Buddhiwadi by Dr. Ramendra

cq f¼oknh cq f¼okn] ekuor kokn] fuj h' oj okn v kS j / eZ fuj i s{kr k d sçl kj d sfy , cq f¼oknh i Q kma Ms'ku } kj k çd kf' kr o"kZ%32

va d %2

tq y kbZ ] 2018

/ eZ fuj i s{k y ksd r a =k d h j {kk % , d j . kuhfr ukj hokn v kS j j kt uhfr bfr gkl xokg gS nfy r v kR el Eeku d sf' kYi h czkã . kokn d k foj ks/ %D; ksav kS j dS l s\ ' kj kc] l sDl v kS j uhfr ' kkL=k MS fu; y l h- MsusV eS j hokW y LVuØkÝ+ V v i uk , d d ej k & i q Lr d i fj p; cq f¼oknhl kfgR ; l Ei knd MkW - j esU æ d k; Z d kj h l Ei knd MkW - d oy t hr d kS j l g&l Ei knd MkW fd j u ukFk fç; k 216&, ] JhÑ". ki q j h] i Vuk&800001 iQ ksu %0612&2540101 email#ramendra@bsnl.in Visit the website of Buddhiwadi Foundation: <www.buddhiwadi.in>

1 3 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 15

/ eZ fuj i s{k yksd r a =k d hj {kk % , d j . kuhfr

j es Unz

( cq f¼oknh] t q y kbZ ] 2017] v a d esai zd kf' kr v xzy s[k d k v i MsVsM : i )

1974&75 dsnkS j esaHkkjr dsyksd ra =ki j , d [ krjkv k; kFkkbejt sa lh ds: i esa A1977 esaml [ krjsdksi jkLr dj] yksd ra =kdhi q uLFkkiZukgq bZFkhA bl dsv ykok] yksd ra =kdksv kS j v f/ d l q n`<+cuk; kx; kFkkAysfdu] vkt , d ckj fi Q j gekjs/ eZ fuji s{kyksd ra =ki j , d [ krjkut + j v kjgkgS ] ft l dkL=kksr gSv kj- , l - , l -&ch- t s- i h- dh ^^fgUnwjk"Vªoknh** fopkj/ kjk] t ks / eZ fuji s{krk dsi w j h rkS j l sfo#¼ gS _ D; ksa fd bl esajk"Vªh; rk dks, d / eZ &fo' ks"k l st ksM+ k x; k gS AfgUnwgksusv kS j jk"Vªoknh gksusdks, d eku fy; k x; k gS( fgUnq Ro gh jk"Vªh; Ro gS )A v kt ns'k esa, d v ?kksf"kr bejt sa l htS l h fLFkfr gS A ujsUnzeksnh l jdkj fi Nysyksd l Hkk pq ukoksaesaernkrkv ksal sfd, x, v i usoknksadks iw j k djusesai w j h rjg l sv l i Q y jgh gS pkgsog v oS / / u oki l ykusl sl Eca f/ r gks] ; k pkgsHkz"Vkpkj feVkus] ; k pkgsjkst xkj fnykusl sA , slsesayxrk gSfd Hkkt i k&v kj-, l -, l - us/ eZdsv k/ kj i j ui + Q jr iS Q ykusdksgh v i uh pq ukoh j.kuhfr eku fy; k gS A xkseka l dsuke i j ba l kuksa( eq l yekuksa ) dh HkhM+ ksa}kjk gR;k dh t k jgh gS Al q i zhe dksVZ}kjk bl dh HkRl Z uk fd, t kus] v kS j jkT; l jdkjksadks bl sjksd usdk funsZ ' k fn, t kusdsckn Hkh] ; g Fkeusdk uke ughays jgh gS A mYVsdsUnzl jdkj dsea f=k; ksa}kjk , slh gR;k dsnks"kh i k, x, yksxksadksl Eekfur fd; k t k jgk gS ] v kS j l kEi znkf; d na xsHkM+ d kusdh dksf' k' k dh t k jgh gS A bl dsv ykok] fi Nyspkj o"kksZ aesanfyrksa ] v kfnokfl ; ksav kjSefgykv ksa i j v R;kpkj dh ?kVuk, aHkh c<+x; h gS AcykRdkj dh ?kVukv ksadh rks a

tS l s ck<+ &l h v k x; h gS A t Eewds dBq v k l s ysd j fcgkj ds eq t Ýi Q ji q j rd dh ukckfyx cfPp; ksa l s cykRdkj ( v kS j gR;k) dh ?kVuk, al kjsns'k dks' keZ ' kkj dj jgh gS a( t cfd ; sfl i Z Qnksmnkgj.k gS + )A a tS l sfd bruk gh dki + Q h ughaFkk] v kj- , l - , l fopkj/ kjk dsfojksf/ ; ksadh gR;k Hkh djkbZt k jgh gS MkW - ujsUnz nkHkksy dj l s ysd j uohure mnkgj.k xkS jh ya d s'k rdA 1975&77 dh bejt sa l h v kS j v kt dh v ?kksf"kr bejt sa l h ds chp dq N egÙoi w . kZv a r j Hkh gS A a ba fnjk xka / h r kuk' kkg ( authoritarian) Fkha ] y sfdu os l okZ f/ dkjoknh ( totalitarian) ughaFkha Av kj- , l - , l &ch- t s-i h- l okZ f/ dkjoknhgS a Axjhch] csjkst xkjh] xS j cjkcjh] ega xkbZ ] v PNh f' k{kk v kS j LokLF; l sok dk v Hkko t S ls cq fu; knh eq í ksai j è; ku dsfUnzr djusdh ct k, _ v kj, l - , l -&ch- t s- i h- dsyksx ge ukxfjdksadsO;fDrxr t hou esagLr{ksi djusyxsgS A ge D; k [ kk, a a xs] D; k di M+ si gusa xs] dkS u&l kv H; kl ( exercise) djsa x]sfdl ds l kFk nksLrh djsa x]s fdl dsl kFk i kdZesa?kw ea sxs; k fdl ds l kFk ' kknh djsa xs; g l Hkh dq N gesabu l oZ Kkuh yksxksa }kjk gh cryk; k t k, xk! ( t cfd l q i zhe dksVZdsgky ds egÙoi w . kZfu.kZ ; dsv uq l kj fut rk dk v f/ dkj  right to privacy  Hkkjr dsukxfjdks adk ekS fyd v f/ dkj gS A) l oky ; g gSfd v kt dsl e; / eZ fuji s{k yksd ra =k dh j{kk dsfy, jkt uhfrd nyksadks] xS j &i kVhZukxfjdksa dks] cq f¼oknh&ekuorkokfn; ksadks] v kS j nk' kZ fudka sdksD; k djuk pkfg, \ / eZ fuji s{k yksd ra =k dh j{kk dh j.kuhfr D; k gksuh pkfg, \ l cl s i gys jkt uhfrd nyksadh Hkw fedk dks ysa A fi Nysyksd l Hkk pq uko esaHkkt i k dks31 i zfr' kr v kS j l g; ksfx; ksadsl kFk 39 i zfr' kr oksV feysFksA61 i zfr' kr oksV Hkkt i k v kS j ml dsxBca / u dsfo#¼ FksA bu 61 i zfr' kr oksVksadsfc[ kj t kusdsdkj.kghHkkt i kyksd l Hkk esacgq er i zkIr djusesal i Q y jghA v c] v xj v xysyksd l Hkk pq uko esal Hkh Hkkt i k fojks/h i kfVZ ; kafey dj Hkkt i k dsfo#¼ gj yksd l Hkk {ks=k esa, d l a ;q Dr mEehnokj [ kM+ k djrh gS ] rksbl dk a 2

i fj.kke D; k gksxk] bl sv kl kuh l sl e>k t k l drk gS A la r ks"kdhckr gSfd Hkkt i k&fojks/hjkt uhfrd nyksa}kjk , slk i z;kl fd; k Hkh t k jgk gS A nw l jk egÙoi w . kZl oky ; g gSfd xS j &i kVhZukxfjd la xBuksadh D; k Hkw fedk gksuh pkfg, \ esjs fopkj esa xS j &i kVhZukxfjd l a xBuksadksl g&ukxfjdksadks/ eZ fuji s{k yksd ra =k i j Nk, gq , [ krjksadsi zfr v kxkg djrsgq ,] f' kf{kr v kS j la xfBr djuk pkfg, A / eZdsv k/ kj i j ui + Q jr i S Q ykusdsi z;Ruksadk l fØ; fojks/ djrsgq ,] l kEi znkf; d l kS gknZcuk, j[ kusdsfy, l rr i z;Ru' khy jgukpkfg, Al kFkgh] Hkkt i k&fojks/hjkt uhfrd nyksai j ; g ncko cuk, j[ kuk pkfg, fd v kxkeh yksd l Hkk pq uko esaHkkt i kdsmEehnokjksadsfo#¼ l a ;q Dr mEehnokj [ kM+ k djsa Abl dsv ykok] ukxfjd l a xBuksadksdq N , sls eq í ksadksHkh mBkuk pkfg, ] ft Ugsau t kusfdu dkj.kksal s foi {kh i kfVZ ; kaHkh l ' kDr rjhdksal sughamBk i k jghagS _ a tS l s] i ka p o"kZxq t j t kusv kS j lq i zhe dksVZ}kjk ncko ds ckot w n yksd i ky cukus esa l j dkj dh v l i Q yrk] vLohdk; Z: i l smPp f' k' kq &eR̀;q &nj (infant mortality)] Hkkjr ds 50 i zfr' kr cPpksadk dq i ksf"kr gksuk] mPp ekr`&eR̀;q &njA ; w ful siQdsv uq l kj] i zR;sd feuV Hkkjr esai ka p o"kZl sde mezds, d f' k' kqdh eR̀;qgksjgh gS A; g , d ' keZ ukd fLFkfr gS Abl h rjg] eq EcbZl fgr Hkkjr dscM+ s' kgjksaesadjksM+ ksayksx [ kq y sv kdk' k dsuhps iq Q Vi kFk i j t hou xq t kj jgsgS A a rhl jkl oky ; g gSfd v kt dsl e; ekuorkokfn; ksa dh D; k Hkw fedk gksuh pkfg, \ ekuorkokfn; ksa}kjk / eZ & fuji s{k yksd ra Z =k v kS j ekuo v f/ dkjksadk l eFku Z fd; k t krk gS A bl fy, ] mUgsa/ eZ fuji s{k yksd ra =k dh j{kk ds fy, , d O;ki d ukxfjd v ka nksy u esal fØ; : i l s fgLl k ysuk pkfg, Al kFk gh l kFk] mUgsal ekuka rj : i l s v i uscq f¼oknh dkeksadksHkh v kxsc<+ krsjguk pkfg, A v kt dq N yksx xs#v k i gu dj ^^eks{k** dsi hNs t kusdhct k, jkt uhfr dj jgsgS ] dq a N fct + usl l kezkT; [ kM+ k djusesayxsgq , gS ] rksdq a N l h/ s&l h/ scykRdkj z v kS j gR;k t S l sv i jk/ dj jgsgS A HkfDru v kS a j HkDr yksxksadksbu <+ ksa xh ckckv ksadspa xq y esai a Q l usl sdS ls cpk; k t k, ] v kS j t ksi gysgh i a Q l pq d sgS amUgsadS ls

cq f¼oknh

ckgj fudkyk t k,  ; g cq f¼okfn; ksadsfy, , d cM+ h pq ukS r h cu xbZgS ! va r esa ] ge nk' kZ fudksa dh Hkw fedk i j v k, a A / eZ fuji s{k ykd s ra =k dk l eFkZ u djusokysn' kZ u' kkL=k ds i zksi+ sQ l j] ' kks/kFkhZv kS j fo| kFkhZnksLrjksai j dke dj l drs gS a%, d rji QosukxfjdksadsO;ki d jkt uhfrd ea p ij l fØ; gksl drsgS A nw a l jh v ksj] xS j &jkt uhfrd] nk' kZ fud Lrj i j Hkh rdZ la xr] oS Kkfud fpa r u v kS j ekuoh; ew Y; ksa dsl eFkZ u esa _ rFkk czkã.kokn l fgr l Hkh l a xfBr / eksZ adh va / v kLFkkv ksa ds fo#¼] , d oS pkfjd l a ?k"kZdks v kS j v f/ d rst dj l drs gS A bl l s i Q a kfl LV jkt uhfr dk oS pkfjd&l kekft d v k/ kj gh u"V gks t k, xkA i Q kfl LV Hkkt i k dks v xys pq uko esa l Ùkk l s gVkuk] t gka , d rkRdkfyd mís'; gS _ ogka; g , d nw j xkeh y{; gS ] ft l i j dke djuk Hkh cgq r t+ : jh gS A bl rjg dh , d l exzj.kuhfr l s/ eZ fuji s{k yksd ra =k fojks/h i Q kfl LV rkdrksadksi jkLr djuk dfBu ughagS A

