‪ ‬ھﯿﭻ ﭘ‪‬ﯾﻮﻧﺪﯾﯿﺎن ﺑ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﯾﻪوە ﻧﯿﯿ‪ :‬ﺧﯚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪوو ﮐﺮدن ﺑ‪ ‬ﮐ‪‬ﺳــﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺮەوە ﮐ‪ ‬ھﯿﭻ ﭘ‪‬ﯾﻮەﻧﺪﯾﯿﺎن ﺑ‪ ‬ژﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻮﯾ‪‬وه ﻧﯿﯿ‪،‬‬ ‫دەﺑ‪‬ﺘ‪ ‬ھﯚﮐﺎری زﯾﺎدﮐﺮدن ﮐ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯿﺶ ﺑﯚ ژﯾﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪۵‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﭘ‪‬ر‪‬ﺸﺎن ﺑﻮون ﺑ‪ ‬دەﺳﺖ ﺋﺎﮔﺎدارﯾﯿ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯚﺑﺎﻟ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ت‪ :‬ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﮐﺎت‬ ‫ﮐ‪ ‬دەﻧﮕ‪‬ﮏ ﯾﺎن ھ‪‬زەﯾ‪‬ک ﻟ‪ ‬ﻣﯚﺑﺎﯾﻠ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ت ھﺎت راﺳﺘ‪‬وﺧﯚ ﺳ‪‬ﯾﺮی ﺑﮑ‪‬ی‬ ‫و ﮐﺎرەﮐﺎﻧـﯽ دﯾﮑ‪‬ی ﺑﯚ ڕاﺑﮕـﺮی‪ .‬دەﺗﻮاﻧـﯽ ﮐﺎﺗ‪‬ﮑــﯽ ﺗﺎﯾﺒ‪‬ت ﺑﯚ ﺋ‪‬م ﮐﺎرە دﯾﺎری‬ ‫ﺑﮑ‪‬ی وە دواﺗﺮ ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺷﯽ وە‪‬ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﺪەﯾ‪‬وە‪.‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪ .‬راﺑﺮدووت ﮐﺎرﯾﮕ‪‬ری ﻟ‪ ‬ﺳــــ‪‬ر داھﺎﺗﻮوت ھ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ :‬دەﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﻟ‪ ‬راﺑﺮدوو ﻓ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ و ﺋ‪‬زﻣﻮن وەرﺑﮕﺮﯾﻦ ﻧ‪‬ک داھﺎﺗﻮﻣﺎن ﻟ‪ ‬ﻟ‪ ‬ﺑﮑﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺷ‪ ‬ﻣﻠ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺳﮑﺮدﻧﯽ ﮐ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﮑﯽ ﺗﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮە ﮐ‪ ‬ڕاﺳﺘ‪‬وﺧﯚ ﻗﺴــــــــ‪ ‬ﻟ‪‬‬ ‫ﮔ‪‬ڵ ﺑﻪراﻣــــــــــــــــﺒﻪرهﻛﻪت ﺑﮑ‪‬ﯾﺖ ﺋ‪‬ﮔ‪‬ر ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪى ﺑﻪﺗﯚﯾﻪوه ھﻪﯾﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﯚ‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﮔ‪‬رﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺋﻪوا ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪﯾﺖ ﭘ‪‬ﻮه ﻧﯿﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎس ﮐﺮدﻧﯿﺸﯽ ﮐﺎری ﺗﯚ ﻧﯿﯿ‪.‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬

‫‪ .‬وﺗﻨـﯽ ﺑ‪‬ـﯽ ﮐﺎﺗ‪‬ﮏ دەﯾ‪‬و‪‬ﺖ ﺑ‪‬ـﯽ ﻧ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ـﺮ‪ :‬رەﺗﮑـﺮدﻧ‪‬وەی داواﮐﺎرﯾﯿ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧـﯽ‬ ‫ھﺎور‪‬ﮑﺎﻧﺖ ﯾﺎن ھﺎوﮐﺎرەﮐﺎﻧﺖ زۆر ﺟﺎر ﺋ‪‬ﺳـــــــــــــﺘ‪‬ﻣ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م ﺧﯚ ﺗﯚ ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ھ‪‬ﻣﻮو ﮐﺎر‪‬ﮏ ﺑﮕﺮﯾﺘ‪ ‬ﺋ‪‬ﺳـــﺘﯚی ﺧﯚت‪ .‬زۆر ﺟﺎر ﻧﮫ‪‬ﻨﯽ ﺳــــ‪‬رﮐ‪‬وﺗﻨﯽ ﺗﯚ ﻟ‪‬‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬وە داﯾ‪ ‬ﮐ‪ ‬ﮐﺎر‪‬ﮏ ﻧ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ﯾﺖ ﻧ‪‬ک ﮐﺎر‪‬ﮏ ﺑﮑ‪‬ﯾﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Kurdistan‬‬ ‫‪Economic‬‬ ‫‪Constraction‬‬ ‫‪Outlook‬‬

‫‪Constraction‬‬

‫‪Manufacturing‬‬

‫‪Services‬‬

‫“‬

‫ﻟﻪ ڕاﻣﯿﺎرى ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺳﺎزى ﺳ‪ ‬ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺳــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻪرهﻛﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت‪،‬‬ ‫وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﻪر ﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ‪‬ﻨﺪهر و ھﺎوو‪‬ﺗـــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎف و ﺋﻪرﻛﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ڕ‪‬ﻚ دهﺧـــــــــــﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬

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‫ڕاﻣﯿﺎرى ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﻟﻪ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺳﺎزﯾﻰ‬ ‫ڕاﻣﯿﺎرى ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﻟﻪ ﺟ‪‬ﺒﻪﺟ‪ ‬ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﭘﺮۆژهﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﯿﺸــــــــــﺘﻪﺟ‪ ‬ﻛﺮدن و‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸـــــــــﻪﺳﺎزى ﺧﯚى ﻟﻪ ﻛﯚﻣﻪﻟ‪‬ﻚ ﯾﺎﺳﺎ و ڕ‪‬ﻨﻤﺎﯾﯽ دهﺑﯿﻨ‪‬ﺘﻪوه ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳــــــــــﻪر ڕاﺳــــــــــﭙﺎردهى ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت ﻟﻪ ﻻﯾﻪن ﻧﺎوهﻧﺪهﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﻮ‪‬ﮋﯾﻨﻪوه‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎدهﻛﺮاوه و ﺑﻪ ﺑ‪‬ﯾﺎر‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت ﭘﺎﺑﻪﻧﺪ ﺑﻮون ﭘ‪‬ﯿﺎن ﺑﻪﺳـــــــــــــﻪر‬ ‫ھﻪﻣﻮو ﻻﯾﻪﻧ‪‬ﻚ ﺳﻪﭘ‪‬ﻨﺪراوه‪ .‬ﺋﻪم دﯾﻜﻮﻣ‪‬ﻨﺘﺎﻧﻪ و‪‬ﺮاى ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪهرهﻛﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳــﯿﺎﺳـــﻪﺗﻰ ﺗﻪرﺧﺎن ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ زهوى‪ ،‬ﺟﯚرى ﻛﻪرهﺳـــﺘﻪى ﺑﯿﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷـــ‪‬ﻮاز و‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻪﻣﺎﻛﺎﻧﻰ دﯾﺰاﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎراﺳﺘﻨﻰ وزه و ژﯾﻨﮕﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮارى ﺗﻪﻧﺪروﺳـﺘﻰ ھﺎوﻻﺗﻰ‪،‬و‬ ‫ھﺘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺧﯚ دهﮔــــــــﺮ‪‬ﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮرﺗــــــــﻰ ڕاﻣﯿﺎرى ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﺑـــــــــﺮﯾﺘﯿﯿﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــﻜﻪش ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﯚرى ﺧﺰﻣﻪﺗﮕﻮزارى ﺑﯚ ھﺎوﻻﺗﻰ )وهك‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻮارى ﻧﯿﺸــــــﺘﻪﺟ‪ ‬ﻛﺮدن( ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪﻣﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺮخ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ڕاﺳﺘﻰ دا‬ ‫دوو ھ‪‬ﻠﻰ ﺋﺎراﺳـــــــــــــــــﺘﻪ دژ ﺑﻪ ﯾﻪﻛﻦ‪ .‬ﻟ‪‬ﺮهدا ﺗﻮاﻧﺎ و ﻛﺎراﻣﻪﯾﻰ ڕاﻣﯿﺎرى‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﻟﻪ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺳـــــــــــﺎزی دا دهردهﻛﻪو‪‬ﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﯚن ﺋﻪم دوو ھ‪‬ﻠﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟ‪‬ﻚ ﯾﻪﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﺒ‪‬ن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ڕاﻣﯿﺎرى ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺳــــــﺎزى ﺳــــــ‪ ‬ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺳــــــﻪرهﻛﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت‪،‬‬ ‫وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﻪر ﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ‪‬ﻨﺪهر و ھﺎو‪‬ﺗــــــــــــــــــﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎف و ﺋﻪرﻛﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ڕ‪‬ﻚ‬ ‫دهﺧﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ .‬ﻟﻪ ڕاﺳـــﺘﻰ دا دوو ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﯾﻪﻛﻪم دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﻛﺎر ﺑﯚ ﺋﺎﺳــــﻮودهﯾﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺳ‪‬ﯿﻪم ﺑﻜﻪن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺗ‪‬ﻜـﻰ ﮔـﺮﻧﮕــﻰ ﺑﻮارى ﭘــﺮۆژهﻛﺎن ﺑــﺮﯾﺘﯿﯿﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻪرﺧﺎﻧﻜــﺮدﻧــﻰ زهوى‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت ھﻪﻣﻮو ھﻪو‪‬ﻚ دهﺧﺎﺗﻪ ﮔﻪڕ ﻛﻪ زهوﯾﯿﻪ ﻛﺸﺘﻮﻛﺎﻟﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﭙﺎر‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻻﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺗﺮ زۆر ﺟﺎر ﺑﯚ وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﻪر‪ ،‬دهﺷـﺘﻪ ﺗﻪﺧﺘﻪﻛﺎن زۆر‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺠﺎوﺗـﺮن ﺑﯚ ﭘــ‪‬ۆژهﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ھﯚى ﺗ‪‬ﭽﻮوﻧــﻰ ﻛﻪﻣــﻰ ﺋﺎﻣﺎدهﻛﺎرى و‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺳــــﺎن ﮔﻪﯾﺎﻧﺪﻧﻰ ﺧﺰﻣﻪﺗﮕﻮزارى‪ .‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت ﻟ‪‬ﻜﺪاﻧﻪوه و ﺗ‪‬واﻧﯿﻨ‪‬ﻜﻰ‬ ‫دوورﻣﻪوداى ﺑﯚ زهوى ھﻪﯾﻪ‪ ،‬داھﺎت و ﺑﻪرھﻪﻣﻰ ﻛﺸــــــــــﺘﯚﻛﺎ‪‬ﻰ ﺳﻪد‬ ‫ﺳـــﺎ‪‬ﻰ داھﺎﺗﻮوى ﻟ‪‬ﻜﺪهداﺗﻪوه‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺳـــﺎﻣﺎﻧﻰ ژ‪‬ﺮ زهوى و ﻧﻪوهﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫داھﺎﺗﻮو دهﻛﺎﺗﻪوه‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﺗ‪‬ﻜﺪا زۆر ﺟﺎر ﻻﯾﻪﻧــــــــﻰ ﺑﻪراﻣﺒﻪر ﻗﺎزاﻧﺠــــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣﺮۆﯾﻰ ﭘ‪ ‬ﻟﻪ ھﻪﻣﻮو ﺷﺘ‪‬ﻚ ﮔﺮﻧﮕﺘﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫داﺑﯿﻦ ﻛـــﺮدﻧــــﻰ زهوى وهك ھﻪﻧﮕﺎوى ﯾﻪﻛﻪم و ﮔــــﺮﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪت ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎره ﮔﻪورهﻛﺎن‪ ،‬رهھﻪﻧﺪ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﻧﯿﺸﺘﻤﺎﻧﻰ ھﻪﯾﻪ و زﯾﺎﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸـﺖ و ﻣ‪‬‬ ‫ھﻪ‪‬ﺪهﮔﺮ‪‬ﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﻪ و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﮔﻪﺷﻪﺳﻪﻧﺪوو ﺋﻪم ﭘﺮﺳﻪ ﺗﺎ ڕادهﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺑﺎش‬ ‫ڕ‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاوه‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م ﻟﻪو و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧ‪‬ی ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ﮔﻪﺷﻪدان ھ‪‬ﺸـــــــــــــــــــﺘﺎ وهك‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺎس ﻟﻪ ھﻪﺳﺘﯿﺎرى ﺋﻪم ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺗﻪ ﻧﺎﻛﺮ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺗ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺗﺮ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪى ﺑﻪ ﺳـــــﯿﺎﺳـــــﻪﺗﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪﺗﻪﻛﺎﻧﻪوه ھﻪﯾﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑــــــــﺮﯾﺘﯿﯿﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﯚ‪‬ﻪت دان ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪرھﻪﻣﮫ‪‬ﻨﺎن ﯾﺎن ھﺎوردهﻛــــــــﺮدﻧــــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪرهﺳﺘﻪى ﺑﯿﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺋﻪم ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺗﻪ ﭼﻪﻧﺪ ڕهھﻪﻧﺪﯾﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻻﯾﻪك ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪى ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮارى ﺗﻪﻧﺪروﺳﺘﻰ ھﺎو‪‬ﺗﯿﺎﻧﻪوه ھﻪﯾﻪ )ﺑﯚﯾﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴــــــﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﯚﻣﻪﻟ‪‬ﻚ‬

