Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica) in Dibba Sea, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea

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Presence of the Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica Bergh, 1883) in the Dibba Sea, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean

‫تواجد بُزاق البحر بيكاتشو عاري الخياشيم ( ّثكاسّرا باسيفيكا) في‬ ‫ ال ُمحيط الهندي‬، ‫ بحر العرب‬، ‫ خليج عُمان‬، ‫بحر دِبا‬ By : Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography)

0.6..60.62 66 ‫ عدسة الغواصة الكابتن عُال خلف‬66 ‫ مترا‬61 ‫بُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم من بحر دِبا على عُمك‬ Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica), 19 meters deep, from the Reef Blocks site in Dibba Sea, Gulf of Oman, Photo by PADI Dive Instructor Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 26.06.2017 https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1925639587689417&set=a.1408184479434933.1073 741829.100007301827082&type=3&theater & http://nudibranch.webs.com/nudibranch-uae-1 & http://nudibranch.webs.com/thecacera-pacifica

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‫‪On Monday 26.06.2017, PADI Dive Instructor Ola Mostafa Khalaf managed to shoot‬‬ ‫‪magnificent photos of the Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica Bergh, 1883),‬‬ ‫‪19 meters deep, from the Reef Blocks site in Dibba Sea, East Coast of the United Arab‬‬ ‫‪Emirates, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean.‬‬

‫عال ُمصطفى خلف من تصوٌر بُزاق‬ ‫سبحانه تعالى تمكنت ُمدربة الغواصٌن العالمٌة الكابتن ُ‬ ‫بتوفٌك من هللا ُ‬ ‫عمك ‪ 61‬مترا فً بحر دِبا‬ ‫سرا باسٌفٌكا) فً مولع ال ُكتل الشعابٌة على ُ‬ ‫البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم ( ّثكا ّ‬ ‫عمان ‪ ،‬بحر العرب ‪ ،‬ال ُمحٌط الهندي ‪666‬‬ ‫على الساحل الشرلً لدولة اإلمارات العربٌة ال ُمتحدة ‪ ،‬خلٌج ُ‬ ‫والحم ُد هلل رب العالمٌن ‪0.6..60.62 666‬‬

‫بُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم من بحر دِبا على عُمك ‪ 61‬مترا ‪ 66‬عدسة الغواصة الكابتن عُال خلف ‪ 66‬تم نشر هذه‬ ‫الصورة فً مجلة ناشٌونال جٌوغرافٌن العربٌة ‪ ،‬عدد أغسطس ‪ ، 0.62‬الصفحة ‪6 5.-58‬‬ ‫‪Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica), 19 meters deep, from the Dibba Sea. Photo by‬‬ ‫‪PADI Dive Instructor Ola Mostafa Khalaf. This photo was published in National Geographic‬‬ ‫‪AlArabiya, August 2017, page 85-86.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/NatGeoAlArabiya/photos/a.142775492442887.41470.13892984282‬‬ ‫‪7452/1397473193639771/?type=3&theater‬‬

‫ٌنتمً بُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم ذو اإلسم ال ِعلمً " ثّكاسّرا باسٌفٌكا " ‪ Thecacera pacifica‬إلى‬ ‫عائلة " بوالٌسّرٌدي " ‪ Polyceridae‬وهً من عائالت الحٌوانات الرخوٌة البطنمدمٌة البحرٌة ‪ 6‬وٌصل طوله إلى‬ ‫‪ 3‬سنتٌمترات ؛ وهو ٌمتاز بلون جسمه البُرتمالً الشبه شفاف مع وجود أشرطة لونٌة سوداء ؛ وتكون نهاٌات‬ ‫الحسٌة ذات لونٌن أسود وأزرق "كهربائً" ؛ وٌتواجد‬ ‫الحسٌة والخٌاشٌم سوداء اللون ‪ ،‬وحافة غمد المرون ِ‬ ‫المرون ِ‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018‬‬

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‫سمً بزاق‬ ُ ‫ ولد‬6 ‫ وكذلن نهاٌات ال ُحلٌمات الجانبٌة بجانب الخٌاشٌم‬، ‫اللون األزرق "الكهربائً" عند نهاٌة الذٌل‬ 6 ‫الرسوم ال ُمتحركة بوكٌمون‬ ُ ‫ وهً من شخصٌات‬، ‫البحر بٌكاتشو بهذا اإلسم لتشابه ِه بشخصٌة بٌكاتشو‬ ‫عمان‬ ُ ‫ وهو ٌعٌش فً خلٌج‬6 ‫وٌعٌش بُزاق البحر بٌكاشو فً المحٌطات الهندي واألطلسً وجنوب المحٌط الهادي‬ 6 ‫لُبالة السواحل الشرلٌة لدولة اإلمارات العربٌة المتحدة‬