i k, xhA efgykv ksadk i zfrfuf/ Ro nksuksagh Hkw fedkv ksa fu.kZ ; dh i zfØ; k v kS j Hkkxhnkjh  esal a [ ; k dsv uq i kr esagksuk t + : jh gS A v Hkh rd dh yksd l Hkk esaefgyk i zfrfuf/ Ro ds v ka d M+ ksa dks ysa A 1952 esa yksd l Hkk esaefgykv ksa dk i zfrfuf/ Ro 4-41 i zfr' kr Fkk] t ks2014 esa12-15 i zfr' kr gq v k gS Av Hkh Hkh ; g Hkkxhnkjh l a r ks"kt ud ughagS A frgÙkjosa l a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u }kjk i a pk; rksaesa ] v kS j pkS gÙkjosa l a ' kks/u }kjk uxji kfydkv ksa esa efgykv ksa ds fy, , d frgkbZLFkku v kjf{kr fd, x, gS A; g efgykvksa a dh jkt uhfrd fgLl snkjh c<+ kus v kS j mudh l kekft d fLFkfr l q / kjus dh fn' kk esa, d cM+ k ykHkdkjh dne l kfcr gq v k gS Abl esaHkh i a pk; rksav kS j uxji kfydkv ksaesa v uq lw fpr t kfr; ksav kS j t ut kfr; ksadsfy, vkjf{kr LFkkuksa esal s, d frgkbZLFkku bu oxksZ adh efgykv ksadsfy, v kjf{kr fd, x, gS _ ml h rjg f' k{k.k l a a LFkkv ksavkS j l jdkjh ukS d fj; ksaesav uq lq fpr t kfr; ksa ] t ut kfr; ksavkS j v U; fi NM+ h t kfr; ksadsfy, v kjf{kr LFkkuksaesal s, d adhefgykv ksadsfy, v kjf{kr fd; k  d oy t hr frgkbZLFkku bu oxksZ t k l drk gS Aefgykv ksadschp f' k{kk dsi zlkj dsfy, r t+ : jh gS Av c] t Yn l st Yn yksd l Hkk ukxfjdksadk ns'k dh jkt uhfr l sv U;ks;kJ; l Eca / fo' ks"k i z;Ru cgq j fo/ kul HkkvksaesaHkh efgykv ksadsfy, , d frgkbZ gS A v kt gekjs ns'k ds l a d h.kZ ] v l fg".kq ] l kEi znkf; d] v kS fga l kRed ekgkS y dksns[krsgq , 2019 dsyksd l Hkk pq uko LFkku v kjf{kr djusdsi zLrko dks2019 dsyksd l Hkk uko ds i gys i kl dj kus ds fy, ncko cukuk dsegÙo dksudkjk ughat kl drk gS A[ kkl dj] efgykvksa pq A bl l sjkt uhfrd {ks=k l fgr l Hkh {ks=kksa dsi zfr c<+ r h fga l kRed ?kVukv ksadsdkj.k efgykv ksadks v frv ko' ; d gS v i uh fLFkfr l q / kjusdsfy, jkt uhfr esafgLl snkjh c<+ kus esaefgyk l ' kfDrdj.k l EHko gksxkA ukjhokn dsl a nHkZesageusi k; k gSfd efgykv ksadh dhv R;a r v ko' ; drk gS Ajkt uhfr esafgLl snkjh nyh; vkS j y r%i fjokj dh l a j puk dsHkhrj fi rl̀ ÙkkRed funZ y h; nksuksafdLe dh gksl drh gS Abl pq uko dsfy, v / hurk ew Lo ds: i esagh v fHkO;Dr gksrh gS A j.kuhfr r; djusesage efgykv ksadh v xz.khHkw fedk gksuh ( patriarchal) opZ j iq #"k fL=k; ksadh v / hurk dh voLFkk dks pkfg, A oS l s Hkh] v k/ h v kcknh dh fu.kkZ ; d Hkw fedk esa t c L=kh vkS ^^i zkÑfrd** ekuusyxrsgS ] v kS a j i fj.kkeLo: i v / hurk mi fLFkfr l sgh fd l h Hkh i zx fr ' khy v ka nksy u  ekuorkoknh] n dj nsrh gS ] rc fi rl̀ Ùkk dh t M+ sa cq f¼oknh] ekDl Z oknh] l kE; oknh] vkEcsMdjoknh] ckS ¼] vt Z d ] dh fLFkfr fn[ kuk ca B dj t krh gS ] v kS a j fi rl̀ ÙkkRed l ksp gh l ekt oknh] bR;kfn  dhl gh n' kk v kS j fn' kk fu/ kZ fjr gks xgj h i S

ukj hokn v kS j j kt uhfr

cq f¼oknh

bfr gkl xokg gS---

okLrfodrk v kS j fopkj/ kjk ds: i esaLFkkfi r gkst krh gS A ta sMj v l ekurk gekjsl ekt dh okLrfodrk gS ] v kS j ;g bLy keksiQ ksfc; k v l ekurk fl i + QHkkjr dh ughagS Z ] oju~fo' oO;ki h gS A l sDl i j v k/ kfj r HksnHkko Hkh uLy ; k t kfr i j MkW fd j u ukFk v k/ kfjr HksnHkko dh rjg gS a A rhuksaesat Ue dsv k/ kj i j fdl h dksJs"B vkS j fdl h dksghu eku fy; k t krk gS A bu fnuksafgUnq v ksaesa; g Hk; i S Q yk; k t k jgk gSfd v kt ns'k esat kx: d nfyr] vkfnokl h] fi NM+ s oxZ ] eq l yekuksal sfgUnw/ eZdks[ krjk gS Aeq l yeku vf/ d v Yi l a [ ; d l Hkh , d&nw l j s ds l kFk rkyesy cukus esa cPpsi S nk djds] yoft + gkn ; k v U; rjhdksal s/ eZ & l fØ; gS Abl h rt Z a +i j ge efgykvksadksHkh jkt uhfrd {ks=k i fjorZ u djk dj] v i usdksbl ns'k esacgq la [ ; d vkS j esav i uh j.kuhfr r; djuh gksxhAfoi {kh i kfV;ZkaHkh vi uh fgUnq v ksadksv Yi l a [ ; d cukusdh l kft ' k dj jgsgS A a uhfr; ksadksLi "V dj l kew fgd ea p@ l kew fgd j.kuhfr bZ ekunkjh eq l yekuksadsi zfr fgUnq v ksaesaHk; vkS j ui + Q jr i S nk djus l scukusdh dksf' k' kdj jgsgS Adgk t kl drk gSfd 2019 esaos bfrgkl ds gokys l s nyhysansrs gS a a _ eq l yeku dkyksd l Hkk pq uko pq ukS fr; ksal sHkjkgS _ nfyrksa ] v kfnokfl ; ksa ] v kØe.kdkjh gS ] mUgksa a usea fnjksadksrksM+ k v kS j fgUnq v ksa fi NM+ soxZ ] v Yi l a [ ; d dh Hkh rS ; kjh i w j h yxu l sgksjgh i j v R;kpkj fd; k] bR;kfnA gS Age efgykv ksadksHkh vkj{k.k dh eka x dkst ksj&' kksj l s Hkkjr esaeq fLye ' kkl u yxHkx , d gt kj o"kksZ ard mBkuh gksxhA FkkAbrusyEcseq fLye ' kkl u dky esaHkht c fgUnq Lrku l kFk gh l kFk] Hkkjr esayksd ra =k dk vfLrRo l q fuf' pr bLykfed jkT; ughacuk] v kS j Hkkjr dh cgq la [;d djus ds fy, l Hkh ukxfjdksa ds fy, / eZ fuji s{krk , d i ztk fgUnwgh cuh jgh] rc vkt Lora =k yksd rkfU=kd v fuok; Z' krZgS A ns'k esa l kEi znkf; d ekgkS y fcxM+ us l s l a fo/ ku }kjk fof/ ds' kkl u dsnkS j ku bl rjg dk Hk; efgyk, aHkh f' kdkj gksrh gS ] vkS a j t cjnLr : i l si zHkkfor i S Q ykuk fcYdq y fujk/ kj v kS j xyr gS A gksrh gS a A bl fy, ] v kusokysyksd l Hkk pq uko esav f/ d l s Hkkjr esaeq gEen xksjh us12oha' krkCnh esafnYyh v f/ d l a [ ; k esav i usernku dk i z;ksx rksdjuk ghgS _ l kFk l Yrur dh uha o MkyhAbl dsrgr dbZoa ' kksausfnYyh gh] efgykv ksal sl h/ st q M+ seq í ksadksHkh eq [ kj : i l smBkuk dh l Yrur l EHkkyh] ft uesarq d Zv kS j vi + Q xku l q Yrku gS Aefgykv ksadksv i uh pq Ii h rksM+ uh gksxh] v kjS v i usneu gq , A bl ds ckn] eq xyksaus mUgsagjk dj eq xy jkT; v kS j ' kks"k.k l st M q+ h l eL; kv ksadks[ kq n gy fudkyuk gksxkA LFkkfi r fd; kAHkkjr esabl h dky esaHkfDr v kUnksy u v i us i kfjokfjd {ks=k l s fudy dj ge efgykv ksa dks dh ' kq #v kr gq bZ A jfonkl ] ukud] ehjk ckb]Z dchj] jkt uhfrd {ks=k l fgr l Hkh l koZ t fud {ks=kksaesal fØ; gksdj v kfn bl dky dsl a r &dfo FksAHkxor xhrk] i q j k.kksadks v i us gkykr l q / kjus dh ft Eesokjh ysuh gksxh] rHkh ge Hkhbl dky esafy[ kk x; kArq y l hnkl usjkepfjrekul efgyk, ayksd rka f=kd ew Y; ksadsv k/ kj i j l q [ ki w oZ d xfjeke; dh jpuk bl eq xy dky esagh dhA; gkard fd bu v kS j U;k; ksfpr t hou t h i k, a xha A efgykv ksadh fLFkfr esa / eZ xa zFkksadk v uq okn i + Q kjl h esaHkh eq fLye fo}kuksaus Øka frdkjh v kS j cq fu; knh i fjorZ u v ko' ; d gS A ns'k esa fd; kAjghe] jl [ kku] vehj [ kw l jksausfgUnhl kfgR; dks v k/ h v kcknh dscnyko dsfcuk gj cnyko v/ w j k gh jg l e`¼ fd; kA fgUnw/ eZ ] fgUnh l kfgR; v kS j la LÑr t k, xkA l kfgR; bl dky esai Q yk&i w Q yk v kS j l e`¼ gh gq v kA