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‫ﭘﺸـــــــــــــــــــﻜﻨﯿﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻻﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮارى ﭘﺎراﺳﺘﻨﻰ وزه و ژﯾﻨﮕﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺧﯚ‬ ‫دهﮔﺮ‪‬ﺖ‪ .‬ھﻪر وهھﺎ دﯾﺰاﯾﻨﻰ ﺑﯿﻨﺎ و ﺗﻪﻻرهﻛﺎن ﺗﻪوهر‪‬ﻜـﻰ ﮔـﺮﻧﮕـﻰ ﺗـﺮى‬ ‫ﺑﻮارى ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺳــــﺎزﯾﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﺋﻪم ڕﺳـــــﺘﻪﯾﻪ زۆر ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻪ ﻛﻪ دهﮔﯚﺗﺮ‪‬ﺖ‪" :‬ﮔﻪر‬ ‫دهﺗﻪو‪‬ﺖ ﻧﺮﺧﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﻮوهﻛﻪت ﺑﺰاﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻜ‪‬ﺸـــــــﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪﻧﺪ ﺳﻮوﻛﺘﺮ ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺋﻪوهﻧﺪه ھﻪرزاﻧﺘﺮه" ﻟ‪‬ﺮهش دا دهﺑﯿﻨﯿﻦ ﻟﻪ وﻻﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــــــــﻜﻪوﺗﻮو‬ ‫ھﻪوﻟ‪‬ﻜﻰ زۆر دهدر‪‬ﺖ ﺑﯚ ﻛﻪﻣﻜﺮدﻧﻪوهى ﻛ‪‬ﺸـــﻰ ﺑﯿﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺑﯿﻨﺎى ﻗﻮرس‬ ‫و‪‬ﺮاى ﺗ‪‬ﭽﻮوﻧﻰ زۆرى ﺑﻨﺎﻏﻪﻛﻪى و ھﻪﯾﻜﻪﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرى ﻟﻪ ﺳـــــــــــﻪر‬ ‫ڕ‪‬ﺮهوى ﺋﺎوى ژ‪‬ﺮ زهوى دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ و ﻟﻪ داھﺎﺗﻮو دروﺳـــــﺘﻜﺮدﻧﻰ ﻣﯿﺘﺮۆش‬ ‫ﺋﻪﺳﺘﻪم ﺗﺮ دهﻛﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣﻪ و ﻛﯚﻣﻪﻟ‪‬ﻚ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻰ ﺗﺮﭘﺎﺑﻪﻧﺪ ﺑﻮون ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﺳـــــــــــــــﺎﻛﺎﻧﻰ ڕاﻣﯿﺎرى‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺳــــــــــــــــﺎزﯾﻰ دهﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﻪراﯾﻰ ﻛﺎرهﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪﺗﻪﻛﺎن ﺑﯚ‬ ‫دروﺳـــــــــــﺖ ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ھﺎوﺳــــــــــــﻪﻧﮕﯿﯿﻪك‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪا ھﺎو‪‬ﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻮودﻣﻪﻧﺪى ﯾﻪﻛﻪم ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗ‪‬ﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪرژهوهﻧﺪﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧـﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت و وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﻪر ﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ‪‬ﻨﺪهر‬ ‫ﺗ‪‬ﻜﻪڵ دهﺑﻦ ﯾﺎن ھﻪردوو ﻻﯾﻪن دهﺑﻦ ﺑﻪﯾﻪك )وهك ﺋﻪوهى ﻟﻪ و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧـﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﯚﺳﯿﺎﻟﯿﺴـــﺘﻰ ھﻪﺑﻮو( ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴــــﯚﮔﻪرى ھﺎوو‪‬ﺗﻰ زﯾﺎﻧﻤﻪﻧﺪ دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴـــﺘﻪ ﭼﻪﻧﺪ ﯾﺎﺳﺎ و ڕ‪‬ﻨﻤﺎﯾﯿﻪﻛﻰ ﮔﺸــــﺘﻰ وهك ھ‪‬ﻠﻰ ﺳﻮر دﯾﺎرى‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻻﯾﻪك ﺑﻪرژهوهﻧﺪى ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت و ھﺎوﻻﺗﻰ ﺑﭙﺎر‪‬ـﺰ‪‬ﺖ و ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺗﺮ دهرﻓﻪﺗﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﺠﺎو ﺑﯚ وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﻪر و ﺑﻪﻟ‪‬ﻨﺪهر ﺑ‪‬هﺧﺴـــــ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺋﻪوهى ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻪ ﯾﺎﺳﺎ و ڕ‪‬ﻨﻤﺎﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎن ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﻟﻪ ﭼﻪﻧﺪ ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺟﯿﺎوازﯾﺶ‬ ‫دهرﺑﭽﻦ‪ ،‬دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ ھﻪﻣﺎھﻪﻧﮕــــﻰ ﺗﻪواوﯾﺎن ﻟﻪ ﮔﻪڵ ﯾﻪﻛﺘـــــﺮ ھﻪﺑ‪‬ﺖ و‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺳﻪرﭘﻪرﺷﺘﯿﺎر ﺑﻪ وردى ﺋﺎﮔﺎدارى ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮوﻧـــــــــﻰ ڕاﻣﯿﺎرﯾﯿﻪﻛــــــــــﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﺗﯚﻛﻤﻪ و ڕوون ﻟﻪ ﺑﻮارى‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺳﺎزﯾﻰ دهﻛﺮ‪‬ﺖ ڕهوﺷﻰ ﺋﻪم ﻛﻪرﺗﻪ ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻪ ﭘﻪرهﺑﺴـــــــــــــﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬و‬ ‫د‪‬ﻨﯿﺎﯾـــــــــــــﻰ ﺗﻪواو ﺑﺪاﺗﻪ‬ ‫وهﺑﻪرھـــــــــــ‪‬ـــــــــــﻨﻪر و‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺳــــﻮودهﯾﻰ ﺑﯚ ھﺎو‪‬ﺗﻰ‬ ‫دهﺳــﺘﻪﺑﻪر ﺑﻜﺎت‪ .‬داﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﻛﻪﺷـــــــــ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﭘ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻣﺘﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﻪت‬ ‫و ﯾﺎﺳـــﺎﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺳـــﺎزى‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﻪورهﺗـــــــــﺮﯾﻦ ھﯚﻛﺎرى‬ ‫ﺑــــﻮژاﻧﺪﻧﻪوهى ﺋﺎﺑــــﻮورى‬ ‫ﺋﻪم ﺳ‪‬ﻜﺘﻪرهﯾﻪ‪.‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﻓﻪﯾﺮوﺷﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﺢ ﺣﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻣﯚﺳﺘﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻛﯚﻟ‪‬ﮋى ﺋﻪﻧﺪازﯾﺎﯾﻰ‬ ‫زاﻧﻜﯚى ﺳﻪﻻﺣﻪددﯾﻦ‪-‬ھﻪوﻟ‪‬ﺮ‬

‫ﺑﯚﭼﻰ ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ژاﭘﯚﻧﯿﻪﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻣﻪن در‪‬ﮋ و ﺑﻪردهواﻣﻦ ؟‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗ‪‬ﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻪﯾﺮى ھﻪﻧﺪ‪‬ﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻪو ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻛﯚﻧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫دهﻛﻪى ﻛﻪ ﺋ‪‬ﺴﺘﺎ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزاڕهﻛﺎﻧﺪا ھﻪن و ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪدهى ڕاﺑﺮدوودا داﻣﻪزراون‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻪرﺳﺎم دهﺑﻰ ﺑﻪوهى ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﯚن ﺋﻪم ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاواﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫در‪‬ﮋاﯾﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﮋووﯾﺎﻧﺪا ﺗﻮاﻧﯿﻮﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪرهﻧﮕﺎرى زۆرﺑﻪى دۆﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﯿﻪ ﺳﻪﺧﺘﻪﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻨﻪوه ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ زﯾﺎﺗﺮ ﺳﻪرﺳﺎﻣﺘﺎن ﺑﻜﻪﯾﻦ دهرﺑﺎرهى ھﻪﻧﺪ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪو‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪى ژاﭘﯚن ﻛﻪ ھﻪزار ﺳﺎڵ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺶ ﺋ‪‬ﺴﺘﺎ داﻣﻪزراون‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﺴـــــــــــﺘﺎ ﻟﻪ ژاﭘﯚن ﻧﺰﯾﻜﻪى ﺣﻪوت ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزاڕى ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدﻧﺪا ھﻪن ﻛﻪ ھﻪزار ﺳــــــــــﺎڵ ﺑﻪر ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﺴــــــــــــﺘﺎ ﻛﺎرﯾﯿﺎن ﻛﺮووه‪ ،‬ﻟﻪﮔﻪڵ ﻧﺰﯾﻜﻪى ﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﻰ دﯾﻜﻪ ﻛﻪ ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﺳﺎڵ ﺑﻪر ﻟﻪ ﺋ‪‬ﺴـــــــــــﺘﺎ‬ ‫داﻣﻪزراون‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺗ‪‬ﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺳـــــــــــﻰ ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ‬ ‫ﺷـــــــﯿﺮﻧﻪﻣﻪﻧﻰ وهك )ﺳـــــــﻮروﮔﺎﯾﺎ( دهﻛﻪى ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳـــﺎﻟ‪ ( ١٤٦١ ) ‬زاﯾﻨﻰ داﻣﻪزراوه‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬ﮕﻮﻣﺎن ﺗﯚش‬ ‫ﺋﻪو ﻣ‪‬ــﮋووه ﮔﻪورهﯾﻪ دهھ‪‬ﻨﯿﯿﻪ ﺑﻪر ﭼﺎوى ﺧﯚت‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺸــــــــــــــــــــــﻜﻰ زۆرﺑﻪى ژاﭘﯚﻧﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻪوه‬ ‫ﭼﻪﺳـﭙﺎوه‪ ،‬ﺑﻪداﺧ‪‬ﻜﻰ زۆرهوهش ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ‬ ‫ﺋﺎوا ﺑﻪم دواﯾﯿﻪ دووﭼﺎرى ﺋﯿﻔﻼﺳـ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﮔﻪوره ﺑﻮو‬ ‫ﺑﻪھﯚى ﻻوازى ﺋﻪو ﻧﻪرم و ﻧﯿﺎﻧﯿﯿﻪى ﻛﻪ ﺷــــﻜﺎوه‬ ‫ﺳﻪر ﺑﻪرزى ﺗ‪‬ﭽﻮوﻧﻰ ﻛﻪل وﭘﻪﻟﻰ ھﺎوردهﻧﻰ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Kongo gumi‬‬ ‫‪Japan Construction‬‬