0.6..60.62 66 ‫ عدسة الغواصة الكابتن عُال خلف‬66 ‫ مترا‬61 ‫بُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم من بحر دِبا على عُمك‬ Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica), 19 meters deep, from the Reef Blocks site in Dibba Sea, Gulf of Oman, Photo by PADI Dive Instructor Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 26.06.2017. http://nudibranch.webs.com/thecacera-pacifica

Order: NUDIBRANCHIA Suborder: DORIDINA Superfamily: ANADORIDOIDEA Family: Polyceridae Subfamily: Polycerinae (Rudman, 2002) Thecacera pacifica is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae. It is sometimes also nicknamed Pikachu Nudibranch due to its resemblance to the Pokémon character Pikachu (Wikipedia).

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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0.6..60.62 66 ‫ عدسة الغواصة الكابتن عُال خلف‬66 ‫ مترا‬61 ‫بُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم من بحر دِبا على عُمك‬ Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica), 19 meters deep, from the Reef Blocks site in Dibba Sea, Gulf of Oman, Photo by PADI Dive Instructor Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 26.06.2017. http://nudibranch.webs.com/thecacera-pacifica

This species is known from the African coast of the Indian Ocean (Mozambique) to Indonesia and Vanuatu. It has also been reported from the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean (Wikipedia) This polycerid nudibranch is translucent orange in colour with black tips to the rhinophores and gills. The rhinophore sheaths are edged with black with a patch of blue at the widest part. This blue colour is also present at the tip of the tail and at the tip of the lateral papillae beside the gills, separated from the orange of the body by a black band. Some specimens have black linear marks on the body with blue centres (Wikipedia).

Thecacera pacifica is characterized by its orange body, its extrabranchial processes, extrarhinophoral processes and the 'tail' are white tipped diffusing into blue then into a black band. The rhinophores are orange with a black apex, the gills have a black line along the outside (Köhler, 2017).

Pretty similar is Thecacera sp. 01 which has black spots on the body and black tipped extrabranchial processes (Köhler, 2017).

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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0.6..60.62 66 ‫ عدسة الغواصة الكابتن عُال خلف‬66 ‫ مترا‬61 ‫بُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم من بحر دِبا على عُمك‬ Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica), 19 meters deep, from the Reef Blocks site in Dibba Sea, Gulf of Oman, Photo by PADI Dive Instructor Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 26.06.2017. http://nudibranch.webs.com/thecacera-pacifica

Maximum Size: 20-30 mm.

Identification: This is a translucent-orange animal decorated with black bands shading into electric-blue and white (Pittman & Fiene).

Natural History (Hawaii): On Maui in Hawaii, Thecacera pacifica is known from only a few animals found along the leeward coast at 8-18 m (25-60 ft). Some were crawling on sand, others on debris or Halimeda kanaloana. It has also been found in a moderately protected rocky habitat on the Kona coast of the Big Island at 3-6 m (10-20 ft) (Pittman & Fiene).

Distribution: The Pikachu Nudibranch is known from the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. It lives in the Gulf of Oman, off the Eastern Coast of the United Arab Emirates.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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0.6..60.62 66 ‫ عدسة الغواصة الكابتن عُال خلف‬66 ‫ مترا‬61 ‫بُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم من بحر دِبا على عُمك‬ Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica), 19 meters deep, from the Reef Blocks site in Dibba Sea, Gulf of Oman, Photo by PADI Dive Instructor Ola Mostafa Khalaf. 26.06.2017. http://nudibranch.webs.com/thecacera-pacifica

References and Internet Websites Al Mehairi, Captain Abdulla (Instagram: Nudibranchhunter). (12 March 2017). : Ola Khalaf’s Nudibranch (Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017). https://www.instagram.com/p/BRhoE0agu5V/ Arora, Michael (16.12.2005). Chromodoris annulata ? from Bahrain. Sea Slug Forum. http://www.seaslugforum.net/message/15481 Baba, K. (1949). Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay collected by His Majesty The Emperor of Japan. 194 pp., 50 pls. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo.