cq f¼oknh

eè; ; q x esat c nq fu; k dsl Hkh jkt k] v i usmQ i j l s dka / kj] dksgnkeu] ckfe; ku l sysd j ukya nk ckS ¼ fogkjksa / kfeZ d la LFkkv ksa pkgsog ; q j ksi esappZ; k i ksi gksa; k v kS j cq ¼ eq frZ ; ksadksghrksM+ k] fHk{kq v ksadk dRysv ke fd; kA , sf' k; k esa[ kyhi + Q k ; k fgUnwjkt kv ksai j czkã.k i q j ksfgr dk fl i + Q ZHkkjr esagh ughai w j s, f' k; k ds' kgjksav kS j jkT; ksaesa fu; a =k.k  l sv i usdkseq Dr v kS j Lora =k dj jgsFks] rc fo' kky cq ¼ ew frZv kS j ckS ¼ fogkj ] ckS ¼ v fHkys[k] fnYyh l Yrur ds l q Yrku v Yykmíhu f[ kyt h us Hkh i q Lrdky; ] fo' ofo| ky; bu v jc v kØe.kdkfj; ksadk [ kyhi + Q k l sv i uk ukrk rksM+dj Lora =k : i l sv i usdks fu' kkuk cusFksA bjku] bZ j kd] rq fdZ Lrku v kS j eè; , f' k; k lq Yrkus&fgUn v kS j ; gkadh cgq la [ ; d fgUnwi zt k dk jkt k ckS ¼ / eZdksgh feVk dj gh i w j h rjg l sbLykfed jkT; ?kksf"kr fd; kA v Yykmíhu f[ kyt h dsckt kj i zca / u dh cu x, AHkkjr esaHkh budsv kØe.k dsckn ckS ¼ ; gkal s i z'ka l k bfrgkl dkj dj r s gS a A oS l s gh] ' ksj' kkg dh feV x, _ v kS j t ks fogkj ea fnj cps mu i j czkã.kksaus yksd dY; k.kdkjh ' kkl u O;oLFkk Hkh i z'ka l uh; FkhAbl ds v i uk dCt k dj fy; kAHkkjr dh cgq la [ ; d t urk fgUnw ckn dsl Hkh eq fLye ' kkl dksausv i usdksdHkhHkhfons'kh gh jghA ughal e>kAcfYd l suk v kS j ' kkl u dsma Q psi nksai j fgUnw ea =kh] l suki fr] l ykgdkj fu; q Dr fd, A v r%; g dguk nfy r v kR el Eeku d sf' kYi h % fd mUgksa usv i usfgUnwi zt k i j t q Ye fd; k , dne xyr c MkW - Hkhej ko v kEcsMd j gS A v ki l esa ns'kh j kt kv ksa esa ; q ¼ Hkh fdl h eS nku ckck l kgs ( i kuhi r] gYnh ?kkVh] bR;kfn) esagksrk FkkAfdl ku v i us MkW -lq Hkk"k pUnzfl a g [ ksrksaesagy pykrsjgrs] t ul k/ kj.k v i us jkst ejkZds Hkkjrh; l H; rkv kS j la LÑfr usv i usO;kogkfjd i {kesa dkeksaesai w oZ or~yxsjgrsFksAl sukv ksadks; g rkdhn fd; k ekuoh; ew Y; ksads] euq "; dkseuq "; ek=k l e>us] gksusv kS j t krk Fkk fd dksbZfdl kuksads[ ksrksal su xq t+ j sv kS j [ kM+ h Lohdkj djusdh i zof̀Ùk l sfopyu dksi znf' kZ r fd; k] v kS j iQ l yksadks cjckn u djsA eS nkuksaesagh gkj t hr dk v i usghl e: i ca /q v ksadsl kFki ' kq or O;ogkj dksi zJ ; Hkh iS Q l yk gkst krk Fkk] v kS j i zt k dsfy, eq uknh gkst krh Fkh fn; kAHkkjrh; l ekt esao.kZ &O;oLFkk usv i usgh ca /q v ksadks fd i Q ykajkt k t hr x; k v kS j vc i Q ykav ki dk jkt k gS A nks;e nt sZdkl e>k] v kS j mUgsav Nw r v kS j v Li `' ; cukfn; k] i zt k] t S l sv kt dy eS p esagkj t hr dksyksx l q ursgS _ t ksl Hkhrjg l sekuoh; ew a Y; ksadsfoi jhr FkkAHkkjrh; l ekt oS l sgh l q urh v kS j jkst ejkZdsdk; Zesayx t krhA esai gysl sHkh bl dsfojks/ esaLoj mB jgsFks] i ja r qosl Hkh bl fy, ] rq y l hnkl usHkh fy[ kk gS% q / eZi j v kfJr Fksv kS j va r r%ml h esafoyhu Hkh gksx, A v kS i fuosf' kd dky esabl esaxfr v kbZv kS j T; ksfrck i q Q ysrFkk ^^dksm uì gks;] gq egq adk gkfuA** nksy uksausbl dh uha o dksv kjSet cw r h nhA ; g dguk fd mUgksa usea fnjksadksrksM+ k v kS j dRysv ke v k; Zl ekt dsv ka r qbl spS r U; : i nsd j l ekt esaeuq "; dkseuq "; gksus] fd; k] rks; g dke ; gkads' kkl dksausughafd; k FkkA i ja j Lohdkj djusdh psruk] fo' okl v kS j rdZdh cf[ r; kj my f[ kt yh] egew n xt uh] ukfnj' kkg dkv kØe.k l e>usv kS usnh] osFksckck l kgc Hkhejko v kEcsMdjA Hkkjr esagq v k] ft udk edl n ; gkal sl ksuk v kS j / u yw V i z.kkyhft Ugksa Hkkjrh; l a LÑfr dh / kfeZ d O;oLFkk, al kea r h psruk l s dj yst kuk FkkA oS l s] budsv kØe.k dsl e; Hkkjr esa i zkf.kr gksa; kugha ] i ja r ql kea r hO;oLFkkdksxkjSokfU or t + :j fdrusi zkphu ea fnj Fks; g , d ' kks/ v kS j v è; ; u dk v uq Abl fy, ] ckck l kgc usnfyr psruk dksmHkkjus] fo"k; gS _ D; ka fsd oS fnd czkã.k rksea Mi ksadk fuekZ . k dj djrh Fkha . kdksu, <+ x l si fjekft Z a r ; K gou gh djrsFksA ; g ew frZLFkkfi r dj efUnjksadk v kRel Eeku dksmPp rFkkvkRefuekZ d v kS j rdZdh fuekZ . k cgq r ckn esagksusyxkA mÙkj Hkkjr esarksi zkphu djusdsfy, u, jkt uhfrd] l kekft d] / kfeZ j ubZekuoh; l H; rkl sHkkjr dks ea fnj cgq r ghde gS Av kS a j t ksgS aHkh og ck¼ S fogkj v kS j i z.kkyhdksi zfrf"Br fd; k] v kS Ldkfjr djusdkv kg~ oku Hkhfd; kAosnfyrksal sdgkdjr s cq ¼ dsea fnjka sdksf' ko ea fnj esai fjofrZ r dj czkã.kksav kS j la Fks] ^^ghu HkkoukdksNksM+ ks**A; g mudsl a ns'kdkew y gq v k] t ks ega r ksusdCt k dj fy; k FkkAcf[ r; kj my f[ kyt husrks

cq f¼oknh

f' k{kk] l a xBu v kS j la ?k"kZdsv k/ kj i j v kS j Lora =krk] l ekurk gksl drkAvLi `' ; oxZbl xza FkdhekU ; rkvksadksLohdkj ugha v kjSca /q r k dsv kn' kZl si zpfyr gksjgk gS A djrk] bl dksfn[ kykusdsfy, gh bl dkst ykusdk mUgksa us ckckl kgc vi ust hou dsi zkjfEHkd v oLFkkl st kfr ds ; fy; k FkkAbl dsl kFk&l kFk ea fnj i zos'k v ka nksy u vkS j ml na ' kl si hfM+ r Fks]t ksekuoh; xfjekdkst Uek/ kfjr ekurk fu.kZ fnj l R;kxzg Hkhbl heuksoS Kkfud l a d sr dksi q "VdjrkgSrFkk FkkA v r%mUgksa useuq "; rk dksbl v fHk' kki l scpkusv kS j ea nfyrksaesav kRel Eeku dhHkkoukt kxr̀ djusdkv i uki z;kl v kR el Eeku dksLohdkj djrkgS A ' kq : fd; kA eq [ ; : i l st c ckck l kgc MkW - v kEcsMdj ckckl kgc dkekuuk Fkkfd fgUnw/ eZesai fjorZ u ugha cS fjLVj cus] rc l smUgksa usbl s, d ubZxfr nh_ ft l esai zeq [k v k l drkAmudk ekuuk Fkk fd ^^--- fgUnq v ksadsv a r% dj.k Fkk  cfg"Ñr fgr d kfj . kh l Hkk d k xBuAbl l a LFkk ds fut hZ o gksrst kjgsgS ] i RFkj vkS a j bZ V dsfnokjksadhrjg muds a eq [ ; mís'; esa' kkfey Fkk  ^^v Li `' ; ksadsfy, f' k{kk dh va r% dj.k gksjgsgS a A, slh fnokjksai j fl j i Vdusl sfl j gh O;oLFkkdjukA** iw Q VusokykgS AfgUnq v ksadseu esai fjorZ u ughagksxkA** v kS j bl 1926 esaeq EcbZesaegkn uxji kfydkusegkn dsi zfl ¼ v kØks'kdksv fHkO;fDr feyh1935 ds; soykesat gkai fj"kn~ pkonkj rkykc dksl koZ t fud ?kksf"kr dj fn; kAi ja r ql o.kksZ a esamUgksa us/ eZ &i fjorZ u dhbPNk O;Dr dhAmUgksa usdgk fd dkfojks/ t kjhjgkAckckl kgc us1927 esal Hkkdhv ksj l s ^^LokfHkeku v kS j ' kka fr ft l / eZesagks] ogkat kv ksAi ja r q; kn , d i fj"kn~cq y kbZ ] ft l l s v Li `' ; l ekt ds yksxksa dh j[ kks]t ksHkh/ eZrq e pq uksxsml esal eku v ol j] l eku v kpj.k HkkxhnkjhFkhAckckl kgc us; gkadgkFkkfd ^^vc t ut kxf̀r v kS j l eku Lrj feyusghpkfg, A** eq [ ; : i l sv kRe: i l s dki oZl ekIr gkspq d kgS Avc i zR;{kÑfr dht + : jr gS A** i zd kf' kr dj] v i usfoosd l spq uusdhLora =krkv kS j ekxZ n' kZ u v i usv è; {kh; Hkk"k.k esaHkh] ^^ew [ krkZ iw . kZfopkjksav kS j va / dkt ksl w =kmUgksa usfn; k] og v kRel Eeku v kS j v kRefuekZ . kdh &J¼kl sckgj fudyus** rFkkv kpkj] fopkj v kS j O;ogkj esa zkfudhdj.kHkh dykdkew ylw =kFkk_vkS j nfyr psrukdkoS K ' kq ¼rk dksykusi j t ksj fn; kA l kFk gh] ; g Hkh dgk fd FkkAv a r r%1956 esamU gksa usv i usvuq ; kf; ; ksadsl kFkckS ¼ èkeZ ^^--- nfyrksadhxko a esabTt r ughagS Amudhv fLerk[ kRe gks esa' kkfey gksdj bl sHkkjr esafi Q j l sLFkkfi r fd; kAvi us pq d h gS Afdl h dsi sa Q dsgq , ckl hVq d M+ ksai j t huk v c mU gsa ew Y; ksavkS j t ura =koknhnf̀"Vdks.kdsl kFkuockS ¼dhi fjdYi uk R;kx nsukgksxkAbl dsfy, mUgsaer̀ t kuojksadheka l [ kkusdh i zLrq r dhAeq [ ; : i l sckckl kgc ; g Lohdkj djrsFksfd of̀Ùk NksM+nsuhgkxshAv kt i zfrKkdjksfd ge ma Q p&uhp ds mudsl kekft d n' kZ u rhu ' kCnksaesafufgr gS a ] ^^Lora =krk] l erk Hksn dksHkw y sa xsA LokoyEch cusa xs] [ ksrh djsa xs] vfLerk ugha v kS j ca /q r k**A NksM+ xsA** v kR sa el Eeku dk l R ; kxzg ' kq : gq v k] i w j sekuoh; va r r%l kekft d] jkt uhfrd v kS j l ka LÑfrd l a nHkksZ adsu, l jksd kjksadsl kFk_v kS j pkonkj l R;kxzg usbl si q "Vfd; k] l kFk vk; keksadsl kFk&l kFk] ckckl kgc usnfyr vkR epsruk] vkR el Eeku gh ekuoh; psruk dksHkhAbl esaosi zxfr' khy l o.kksZ adk Hkh v kS j v kRefuekZ . k dh] t ksn' kk v kS j fn' kk r; dh og v kt l eFkZ u i kusesal i Q y jgsA1927 esaegkn esaeuq Lef̀r dsngu ekuoh; ew Y; dk] cfYd l kekft d l eUo; v kS j jk"Vªh; rkdk usbl sv kxsc<+ k; kA; g , d l a d sr Fkkl kekft d xq y kefxjhl s v k/ kj Hkh cu jgk gS& v i usu, &u, l a nHkksZ av kS j i z;ksxksal s eq Dr gksusdk] v a / v kLFkkl sfudyusdk] vkS j vkRel Eeku dks ew y ekuorkdsl kFk_ f' k{kk] l a xBu v kS jla ?k"kZdhpsrukfy, oki l ykusdk euksoS Kkfud i z;ksx] t ksv i zfre Fkk_ D; ksa fd gq ,A -l q Hkk"kpU nzfl a g] i w oZt s-v kj - , i Q -] i Vukfo' ofo| ky ; ] ckckl kgc dk; g ekuukFkkfd euq Lef̀r fo"kerkdkl eFkZ u ( MkW oZ i zd kf' kr v ky s[k d k djrhgS ] ' kw nzt kfr dhfuU nkdjrhgS ALo; a fu.kZ ; dsfl ¼a kr i Vuk] d k ; g v ky s[k ' kks/ &nf̀"V esai w la f{kIr : i ka r j gS A) dksLohdkj djusokysO;fDr; ksadks; g xza FkdHkhLohdk; Zugha 6