‫‪Japan Construction‬‬ ‫‪Hotel‬‬

‫‪Koman‬‬ ‫‪Hotel‬‬

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‫ﺑﻪرﭘﺮﺳﯿﺎر‪‬ﺘﻰ ﭘﺎراﺳﺘﻨﻰ ﺋﻪم ﺟﯚره ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪى‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎوهن ﻣ‪‬ﮋوو و ﻣﯿﺮاﺗ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﻣﺮۆﯾﻰ ﮔﻪورهن‬ ‫دهﻛﻪو‪‬ﺘﻪ ﺳﻪر ﺋﻪﺳﺘﯚى ھﻪﻣﻮو ﻣﺮۆﭬﻪﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﻪﻛ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪ ﮔﺮﻧﮕﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺋﻪو ھﯚﻛﺎراﻧﻪى ﻛﻪ واى ﻛـﺮد ﺋﻪم ﺟﯚره‬ ‫ر‪‬ﻜﺨـــــــﺮاواﻧﻪ ﻟﻪﻣﺎوهﯾﻪﻛـــــــﻰ در‪‬ــــــــﮋدا ﭘﺎر‪‬ــــــــﺰﮔﺎرى ﻟﻪﻛﺎر‬ ‫وﭼﺎﻻﻛﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﺑﻜﻪن ﺑــــــــــﺮﯾﺘﯿﯿﻪ ﻟﻪو ﻣ‪‬ـــــــــــﮋووه ﮔﻪوره و‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‪‬ﻪﻛﻪﺑﻮوهى ﻛﻪ دهﺗﻮاﻧﺮ‪‬ﺖ ﺳــــــــــــﻮودى ﻟ‪‬ﻮهرﺑﮕﯿﺮ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ر‪‬ﮕﻪى ﮔﻪڕاﻧﻪوه ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪزﻣﻮون و رووداوهﻛﺎﻧــــــــﻰ راﺑــــــــﺮدوو و‬ ‫ﭼﯚﻧ‪‬ﺘﻰ ﻣﺎﻣﻪ‪‬ﻪﻛـﺮدن ﻟﻪﮔﻪ‪‬ﯿﺎﻧﺪا‪ .‬ﻟﻪﺑﻪر ﺋﻪوهى ﻛﺎرﮔ‪‬ـﺮى ﺋﻪو‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ھﻪو‪‬ـــــﻰ ﺑﻪردهوام ﺑﻮون دهدهن ﺑﯚﯾﻪ ﻧﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪو‪‬ﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺑ‪ ‬ﭘﻼﻧ‪‬ﻜﻰ روون و ﺋﺎﺷﻜﺮا ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺧ‪‬ﺮا ﺑﻪدهﺳـﺖ ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ھﻪﻣﻮو ﺑﺎرودۆﺧـــــ‪‬ﻜﻪوه ﺋﻪم ﻛﯚﻣــــــﭙﺎﻧــــــﯿﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ھﻪردهم‬ ‫ﻓﻪرﻣﺎﻧﺒﻪرهﻛﺎن دهﺧﻪﻧﻪ ر‪‬ﺰى ﭘ‪‬ﺸﻪوهى ﺑﺎﯾﻪﺧﺪاﻧﯿﺎن‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪوان ﺑﻪ دﻟ‪ ‬ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻧﺎﺳــــــــــــــﺮاون و وهﻛﻮ ﺧﯿﺰاﻧ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪﻧ‪‬ﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎدا ھﻪ‪‬ﺴــــــــﻮﻛﻪوت دهﻛﻪن‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺳﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪى ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‪‬ﻮان ﺋﻪم ﺟﯚره ﺧ‪‬ﺰاﻧﻪ و ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﻧ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﺷ‪‬ﻮهﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﮔﺸــــﺘﻰ‬ ‫دهﺑ‪‬ﺘﻪ ھﯚى دروﺳــــﺘﺒﻮوﻧﻰ ﺋﺎﺳـــــﻮودهﯾﻰ وﺳـــــﻪرﻛﻪوﺗﻦ ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻓﻪرﻣﺎﻧﺒﻪرهﻛﻪ‪ .‬ﻧﻪك ھﻪر ﺋﻪوهش ﺑﻪ‪‬ﻜﻮ ﯾﺎﺳـــــﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺧ‪‬ﺰاﻧﻰ‬ ‫ھﻪﯾﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎس ﻟﻪ ﺑﻨﻪﻣﺎى ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪى راﺷــــــــــــــﻜﺎوى دهﻛﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ھﻪ‪‬ﺒـــﮋاردﻧــــﻰ ﻓﻪرﻣﺎﻧﺒﻪرى ﻛﺎراﻣﻪ و ﺑﻪﺗﻮاﻧﺎش ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻪر‪‬ﻜــــﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ ھﻪوڵ دهدات ﺋﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﺗﻪﻛﻪى ڕادهﺳـﺘﻰ ﻛﻪﺳـﻰ‬ ‫دواى ﺧﯚى ﺑﻜﺎت ﺑﯚ ﺗﻪواوﻛــــــــــــﺮدﻧــــــــــــﻰ ر‪‬ﺒﺎزهﻛﻪ‪ .‬ھﻪر ﺋﻪو‬ ‫ﻓﻪرﻣﺎﻧﺒﻪرهش دهﺗﻮاﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﻪھﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ راﺳـــﺘﻪﻗﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺗﻪ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ر ھـــﻪر ﺋـــﻪرك و ﻛﺎر‪‬ﻚ‪ ،‬و ﻟـــﻪﺑـــﻪر ﺋـــﻪوهى ﻛـــﻪ ﺋــــﻪم‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪوه ھﺎﺗﻮوﻧﻪﺗﻪدى ﻛﻪ ﺑﮋﯾﻦ و ﺑﻪردهوام‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‪ ،‬دهﺑ‪ ‬ﺑﻪﺷــﺪار ﺑﻦ ﻟﻪ ھﻪر ﭼﺎﻻﻛﯿﻪك ﻛﻪ ﺳـــﻮود‪‬ﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﺸـــــــﺘﻰ ھﻪﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﯚﯾﻪ ﺑﻪردهوام ﺑﻪرهو ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــــﭽﻮون و‬ ‫داھ‪‬ﻨﺎن دهﻛﻪن و ﺗﻪﻧﮫﺎ ﻟﻪﺳـــﻪر ﺋﻪو ﺳــــﻪرﻛﻪوﺗﻨﺎﻧﻪش‬ ‫ﻧﺎژﯾﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ڕاﺑﺮدوودا ﺑﻪدﺳﺘﯿﺎن ھ‪‬ﻨﺎوه‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻪﻛﯚﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪا ده‪‬ﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ دهﺳﺘﮫ‪‬ﻨﺎن و ﺑﻪﺟ‪ ‬ھ‪‬ﺸـﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﻪھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮاﺗﯿﯿﻪﻛﺎن ﺑﯚ ﻧﻪوهى داھﺎﺗﻮو ﺑﻨﻪﻣﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺳـــﻪرهﻛﯿﯿﻪ ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدن‪ ،‬وﺑﻪردهوام ﺳـــﻪرهﺗﺎى ﺋﯿﺠﺮاﺋﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدﻧﻪﻛﻪ و‬ ‫داﻣﻪزر‪‬ﻨﻪرهﻛﺎن و ﺑﻪﺷﺪارﯾﻜﺮدﻧﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﺑﻪﺑﯿﺮدهھ‪‬ﻨﯿﻨﻪوه‬ ‫ﺑﯚ ﺋﻪوهى ﻣﻪﺷﺨﻪ‪‬ﯽ ﺑﻪﺧﺸـــﯿﻦ ﺑﻪردهوام ﺑ‪‬ﺖ و ﻟﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻧـــــــــ‪‬ﻮ‬ ‫ﺋﻪو ﻛﻪﺳـﻪ ﺑﮕﻪﺷــ‪‬ﺘﻪوه ﻛﻪ دهﭼ‪‬ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋـــــــــــﻪم ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاوه ‪.‬‬

‫‪猿も木から落ちる。 Saru mo ki kara ochiru Literally: Even monkeys fall from trees.‬‬ ‫‪Meaning: Everyone makes mistakes. / Nobodys perfect.‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬

“Working hard…

that’s the secret.

”

Overnight Turkish

Bebek Parkı, Bebek İskelesi, Bebek Camii ve Bebek Koyu (Şubat 2013)Bebek'in rağbet gören bir semt halne gelmesi III. Ahmed (hd. 1703-1730) ve sadrazam Nevşehirli Damat

İ

brahim Paşa zamanına rastlar. Bu dönemde Bebek Bahçesi'nde Hümayunabad Kasrı, Bebek Camii, mektep, çeşme, hamam, değirmen ve dükkânlar inşa edilmiş, semt kalabalıklaşmaya başlamış r; Türkler, Rumlar, Yahudiler, Gürcüler ve Ermeniler sem e köşkler konaklar, yalılar yap rmışlardır.

Sem n yazlık olmaktan çıkıp sürekli yaşanan bir semt haline gelmesinde 19. yy ortalarından i baren vapur seferlerinin başlamasının, daha sonra da tramvayın gelmesinin payı vardır. 19. yy'ın sonlarından i baren sahilde ve sırtlara doğru yalılar ve köşkler çoğalmış r. 1914'te Şirket-i Hayriye'nin yayımladığı Boğaziçi adlı kitapta, Bebek'te çoğunluğun Müslüman olduğu, ancak İngiliz, Fransız ve Amerikalıların da bulunduğu kaydedilmektedir. Amerikalıların varlığı 1863'te Bebek sırtlarında kurulan Robert Kolej ve Arnavutköy Amerikan Kız Koleji'nde ders veren öğretmenlere bağlanabilir.

1965-1970 sonrasındaki Boğaz tepelerini ve korularını tahrip eden hızlı yapılaşma sırasında Bebek sırtlarının yeşili büyük ölçüde ortadan kalkmış; ahşap ve eski kagir evler yıkılarak yerlerine apartmanlar dikilmiş, Bebek yokuş ama çok işlek bir yolla (İnşirah Yokuşu) E ler'e bağlanmış r.

Dr. Hawre Mansurbeg:

When these international companies decide to invest in Kurdistan, it means that their assessments were positive, so when they conclude that the environment in Kurdistan is proper for investment, it would be difficult for local companies to prove otherwise.

Dr. Hawre Mansurbeg, researcher, university lecturer and specialist in the energy sector speaks to Economy Magazine:

H

ow much confidence does the presence of companies like EXXON Mobil and Total give to other companies to continue investment in Kurdistan Region?

The Kurdistan Oil industry has passed the stage of needing endorsements; the evidence is in the full engagement of major international companies such as ExxonMobil and TOTAL. Initially there were unfounded rumors that Kurdistan had become a hub for the small and unknown companies; however it now has become clear that it is mainly the renowned, economically, industrially and technically well based companies working in the region, other companies now have difficulties in acquiring exploration and production licenses.

Many companies and investors in Kurdistan are concerned about the future of Kurdistan, how much does the booming of the Kurdistan oil industry give confidence to others?

Kurdistan, according to numerous statistics, is one of the regions that are witnessing the most rapid economic boom. The main pillar of Kurdistan economy is investing in the oil and gas industries. Such industries need an appropriate political and economic environment; the engagement of major international companies proves that such an environment in Kurdistan already exists and it gives a promising hope for the political and economic future.

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It is doubtless that such giant companies will not risk their capital without the support of influential lobbies and decision making sources. This means that the presence of ExxonMobil and TOTAL reflects the presence of USA and France.

Due to the presence of international oil companies, can Kurdistan companies feel safe about their future?

The major companies in Kurdistan invest large capital and most companies have numerous economic and international law experts who carry out inclusive assessment of all fields ahead their involvement in Kurdistan.

When these international companies decide to invest in Kurdistan, it means that their assessments were positive, so when they conclude that the environment in Kurdistan is proper for investment, it would be difficult for local companies to prove otherwise.

These oil companies consider the whole political and economic situation before their technical teams prepare and provide their assessments to the company decision makers. Many of these companies have signed 25 year contracts in Kurdistan, known as Production Sharing Contracts (PSC).

Such contracts put massive pressure on these companies to produce as much oil as possible and not seek short term gains.

This is the reason that the contracts signed with the KRG are considered as strategic contracts; this process enhances their presence in Kurdistan. I believe that such contracts are workable for Kurdistan, the Kurdish cause and the process of statehood. Kurds should not strife for financial purposes only. The Kurdish cause needs a real partnership with the international community too.

Kurdistan oil

Kurdistan, according to numerous statistics, is one of the regions that are witnessing the most rapid economic boom

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L

ionel Messi signed a new contract last week that will make him the highest-paid soccer player in the world at 27 million a year.

Going into the 2014 World Cup at age 26, Messi is already considered one of the best players ever and is already making more than $40 million with endorsements.

Despite that wealth and advertising exposure, he is one of the most private people in the sport.

He drives a $200,000 car and lives in a nice house, but there may not be a more unknowable athlete in the world than Messi

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Leonel

MESSI

Rotinda -travel:::::: is one of the most promising successful inbound and outbound tour operators in all countries, By the end of 2015 we are expecting to serve other locations such as dubai, austria, Germany, The United Kingdom and The United States of America. However, we aim to spread our wings all over the globe and reach even more international clientele within the next 5 years. Through the KURDISTAN and IRAQ network, we serve all your tour and travel requirements under one roof, offering a wide choice of products and services at competitive rates, our services includes. We Speak your Language: Our inbound reservations and outbound team can serve you 24 Hours a day / 7 Days a week , speaks Arabic , English , Spanish , French and German.

Logistics: we handled logistics for groups from 50 up to 1000 pax with excellent services quality. VIP services: deliver services above the standard for VIP clients.

Kurdistan-Erbil - Iraq Phone: +964 750 601 4171 - 0750 601 4181 Email: rotindasales@gmail.com

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‫ﺟﺎن ﺗﯿﺮۆل‬

‫‪THE SVERIGES RISKSBANK‬‬ ‫‪PRIZE IN ECONOMIC‬‬ ‫‪SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF‬‬ ‫‪ALFERED NOBEL 2014‬‬ ‫ﻟ‪‬ﻜﯚ‪‬ﻪرهوهﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﻓﻪرهﻧﺴﯿﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻪ‪‬ﺗﻰ )ﻧﯚﺑ‪‬ﻞ(ى ﻟﻪ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى‬ ‫وهرﮔﺮﺗﻮوه ﺑﯚ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﻰ ‪٢٠١٤‬‬ ‫ﻟ‪‬ﻜﯚ‪‬ﻪرهوهﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﻓﻪرهﻧﺴـــــــــــــﯿﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻪﻻﺗـــﻰ )ﻧﯚﺑ‪‬ﻞ(ى ﻟﻪ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى وهرﮔـــﺮﺗﻮوه ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺳــــﺎ‪‬ﻰ ‪ ،٢٠١٤‬ﻧﺎوﺑﺮاو ﺳــــ‪‬ﯿﻪم ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﻨﺎﺳـــــﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻪرهﻧﺴـــــــــــــــــــﯿﯿﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺋﻪم ﺟﯚره ﺧﻪ‪‬ﺗﻪى‬ ‫وهرﮔﺮﺗﺒ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻪ دواى ﺟﯿﺮار دﯾﺒﺮۆ ﻟﻪ ﺳـــــــــﺎ‪‬ﻰ‬ ‫‪ ١٩٨٣‬و ﻣﯚرﯾﺲ ﺋﺎﻟﯿﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺳـــﺎ‪‬ﻰ ‪ .١٩٨٨‬ﺗﯿﺮۆل‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ھﯚى ﺗﻮ‪‬ـﮋﯾﻨﻪوه ﺟﯚاروﺟﯚرهﻛﺎﻧـﻰ دهرﺑﺎرهى‬ ‫داراﯾــــــﻰ و ﻛﯚﻣﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎو ﺑﺎزارهﻛﺎن ﺋﻪم ﺧﻪ‪‬ﺗﻪى‬ ‫وهرﮔﺮﺗﻮوه‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷـﯿﻜﻪرهوهﻛﺎﻧﻰ دهرﺑﺎرى ﺗﻮاﻧﺎ‬ ‫و ھ‪‬ﺰى ﺑﺎزاڕ و ڕ‪‬ﺴـــــــﺎ ر‪‬ﻜﺨﺮاوهﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺎزاڕ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪن ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﻨﺎﺳــﻪﻛﺎﻧﻪوه ﻧﺎﺳــﺮاوه‪ ،‬ﯾﻪﻛ‪‬ﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻛﻪﺳــــــــــــــــﺎﯾﻪﺗﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪردهﻣﻰ ﺋ‪‬ﻤﻪدا‪ .‬ﺗﯿﺮۆل ﻟﻪ ﺷﺎرى) ﺗﺮوا (ى‬ ‫ﻓﻪرهﻧﺴﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﻰ ‪ ١٩٥٣‬ﻟﻪداﯾﻚ ﺑﻮوه‪ ،‬ﺑﺎوﻛﻰ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﯾﺸـــــــــــــــــــــــﻚ ﺑﻮو و داﯾﻜﻰ واﻧﻪى و‪‬ﮋهﯾﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺗﻮوﺗﻪوه‪ .‬ھﻪﻧﮕﺎوه ﺳــــــــــــــﻪرهﺗﺎﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﯿـــــــــﺮﻛﺎرى ﺑﻮوهو ﺑــــــــــ‪‬واﻧﺎﻣﻪى ﺋﻪﻧﺪازﯾﺎرى‬ ‫ﺑﻪدهﺳـــــــــــــﺖ ھ‪‬ﻨﺎوه ﻟﻪ ﺑﻮارى ﺑ‪‬ﯾﻨﻰ ر‪‬ﮕﺎ و‬ ‫دروﺳــــﺘﻜﺮﻧﻰ ﭘﺮدهﻛﺎن‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺷـــــﺎن ﻟﻪ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‪‬ﻨﺪووه و ﻟﻪ ﺗﻪﻣﻪﻧﻰ ‪ ٢١‬ﺳــــﺎ‪‬ﯿﺪا ﺑ‪‬واﻧﺎﻣﻪى‬ ‫دﻛﺘﯚراى ﻟﻪ ﭘﻪﯾﻤﺎﻧﮕﺎى ﻣﺎﺳﺎﺗﺸﻮﺳﯿﺘﺲ ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻛﻨﻪﻟﯚژﯾﺎ ﻟﻪ وﯾﻼﯾﻪﺗﻪ ﯾﻪﻛﮕــــــﺮﺗﻮهﻛﺎﻧـــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣﺮﯾﻜﺎ ﺑﻪدهﺳـــــــــــﺘﻰ ھ‪‬ﻨﺎوه‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺷـــــــــــﺎن‬ ‫ﮔﻪراوهﺗﻪوه ﺑـﯚ ﺗـﻮﻟـﻮز و ﭘﻪﯾﻤﺎﻧﮕﺎى ﺋﺎﺑــﻮورى‬ ‫ﻛﺸـــــــــــــﺘﻮﻛﺎ‪‬ﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻮز داﯾﻤﻪزراﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻪﯾﻤﺎﻧﮕﺎى ﺗﻮﻟﻮز ﺑﯚ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﻧﺎﺳـــــــــــــﺮاوه‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪھﯚى ﻟ‪‬ﻜﯚ‪‬ﯿﻨﻪوه ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧـﻰ ﭼﻪﻧﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻪﻻﺗــــﻰ وهرﮔــــﺮﺗﻮوه ﻟﻪواﻧﻪش ﻣﻠﻮاﻧﻜﻪى‬ ‫ز‪‬ﺮﯾﻦ ﻟﻪﺳــــــــــــﺎ‪‬ﻰ ‪ ٢٠٠٧‬ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺋﻪﻧﺠﻮﻣﻪﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺸــــــــــﺘﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﯚ ﺗﻮ‪‬ﮋﯾﻨﻪوهى زاﻧﺴـــــــــــﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــﻜ‪‬ﺸــــــﻰ ﻛﺮا‪ .‬ﺳﻨﺪوﻗﻰ ﻧ‪‬ﻮدهو‪‬ﻪﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻧ‪‬ﻮان ‪ ٢٥‬ﻧﺎودا ﻧﺎوﺑـــﺮاوى ھﻪ‪‬ﺒــــﮋاردووه ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻪى ﺷﺎرهزاى ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى‪ .‬ﺗﯿﺮۆل ﺷﻜﺴــــــــﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزاڕى ﺋﺎزادى ﺳﻪﻟﻤﺎﻧﺪووه و ﺷﻜﺴــــــــــــﺘﻰ‬ ‫ڕﻛﺎﺑﻪرى ھﺎﻧﺪاﻧــــــــــــﻰ ﺑﻪرھﻪم ھ‪‬ﻨﻪﻛﺎن ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــــــــــــﻜﻪﺷﻜﺮدﻧﻰ ﺑﻪرھﻪﻣﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺮخ و ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـــــــــــــــﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻛﻮا‪‬ﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺳــــــــــــــــﻪﻟﻤﺎﻧﺪووه‪ ،‬وهك ﭼﯚن ﻟﻪ ﺑﯿﺮدۆزه‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﯿﻪ ﻛﻼﺳــــــــــــــﯿﻜﯿﻪﻛﺎن ھﺎﺗﻮوه ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿــــــﺮدۆزه ﺑﯿـــــــﺮﻛﺎرﯾﯿﻪﻛـــــــﻰ ﺧﯚى ﺑﻪﻧﺎوى‬ ‫‪...GameTheory‬ﺑﺎﺳــــــﻰ ﻟ‪‬ﻮه ﻛﺮدووه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪو ھﯚﯾﻪوه ﺧﻪ‪‬ﺗــــــــــــــــــــــﻰ )ﻧﯚﺑ‪‬ﻞ(ى‬ ‫وهرﮔﺮﺗﻮوه‪.‬‬

‫‪The Theory of‬‬ ‫‪Corporate Finance‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬

GAME THEORY INVENTOR

Jean Tirol (born 9 August 1953)is a French professor of economics. He focuses on industrial organization, game theory, banking and ďŹ nance, and economics and psychology. in 2014 he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic sciences for his analysis of market power and regulation

‫دﻣﺎوﻧﺪ دزةﻳﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻟﻠﻤﺸــﺮوع اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ ورﻟﺪ و ﺑﮫﺬا‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة ﻳﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ و ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺸــــــﺮوع اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺪ اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸــــــــﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﮫﺎ اﺳﺘﻤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫اﻻن واﻟﺬي ﻧﺎل اﻟـــــــﺜﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑـــــــﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‪ ,‬ھﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺸـــــــﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم ﻋﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت واﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎت ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ؟‬ ‫ان اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﻗﺪ ﻻ اﺳــــﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﮫﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﺎ وﻻﻛﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻛﺜﺮ اھﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﮫﺎ ھﻮ ان ﻣﺸـﺮوع‬ ‫اﻣﺒﺎﻳــﺮ ﻣﻠـــﺰم ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻔﻘـــﺮات اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻓـــﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻴﺎت ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﻌﻘﺎر‪ ,‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬ ‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‪ ,‬اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸـﻮارع اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪...‬اﻟﺦ ﻋﺪا ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﻻﻣﻦ و اﻟﮫﺪوء واﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ واﻻﺗﺼــــــــــــــــﺎﻻات‬ ‫واﻟﺴـــﻮق واﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ اﻟﺼــــﺤﻴﺔ واﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ واﻟﻔﻨﺎدق‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻄﺎﻋﻢ ذات اﻟﻤﺴـــﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ واﻳﻀـــﺎ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﻔﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫وﻧﻈﺎم )ﺳﻤﺎرت ھﻮم( وھﻮ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪا ﻳﺴــــــــــــــﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﻮت واﻟﺸـﻘﻖ‪ ,‬واﻟﺬي ﻳﺴـﻌﺪﻧﻲ اﻛﺜﺮ ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻲ ﻟﮫﺬا اﻟﻤﺸـــــــــﺮوع اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ارﺑﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎرك ﺳــــــــــــــﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ وﻣﻄﺎرارﺑﻴﻞ و‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻟﻤﺎن ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن‪ ,‬اي ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼـــــــــــــــﺮ اﻻزدﺣﺎﻣﺎت و اﻻﺧﺘﻨﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻓﺄن ﻣﺴـــﺘﻮﻃﻦ اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ ﻻﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ داﺧﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻮ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻓﻀـــــــــــﻞ ﻻﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن وﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ‬ ‫ارﺑﻴﻞ‪ ,‬ﻣﺎھﻮ ھﺪف ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﻜﻢ ؟‬ ‫ھﺪﻓﻨﺎ ھﻮ اﻛﻤﺎل ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸـــــــﺮوع ﻓﻲ وﻗﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ,‬وان ﻳﺘﻌﺎون اﻟﺰﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻘﺎت ﻓﻲ وﻗﺘﮫﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﮫﺪف ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﻞ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺸــــﺮوع ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ارﺑﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ام ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت اﻻﺧﺮى ﻷﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻛﻮردﺳﺘﺎن ؟‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ان ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻓﻲ وﻗﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺘﻮاﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ارﺑﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﺮع اﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ اي ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﺮاﻗﻴﺔ اﺧﺮى ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪا ﻣﺠﺎل اﻻﺳﻜﺎن ھﻞ ﻟﺪﻳﻜﻢ ﻣﺸـــﺎرﻳﻊ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺴــــﻤﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﺧﺮة داﺧﻞ او ﺧﺎرج اﻻﻗﻠﻴﻢ ؟‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ اﺷﺮت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ان ﻣﺸــــــﺮوع اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ ھﻮ اﺣﺪ ﻣﺸــــــﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻮن‪ ,‬ﻋﺪا ﻣﺸـﺮوع اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺎن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻮن ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻳﻀــــــــــــــــــــﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﻨﻔﻂ و اﻟﻐﺎز‪ ,‬واﻻﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻟـــــــــــــــــــــــﺰراﻋﺔ و اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ واﻟﺒﻨﺎء و اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫واﻻﺗﺼــــــــﺎﻻت ‪...‬اﻟﺦ‪ ,‬و ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺷﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻮن ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪١٦‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸـــــــﺮوع اﻣﺒﺎي؟ ھﻞ ھﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﺪي ام اﻻﻗﺴـــــــــــــــﺎط ؟ واذا ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺴـــــﺎط ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ؟ وﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ان ﻳﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﺰﺑﻮن ﻛﺘﺄﻣﻴﻦ؟‬ ‫ان ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﺸــــــــﻘﻖ و اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﺷﻜﺎل ‪ :‬ﻛﺎش ) ﻧﻘﺪ(‪,‬‬ ‫اﻗﺴﺎط ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬اﻗﺴـﺎط ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻻﻣﺪ وﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﻮن‬ ‫اي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ ھﻮﻳﺔ اﻻﺣﻮال اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ وﻣﺴـــــــــﺘﻤﺴـــــــــﻜﺎت‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎھﻲ )اﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ( اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮫﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸـﺮوﻋﻜﻢ و ﻣﺎ ھﻲ اﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﺪ اﻻن ؟‬ ‫ارﻳﺪ ان اﻛﻮن اﻛﺜﺮ وﺿﻮﺣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﺟﺎﺑﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﺴـــــــــﺆال‪ ,‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‪ ,‬ﻻﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ان ﻧﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻖ‪ ,‬ﻻن ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺸــــﺮوع ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺸـــــﺎرﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﺮاﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ‪ ,‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳـــــــﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ و‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﺘﮫﻲ ﺑﻨﺴــــــــﺒﺔ ‪ ٪١٠٠‬وﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴــــﺒﺔ ‪ ,٪٣٠‬ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤﺸـــــﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻜﺒﺮى ﻳﺠﺐ ان‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷــــﻜﻞ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‪ ,‬وﻳﺠﺐ ان ﻳﻮﺿــــﻊ ﻟﮫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ و ﺧﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻳﺔ وإﻻ ﻓﺴـﻮف ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼــﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺸــﻞ‬ ‫واﻻﻧﮫﻴﺎر‪ ,‬ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﻒ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺼـــﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺸـــﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ واﻟﺬي ﺗﺴـــﺒﺐ ﺑﺎﺿﺮار وﻓﺸــــﻞ ﻟﮫﻢ و ﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻨﮫﻢ‪ ,‬وھﺬا‬ ‫ھﻮ اﻟﺴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺠﺎح و اﺳﺘﻤﺮار اي ﻣﺸﺮوع ﺿﺨﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎھﻮ ﺣﻠﻤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴـــــﺘﻘﺒﻞ ؟ وﻣﺎھﻮ اﻟﻤﺸــــــﺮوع اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻤﺤﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬه ؟‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺷـــــــﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻮن اﻻﺣﻼم ﻛﺜﻴﺮة وھﻨﺎك ﺧﻄﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬھﺎ‪ ,‬وﻻﻛﻦ ﺣﻠﻢ اﻻﺳـــــــــــــــــــﺘﻘﻼل و اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ واﻻﻧﺘﻌﺎش‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼــــﺎدي ﻟﻜﻮردﺳﺘﺎن ﻳﻔﻮق ﻛﻞ اﻻﺣﻼم‪ ,‬وﻧﺘﻤﻨﻰ ان ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪا اﻟﺸـﻘﻖ اﻟﺴــﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺸــﺮوع اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ؟ اي‬ ‫ھﻞ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﻮت ﻛﺒﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ؟‬

‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ ورﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ‬

‫·اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺰﻧﺲ ﻛﻤﺒﻠﺲ ‪ /‬اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري‬ ‫·اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺰﻧﺲ ﺗﺎورس ‪ /‬اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري‬ ‫·اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ داﻳﻤﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎورس‪ /‬ﺳﻜﻨﻲ‬ ‫·اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ وﻳﻨﻜﺲ ‪ /‬ﺳﻜﻨﻲ‬ ‫·اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺎورس ‪ /‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬ ‫·ﺟﻲ دﺑﻠﻴﻮ ﻣﺎرﻳﻮت ھﻮﺗﻴﻞ ‪ /‬ﺳﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫·اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ روﻳﺎل اﺑﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﺖ ‪ /‬ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ‪ ٨٠٦‬اﺑﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫·اﻣﺒﺎﻳﺮ روﻳﺎل ﻓﻴﻠﻼ ‪ /‬ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ‪ ٣٠٤‬ﻓﻴﻠﻼ‬

‫رۆژ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺑ‪ ‬ھﻪواڵ ﺑﻮو !‬

‫ﻟﻪ‬

‫ھﻪﯾﻨﻰ ) ‪ ( ١٩٣٠/٤/١٨‬ﺑ‪‬ﮋهرى رادﯾﯚى ﺑﯽ ﺑﯽ ﺳـﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ھﻪوا‪‬ﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺎژ‪‬ﺮ ﺷــــــﻪش و ﻧﯿﻮى ﺋ‪‬ﻮاره‬ ‫راﯾﮕﻪﯾﺎﻧﺪن ھـﯿﭻ ھﻪواﻟـ‪‬ﻚ ﻧـﯿـﯿﻪ ھﻪﯾـﻨــﯿــﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎش‪ ،‬رۆژ‪‬ﻜــــــــــــــــــﻰ ﺑــــــــــــــــــ‪ ‬ھﻪواڵ ﺑﻮو‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﯿﺸـــــــــــــﻪ ﺑﯽ ﺑﯽ ﺳﯽ رادﯾﯚﯾﻪﻛﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪرﯾﺘﺎﻧﯿﯿﻪ و دهﺳـﺘﻪﯾﻪﻛﻰ راﮔﻪﯾﺎﻧﺪى ﺑ‪‬ﻼﯾﻪﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرهﮔﺎﯾﻪﻛﻰ دهﻛﻪو‪‬ﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻧﺸــﯿﻨﻰ ﯾﻪﻛﮕﺮﺗﻮو‬ ‫) ﺑﻪرﯾﺘﺎﻧﯿﺎ (و ﻟﻪ ﺳــــــــــــــــــﺎ‪‬ﻰ ‪ ١٩٢٢‬داﻣﻪزراوه‪.‬‬

‫‪ithout‬‬

‫‪Any 4/18/1930‬‬ ‫‪News‬‬

Erbil Information Erbil is the oldest and continuously inhabited city in the entire world and throughout the history of mankind. The Sumerians were the first people to appear in Mesopotamia and until now, scientists cannot agree on their origin. However, most historians confirm the Sumerians passage from Kurdistan (Northern Mesopotamia) to South Iraq. This is where they built the first civilizations ever in history. The origin of Erbil's name is as rich as the region's history. "Urbiliom" is the origin of the name Erbil, according to the King of Sumeria's writings from around 200 B.C. The name Erbil was first mentioned in Sumerian historic writings from around the year 3000 B.C. The Acadians mentioned 'Erbil' as "Urbil" in the second half of the third millennium B.C while the Assyrians used the name "ArbaIlo" which means 'The

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Four Gods' from the middle of the third millennium until midst first millennium B.C. The city, regardless of name experienced many important events in history. The Erbil area witnessed one of the most historic battles between Alexander the Great and Achaemenid King Darius, The Battle of Arbella or Gaugamela, in the fourth century B.C In books written by Arab or other historians, the name is mentioned in the form of 'Erbl' and as 'Erbil.

No wonder that this great historical city is gaining more and more success each day that passes. There is something magical about this city. You can feel it while walking in its historical streets, you can feel it when you visit one of the its monuments or landmarks.

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‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪67‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺋ‪‬و ﯾﺎﺳــﺎﯾ‪‬ی ﮐ‪) ‬ﺋﻨﺪروو ﮐﺎر‪‬ﻨﮕﯽ( ﺑﯚ )ﻧﺎﭘﻠﯿﻮن ھ‪ (‬ﺋﺎﺷـــﮑﺮا ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﮐ‪ ‬ﻧﮫ‪‬ﻨﯽ و ھﯚﮐﺎری ﺳــــــــــــــــــ‪‬رﮐ‪‬وﺗﻨﯽ ﺑﻮون ﺑﺮﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﻟ‪ ‬ﺋ‪‬ﻣﺎﻧ‪‬ی‬ ‫ﺧﻮارەوە‪:‬‬

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‫ﻣ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺳــــــــﺘ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ت ﭘ‪‬ﻨﺎﺳــــــــ‪ ‬ﺑﮑ‪ .‬ﭘﻼﻧ‪‬ﮑﯽ ﮐﺎر ﮐﺮدن داﺑ‪‬ﮋە و‬

‫راﺳﺘ‪‬وﺧﯚ ﮐﺎری ﭘ‪ ‬ﺑﮑ‪ ‬و ﻟ‪ ‬ﻻﻣ‪‬دە‪.‬‬

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‫ھﺎوﭘ‪‬ﯾﻤﺎﻧﯿ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﮑﯽ ﺑ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬دروﺳـــــــــﺖ ﺑﮑ‪ .‬ﭘ‪‬ﯾﻮﻧﺪی و ﮐﺎر ﻟ‪‬‬ ‫ﮔ‪‬ڵ ﺋ‪‬و ﮐﺎﺳﺎﻧ‪‬دا ﺑﮑ‪ ‬ﮐ‪ ‬ﺷﺘ‪‬ﮑﯿﺎن ھ‪‬ﯾ‪ ‬ﮐ‪ ‬ﺗﯚ ﻧﯿﺘ‪.‬‬

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‫ھ‪‬ردەم ھ‪‬ﻧﮕﺎو‪‬ﮏ زﯾﺎﺗـﺮ ﺑﮫﺎو‪‬ــﮋە‪ .‬ﺋ‪‬وﮐﺎرەی ﮐ‪ ‬دەﺑ‪‬ﺖ‬

‫ﺑـــﯿﮑ‪‬ﯾﺖ ﺑ‪ ‬زﯾﺎدەوە ﺋ‪‬ﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﺪە‪ ،‬ﺋ‪‬وە دەﺑـــ‪‬ـــﺘ‪ ‬ﮐﻠـــﺘﻮر ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬واﻧﯿﺶ ﮐ‪ ‬ﻟ‪ ‬ژ‪‬ﺮ ﭼﺎود‪‬ﺮی ﺗﯚدا ﮐﺎر دەﮐ‪‬ن‪.‬‬

‫ﮔ‪‬ﺷـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‪ ‬ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑﺎوەر ﺑ‪ ‬ﺧﯚ ﺑﻮوﻧﺖ ﺑﺪە‪ .‬ﺋﯿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﺑ‪ ‬ﺧﯚت و‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺳـــــﺘ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ﺷــــــﺖ ھ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﯚ ﺋ‪‬وەی ﮐ‪ ‬ﺑ‪ ‬ورەﯾ‪‬ﮐﯽ ﺑ‪‬رزەوە‬ ‫رووﺑ‪‬رووی ﮐ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺒﯿﺘ‪‬وە‪.‬‬

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‫ﻟ‪ ‬ﮐﺎرﮐــــــﺮدن ﭘ‪‬ﺶ ھ‪‬ﻧﮕﺎو ﺑ‪ .‬ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑـــــــ‪ ‬ﺋ‪‬وەی ﮐ‪ ‬ﭘ‪‬ﺖ‬

‫ﺑﮕﻮﺗﺮ‪‬ﺖ ﮐﺎرەﮐ‪‬ی ﺧﯚت ﺋ‪‬ﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﺪە‪.‬‬

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‫ﭘ‪‬رە ﺑ‪ ‬ﺧ‪‬ﯾﺎ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺪە‪ .‬ﺑﻮ‪‬ــﺮ ﺑ‪ ‬ﻟ‪ ‬ﺑﯿــﺮﮐـــﺮدﻧ‪‬وە ﻟ‪ ‬ﺋ‪‬و‬

‫ﺷﺘﺎﻧ‪‬ی ﮐ‪ ‬ﺗﺎ ﺋ‪‬ﺴﺘﺎ ﮐ‪‬س ﺋ‪‬ﻧﺠﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬داون‪.‬‬

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‫ﺣ‪‬ز و ﺋﺎرەزوت ھ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﯚ ﮐﺎرەﮐ‪‬ت‪ .‬ﮔ‪‬ش ﺑﯿﻨــــــــــﯽ ھﯚﮐﺎر‪‬ﮑ‪ ‬ﺑﯚ‬

‫ﺋ‪‬وەی ﮐ‪ ‬ﮐ‪‬ﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺮ ﺑ‪ ‬ﭼﺎوی ر‪‬ﺰەوە ﺳ‪‬ﯾﺮت ﺑﮑ‪‬ن‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑ‪ ‬دﯾﻘ‪‬ت و وردی ﺑﯿﺮﺑﮑ‪‬وە‪ .‬ﺑ‪ ‬ﻗﺴـــــ‪‬ی ھ‪ ‬ورد ﺑﯿﺮﮐﺮدﻧ‪‬وە ﺑﺮﯾﺘﯿ‪‬‬

‫ﻟ‪" ‬ﺟﯿﺎﮐﺮدﻧ‪‬وەی راﺳﺘﯽ ﻟ‪ ‬ﺋ‪‬ﻓﺴـــﺎﻧ‪ ‬و ج‪‬ﺒ‪‬ج‪‬ﮑﺮدﻧﯽ ﻟ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ر ﮐ‪‬ﺸـــ‪ ‬و‬ ‫ﮐﺎرەﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﯚت"‪.‬‬

‫‬‫ ﻗﺎزاﻧﺞ ﻟ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺷـــــــــــــــــــ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺗﯿ‪‬ﮐﺎن وەرﺑﮕﺮە‪ .‬ﻟ‪ ‬ﺑﯿﺮت ﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﮐ‪ " ‬ر‪‬ﮋەی‬‫ھ‪‬و‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﺖ ﭼﺮ ﺑﮑ‪‬وە‪ .‬ﻻڕێ ﻣ‪‬ﺑ‪ ‬ﻟ‪ ‬ﺋ‪‬و ﻣ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ی ﮐ‪ ‬ھ‪‬ﺗ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻮدەﮐﺎﻧﯽ ھ‪‬ر ﺷﮑﺴــــــــﺘ‪‬ﮏ ﯾ‪‬ﮐﺴــــــــﺎﻧﻦ ﺑ‪ ‬ر‪‬ﮋەی زەرەرەﮐﺎﻧﯽ" ھ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺳﯿﻮﯾ‪‬ﺗﯽ‪.‬‬

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.‫و دەﮐﺮدەوە‬‫وﺗﻦ ﺑ‬‫رﮐ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻜﻰ‬‫وە ﭘﻪرﺗﻮﻛ‬‫ﮐ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ ( ﺑ‬١٩٣٧ ) ‫ﯽ‬‫ ﺳـﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ ﻧﺎوﻧﯿﺸﺎﻧﯽ‬‫وﺗﻮوﯾﺎن ﻧﻮوﺳﯽ ﺑ‬‫رﮐ‬‫زۆر ﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﺪی‬‫ﻣ‬‫ت دەو‬‫ﺷـــــــ‬‫وە و ﮔ‬‫" ﺑﯿﮑﺮدﻧ‬ ‫رﺗـﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ ﺧﻮﯾﻨ‬‫ ﭘـ‬‫و ﮐﺎت ﺑﻮو ﺑ‬‫ ﺋ‬‫ﺖ" ﮐ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ زووﯾــــــــــــــــــــﯽ ﻟ‬‫ر زۆر ﺑ‬‫ﭘﻪرﺗﻮك وە ھ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎزارەﮐﺎﻧﺪا ﺗﯿﺮاژی ﻧ‬