cq f¼oknh

czkã . kokn d k foj ks/ % D; ksav kS j dS l s\

v kjf{kr dj fn; k x; k gS A( 5) bl esav kS j r&enZxS j cjkcjh dksekU;rk i znku dh x; h gS A ( 6) bl esav yx&v yx o.kksZ adsfy, v yx&v yx dkuw u cryk, x, gS A ( 7) a bl esa, d o.kZv kS j nw l jso.kZdschp fookg i j i zfrca / j es Uæ yxk; k x; k gS A( 8) bl esaNq v kNw r dk l eFkZ u fd; k x; k gS A ( 9) bl esao.kZ &O;oLFkk dksbZ ' oj&fufeZ r cryk dj ^^czkã.kokn dk fojks/ D; ksav kS j dS l \s** fo"k; i j bl s/ kfeZ d ekU;rk i znku dh x; h gS A dksbZHkh ppkZdjusl si gys^^czkã.kokn** ' kCn dk v FkZ euqdsv uq l kj] czã k usghfo' o dh jpuk dh] czã k Li "V dj ysuk t + : jh gS AeksVsrkS j i j] dgk t k l drk gS us gh p kj ksao. kksZad h j p uk d h] c zã k us gh euq Lef̀r dh fd czkã.kokn czkã . kksad h/ kfeZ d fopkj / kj k gS Aczkã.k jpuk dj euqdksi <+ k; k] v kS j czã k usgh pkjksao.kksZ ads t kfr l ukruh fgUnw/ eZ; k czkã.k / eZdsi q j ksfgrksadh / eZfu/ kZ fjr dj fn, Al a {ksi esa ] czkã.kokn bl fo' o ds t kfr gS Ai jEi jkxr : i l sczkã.k t kfr esai S nk gksusokys rFkkdfFr l f̀"VdÙkkZczã k }kjk fufeZ r gS A iq #"k gh fgUnq v ksadschp i q j ksfgr dk dke djrsgS A bl a rjg] czkã.kokn fgUnwi q j ksfgrksadh / kfeZ d fopkj/ kjk gS A cz kã . kokn d k foj ks/ D; ksa \ nw l js' kCnksaesa ] ^^czkã.kokn** dk v FkZgS^^fgUnw/ eZ ** ; k ^^czkã.k / eZ **A , d okD; esadgk t k l drk gSfd czkã.kokn dk czkã.kokn dsew y rRo gS a%, d] osnksadhi zkekf.kdrk foj ks/ bl fy , ] D; ksa fd ; g O ; oLFkk cq f¼&foj ks/ h] esafo' okl _nks]o.kZ &O ; oLFkk_vkS j rhu] deZ okn] v orkjokn] v U;k; i w . kZv kS j v y ksd r ka f=kd gS Abl dkLora =krk] l erk eks{kokn] v kfnA buesal kekft d nf̀"V l sl cl segÙoi w . kZ v kS j ca /q r k dsekuoh; ew Y; ksal sfojks/ gS Abl rjg] ; g gS% o. kZ &O; oLFkkA o. kZ &O; oLFkk dk l h/ k l Eca / oS pkfjd v kS j uS frd nksuksanf̀"V l sv ki fÙkt ud gS AHkkjrh; t kfr&O;oLFkk l sgS ] t ksfgUnwl ekt dh l cl scM+ h cq j kbZ la nHkZesa czkã. kokn , d oxZ foghu] t kfrfoghu v kS j gS A l kekft d nf̀"V l s ^^czkã. kokn** dk v FkZ gS v kS j r&enZcjkcjh i j v k/ kfjr l ekt dh fn' kk esac<+ us ^^o. kZ &O ; oLFkk d h fopkj / kj k**] t kst kfr&O;oLFkk dks dsjkLrsaesal cl scM+ h ck/ k gS A ,d l S ¼a kfrd v k/ kj i znku djrh gS A ; g dguk fd o.kZ &O;oLFkk dk fuekZ . k rFkkdfFkr euq Lef̀r , d i zeq [ kczkã.koknhxza FkgS Abl dsfo' ys"k.k czã k usv i us' kjhj dsv a xksal sfd; k gS ] , d dkYi fud l sczkã.kokn dspfj=k dht kudkjh fey l drhgS Al a {ksi v kS j eux<+ r ckr gS a ] ft l sdksbZcq f¼oknh O;fDr dHkh esa ] ( 1) bl esat Ue dsv k/ kj i j fgUnwl ekt dkspkj Lohdkj ughadj l drk gS Ao.kZ &O;oLFkk dksl gh Bgjkus o.kksZ aesacka V fn; k x; k gS%czkã.k] {kf=k; ] oS ' ; v kS j ' kw nzA dsi z;Ru esaczkã.kokn }kjk bZ ' oj dsv fLrRo] osnksadh ( 2) bl esai fzr"Bk dsv k/ kj i j czkã.k dksl cl smQ ij i zkekf.kdrk] v kRek dh v ejrk] deZ okn v ksj v orkjokn j[ kk x; k gS ] ml l suhps{kf=k; ] {kf=k; l suhpsoS ' ; ] v kS j tS l sv a / fo' okl ksadk l gkjk fy; k t krk gS A bl rjg] ' kw nzksadksbl O;oLFkk esal cl suhpsLFkku fn; k x; k gS A czkã.kokn Hkkjrh; l ekt esav a / fo' okl ksav kS j va / fo' okl h ( 3) bl esaczkã.k] {kf=k; v kS j oS ' ; ksadks^^f}t ** dgk ekufl drk dk i zeq [ k L=kksr gS A x; k gS ] v kS j ek=k f}t o.kksZ adsi q #"kksadksgh mi u; u v kS j czkã.kokn Lora =krk] l erk v kS j ca /q r k dsew Y; ksads osnksadsv è; ; u dk v f/ dkj fn; k x; k gS A' kw nzksav kS j f}t fo#¼ gS Afdl h t kfr ; k fya x fo' ks"k esat Ue dsv k/ kj o.kZdh efgykv ksadks v è; ; u ds v f/ dkj l s oa fpr i j fdl h dksJs"B v kS j fdl h dksghu ekuuk] ; gkard fd; k x; k gS A( 4) bl esapkj o.kksZ adsfy, v yx&v yx fd dq N yksxksadks^^v Nw r ** ?kksf"kr djuk] v kjSmudsfy, / eZv kS j O;ol k; fu/ kZ fjr dj fn, x, gS A a f' k{kd v kS j v yx&v yx dkuw u cukuk] l erk v kS j ca /q r k dsew Y; ksads iq j ksfgr dsdke dksczkã.k o.kZdsi q #"kksadsfy, i w . kZ r% fo#¼ gS A v kS j rksav kS j ' kw nzksadks f' k{kk ds v f/ dkj l s

cq f¼oknh

oa fpr djuk Lora =krk v kS j l erk dsew Y; ksadsfo#¼ gS A i jEi jkxr : i l soa fpr t kfr; ksadksv kxsv kusdk fo' ks"k fdl h , d t kfr esa t Ues O;fDr dks fdl h , d gh v ol j fey l dsA O;ol k; esat kusdsfy, ckè; djuk] ; k , d gh t kfr esa ( 5) t kfr dsca / u dsfcuk v i uh et hZl sfookg fookg djusdsfy, ckè; djuk] Lora =krk dsew Y; ds djusdsv f/ dkj dk l eFkZ u djuk pkfg, A fo#¼ gS A bl h rjg] v kS j r v kS j enZds fy, nksgjs ( 6) v kS j r&enZcjkcjh dks , d l kekft d v kn' kZ eki n.M LFkkfi r djuk] v kS j v kS j r dksges'kk i q #"k ds ekursgq , fua j rj bl fn' kk esac<+ usdsfy, i z;Ru djuk v / hu jgusdk fo/ ku nsuk] Lora =krk v kS j l erk dsew Y; ksa pkfg, A dsfo#¼ gS A ( 7) t kfr&O;oLFkk dks feVkus dk , d egÙoi w . kZ v FkZgSt kfr i j v k/ kfjr xS j cjkcjh dksfeVkukA fi NM+ h czkã . kokn d k foj ks/ d S l s\ v kS j nfyr t kfr; ksadh l kekft d fLFkfr esal q / kj ykusds d fLFkfr esal q / kj t + : jh gS Abl dsfy, v kt dsl n aHkZesal cl segÙoi w . kZi z'u ; g gSfd fy, mudh v kfFkZ d uhfr; ksadsfy, i z;Ru djuk pkfg, ] t ks czkã. kokn dk fojks/ dS l s fd; k t k, \ czkã.kokn ds gesa, slh v kfFkZ j v kfFkZ d xS j cjkcjh dksfeVk, A fojks/ dsv a r xZ r t kfr&O;oLFkk dsfojks/ dksHkh ' kkfey xjhch] csjkst xkjh v kS ( 8) czkã. koknh l a LÑfr ds fodYi ds : i esa ekuuk pkfg, Aczkã.kokn dk fojks/ ge D; ksadj jgsgS ] a la xr] oS Kkfud fpa r u v kS j Lora =krk] l erk , oaca /q rk bl l sgh ; g ckr l e> esav krh gSfd czkã.kokn dk rdZ dsew Y; ksai j v k/ kfjr ekuorkoknh l a LÑfr dsfodkl ds fojks/ dS l sdjuk pkfg, % r j i z;Ru djuk pkfg, A ( 1) l cl s i gys gesat kfr&O;oLFkk ds l S ¼ka frd fy, fuja bl rjg dh l exz uhfr }kjk ge czkã.kokn ; k v k/ kj czkã.kokn ; k o.kZ &O;oLFkk dh fopkj/ kjk dk ] v kS a j fojks/ djukpkfg, Abl dsfy, gesava / fo' okl hekufl drk t kfr&O;oLFkk dsgj i {k dk fojks/ dj l drsgS Av xj czkã.kokn dksfeVkus a v kjS / eZ xza Fkksaesav kLFkk i j i zgkj djrsgq , bZ ' oj ( czã k) ] bl dsi zHkko dksfeVk l drsgS osnksadhi zkekf.kdrk] vkRekdhv ejrk] deZ okn] vorkjokn ds fy, ; s mi k; okLro esa fd, t k, a rks ; g , d v kjSeks{kokn t S l sv a / fo' okl ksadsfo#¼ v fHk; ku pykuk l kekft d ØkfUr gksxhA pkfg, A ; g rHkh l EHko gSt c v a / fo' okl h ekufl drk dhct k, rdZ la xr v kS j oS Kkfud fpa r u dksi zksRl kgu fn; k mÙkj Hkkj r h; ukfLr d l Eesy u t k, A ( 2) t kfr v kS j fya x dsv k/ kj i j fdl h dksJs"B l erk] Lora =krk v kS j U;k; dsekuo ew Y; ksal si zfrc¼ v kjS ghu ekuusdh euksof̀Ùk dksNksM+dj Lora =krk v kS j t kfr&/ eZ &eq Dr fcjknjh ^ekuoh; l ekt * dsrRok/ ku esa l erk dsew Y; dksv i ukuk pkfg, ] v kS j l ekt esai zR;sd mÙkj Hkkj rh; ukfLrd l Eesy u fnuka d 20 v kS j 21 O;fDr dkscjkcj l Eeku nsusdsv kn' kZdh v ksj c<+ usdk v DVw cj] 2018] dsfnuksaesaeksrh Hkou] jsy osLVs'ku ds i z;Ru djuk pkfg, A fudV] chdkusj ( jkt LFkku) esav k; ksft r fd; k t k jgk gS A ( 3) fi NM+ h v kS j nfyr t kfr; ksa, oaefgykv ksads l Eesy u esaHkkjr ds fujh' oj ekuookfn; ksadh fof' k"V chp f' k{kk dsi zpkj&i zlkj dsfy, fo' ks"k i z;Ru djuk l eL; kv ksadsl kFk gh l kFk] v ke v kneh dsl keuseq g a pkfg, A ck; s[ kM+ h Hkh"k.k l edkfyd pq ukS fr; ksai j fopkj foe' kZ ( 4) t kfr v kS j O;ol k; ds chp ds l Eca / dks gksxkA rksM+ usdsfy, i ;zRu djuk pkfg, Agj O;fDr dksv i uh #fp v kS j {kerk ds v uq l kj v i uk O;ol k; pq uus dh fuosnd ( l a ; kst u l fefr) Lora =krk feyuh pkfg, Abl v kn' kZdh v ksj c<+ usdsfy, j . kt hr ] foHkw fr ukj k; . k j k; ] x. ki r y ky ] v kj{k.k dh uhfr dh l gk; rk Hkh yh t kuh pkfg, ] rkfd cy foa nj cj uky k] j key ky 8