‫وﺗﻦ‬‫رﮐ‬‫زاﻧﺴﺘﯽ ﺳ‬

‫ ﮐﺎری‬‫ﻨﮕﯽ( ﺑ‬‫ )ﺋﻨﺪروو ﮐﺎر‬‫ ( ﯾﺎﺳــــــــﺎ ﮐ‬١٠ ) ‫ﻧﺪ ﺑﻮو‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨﺎو و زۆر ﭘﯽ دەو‬‫ھ‬ ( ١٨٤٨ ) ‫ﯽ‬‫ ﺳـــــــــــــــــﺎ‬‫ﻨﮕﯽ( ﻟ‬‫)ﺋﻨﺪروو ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ ﺧﺎوەﻧﯽ‬‫ﮑﺪا ﮐ‬‫ ﮐﺎﺗ‬‫ﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ و ﻟ‬‫ ﺋ‬‫ﯾﺸﺘ‬‫ﮔ‬ ) ‫ﯽ‬‫ ﺳــــــﺎ‬‫م ﻟ‬‫ﺑﻮو ﺑ‬‫ک دۆﻻری ﺧﯚی ﻧ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺳﯽ ﺟﯿﮫﺎن‬‫ﻧﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ ( دا ﺑﯚ ﺑﻪ دەو‬١٩٠١ ..‫دا‬‫ردەﻣ‬‫و ﺳ‬‫ ﺋ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ ﻧﺎوی )ﻧﺎﭘﻠﯿﻮن‬‫ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎ ﺑ‬‫ﮑﯽ ﺑ‬‫ﻧﻮوﺳـ‬‫ڕۆژﻧﺎﻣ‬ ‫ر ﭼﯿﺮۆﮐﯽ‬‫ ﺳـــــــــــــــ‬‫ ﮐﺎری زۆر ﻟ‬‫( ﮐ‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﯾﻮەﻧﺪی ﺑ‬‫ﮏ دەﮐﺮد ﭘ‬‫وﺗﻨﯽ ﺧ‬‫رﮐ‬‫ﺳـــــ‬ ‫وەی‬‫ﻨﮕــــﯽ( ﯾﻪوە ﮐـــــﺮد ﺑﻮو ﺋ‬‫)ﺋﻨﺪروو ﮐﺎر‬ ‫وﺗﻨﯽ‬‫رﮐ‬‫ر ھﯚﮐﺎرەﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﺳ‬‫ ﺳ‬‫ﮏ ﻟ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺑﺎﺑ‬ ‫رﺳــــﺎم ﺑﯚ ﺑ‬‫وﯾﺶ زۆر ﺳـــ‬‫ ﺋ‬،‫ﺖ‬‫ﺑﻨﻮﺳـــ‬ ‫وە و‬‫ﻧﻮوﺳـــــــــ‬‫م رۆژﻧﺎﻣ‬‫رﻣﯽ ﺋ‬‫ﻦ ﮔ‬‫ﺧﯚ‬ ‫ﺗــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﯽ‬‫ﺪا ﻛﻪ زۆر ﺟﺎر ﺑﺎﺑ‬‫ﮐﺎری ﭘ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﻨﯿ‬‫ر ﻧﮫ‬‫ ﺳ‬‫ﺸﯿﺎن ﻟ‬‫رﻧﺠﺮاﮐ‬‫ﺳ‬

“ “

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.

He built a leadership role as a philanthropist for America and the British Empire

As I grow older, I pay less attention to what men say. I just watch what they do.

You cannot push any one up a ladder unless he be willing to climb a little himself.

Do your duty and a little more and the future will take care of itself.

He that cannot reason is a fool. He that will not is a bigot. He that dare not is a slave.

Do not look for approval except for the consciousness of doing your best.

I would as soon leave my son a curse as the almighty dollar.

The first man gets the oyster, the second man gets the shell.

Andrew Carnegie

49

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‫ﺑﻪھ‪‬ﺰى ﺋﻪم ﻛﻪرﺗﻪ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﯿﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﯾﻮەﻧﺪﯾﯿ‪‬ﮐﯽ زوری ھ‪‬ﯾ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺸﻜﻪوﺗﻨﯽ ﻓﻪرھﻪﻧﮕﯿﯿﻪوه و ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴﺘﻪ ھﻪر ﺗﺎﻛ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻮﻣﻪ‪‬ﮕﺎدا‬ ‫دهرووﻧﯽ ﺧﯚى ﺑﯚ ﭘ‪‬ﺸﻮازى ﻛﺮدن ﻟﻪ ﮔﻪﺷﺘﯿﺎران ﺑﮕﻮﻧﺠ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺖ ﺗﺎﻛﻮ‬ ‫و‪‬ﺗﻪﻛﻪی ﻟ‪‬و ﺳﻮده ﺑﻪھ‪‬ﺰهدا ﺳﻮدﻣﻪﻧﺪ ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬

‫“‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻤﺎل ﺳﻪرﻧﻮﺳﻪر‬

‫ﯾﻪﻛ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪ ﮔﺮﻧﮕﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳـــــــــــــــﻪرﭼﺎوهﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺑﻮورى ﻟﻪ ھﻪﻧﺪ‪‬ﻚ و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﯿﮫﺎﻧﺪا ﮔﻪﺷﺖ‬ ‫و ﮔﯚزاره‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪت و‪‬ﺗﻪ دﯾﻤﻮﻛـــﺮاس ﺧﻮاز‬ ‫و ﺳــﻜﯿﯚﻻرﯾﺰﻣﻪﻛﺎن زهﻣﯿﻨﻪﯾﺎن ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎرﺗﺮه ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﭘﻪرهﭘ‪‬ﺪاﻧﻰ ﺋﻪم ﻛﻪرﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻪﺷــــــــﺖ و ﮔﯚزار‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬ﺠﮕﻪ ﻟﻪوهى ﺳــــــــﻪرﭼﺎوهﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧـــــﺰﻣ‪‬ﻜــــــﻰ ﮔــــــﺮﻧﮕﻪ ﺑﯚ ﮔﻮڕﯾﻨﻪوهى‬ ‫ﻓﻪرھﻪﻧﮕﻪﻛﺎن و ﭘ‪‬ﺶ ﺧﺴــــــــــﺘﻨﻰ ﺋﺎﺳﺘﻰ‬ ‫ڕۆﺷــــــــــــــــــــﻨﺒﯿﺮى ﻛﯚﻣﻪ‪‬ﮕﺎ و زۆر ﺟﺎرﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳــﻪرﻣﺎﯾﻪدار ﺑﻪﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳــﺘﻰ ﮔﻪﺷـــﺖ ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﺳـــــــﻪرداﻧﻰ و‪‬ﺗﺎن دهﻛﻪن و دواﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﺮۆﻛﻪى‬ ‫وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﺎن ﻟﻪو و‪‬ﺗﻪدا ﺑﯚى دروﺳـــــــــــــــﺖ‬ ‫دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻪﺷـــﺘﻰ ﺑﯚى ﻛﺮدووه ﺑﻪﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪت‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﻓﻪرھﻪﻧﮕــــــــــــــﻰ ﺧﻪ‪‬ﻚ و زهﻣﯿﻨﻪى‬ ‫وهﺑﻪرھ‪‬ﻨﺎن و ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻪﻣﻰ ﺣﻮﻛﻤ‪‬اﻧﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﮔﻪڵ ﺋﻪﻣﻪﺷﺪا ﺧﺎ‪‬ﻰ ﻧ‪‬ﮕﻪﺗﯿﭭﯿﺸــﻰ‬ ‫ھﻪﯾﻪ ﻛﻪ زۆر ﺟﺎر ﮔﻪﺷــــــﺖ و ﮔﯚزار دهﺑ‪‬ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ھﻪ‪‬ﻚ ﺗﺎﻛﻮ ﻟﻪ ژ‪‬ﺮ ﺳـــــــــــ‪‬ﺒﻪرﯾﯿﻪوه دهزﮔﺎ‬ ‫ﺳـــــﯿﺨﻮڕﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن ﺑﻪﺳــــــﻪر ﯾﻪﻛﺘﺮ ﭼﺎﻻك‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪن‪ ،‬ھﻪروهھﺎ ﮔﻮاﺳـﺘﻨﻪوهى ﻧﻪﺧﯚﺷــﯿﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺗﺮﺳـــــــﯿﺪارهﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ ر‪‬ﮕﺎى ﮔﻪﺷــــــــﺖ و‬ ‫ﮔﯚزارهوه زۆر ﺟﺎر دهﮔﻮازر‪‬ــــــــــــﻨﻪوه‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻪ ﭘﻪﯾـــــــﻮهﻧﺪﯾﺪارهﻛﺎن ورﯾﺎ ﺑﻦ و‬ ‫‪51‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــــــــــــــــــــــــﺘﻪﻣ‪‬ﻜﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺎن ھﻪﺑ‪‬ﺖ و‬ ‫ﺧﻪﻣﺴــــــﺎردى ﺗ‪‬ﺪا ﻧﻪﻛﺮ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬زهﺣﻤﻪﺗﻪ ﺋﻪم‬ ‫ﺧﺎ‪‬ﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﮕﻪﺗﯿﭭﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرﯾﯿﻪﻛـــــﻰ ﺋﻪوﺗﯚﯾﺎن‬ ‫ھﻪﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ .‬ﺋﻪﮔﻪرﭼـــﻰ ﺋﻪو ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻪراﻧﻪ زۆرن ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دهﺑﻨﻪ ھﯚى ﻻواز ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﻛﻪرﺗﻰ ﮔﻪﺷـــــــﺖ و‬ ‫ﮔـﯚزارى ﻟﻪ و‪‬ﺗﺪا‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م ﻟﻪم ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺗﻪ دهﻣﻪوێ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺸـــــــــــــــﻚ ﺑﺨﻪﻣﻪ ﺳﻪر ﻻﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﻛﻪﻟﺘﻮرى‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﻪ‪‬ﮕﺎ و ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻪر ﻛﻪرﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﺷـــــــــــــــــــــﺖ و ﮔﯚزار‪ ،‬ﯾﻪﻛ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪو ﺧﺎ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻪرھﻪﻧﮕﯿﯿﺎﻧﻪى ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرى ﻧ‪‬ﮕﻪﺗﯿﭭـــــﻰ‬ ‫ھﻪﯾﻪ ﺑﻪﺳـــﻪر ﮔﻪﺷـــﺖ و ﮔﯚزاردا ﻛﻪﻟﺘﻮرى‬ ‫ھﯚزاﯾﻪﺗــﯿــﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ زۆر ﺟﺎر ﻟﻪ ﻧـــ‪‬ﻮان دوو ھﯚز‬ ‫ﺑﻪھﯚى ﻛ‪‬ﺸـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻪﯾﻪﻛﻰ ﺳﺎدهى‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻣﻪ‪‬ﯾﻪﺗﯿﯿﻪوه ﺷـــــﻪڕى ﭼﻪك دروﺳـــــﺖ‬ ‫دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﻪﺷــﺘﯿﺎر ھﻪرﮔﯿﺰ ﻧﺎﯾﻪوێ ﮔﻪﺷــﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ ﺷـــــــــــــــــﻮ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻚ ﺑﻜﺎت ﻛﻪ ﺋﻪﻣﻨﯿﯿﻪﺗﻰ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺗﺮﺳـﯿﺪا ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎرهﺳــﻪر ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﺋﻪﻣﻪش‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗ‪‬ﻜــــــــــــــــــﻰ زۆرى دهوێ ﺗﺎﻛﻮ ﻓﻪرھﻪﻧﮓ‬

‫ﮔﻪﺷــــــــﺘﯿﺎر زۆر ﺟﺎر دهﯾﻪوێ ﻟﻪ ڕووى‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺴـﯿﻪوه ﺑﯚﺷﺎﯾﻰ ﺑﯚى دروﺳﺖ ﻧﻪﺑ‪‬ـﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﻪﻟﺘﻮره داﺧــﺮاوهﻛﺎن ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﻦ ﺋﻪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ھﻪﺗﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻮان ﻛﭻ و ﻛﻮر‪‬ﻜـــــــــــــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬ﮕﺎﻧﻪﺷﺪا ﻗﺒﻮڵ ﺑﻜﻪن‪،‬‬ ‫دهﮔﯚردرێ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪‬م ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪت دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ ﭘﻼﻧـــــﻰ‬ ‫ھﻪﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻮ‪‬ﻨﻪ ﮔﻪﺷـﺘﯿﯿﺎرﯾﯿﻪﻛﺎن ﺑﭙﺎر‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺧﻪ‪‬ﻜﺎﻧـــــﻰ ھﯚزى‪ .‬ﺧﺎ‪‬ﻜـــــﻰ ﺗـــــﺮ ﻛﻪ زۆر‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻪ ﺗ‪‬ﻜﻪڵ ﻛﺮدﻧﻰ ﺑﯿﺮوﺑﺎوهرى ﻛﻪﺳــ‪‬ﺘﻰ‬