cq f¼oknh

' kj kc] l sDl v kS j uhfr ' kkL=k %

t gkard l sDl &uS frdrk dk i z'u gS ] rksesjk ; g fu"d"kZFkk %^^rdZ la xr : i l sfopkj djusi j i jEi jkxr lq i zhe d ksVZd sfu. kZ ; ksad s : i l spyh v k jgh ^t k; t + * v kS j ^ukt k; t + * l Eca / ksadh v ky ksd esa, d i q uj koy ksd u ?kksf"kr v kf/ dkfjd i fjHkk"kk esai fjorZ u dh v ko' ; drk egl w l gksrh gS A l sDl &l Eca / h ubZuS frdrk ; g gksuh pkfg, fd ft l ' kkjhfjd l Eca / dksLFkkfi r djusesa>w B] j es Uæ Ny&di V ; kt ksj&t +cjnLrhdkl gkjkfy; kx; kgks] og esjs}kjk fy[ kh x; h NksVh&l h fdrkc ' kjkc] l sDl ukt k; t + ] v uq fpr v kS j v oS / gS ] pkgsog fookg dsnk; js v kS j uhfr' kkL=k dk i zd k' ku 2017 esacq f ¼oknh i Q kma Ms'ku esagks; k fookg dsckgjAnw l jh v ksj] t ks' kkjhfjd l Eca / }kjk fd; kx; k FkkAO;kogkfjd uhfr' kkL=kdhbl jpuk esa >w B] Ny&di V ; k t ksj&t + cjnLrh dk l gkjk fy, fcuk] eS usnksfo"k; ka a si j uhfr' kkL=k dksykxwfd; k Fkk %i gyk] i jLi j l gefr l s LFkkfi r fd; k x; k gks] v kS j ft l esa ' kjkc i huk mfpr gS; k v uq fpr_ v kS j nw l jk] nkso; Ld LokLF; i j i M+ usokyscq j si fj.kkeksadsjksd &Fkke dsmi k; O;fDr; ksadschp l sDl q v y l Eca / fdu i fjfLFkfr; ksaesa fd, x, gksa ] og t k; t + ] mfpr ; k oS / gS A** mfpr gS ] v kS j fdu i fjfLFkfr; ksaesav uq fpr] v kS j D; ksa \ l eyS fxd l Eca a / ksadh ppkZdjrsgq , ] eS usdgk Fkk a eS usi fj.kkeokn ( deksZ a a; k uS frdrk dsfu; eksadk mfpr ; k fd mQ i j l sDl &l Eca / h ft l ubZuS frdrk dk fu: i .k v uq fpr gksuk mudsi fj . kke i j fuHkZ j gS ) dk l eFkZ u fd; k x; k gS ] ml dsnk; jsesal eyS fxd l Eca a / ksadksHkh djrsgq , t ku WLVq v VZfey }kjkv kW u fycVhZ( On Liberty) ' kkfey fd; k t kuk pkfg, A esaO;Dr fd, x, bl uS frd fopkj dksrdZ la xr ekuk Fkk fut rk ds v f/ dkj ds l a nHkZesa eS us ; g fopkj a fd i zR;sd O ; fDr d ks v i uk t hou t hus d s fy , O;Dr fd; k Fkk fd D; ksa fd ^^nks O;fDr; ksa ds chp v f/ d r e Lor a =kr k fey uh pkfg, ] t c r d fd og l sDl &l Eca / mudk fut h ekeyk gS ] bl fy, , sl s esa nw l j ksad h , sl h Lor a =kr k esagLr {ksi uk d j sA Lora =krk] l Ec¼ O;fDr; ksadks] v xj os pkgsarks] v i uh i zkboslh l erk v kS j ca /q r k ds cq fu; knh ew Y; ksa v kS j i fj.kkeoknh cuk, j[ kusdkHkhi w j kv f/ dkj gS( right to privacy) A** nf̀"Vdks.k dks v i uk dj eS us rkRdkfyd egÙo ds bu a ' kjkc] l sDl v kS j uhfr' kkL=k ds i zd k' ku ds ckn] fo"k; ksai j v i usfopkj O;Dr fd, FksA Hkkjr dsl q i zhe dksVZdsrhu , slsegÙoi w . kZfu.kZ ; v k, gS ] a la {ksi esa ] ' kjkc i husdsckjsesaesjk fu"d"kZ; g Fkk t ksbl fdrkc esaO;Dr fd, x, fopkjksadsv uq : i gS A a fd ^^' kjkc i huk dq N i fjfLFkfr; ksaesamfpr gS ] v kS j dq N lq i zhe dksVZdk i gyk egÙoi w . kZfu.k;Z fut rk ds i fjfLFkfr; ksaesav uq fprA ; g ughadgk t k l drk gSfd v f/ dkj l sl Eca f/ r gS _ t cfd nw l jk v kS j rhl jk fu.kZ ; ' kjkc i hukgj O;fDr dsfy, gj i fjfLFkfr esav uq fpr gS A ba fM; u fi uy dksM dh / kjk 377 v kS j 497 l sl Eca fèkr t gkai j ' kjkc i husokyk O;fDr v R;f/ d ' kjkc i h dj gS A v xLr 2017 esagh fn, x, v i us , d l oZ l Eer fl i + Qv i uk uq Z d l ku dj jgk gks] ogkaml sl e>k; k t k , sfrgkfl d fu.kZ ; esal q i zhe dksVZdsukS &l nL; h; l a oS èkkfud l drk gS ] ; k ml dk bykt +u' kk foeq fDr dsUnzesafd; k t k i hB us; g ekuk fd fut rk dk v f/ dkj Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa l drk gS ] ysfdu ml sdkuw u dsekè; e l snf.Mr djus dk , d ekS fy d v f/ d kj gS A bl fu.kZ ; esa; g dgk dk dksbZv kS fpR; ughagS A** eS us; g ekuk Fkk fd ^^t gka x; k fd fut rk dk v f/ dkj Hkkjrh; l a a fo/ ku dh / kjk O;fDr ds' kjkc i husdk cq j k v l j nw l jksadh Lora =krk i j 21 esamfYyf[ kr t hou v kS j l ora =krk dsv f/ dkj dk i M+ r k gks] ogkal jdkj dksdkuw u cuk dj ml i j jksd v fHkUu v a x gS Afu.kZ ; dsv uq l kj] fut rk ( privacy) ds yxkus dk v f/ dkj gS A** bl ds v ykok] ^^dkuw u }kjk v a r xZ r O;fDrxr ?kfu"Vrk, a ] i fjokj] t hou] fookg] i zt uu] ukxfjdksai j i w . kZ' kjkcca nh ykxwdjus dk dksbZuS frd ?kj v kS j l sDl q v y v ksfj; a Vs'ku ' kkfey gS A a v kS fpR; ughagS A ; g ukxfjdksadst hou esal jdkj }kjk v uko' ; d gLr{ksi gS A**

cq f¼oknh

lq i zhe dksVZdsv uq l kj] fut rk dsv a r xZ r O;fDr dh Lok; Ùkrk v kS j v i ust hou dsegÙoi w . kZi {kksadksfu; a f=kr djus dh {kerk dk l a j {k.k ' kkfey gS A bl ds v ykok] fut rk ds v a r xZ r v dsy s NksM+ s t kus dk v f/ dkj Hkh ' kkfey gS A 2018 dsfl rEcj ekg esal q i zhe dksVZdsnksv U; egÙoi w . kZfu.kZ ; l keusv k, gS A i gysdk l Eca a / ba fM; u fi uy dksM dh / kjk 377 l sgS ] ft l sfczfV' k ' kkl u ds nkjSku 1861 esaykxwfd; k x; k Fkk] ; kuhyxHkxk 160 o"kZ i gys! v i usfu.kZ ; esal q i zhe dksVZusekuk fd bl / kjk dk og v a ' k] t ksnkso; Ld O;fDr; ksadschp i jLi j l gefr l s LFkkfi r ^^v i kzÑfrd** l sDl dks v i jk/ ekurk gS ] vl a oS / kfud gS A bl ds v a r xZ r l eyS a fxd l Eca / Hkh ' kkfey gS A nw a l js' kCnksaesa ] nkso; Ld O;fDr; ka sdschp i jLi j l gefr l sLFkkfi r l eyS fxd l Eca a / lq i zhe dksVZ dsbl i S Q l ysdsckn v c v i jk/ ughajg x, gS A a lq i zhe dksVZds fl rEcj] 2018] esafn, x, nw l js egÙoi w . kZfu.kZ ; esa ba fM; u fi uy dksM dh 158 o"kZ iq j kuh / kjk 497 dksv l a oS / kfud ekursgq , [ kkfjt +dj fn; k x; k gS A bl i q j kus fi rl̀ ÙkkRed / kjk dk l Eca / adultery ( fookg dsnk; jsdsckgj ' kkjhfjd l Eca /) l s FkkA lq i zhe dksVZdsv uq l kj dksbZHkhdkuw u] t ksv kS j rksadh xfjek v kS j l erk dsfo#¼ gks] v l a oS / kfud gS Ai fr i Ruh dk ekfyd ; k Lokeh ughagS A[ kkfjt +fd, x, / kjk ds va r xZ r v xj dksbZi q #"k fdl h fookfgr efgyk l sml ds i fr dh l gefr ; k v uq efr ds fcuk ' kkjhfjd l Eca / LFkkfi r djrk gS ] rks ml s ml i q #"k ds fy, n.Muh; v i jk/ ekuk x; k FkkA nw l js' kCnksaesa ] i Ruh dksi fr dh lD sl q v y l Ei fr eku fy; k x; k FkkAi Ruhdh, d Lok; r O;fDr ds: i esadksbZekU;rk gh ughaFkh!

O ; fDr R o i fj p;

MS fu; y l h- MsusV 

j esUæ

MS fu; y l h- MsusV , d v ej hdh nk' kZ fud v kS j bDdhl ohal nh dsi zkjEHk dsys[kd gS A 2006 esamudh a fdrkc czsfda x n Li sy %fjfyt u , st , uS pq j y fi Q ukW feuk dsi zd k' ku dsckn mudk uke fjpMZMkW fdUl ] l S e gS fjl vkS j fØLVksiQ j fgpsUl dsl kFk^^ukfLrdrkdspkj ?kq M+ l okj** ( four horsemen of atheism) ds: i esafy; kt kusyxkA gkyka fd czsfda x n Li sy dsi zd k' ku dsckn ukfLrd ; k fujh' ojoknh ds: i esamUgsaO;ki d i zfl f¼ feyh] ysfdu , d nk' Z fud ds : i esa os i gys l s eu ds n' kZ u ( philosophy of mind) ds {ks =k esav i us egÙoi w . kZ ; ksxnku dsfy, t kust krsjgsgS A a MsusVdkt Ue 28 ekpZ ] 1942] dksckW LVu] eS l kpq l sV~ l ( Massachusetts) ] ; w - , l - , -] esagq v kA MsusV dh eka l Ei knd v kS j f' kf{kdk Fkha A muds fi rk jkt uf; d v kS j bfrgkl dkj FksA MsusV us1963 esagkoMZ; q fuofl Z Vh l sn' ku Z' kkL=k esa ch- , - fd; kA bl ds ckn os v kxs v è; ; u ds fy, v kW Dl i Q kW MZpys x, A ogkamUgksa us i zfl ¼ fo' ys"k.kkRed nk' kZ fud v kS j dkUl s IV v kW i Qekba M ( Concept of Mind) dsys[kd] fxycVZjkby] dsekxZ n' kZ u esav è; ; u fd; kA fxycVZjkby us v i uh fdrkc esa v k/ q fud i zsa Q p xf.krK&nk' kZ fud jsusMsd kVZdseu&' kjhj l Eca / fl ¼ka r dh vkykspuk djrsgq , ml dh rq y uk ^^e' khu esai zsrkRek** l s dhgS AfxycVZjk; y dsekxZ n' kZ u esav è; ; u djrsgq , MsusV dh #fp psruk ds Lo: i esa gks x; hA mugksa us v i uh MkDVsjsV dh Fkhl hl bl h fo"k; i j fy[ kh] t ksckn esa lq i zhe dksVZdsbu rhu , sfrgkfl d fu.kZ ; ksausLora =krk 1969 esa dUVsa V , s.M dkW Ul l usl ( Content and v kjS l erk dsew Y; ksai j v k/ kfjr , d i zxfr' khy l ekt Consciousnes) ds uke l s Ni hA ; g mudh i gyh dh et cw r uha o j[ kh gS A : f<+ okfn; ksa}kjk bu fu.kZ ; ksads i zd kf' kr i q Lrd FkhA1965 esaMh- fi Q y- dh mi kf/ i zkIr fojks/ esadksbZne ughagS A djusdsckn] osoki l l a ;q Dr jkT; v esfjdk pysx, ] v kS j dS fyi Q kW fu; k ; q fuofl VhZesai <+ kusyxsA 1971 esaos 10

cq f¼oknh

VÝV~ l ;q fuofl Z Vhesapysx, ] t gkamUgsa; q fuofl Z Vhi zksisQ lj ds: i esafu; q Dr fd; k x; kA1985 esamUgsafo' ofo| ky; ds l sUVj v kW i QdkW fXufVo LVMht dk Mk; jsDVj cuk; k x; kA MsusV ; g ekuusyxsfd foKku  [ kkl dj U;w j ks foKku v kS j la KkukRed euksfoKku ds v è; ; u l s gh eu&' kjhj l Eca / dh nk' kZ a fud l eL; k dksl q y >k; k t k l drk gS A muds bl v i jEi jkxr nf̀"Vdks.k us] ft l ea s n' kZ u' kkL=k dsi jEi jkxr fof/ ; ksai j , d l a nsg Fkk] mUgs v i usnk' kZ fud l g; ksfx; ksadschp , d jS fMdy Hkw fedk esaMky fn; kA ysfdu t S l s&t S l s' kks/kfFkZ ; ksausefLr"d ds dke djusdsrjhdksadsckjsesav f/ d t kudkjh i zkIr dh] MsusV dsba Vj fMfl Iyujh j.kuhfr dksv ejhdk esa v f/ d l sv f/ d nk' kZ fudksaesaLohÑfr feyusyxhAMsusV uspsruk dsckjsesav i usfl ¼ka r i j dbZfdrkcsafy[ kha dUl l usl , Dl Iysa M ( Consciousness Explained, 1991) v kS j MkjfoUl MsUt jl v kbfM; k ( Darwin's Dangerous Idea) es amUgksa usbl dh i jh{kk dh gSfd ^^i zkÑfrd pq uko** ( natural selection) dhi zfØ; k }kjk dS l sefLr"d v kS j psruk dsfodkl dh O;k[ ; k dh t k l drh gS A MsusV us1996 esadkba Ml v kW i Qekba M ( Kinds of Mind) vkS j 2013 esabUV~ ;w ' ku i Eil , s.M v nj Vw Yl iW Q kj fFka fda x ( Intuition Pumps and other Tools for Thinking) Hkhi z d kf' kr dhA2008 esai zd kf' kr U;w j kslka ;l , s.Mfi Q ykl fi + Q( Neuroscience and Philosophy) MsusV v kS j v ejhdh nk' kZ fud t kW u l yZ ] vejhdhU;w j ks&oS Kkfud] eS Dl osy csusV] v kS j fczfV' k nk' kZ fud] i hVj gS d j] dschp efLr"d dsdk; ksZ adksHkk"kk esaO;Dr djusdh dfBukb; ksa dsckjsesagq , okrkZ v ksadh Jà [ kyk gS A MsusV dsv uq l kj] v c ; g l e; v k x; k gSfd , d oS f' od fi Q ukW feuk ds : i esa/ eZi j xgu eYVh fMfl fIyujh ' kks/ fd; k t k, ] v kS j bl i F̀oh dsl oZ Js"B efLrLd bl dke dksdjsa A MsusV dsv uq l kj] , slk bl fy, fd; k t kuk pkfg, D; ksa fd / eZu fl i + Z Qgekjs l kekft d] jkt uhfrd v kS j v kfFkZ d la ?k"kksZ adksi zHkkfor dj jgk gS ] cfYd ; g bl sHkh i zHkkfor dj jgk gSfd ge v i ust hou dksfdl i zd kj vFkZi znku

cq f¼oknh

djrsgS A bl i F̀oh i j cgq a r l kjsyksxksadsfy, / eZl s T; knk egÙoi w . kZv kS j dq N ughagS A/ eZbruk egÙoi w . kZgS fd ge ml dsckjsesavKku esaughajg l drsA ; g cgq r t+ : jh gSfd ge / eZdsckjsesav f/ d l s v f/ d t kudkjh i zkIr djsa A MsusV ds v uq l kj] mudh fdrkc dh eq [; ;q fDr ; gh gS A MsusV dsv uq l kj] v U; dbZi zkÑfrd fi Q ukW feuk dh rjg / eZdsoS Kkfud v kS j csjksd vUos"k.k i j yxk fu"ks/ gh og t knw( spell) gSft l srksM+ uk gS A MsusV dh jk; esa ] bl fu"ks/ ( taboo) dsi hNs; g Mj gSfd v xj / eZdksrst jks'kuh esaekbØkslLdksi l s ns[kk t k, xk] rks/ eZdk t hou esav kd"kZ . k gS ] ml dsml t knwdsgh l ekIr gkst kusdk [ krjk gS AMsusV dsv uq l kj] ; s nksuks t knw ] i gyk  / eZds oS Kkfud v è; ; u i j fu"ks/  v kS j nw l jk t knw Lo; a/ eZ nksuksa, d nw l js l st q M+ sgq , gS A a bl v kys[kdsfy[ kst kusoDr MsusVVÝV~ l ;q fuofl Z Vh] dsl sa Vj i Q kW j dkW fXufVo LVhfMt +dsl gfuns'kd gS A os a v i uh i Ruh dsl kFk eS l kpq l sV~ l esajgrsgS a A mudh , d csVh] , d csVkv kS j i ka p xzS . McPps( grand children) gS A a (L=kksr %Tufts University website, Britannica website, Breaking the Spell)

fd r kcsafey ha MkW -lq "kek dq ekjh] uoekuorkokn , oal Ei w . kZØa kfr %, d rq y ukRed v è; ; u ( i Vuk %fcgkj fgUnh xzUFk v dkneh] 2018) ] i `"B l a [ ; k %160] ew Y; 145 : -] ISBN - 978-93-85792-53-3 Website: www.bhga.co.in

MkW - eukst dq ekj] xa k/ h] usg: v kS j v EcsMdj dsl ekos'kh fopkj( i Vuk %uksosYVh , .M dEi uh] 2017) ] i `"B l a [;k %156] ew Y; 270 : ISBN 978-93-86864-14-7 email: noveltyandco@yahoo.com

c[ kkZ Lr dj fn; kx; kALdw y vkS j xouZ l dhukS d jh l si zkIr v uq Hko dsv k/ kj i j eS j hokW y LVuØkÝ+ V usf' k{kkdscq fu; knh eS j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V V~ l  d oy t hr egÙo d ksl e>r sgq,] 1787 esav i uh i gy h i qLr d FkkW v kW u n , Mq d s'ku v kW i QMkW V~ l Z( Thoughts on the Education nu v kxbZ av kS j mUgksa us eS j hokW y LVuØkÝ+ V18ohal nhdhv a xzst +ysf[ kdk] nk'kZ fud] of Daughters) fy[ khAbl dsckn osya Lrd dh i k.Mq fyfi ya nu ds, d jS fMdy i zd k' kd] f' k{kkfon~v kS j , d Øka frdkjh fopkjd jgha ] ft Ugksa usv k/ q fud v i uhi q Qt kW ul u] dksl kS i nhA a ukjhoknh v ka nksy u dsfy, ekxZi z'kLr fd; kA mudsfopkj] t ksl si+ ckn esa ] eS j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V usya nu esaml h i zd k' kd] ys[ku] t hou ' kS y h v kS j ukjhoknhv ka nksy u esal fØ; rk dki + Q h Qt kW ul u] dsl kFk l ykgkdkj v kS j vuq oknd ds: i esa i zsj.kknk; h jgh gS A a eS j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V v kS i pkfjd f' k{kk l s t kslsi+ : fd; kA1788 esat kslsiQ +t kW ul u }kjk v uS fyfVdy oa fpr jgha ] Lokè; k; vkS j fpa r u l smUgksa usvkst Lohys[ku ds dke ' kq ; w( Analytical Review) uke dhl eh{kkRed i f=kdk' kq : l kFk&l kFk v i uk l a f{kIr t hou Hkh vi usLora =k vkS j LoNa n fjO j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V ml esa1792 rd fu; fer fopkjksadsv uq l kj ft ; kA i jEi jkxr L=khR o dh / kj.kk v kS j fd, t kusi j eS fy[ krh jgha A mUgksa usi q Lrd l eh{kk, afy[ kha ] vkS j va xzst + h esa : f<+ oknhfopkjksadhosv kykspd jgha A i zd k' ku dsfy, i sa zQ p v kS j t eZ uh Hkk"kkvksadk v a xzst h +v uq okn i zkj fEHkd t hou , oay s[ku usLo; av è; ; u l sl h[ khaFkha A eS j hokW y LVuØkÝ+ Vdkt Ue 25 v i zhy] 1759] esaya nu ds fd; kA ; snksuksaHkk"kk, amUgksa Qt kW ul u us1788 esamudkv kRedFkkRed mi U;kl eS j h] , d l k/ kj.kÑ"kd i fjokj esagq v kAi fjokj esa, d v ksj xjhch] t ksl si+ Q D' ku ( Mary, A Fiction) vkS j cPpksadsfy, , d nw l jhv ksj] fi rk}kjkekadsi zfr fga l kRed joS ; k] vkS j bl l c v fi + W ke jh; y ykbi + Q ] dsl kFk ; g , gl kl fd mul sde ; ksX; HkkbZdksi fjokj esa f' k{kkRed fdrkc] v ksfjft uy LVksfjt +i zQ v f/ d i zJ ; feyrkgS Abl l smUgksa usegl w l fd; k fd l ekt ( Original Stories from Real Life) (fp=k&l Tt k fofy; e esai q #"kksadkegÙo efgykvksadhrq y ukesacgq r v f/ d gS Abl Cysd }kjk) i zd kf' kr fd; kA bl chp] eS j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V dh #fp i za Q kl hl hØka fr esa v l ekurk dksmUgku a ssdHkh Lohdkj ughafd; k] v kS j 1780 esa bZ AmUgksa usi za Q kl dh ØkfUr dksfut h Lora =krk v kS j fuja dq 'k v i uhekadheR̀;qdsckn ost hfodksikt Z u dsfy, v i us?kj gq =k dsfo#¼ dsl a ?k"kZds: i esal eFkZ u fd; kAfczVsu ds l s ckgj fudy i M+ ha A mUgksa us ys[ku dks v i us t hou esa jkt ra l n] , Me.McdZ ] dhi za Q kl hl hØka fr dhv kykspuki j i zkFkfedrk nsusdk eu cuk fy; k FkkAmU gksa usv i ust hou esa , d l ka eS j hokW y LVuØkÝ+ Vus1790 esa, foufMds'ku v kW i QjkbV~ l v kW iQ ges'kk ckS f¼d vkS j v kfFkZ d v kt + knh dh fgek; r dhA Lrd ds eS j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V usU;w foa xVu xzhu ( ya nu dk mÙkjh esu ( A Vindication of Rights of Men) uke dhi q fr dsl eFkZ u esa ] v kS j nkl of̀Ùk t S l sl kekft d {ks=k) ds, d xka o esav i uh cgu] bfyt k] v kS j vi uh fe=k] ekè; e l sØka uscjkcjh dsfl ¼ka r dksfut h iS Q uh] dsl kFk 1784 esa, d Ldw y [ kksy kAU ;w foa xVu xzhu dk i zFkkv ksadk fojks/ fd; kAmUgksa r jkZ "Vªh; jkt uhfr t S ls l /qkjoknhokrkoj.kmU gsai l a n v k; kAmU gsat hou esai gyhckj t hou dsl kFk&l kFk ekuo v f/ dkj] v a í ksai j ykxwfd; kAmUgksa usv i uh fdrkc dksekuo , slsyksxksal sl Eca / t ksM+ usdkekS d kfeyk] t gkaykxs ckS f¼d foLrr̀ eq frd v kS j jkt uhfrd l a nHkZesai zLrq r fd; kA ft Kkl kdhl jkgukvkS j v i jEi jkxr fopkjksadksl gu djrsFksA v f/ dkj dsuS 1792 esamudh i z[; kr i q Lrd , foufMds'ku v kW i Qn v uq dw y i fjfLFkfr; ksadsckot w n mudk Ldw y vl i Q y jgkA l v kW i Q ow esu ( A Vindication of the Rights of 1785 esav i uh fe=k dheR̀;qdsckn] v i uk Ldw y ca n dj] jkbV~ v kA; g i q Lrd ukjhoknhl kfgR; dh mUgksa us, d o"kZdsfy, v k; jyS . M esankbZeka( xouZ l ) dk Women) dki zd k' ku gq d Ñfr ekuh t k l drh gS A eS j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V ds dke fd; kAxouZ l dk dke mUgsajkl ughavk; k] vkS j mU gsa i Fki zn' kZ O ; fDr R o i fj p;