‫ﻟﻪﮔﻪڵ ﭘﺮهﻧﺴــــﯿﭗ و ﯾﺎﺳﺎﻛﺎﻧﻰ ﮔﻪﺷﺖ و‬ ‫ﮔﯚزار‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﮔﺸـــــﺘﻰ ﻛﻪﺳﻰ ﮔﻪﺷﺘﯿﺎر ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻜﻰ دوورهوه دهﭼ‪‬ﺘﻪ و‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻜﻰ دﯾﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎرهﯾﻪﻛـــﻰ زۆرى ﭘ‪‬ﯿﻪ ﺑﯚ ﺧﻪرج ﻛــــﺮدن ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪواﻧﻪﯾﻪ داھﺎﺗﻰ ﯾﻪك ﺳـــــــــﺎ‪‬ﻪى ﻛﺎرهﻛﻪى‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷــ‪‬ﻜﻰ زۆرى ﺑﯚ ﮔﻪﺷـــﺖ ﻛﺮدن ﺗﻪرﺧﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺮدووه‪ ،‬ﺋﻪو ﮔﻪﺷــــــﺘﯿﺎره ﻛﻪ داﯾﻨﺎوه ﺋﻪم‬ ‫ﭘﺎرهﯾﻪ ﺑﯚ و‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻜﻰ دﯾﻜﻪ ﺑﺒﺎت و ﺧﻪرج ﺑﻜﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪدواى ﺧﯚﺷـــــــﻰ و ﺳـــــــﻮدى ﺧﯚﯾﺪاﯾﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﺷـــــــــــﯿﯿﻪﻛﻪى ﻟﻪ ﭼﯿﺪاﯾﻪ ﭘﻪﯾﻮهﻧﺪى ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺮوﺑﺎوهرى ﻛﻪﺳـﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﺮهوه ﻧﯿﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻪﺷـﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫زۆر ﺟﺎر دهﯾﻪوێ ﺋﺎزاداﻧﻪ ﺳـــــــــــﻪﻣﺎ ﺑﻜﺎت و‬ ‫ﺷـــــﻮ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﺳــــــﻪﻣﺎ ﻛﺮدن ھﻪﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬دهﯾﻪوێ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاردﻧﻪ ﻛﺤﻮﻟـــﯿـــﯿﻪﻛﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺋﺎرهزو و ﺋﺎزادى‬ ‫ﺧﯚى ﺑﺨﺎﺗﻪوه ﺑ‪ ‬ﺋﻪوهى ﻛ‪‬ﺸـــــﻪﯾﻪك ﺑﯚى‬ ‫دروﺳﺖ ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﻪﺷﺘﯿﺎر زۆر ﺟﺎر دهﯾﻪوێ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ڕووى ﺳﻜﺴـــــــﯿﻪوه ﺑﯚﺷﺎﯾﻰ ﺑﯚى دروﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻪﺑ‪‬ـﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻪﻟﺘﻮره داﺧــــــﺮاوهﻛﺎن ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣﻪ ھﻪﺗﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻮان ﻛﭻ و ﻛﻮر‪‬ﻜــــــــــــــــــﻰ‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬ﮕﺎﻧﻪﺷﺪا ﻗﺒﻮڵ ﺑﻜﻪن‪ ،‬ﺋﻪﻣﻪش ﯾﻪﻛ‪‬ﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪو ﺧﺎ‪‬ﻧﻪى ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﯾﮕﻪرﯾﯿﻪﻛــــــــــــــــﻰ زۆر‬ ‫ﻧ‪‬ﮕﻪﺗﯿﭭﻰ ﻟﻪﺳــــــﻪر ﻛﻪرﺗﻰ ﮔﻪﺷـــــــﺘﯿﺎرى‬ ‫ھﻪﯾﻪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪھ‪‬ـﺰى ﺋﻪم ﻛﻪرﺗﻪ ﺋﺎﺑﻮورﯾﯿﻪ زۆرﺗـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺳﺘﺮاوه ﺑﻪ ﭘ‪‬ﺸﻜﻪوﺗﻨﻰ ﻓﻪرھﻪﻧﮕﯿﯿﻪوه‬ ‫و ﭘ‪‬ﻮﯾﺴــــــــــﺘﻪ ھﻪر ﺗﺎﻛ‪‬ﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻮﻣﻪ‪‬ﮕﺎدا‬ ‫دهرووﻧﻰ ﺧﯚى ﺑﯚ ﭘ‪‬ﺸـــــــــــــــﻮازى ﻛﺮدن ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﺷــــــﺘﯿﺎران ﺑﮕﻮﻧﺠ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺖ ﺗﺎﻛﻮ و‪‬ﺗﻪﻛﻪى‬ ‫ﻟﻪو ﺳﻮده ﺑﻪھ‪‬ﺰهدا ﺳﻮدﻣﻪﻧﺪ ﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪.‬‬

Welcome to Canyon Hotel Erbil Canyon Hotel Erbil is located at Gulan Street, 2 Km away from the city center. and 5 Km from the Erbil International Airport; it consists of 93 luxurious Rooms & Suites featuring up stand facilities ensuring the maximum of comfort and safety. Canyon Hotel Erbil offers a luxurious Presidential Suite on the 4h floor, with an unparalleled view of the Erbil City; it covers an entire area of over 90 m2, ensuring high standard level of furniture, fixture, finishing, with private kitchenette and complete privacy.

For your reservations please contact our phone numbers or e-mail address: Phone numbers: +964 66 210 5600 / +964 750 5822273 Email: reservation@canyonhotelerbil.com

‫‪Great wall of China‬‬ ‫دﯾﻮاری ﮔ‪‬ورەی ﭼﯿﻦ‬

‫دﯾﻮاری ﭼﯿﻦ در‪‬ﮋﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﻧﺮاوە‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬در‪‬ـﮋاﯾـﯽ ﻣ‪‬ـﮋوو‪ .‬ﮐ‪ ‬در‪‬ـﮋﯾﯿ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ی ﺋ‪‬ﮔﺎﺗ‪ ‬ﻧـﺰﯾﮑ‪‬ی‬ ‫)‪٦٤٠٠‬ﮐﻢ( ھ‪‬ﻣﻮوی ﺑ‪‬دەﺳﺖ ﺑﻨﯿﺎت ﻧﺮاوە‪ ،‬ﻟ‪‬ﺳ‪‬رەﺗﺎﯾﯽ ﺳ‪‬دەی ﭼﻮارەم پ‪.‬ز دەﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺮاوە ﺑ‪‬ﮐﺎر ﮐﺮدن ﺗ‪‬ﯿﺪا‪ ،‬ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑﯚﭼﻮوﻧﯽ ڕاﺳـــــــﺖ ﺑ‪‬ردەوام ﺑﻮوە ﺗﺎﺳـــــــ‪‬دەی ﺣ‪‬ﭬﺪەی‬ ‫زاﯾﻨﯽ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﻨﯿ‪‬ﮐﺎن ﺋ‪‬م دﯾﻮارەﯾﺎن ﺑﯚ ﭘﺎر‪‬ﺰﮔﺎرﯾﮑﺮدن ﻟ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﮐﻮوری ﺳـــــــــــــﻨﻮورەﮐ‪‬ﯾﺎن ﻟ‪‬‬ ‫ﺷـــ‪‬ڕاﻧﮕ‪‬ﺰان دروﺳـــﺖ ﮐﺮدوە‪ .‬دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬ش ﻟ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﮐﻮری ﭼﯿﻦ ﻟ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﻮان ﮐ‪‬ﻧﺎری رۆژ ﺋﺎواو‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﻮری ﻧﺎوەڕاﺳــــﺘﯽ ﭼﯿﻦ در‪‬ﮋ ﺋ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘ‪‬وە‪ .‬ﮐﯚﺗﺎﯾﯿ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ﺷــــﯽ ﻟ‪ ‬ڕۆژھ‪‬ﺗ‪‬وە ﺋ‪‬ﮐ‪‬و‪‬ﺘ‪‬‬ ‫)ﺷـــــــــــﻨﮕھﺎ ﯾﮕﻮان(‪ ،‬ﮐ‪ ‬ﮔﻮﻧﺪ‪‬ﮑ‪ ‬ﻟ‪ ‬ﻧﺰﯾﮏ ﺷــــــــــــﺎری )ﮐﯿﻨھﻮا ﻧﮕﺪاو(‪ .‬ﻟ‪ ‬ڕۆژﺋﺎواش‬ ‫ﮐﯚﺗﺎﯾﯿ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ی ﺋ‪‬ﮐ‪‬و‪‬ﺘ‪ ‬ﻧﺰﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﺪی )ﮔﯿﺎﯾﻮﮔﻮان(‬

‫ﭘﯿﻨﺎﺳ‪‬ﮐﺮدﻧﯽ دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬‬

‫ھ‪‬ﻨﺪ‪‬ﮏ ﺑ‪‬ﺷـــﯽ دﯾﻮارەﮔ‪‬ورەﮐ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬در‪‬ﮋاﯾﯽ ﻣ‪‬ﮋوو داڕﻣﺎوە‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬ھ‪‬رﺣﺎڵ زۆرﺑ‪‬ی ﺑ‪‬ش‬ ‫و ﭘﺎرﭼ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﯚژەن ﮐﺮاوەﺗ‪‬وە و‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬ﺷــــﯽ ﺳــــ‪‬رەﮐﯽ دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬ش در‪‬ﮋﯾ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ی ﺋ‪‬ﮔﺎﺗ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﯾﮑ‪‬ی ‪٣٤٦٠‬ﮐﻢ‪ .‬ﭘﺎرﭼ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﺶ ‪٢٩٠٠‬ﮐﻢ ﺑﯚ ﺳـ‪‬ر در‪‬ﮋﯾ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ی زﯾﺎد ﺋ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ن‪ .‬ﺑ‪‬رزاﯾﯽ‬ ‫دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬ش ﺋ‪‬ﮔﺎﺗ‪ ‬ﻧﺰﯾﮑ‪‬ی ‪٧,٥‬م‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻧﯿ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ﺷﯽ ﻟ‪٧,٥ ‬م ﻟ‪‬ﺑﻨﮑ‪‬وە ﺗﺎ ‪٤,٦‬م ﺗ‪‬ﺳﮏ‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘ‪‬وە ﻟ‪ ‬ﻟﻮﺗﮑ‪‬ی‪ ،‬ﻗ‪ ‬و ﮐﯚﺷــــﮑﯽ ﭼﺎود‪‬ﺮی ﺑﭽﻮوﮐﯿﺶ داﻧﺮاوە ﺑ‪‬در‪‬ﮋاﯾﯽ ﻧ‪‬ﻮان‬ ‫‪٩٠‬م و ‪١٨٠‬م ﻟ‪‬ﺳـــــ‪‬ر دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪ . ‬ﺑ‪‬رزی ﻗ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯿﺶ ‪١٢‬م ﺋ‪‬ﺑ‪ .‬دﯾﻮارﮐ‪ ‬در‪‬ﮋ ﺋ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘ‪‬وە‬ ‫ﻟ‪ ‬رۆژھ‪‬ت ﺑ‪‬ﺳـ‪‬ر زﻧﺠﯿﺮە ﭼﯿﺎ‪‬ﮏ‪ ،‬ﮐ‪ ‬ﻧﺎوﺋ‪‬ﺑﺮێ ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬رزاﯾﯿ‪ ‬ﺳـﻨﻮورﯾ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﻣ‪‬ﻏﯚل‬ ‫و‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﻏ‪‬ی ﺋ‪‬م ﺑ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ش ﻟ‪ ‬ﭼ‪‬ﻧﺪ ﭘﺎرﭼ‪‬ی ﮔ‪‬اﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﭘ‪‬ﮏ ھﺎﺗﻮوە‪ ،‬ﮐ‪‬ھ‪‬ردوو ﺗ‪‬ﻧﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬ش ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬رد‪ ،‬ﯾﺎن ﺧﺸﺘﯽ ﺳﻮور ﭼﺎک ﮐﺮاوە ‪ ،‬ﻧ‪‬ﻮاﻧﯽ دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬ش ﺑ‪ ‬ﻗﻮڕوﻟﯿﺘ‪‬‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﮐﺮاوەﺗ‪‬وە‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬رزاﯾﯿ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯿﺶ ﺑ‪ ‬ﺧﺸـــــــﺘﯽ ﺳﻮور داڕ‪‬ﮋراوە و ﺑ‪ ‬ﭼﯿﻤ‪‬ﻧﺘﯚی ﻗﺴــــــــ‪‬‬ ‫ﭼ‪‬ﺳﭙ‪‬ﻨﺮاوە‪ .‬ﭘﺎرﭼ‪ ‬ﺧﺸـــــــــﺘ‪ ‬ﺳﻮرﮐﺮاوەﮐﺎن ھ‪‬م ﮐﺮ‪‬ﮑﺎراﻧﯽ دروﺳﺖ ﮐﺎری دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬ﮐﺎرﯾﺎن دەھ‪‬ﻨﺎ و‪ ،‬ھ‪‬م ﺋ‪‬و ﺳــ‪‬رﺑﺎزاﻧ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﮐﺎرﯾﺎن ﺋ‪‬ھ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﮐ‪ ‬ﭘﺎر‪‬ﺰﮔﺎرﯾﯿﺎن ﻟ‪ ‬ﺋ‪‬ﮐﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ‪‬ﻻی رۆژ ﺋﺎواﺷــــــــــ‪‬وە‪ ،‬دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻧﺎوﭼ‪‬ﮑﯽ دەﺷــــــــــﺘﺎﯾﯿﺪا ﺗ‪‬ﭙ‪‬ڕﺋ‪‬ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬در‪‬ﮋاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮور‪‬ﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ‪ .‬ﮐ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬رد و ﺧﺸﺘﯽ ﺳﻮر زۆر دەﮔﻤ‪‬ن ﺑﻮو ﻟ‪‬م ﻧﺎوﭼ‪ ‬زورﮔﺎوﯾﺎﻧ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣ‪‬ﮋووی دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬‬

‫ﻟ‪‬واﻧ‪‬ﯾ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﺷ‪ ‬ﺳـ‪‬رەﺗﺎﯾﯿ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯽ دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪ ،‬ﮐ‪‬دواﺗﺮ ﺑ‪ ‬دﯾﻮاری ﮔ‪‬ورەی ﭼﯿﻦ ﻧﺎﺳـﺮا‪ ،‬ﻟ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎوەی ﺳ‪‬دەی ﭘ‪‬ﻨﺠ‪‬ﻣﯽ پ‪.‬ز دروﺳﺖ ﮐﺮاﺑ‪ ،‬ھ‪‬رﭼ‪‬ﻧﺪ ھ‪‬ﻨﺪ‪‬ﮏ ﻟ‪ ‬ﻟ‪‬ﮑﯚﻟ‪‬رەوان ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﮐﯚﻧﺘﺮﯾﺶ دەﯾﮕ‪‬ﻧ‪‬وە‪ .‬ﺟﺎ ﺋ‪‬م دﯾﻮارەش ﺋﯿﻤﭙﺮاﺗﯚڕ)ﺷـــــــــﯽ ھﻮاﻧﮕﺪی(ﮐ‪ ‬ﻟ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬وەی‬

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‫ﺑﻨ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪‬ی ﮐﯿﻦ)‪ ٢٢١-٢٠٦‬پ‪.‬ز(ە ﻧ‪‬ﺧﺸــــــــــ‪‬ی ﺑﯚ ﮐ‪‬ﺸــــــــــﺎوە‪ ،‬دﯾﻮار‪‬ﮑﯽ ﻧﻮ‪‬ﺸـــــــــــﯽ‬ ‫دروﺳــــــﺘﮑﺮدووە‪ ،‬ﺑﯚ ﺑ‪‬ﺳــــــﺘﻨ‪‬وەی ﺑ‪ ‬دﯾﻮارەﮐﯚﻧ‪‬ﮐ‪ ‬و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدن ﻟ‪‬ﺳـــــــ‪‬ر دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬‬ ‫ھ‪‬رﺑ‪‬ردەوام ﺑﻮوە‪ ،‬ﻟ‪‬ﻣﺎوەی ﺳــــــــــ‪‬ردەﻣﯽ ھﺎن )‪٢٠٢‬پ‪.‬ز‪٢٢٠-‬ز( و‪ ،‬ﺳـــــــــــ‪‬ردەﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯚی)‪٦١٨-٥٨١‬ز(‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺷـﺎن ﺑ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﺳـ‪‬رﭼﻮوﻧﯽ ﮐﺎت ‪ ،‬زۆر‪‬ﮏ ﻟ‪ ‬دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪ ‬داڕﻣﺎوە‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬م‬ ‫ﻟ‪‬ﺳــ‪‬ردەﻣﯽ ﻣﯿﻨﮓ)‪١٦٤٢-١٣٦٨‬ز( دووﺑﺎرە ﭼﺎﮐﮑﺮاوەﺗ‪‬وە و‪ ،‬زۆرﺑ‪‬ی دروﺳـــﺘﮑﺮدﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺋ‪‬ﺴــــــــــــﺘﺎی دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪ ‬ﺑﯚ ﺳ‪‬ردەﻣﯽ ﺋ‪‬م )ﻣﯿﻨﮓ(ە‪ ،‬ﺋ‪‬ﮔ‪‬ڕ‪‬ﺘ‪‬وە‪ .‬ﺋ‪‬م دﯾﻮارە ﭼﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﺳـــﺘﻮوە ﻟ‪ ‬ھ‪‬ﺮش و ﺷـــ‪‬ڕە ﺑﭽﻮوﮐ‪‬ﮐﺎن‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬م ﻧ‪‬ﯾﺘﻮاﻧﯿﻮوە ﺑ‪‬رﮔ‪‬ی ﺷــــ‪‬ڕی زۆر‬ ‫ﮔ‪‬ورە ﺑﮕﺮێ؛ ﺑﯚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧ‪ ‬ﺟ‪‬ﻧﮕﯿﺰﺧﺎﻧﯽ ﺳـــــ‪‬رﮐﺮدەی ﻣ‪‬ﻏﯚﻟ‪‬ﮐﺎن دەﺳــــــﺘﯽ ﺑ‪‬ﺳــــــ‪‬ر‬ ‫دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪ ‬داﮔﺮت‪ ،‬ﻟ‪‬ﺳ‪‬رەﺗﺎﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﺳ‪‬دەی دواﻧﺰەی زاﯾﯿﻨﯽ زەوﯾ‪‬ﮑﯽ زۆرﯾﺸــــــﯽ ﻟ‪ ‬ﭼﯿﻦ‬ ‫داﮔﯿﺮﮐﺮد ‪ .‬ﺑ‪‬ﺷــــــــــــــــ‪‬ﮑﯽ زۆرﯾﺶ ﻟ‪‬دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪ ‬ڕووﺧﺎوە ‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬در‪‬ﮋاﯾﯽ ﺳــــــــــــــــ‪‬ردەم‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﯚﻣﯚﻧﯿﺴــــﺘ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﭼﯿﻦ ﺳ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﺷﯽ دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪‬ﯾﺎن دروﺳﺖ ﮐﺮدۆﺗ‪‬وە‪ ،‬ﻟ‪‬وەﺗ‪‬ی ﺳﺎ‪‬ﯽ‬ ‫‪١٩٤٩‬ز‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺗ‪‬ﮏ ﮐ‪ ‬دەﺳــﺘ‪‬ﺗﯽ ﺋ‪‬م و‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﯾﺎن ﮔﺮﺗ‪‬دەﺳـــﺖ‪ .‬ﺋ‪‬م ﺑ‪‬ﺷـــﺎﻧ‪‬ش ﺋ‪‬ﮐ‪‬وﻧ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﯾﮏ ﮐ‪‬ﻧﺎری رۆژھ‪‬ت ‪ ،‬ﻟ‪ ‬دەرەوەی ﭘ‪‬ﮐﯿﻦ و‪ ،‬ﻧﺎوﭼ‪‬ی ﮐﺎﻧﺴـــــــــﻮ و‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﮐﻮری ﭼﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎوەڕاﺳﺖ‪ .‬ھ‪‬رﭼ‪‬ﻧﺪە ﭼﯿﻨﯿ‪‬ﮐﺎن ﺋ‪‬ﺴــﺘﺎ ﺋ‪‬م دﯾﻮارە ﺑﯚ ﭘﺎر‪‬ﺰﮔﺎرﯾﮑﺮدن ﺑ‪ ‬ﮐﺎرﻧﺎھ‪‬ﻨﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬م ﺳ‪‬رﻧﺠﯽ ﻣﯿﻮاﻧﺎن ڕاﺋ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ﺸـــــــﯽ‪ .‬زۆر‪‬ﮏ ﻟ‪ ‬ﮔ‪‬ﺷﺘﯿﺎران ﻟ‪ ‬و‪‬ﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺮەوە د‪‬ﻦ ﺑﯚ‬ ‫دﯾﺘﻨﯽ‪ .‬ھ‪‬روەھﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﮋووﻧﺎﺳـــــﺎن ﻟ‪‬ﮑﯚ‪‬ﯿﻨ‪‬وەی ﻟ‪‬ﺳـــــ‪‬ر دەﮐ‪‬ن‪ ،‬ﺋ‪‬م ﺷـــــﺘﺎﻧ‪‬ی ﮐ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟ‪‬ﺳـــــــــــ‪‬ری ﺋ‪‬دۆزر‪‬ﺘ‪‬وە‪ ،‬ﻟ‪‬ﮐﺎﺗﯽ ﭼﺎﮐﮑﺮدﻧ‪‬وەﮐﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﯚڕەﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﺑ‪ ‬در‪‬ﮋای دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪،‬‬ ‫ھ‪‬روەھﺎ زاﻧﺎﯾﺎن ﻟ‪‬ﮑﯚﻟﯿﻨ‪‬وە ﻟ‪‬ﺳـــــــــ‪‬ر ﺑﻮﻣ‪‬ﻟ‪‬رزە ﺋ‪‬ﮐ‪‬ن ﻟ‪‬ڕ‪‬ﮕﺎی ﺗﺎﻗﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧ‪‬وەی‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﮐﺎﻧﯽ دﯾﻮارەﮐ‪ ،‬ﮐ‪ ‬ﮐﺎرﯾﮕ‪‬رﺑﻮوە ﺑ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ر ڕووی زەوﯾﺪا‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎوهﺧﺎﻧ‪‬ﯾ‪‬ک ﻟ‪ ‬رەوﺷﺖ داﺷﮑﺎن دەﮐﺎت‬

‫ﻗﺎوهﺧﺎﻧﻪﯾﻪك ھﻪﯾﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻪرهﻧﺴــــــــــــــــــــــﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷ‪‬ﻮاز‪‬ﻜﻰ زۆر ﺟﯿﺎواز ﻗﺎوه ﭘ‪‬ﺸــــﻜﻪش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛــــــ‪‬ﯾﺎرهﻛﺎﻧـــــــﻰ دهﻛﺎت‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺑﯚﭼﻮوﻧـــــــﻰ‬

‫‪La Petite‬‬ ‫‪Syrah‬‬

‫ﻗﺎوهﺧﺎﻧﻪى ‪ La Petite Syrah‬ﻟﻪ ﺷــــﺎرى‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺴـــــﻰ ﻓﻪرهﻧﺴـــــﻰ‪ ،‬ڕهوﺷﺖ زۆر ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﯾﺒﻪﺗـﻰ ﻟﻪو ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻧﻪى ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﻣﻪﻧﺪهﻛﻪﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪوو دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ و ﭘﺎ‪‬ﻪ ﭘﻪﺳـــــــــــﺘﯚﯾﻪﻛﻰ زۆر‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪرى دروﺳـﺖ دهﺑ‪‬ﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﯚﯾﻪ ﺳـ‪‬وﻛﺮدن‬ ‫و ﺑﻪﻛﺎرھ‪‬ﻨﺎﻧﻰ وﺷـــــــﻪى ﺑﻪﯾﺎرﻣﻪﺗﯿﺖ ﻧﺮﺧﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎوهﻛﻪت ھﻪرزان دهﻛﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﯚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﺧﻪﻛﺎن ﺑﻪم ﺷـــــــــــــــــــــــ‪‬ﻮهﯾﻪ‬ ‫دهﮔﻮردر‪‬ﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫*ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ھﺎﺗـــــﻮو ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﻣﻪﻧﺪهﻛﻪت ﮔـــــﻮت‬ ‫ﯾﻪك ﻗﺎوهم ﺑﺪهﯾـــ‪ ،‬ﺋﻪوه ﻧــــ‪‬ﺧــــﻰ ﻗﺎوه ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪرت ﺑﻪ ) ‪ (٣‬ﯾﯚرۆﯾﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﺋﻪﮔﻪر ﮔﻮﺗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪﯾﺎرﻣﻪﺗﯿﺖ ﯾﻪك ﻗﺎوهم‬ ‫ﺑﺪهﯾ‪ ،‬ﺋﻪوه داﺷــــــــــــــﻜﺎﻧﺪﻧﺖ ﺑﯚ دهﻛﺎت و‬ ‫ﻗﺎوهﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ )‪ (٢‬ﯾﯚرۆ دهﺗﺪاﺗ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﺋﻪﮔﻪرﯾﺶ ﭘــــــ‪‬ﺖ ﮔﻮت ﺑﻪﯾﺎﻧــــــﯿﺖ ﺑﺎش‬ ‫ﺑﻪﯾﺎرﻣﻪﺗﯿﺖ ﻗﺎوهﯾﻪﻛﻢ ﺑﺪهﯾـــــــ‪ ،‬ﺋﻪو ﻛﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺎوهﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ )‪ (١‬ﯾﯚرۆ دهﺗﺪاﺗ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﯾﻪﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﯿﺸــــــﻪ ﺋﻪم ﺑﯿﺮۆﻛﻪﯾﻪ زۆر‬ ‫ﺑﻪد‪‬ــﻰ ﻛﺎرﮔ‪‬ـــﺮى و ﺧﺎوهن ﻗﺎوهﺧﺎﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑــــﻮو‪ ،‬ﭼـــــﻮﻧﻜﻪ ﺋﻪم ﻛﺎره‬ ‫ﺑﻮوه ھﯚى داﺑﯿﻨﻜـــــﺮدﻧـــــﻰ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺳــﻮودهﯾﻰ و دڵ ﺧﯚﺷــﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ ﻛ‪‬ﯾﺎرهﻛﺎﻧﯿﺎن‪.‬‬

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French café charges rude customers more

As a cafe “in Nice demands customers be polite, Anthony Peregrine asks whether this is acceptable in a country with a reputation for surly service “

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‫‪Ideas and opinions‬‬

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‫‪welcome‬‬ ‫ﺋﯿﮑﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﻣ‪‬ﮔ‪‬زﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮ ﻛﺮدﻧﯽ ﺷ‪‬ﻮازی‬ ‫ﭘ‪‬ﺸــﻜﻪﺷﻜﺮدﻧﯽ ﮔﯚﭬﺎرهﻛﻪﺗﺎن ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﺷــــﺤﺎ‪‬ﯽ و ﺳــــﻮﭘﺎﺳـــــﻪوه‪ ،‬ڕا و‬ ‫ﺑﻮﭼﻮﻧﻪﻛﺎﻧــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ھﻪﻧﺪ‬ ‫وهردهﮔﺮﯾﻦ‪ .‬ﺳـــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻪرﻧﺞ و‬ ‫ﺗ‪‬ﺒﯿﻨﻪﻛﺎﻧﺘﺎن ﻟﻪ ﺳـﻪر ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺗﻪﻛﺎن ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺸـﺘﯽ و ﻓﻪﻟﺴـﻪﻓﻪی ﻛﺎری ﮔﯚﭬﺎر‬ ‫دهﺑ‪‬ﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﯾﻪی ﺑﻪرهوﭘ‪‬ﺶ ﭼﻮﻧـــــــﯽ‬ ‫ﮔـﯚﭬﺎرهﻛﻪﺗﺎن‪ .‬ﭼـﻮﻧﻜﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻛـﯚﺗﺎﯾﺪا‬ ‫ﺋﯿﻤﻪ ﺑﯚ ﺋﯿﻮه دهﻧﻮﺳﯿﻦ‪..................‬‬

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