cq f¼oknh

us, d O;fDrxr ; k=kk or̀ka r  v uq l kj] =kq fVi q . kZi jEi jkoknh f' k{kk&i z.kkyh gh l ekt dh Revolution) Al kFk gh mUgksa fja x v ' kkW VZjsfl MsUl bu LohMu] ukW j os, .M eè; oxhZ ; efgykv ksa ds mRihM+ u dk eq [ ; dkj.k gS A ysVl ZfjVsu Mw mudsv uq l kj] efgykv ksadh rq y uk esai q #"k t Uet kr : i MsuekdZ( Letters Written During a Short Residence in esackS f¼d Js"Brkl sl EiUu ughagksrsgS Aost kjs nsd j dgrh Sweden, Norway and Denmark ) Hkh fy [ kkA ; g a gS afd nksuksal D sl esal cl segÙoi w . kZv a r j ; g gSfd mUgsa ; k=kk&or̀ka r 18 ohal nhds90 dsn' kd esacgq r yksd fi z; jgkA dS l sf' kf{kr fd; k x; k gS AeS j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V dh jk; esa ] 1795 esamudk, Eysl sl Eca / &foPNsn gksx; k] ft l dkmu i j i jEi jkxr f' k{kk&O;oLFkk l sefgykv ksadh rkfdZ d ; ksX; rk xgjkv k?kkr i gq a pkAmU gksa usnksckj v kR egR;kdjusdhdksf' k' k ckf/ r gksrhgS ] v kS j oscgq r v f/ d vi ust T+ ckrksai j vkfJr Hkh dhA gkst krh gS A a bl dsckn] eS j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V oki l ya nu v k xbZ ] v kS a j eS j h okW y LVuØkÝ+ V dsv uq l kj] bl l eL; k dh dq th iq a u%i zd k' kd t kslsi+ Qt kW ul u dsl kFkdke djusyxha Aya nu esa f' k{kk&l q / kj Fkh %yM+ fd; ksav kS j yM+ d ksadks, d&t S l hf' k{kk ost kslsi+ Qt kW ul u dst fj, , d i zHkko' kkyh jS fMdy xzq i ls gkfl y djusdk , d&l eku v ol jA mUgksa usefgykv ksadh t q M+ ha ] ft l esafofy; e xkW Mfou] FkkW el i su] FkkW el gkW y ØkÝ+ V] i zfr"Bk dh csgrjh dsfy, jkt uhfrd i fjorZ u dst fj, fofy; e Cysd ] fofy; e oMZ LoFkZ ] bR;kfn l fEefyr FksAbl xzq i jS fMdy l q / kj %t S l s] jk"Vªh; f' k{k.k&i z.kkyh dksi zHkkodkjh usi zcks/u  , d l kekft d Øka fr t kscq f¼ dksekuo i gpku cukusi j cy fn; kAmU gksa usefgykv ksadsfut h v f/ dkjksads dsl kj ds: i esaLohdkjrk gS& dksv i uk mís ' ; cuk; kA l eFkZ u esa ] v kS j fo' ks"k dj jkt uhfrd l Ùkk esaHkkxhnkjh dh i zcksf/ r cq f¼t hfo; ksauscq f¼ v kS j ekuoh; i w . krZk dsv uq l kj i kca nh dsfo#¼] v i usLi "V v kS j i zHkkohfopkj O;Dr fd, l kekft d l a LFkkv ksadksfi Q j l si fjHkkf"kr djusdhdksf' k' kdhA gS a Amudkeq [ ; è; ku l ekt v kS j dkuw u dsnkoksadsvkyksd esa bl h i zcksf/ r xzq i dsv a xzst+i =kdkj] jkt uhfrd nk' kZ fud efgykv ksadh fLFkfr v kS j i zfr"Bk ( status) i j jgkA v kS j mi U;kl dkj] fofy; e xkW Mfou] l seS j hokW y LVusØkÝ+ V dk eS j hokW y LVuØkÝ+ Vdsys[ku essvi usl e; l sdki + Q hvkxs 1796 l sxgjkfj' rkt q M+x; kAfofy; e xkW Mfou mi; ksfxrkokn dssØkfUrdkjhfopkj Fks]ft l l st cnZ Lr fookn HkhmR i Uu gksrs , oav jkt drkokn dsl eFkZ d FksAbUDokjhda l fuZ a x i kW fyfVdy jgsA mUgksa us, d i q Lrd ekfj; k] v kW j n jkW Uxl v kW i Qow eu t fLVl , .M bVl ~ bUÝyq ,a l v kW u ekW j y~ l , .M gS fi usl ( Maria, or the Wrongs of Woman) fy[ kh] ft l esamUgksa us ( Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its ; g nkokfd; kfd efgykv ksadhHkh; kS u bPNk, arhozgksrhgS ] Influence on Morals and Happiness) mudh i zfl ¼ jpuk a v kS j ; g <+ ksa x djukfd , slkughagS ] v i ekut ud v kS j v uS frd gS A gS A 29 ekpZ ] 1797 dksxHkZ orheS j hokW y LVuØkÝ+ Vusfofy; e fut ht hou v kS j foj kl r xkW Mfou dsl kFkfookg fd; kAv i uhnw l jhcsVh] eS j hxkW Mfou] 1792 esaeS j hokW y LVuØkÝ+ Vi za Q kl hl hØa kfr dsfujh{k.kds ( ckn esaeS j h' ksy h] yksd fi z; mi U;kl i S Q a ØLVhu dhysf[ kdk) fy, i sfjl xbZ Aogkav ejhdh dS a IVu fxycVZ, Eysdsl kFk ds t Ue ds 11 fnuksa ckn 10 fl rEcj] 1797] dks eS jh mudsut nhdhl Eca / cusA1794 esamU gksa us, d csVhdkst Ue okW y LVuØkÝ+ V dkfu/ u gksx; kAoseR̀;qdsl e; 38 o"kZdh fn; k] ft l dk uke] v i usfe=kdsuke i j] i S Q uhj[ kkAvi uh Fkha Amudk oS okfgd t hou v Yi dkyhu i ja r ql q [ kn jgkA csVhdhufl Z x djrsgq a , mUgksa usi sza Q p Øka fr i j , d v kykspuk eS j hokW y LVuØkÝ+ V dsi fr] fofy; e xkW Mfou] us1798 esa fy[ kh , u fgLVkW fjdy , .M ekW j y O;wv kW i Qn v ksfjt u eS ekW ; l Zv kW i Qn v kW Fkj v kW i+ Qn jkbVl v kW i+ Q, foufMds'ku , .M i zksxzsl v kW i Qn i za sQ p jsoY; w ' ku ( An Historical and v kW i+ Qn jkbV~ l v kW i+ Qow esu ( Memoirs of the Author of A Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Vindication of the Rights of Women) fy[ khA 

cq f¼oknh

Hkysgh i q Lrdky; ksadsnjokt + sca n dj yks@exj dksbZ, slk njokt + k] rkyk; ki sa p ugha@ft l l srq e esjsfnekx dhv kt + knh (Virginia Woolf, A Room of One's Own, England: Penguin i j ca fn' k yxk l drsgksA** Books, First published : 1929, Reprinted 2000, pages - 112, ot hZ fu; koq Yi + Qdh; g jpukL=kh&foe' kZdh, d v R;a r Price - 250 Rs. egÙoi w . kZjpuk gS Abl i q Lrd esaL=khoknhfpa r u dksdsUnzesa j[ krs gq , t sUMj fo"kerk i j l Vhd fVIi .kh dh xbZgS A v i uk , d d ej k fEczt ; w fuofl Z VhdsnksefgykdkW y st ksaesav DVw cj] ( y sf[ kd k %ot hZ fu; k oq Yi + Q ] v uq okn & ekst + st +ekbd sy ] v i uk njv l y] ds afn, x, mudsO;k[ ; kuksadksi q Lrd ds: i esai zLrq r , d d ej k] i Vuk%ok. khi zd k' ku] i zFke l a Ld j . k %2011] i `"B 1928] es fd; k x; k gS AmudsO;k[ ; kuksadk fo"k; &oLrq^^fL=k; kav kS j & 160] ew Y; & 150 #-) dFkk l kfgR;** FkkA fi Q j] ^^v i uk , d dejk** fo"k; i j 1929 esagksxkFkZi zsl] ba xyS . M l si zd kf' kr , : e v kW i Q ot hZ fu; koq Yi + Qusv i uhjk; D; ksaj[ kh\ mudsv uq l kj] ^^fL=k; ka oUl v ksu ( A Room of One's Own) dhysf[ kdk] ot hZ fu; k v kS j dFkkl kfgR;** ' kh"kZ d dsrhu v FkZgksl drsgS a%fL=k; ka ] oq Yi + Q ] 20 ohal nh dh i zfl ¼ ukjhoknh mi U;kl dkj gS A os v kS a j osdS l h gksrh gS _ ; k fL=k; kav kS a j og dFkk l kfgR;] t ks ys[ku dhnq fu; kdhmu ' kq #v krhv kokt + ksaesa, d gS ] ft Ugksa a us osfy[ krhgS _ ; kfL=k; kav kS a j og dFkkl kfgR;] t ksmudsckjs v kjSrksadsgd v kS j v kt + knh dh ckr dhA esafy[ kk t krk gS _ ; k ; srhuksadk feyk&t q y k: i A ot hZ fu; k oq Yi + Qdk t Ue 1882 esaya nu esagq v kAmuds ot hZ fu; k oq Yi + QusdFkk l kfgR; dh ysf[ kdk v kS j dFkk fi rk l j LVhi Q u bfrgkl dkj Fks] v kS j ekadk uke t w fy; k l kfgR; dhi k=k] nksuksagh: i ksaesaL=khdhfLFkfr dkfo' ys"k.k Aoq Yi + Qdk ; g Li "V ekuuk Fkk fd ; fn dksbZL=kh LVhi Q u FkkA1885 esaekadh eR̀ ; qdsckn ost hou Hkj uoZ l fd; k gS ] rksml dsi kl i ; kZ Ir i S l k v kS j czsd Mkmu l sxzLr jgha A1904 esafi rkdheR̀;q ] v kS j ml dsckn ys[ku dk; Zdjuk pkgrh gS ] iq #"kl ÙkkRed l ksp HkkbZdhv pkud eR̀;qdk] mu i j xgjkvl j i M+ kAvi uhi sUVj v i uk , d dejk gksukpkfg, AokLro esa usl fn; ksal sL=kh dksjpukRedrk l soa fpr j[ kkA cgu] osuhl kcS y ] dsl kFkys[kdksavkS j dykdkjksadsCy w e~ l cj h l ekt esaL=kh&i q #"kdhf' k{kkesat cjnLr HksnHkko jgkgS A xzq i l st q M+ ha Aml xq iz esamudheq y kdkr fyv ksukMZoq Yi + Ql sgq bZ dsfEczt ; w fuofl Z VhdhLFkki uk1209 esagq bZ ] v kS j efgykvksadks v kS j mUgksa usmul s1912 esafookg fd; kAnksuksausfey dj 1917 bl fo' ofo| ky; esa1869 esai gysefgykdkW y st dhLFkki uk esagksxkFkZi zsl dhLFkki ukdhAmudki gykmi U;kl n ok; st gksusdsckn i <+ usdkekS d kfeykAfL=k; ksadksfo' ofo| ky; esa Mj HksnHkko dk l keuk djuk i M+ kA ot hZ fu; k v kmV 1915 esai zd kf' kr gq v kA' kh?kzghosi zeq [ kmi U;kl dkj i x&i x i j t sa Yi + Qv i usO;k[ ; kuksaesa; g dgrh gS afd i q #"k dkscl v kS j fuca / dkj cu xbZ a Av i uhv kf[ kjhi q Lrd fy[ kusdsckn oq ] D; ksa fd og L=kh ughagS Al oZ =k oq Yi + QfMi zs'ku esapyhxbZ a A28 ekpZ ] 1941 esamUgksa us?kj dsi kl bl fy, ; ksX; ekuk t krk gS iq #"kksadk ghjkt gS Ai q #"k] t ksL=kh dhghurk dh ckr djrs l sxq t jrh, d unhesaMw c dj v kRegR;kdj yhAvkR egR ; kds gS ] njv l y] v i uhJs"BrkLFkkfi r dj jgsgksrsgS a AfL=k; ksads a rhu gÝrsckn mudk ' ko feykA fy, jkst xkj Hkh l hfer jgsgS Av i uh #fp dsv uq a l kj dke ot hZ fu; k oq Yi + Qus^n ok; st v kmV*] ^ukbV , .M Ms*] djusdhLora =krk HkhughagS Afookg esaHkh ml dhbPNk dk ^t sd Cl : e*] ^Vwn ykbVgkml *] ^v kW j yS Mks*] ^n osol ~ a *] l Eeku ughagksrk gS A ot hZ fu; k oq Yi + Qdsv uq l kj] L=kh dsys[ku dsjkLrsesa ^fcVohu n , sDV~ l *] ^fel st MS y ksos* t S l si zfl ¼ miU;kl fy[ ksA Aml dsi kl l k>k cS a Bd rksgS ] i j v yx l s mudh , : e v kW i QoUl v ksu dk fgUnhv uq okn v i uk v usd ck/ k, agS Al kFkgh] oq Yi + Q; g egl w l djrhgS a , d dejkok.khi d z k' ku }kjk2011 esai zd kf' kr gq v kAbl dk v i uk, d dejkughagS #"k oxZ/ uh gS ] v kS j L=kh fu/ Z u rFkk oa fprAbl fy, ] v uq okn ekst + st +ekbdsy usfd; k gS _ v kS j i zLrkouk rl yhek fd i q fu; koq Yi + Qusi S l sv kS j vi uk, d dejkgksusi j t ksj fn; k] ul jhu usfy[ kh gS Arl yhek ul jhu usv i uh i zLrkouk dh ot hZ ' k# qv kr ot hZ fu; k oq Yi + Qdsi z[; kr m¼gj.k l sdh gS %^^rq e ft l l sfL=k; ksaesaLo; adsfy, l kspusdh ' kfDr fodfl r gks l dsA

iq Lr d &i fj p; A Room of One's Own

cq f¼oknh

cq f¼oknh i Q kma Ms'ku } kj k çl kfj r l kfgR ;

1- v a / fo' okl d s fo#¼ 2- v a / fo' okl d sfo#¼ ( Hkkst i q j h) 3- D; k bZ ' oj ej pq d k gS \ 4- eS afgUnwD; ksaughav kS j eS S acq f¼oknh d S l scuk 5- / eZ fuj i s{k ekuor koknh ?kks"k. kk&Ik=k 6- cq f¼okn v kS j ekuor koknh nf̀"Vd ks.k 7- v kfLr d ukfLr d l a okn 8- cq f¼ekuh , oaukl e>h 9- cq f¼oknh i z'uksÙkj h 10-i sfj ; kj %t hou v kS j fopkj 11-v ehj v kS j xj hc 12-' kj kc] l sDl v kS j uhfr ' kkL=k 13141516. 17. 18. 19. 20.

MkW - jesUæ & & & çks- i kW y dt Z , - l ksy kseksu ol a r ukjxksy dj , oaMkW - jesUnz jkfoi q fM osd a Vªkfn MkW - jesUnz   

Some Reflections on Ethics Dr. Ramendra Is God Dead? (First edition) Dr. Ramendra Why I am Not a Hindu & Why I do not want Ramrajya (Second edition) The Myth of Unity of all Religions (First edition) The Ethical Philosophy of Bertrand Russell -M. N. Roy's New Humanism and Materialism -J.P.'s Total Revolution and Humanism Dr.Kawaljeet Rationalism, Humanism & Atheism in 20th Century Indian Thought

# # # # # # # # # # # #

15-00 10-00 15-00 20-00 5-00 4-00 15-00 10-00 10-00 20-00 15-00 60-00

Rs. 100.00 Rs. 10.00 Rs. 15.00 Rs. 10.00 Rs. 200.00 Rs. 100.00 Rs. 50.00 Rs. 250.00

l kfgR; ea xkusd sfu; e%

cq f¼oknhl ekt dsl nL; ksa ] cq f¼oknhdsxzkgdksadks10 çfr' kr dhNw VA iq Lrdky; v kS j iq Lrd foØsrkv ksadks20 çfr' kr dh Nw VA dì ; kv fxze jkf' keuhv kMZ j@ Mªki Q ~ V }kjk^^cq f¼oknhi Q kma Ms'ku** ( Buddhiwadi Foundation) dsuke Hkst sa A Mkd [ kpZçdk' kd }kjkA cq f¼oknh i Q kma Ms'ku 216&, ] JhÑ".ki q j h] i Vuk & 800001

cq f¼oknh i Q kma Ms'ku } kj k pothi.com i j i zd kf' kr fu' kq Yd bZ &cq d

1- eS afgU nwD; ksaugha 2- eS acq f¼oknh d S l scuk 3- v ehj v kS j xj hc 4- n' kZ u' kkL=k d k Hkfo"; 5- ekuo v f/ d kj v kS j eR̀ ;q &n. M 6- ekuo v f/ d kj v kS j , eusLVh ba Vj uS ' kuy 7- l kekft d i fj or Z u esan' kZ u d h Hkw fed k 8- / kfeZ d v oj ks/ v kS j gkf' k; sd sy ksx 9. Why I am Not a Hindu 10. Is God Dead? 11. The Myth of Unity of all Religions

12. The Ethical Philosophy of Bertrand Russell

cq f¼oknh

MkW - jesUnz & & & & & &

& & & & &

free & & & & & & & &

& &

& 15

cq f¼oknh i Q kma Ms'ku ·

cq f¼oknhi Q kma Ms'ku , d j ft LVMZ ] ' kS {kf. kd VªLV gSft l d keq [ ; mís'; cq f¼okn v kS j ekuor kokn d ki zp kj &i zl kj d j uk] v kS j va / fo' okl ksa, oav a / J ¼k d k foj ks/ d j uk gS A cq f¼oknhi Q kma Ms'ku } kj k cq f¼oknh v è; ; u , oa' kks/ d sU nzd k l a p ky u fd ; k t kr k gS A; g d sU nzcq f¼oknhekuor koknh l kfgR ; d kl U nHkZ &i q Lr d ky ; gSA; gkW ¡i j fofHkU u cq f¼oknh] ekuor koknh] ukfLr d &fuj h' oj oknhv kS j / eZ fuj i s{k l a xBuksa } kj k eq [ ; r %fgU nhv kS j va xzst hesai zd kf' kr l kfgR ; &i q Lr d &i q fLr d kv ksa ] i f=kd kv ksa d ksv è; ; u , oa' kks/ d sfy , j [ kk x; k gSA cq f¼oknh =kS ekfl d d ki zd k' ku cq f¼oknhi Q kma Ms'ku }kj kfd ; k t kr kgS Acq f¼oknhl ekt d sl nL; ksad ksi f=kd kfu% ' kq Yd nh t kr h gS A( fl i Q Zcq f¼oknh d sfy , l g; ksx j kf' k 20 # okf"kZ d ] 200 # v kt hou) cq f¼oknhi Q kma Ms'ku }kj kv a xszt hesaoccasional publication d s: IkesaBuddhiwadi Newsletter d kçzd k' ku Hkhfd ; k t k j gk gS A ^^cq f¼oknhi Q kma Ms'ku** ( Buddhiwadi Foundation) d suke psd ; kMªkÝV cukd j i Q kma Ms'ku d ksl g; ksx j kf' knht k l d r h gS A

· · · · ·

eS usft a x VªLVh%MkW a - d oy t hr j ft LVMZd k; kZ y ; % } kj k MkW - j esU nz] 216&, ] J hÑ". ki q j h] i Vuk & 800001



cq f¼oknh l ekt

cq f¼oknhl ekt cq f¼okn] ekuor kokn] fuj h' oj okn v kS j / eZ fuj i s{kr kd sçpkj &çl kj d sfy , çfr c¼ , d xS j ny h; l a xBu gS Al ekt d h; g ekU ; r k gSfd bZ ' oj ekuo&t kfr d k l cl scM+ kv a / fo' okl gS ] v kS j va / &v kLFkk i j v k/ kfj r l Hkhl a xfBr / eZ ] ekuo&Kku v kS j uS fr d r k d sfod kl d sekxZesacgq r cM+ hck/ k, ¡gS a Abl fy , ] ; g l ekt bZ ' oj v kS j l Hkhl a xfBr / eksZ a d k foj ks/ d j r sgq , , d cq f¼oknh&ekuor koknh oS p kfj d v kS j uS fr d ØkfU r d sfy , ç; R u' khy gS Abl nk' kZ fud ØkfU r ds nkseq [ ; rR o gS a %, d ] r d Z la xr v kS j oS Kkfud fpU r u fof/ d ksçksR l kgu_v kS j nks] Lor a =kr k] l er k, oacU /q r kd sekuoh; ew Y; ksa i j v k/ kfj r r d Z la xr ] / eZ fuj i s{k v kS j ekuoh; uS fr d r k d k fod kl v kS j çl kj A cq f¼oknh l ekt ekuorkokfn; ksadsv UrZ j k"Vªh; l a xBu ba Vj uS ' kuy g~ ;w eS fuLV , s.M , fFkd y ; w fu; u esal g; ksxh&l nL; gS A l nL; r k ' kq Yd %30 # okf"kZ d ] 300 # v kt hou dk; Z ky; & cq f¼oknhl ekt ] 216&, ] JhÑ". ki q j h] i Vuk& 800001 iQ ksu% 0612 2541021 91 9934779929

bZ -esy %ramendra@bsnl.in osc l kbV%<www.buddhiwadi.in>

l hfer fut hçzl kj d sfy , cq f¼oknh i Q kma Ms'ku dsfy, MkW - doyt hr }kjk çdkf' kr v kS j lR ; k fça V~ l ] dnedq v k¡] i Vuk esaeq fnzr 16

cq f¼oknh