Barry, Melinda (06.06.2002). Chromodoris annulata from United Arab Emirates. Sea Slug Forum. http://www.seaslugforum.net/message/7162 Behrens, D.W. (2000, December 21) Hypselodoris dollfusi (Pruvot-Fol, 1933). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. http://www.seaslugforum.net/showall/hypsdoll Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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Behrens, D.W. (2000, Dec 23) Rediscovery of Hypselodoris dollfusi. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.

Bergh R. (1883). Beiträge zu einer Monographie der Polyceraden. Verhandlungen der Koniglich-kaiserlich Zoologische-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien (Abhundlungen) 33: 135-180, plates 6-10.

Bertsch, H. & A. Kerstitch (1984). Distribution and radular morphology of various nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. The Veliger, 26: 264-273.

Bouchet, P. (2010). Thecacera pacifica (Bergh, 1884). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420618 Bouchet, P. (2012). Goniobranchus obsoletus. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2012-05-07.

Bouchet, P. (2012). Hypselodoris pulchella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=597870 on 201206-09 Bouchet, P. (2015). Dermatobranchus semistriatus. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-09-30.

Bouchet, P. (2015). Onchidorididae Gray, 1827. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=175 Bouchet, P. (2017). Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017. In: MolluscaBase (2017).

Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1023241 Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005).

Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1-397.

ISBN 3925919724. ISSN 0076-2997.

Calado, R., Vitorino, A., Dionisio, G. and Dinis, M.T. (2006). A recirculated maturation system for marine ornamental decapods. Aquaculture. 263: 68-74.

Debelius, H. & Kuiter, R.H. (2007). Nudibranchs of the world. ConchBooks, Frankfurt, 360 pp. ISBN 978-3-939767-06-0.

Endemia. Dermatobranchus semistriatus (Baba, 1949). http://endemia.nc/faune/fiche6890.html Gastropods.com. Dermatobranchus semistriatus. http://www.gastropods.com/7/Shell_54307.shtml Gastropods. Hypselodoris pulchella. http://www.gastropods.com/5/Shell_50595.shtml Gbif. Hypselodoris pulchella (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828). www.gbif.org/species/6788165 Gohar, H. A. F., & I. A. Aboul-Ela (1957). The development of three chromodorids (with the description of a new species). Publications of the Marine Biological Station, AlGhardaqa, Egypt, 9: 203-228, pls. 1-5.

Gosliner, T.M. & Behrens, D.W. (2000) Two new species of Chromodorididae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) from the tropical Indo-Pacific, with a redescription of Hypselodoris Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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dollfusi (Pruvot-Fol, 1933). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences,(4) 52(10): 111-124, 7 figs.

Gosliner, T.M., Behrens, D.W. & Valdes, A. (2008) Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and seaslugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna. Sea Challengers Natural History Books, Washington, 426 pp.

Goslinger, Terrence M. & Shireen J. Fahey (2011). Previously undocumented diversity and abundance of cryptic species: a phylogenetic analysis of Indo-Pacific Arminidae Rafinesque, 1814 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with descriptions of 20 new species of Dermatobranchus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 245–356. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00649.x/full Gosliner, Terrence M., Angel Valdes & David W. Behrens (2015) Nudibranch and Sea Slug Identification: Indo-Pacific. New World Publications Inc., U.S., United States. 2248 photos, 408 pages. ISBN: 9781878348593.

Hallas J. M. & Gosliner T. M. (2015). Family matters: The first molecular phylogeny of the Onchidorididae Gray, 1827 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 88: 16-27. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.015.

Herrnkind, William, Gregg Stanton & Edwin Conklin (1976). Initial characterization of the commensal complex associated with the anemone, Lebrunia danae, at Grand Bahama.

Bulletin of Marine Science. 26 (1): 65–71.

Houben, Anouk (September 28, 2007). Chromodoris hintuanensis from Sri Lanka. Sea Slug Forum. http://www.seaslugforum.net/message/20838 Indonesia Nudibranchs & Sea Slugs. http://www.nudibranch.org/Indonesia%20Sea%20Slugs/html/nudibranchs.html Inskip and Gillett. 2005. Checklist of CITES Species and Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations. Available at: http://www.cites.org/common/resources/2005_CITES_Checklist.pdf.

Jeffords, Jeffrey. (2005). Jeff’s Nudibranch Site and Coral Reef Gallery. Available at: http://www.divegallery.com/shrimp_ambonian.htm.

Johnson, Rebecca Fay & Terrence M. Gosliner (2012). Traditional Taxonomic Groupings Mask Evolutionary History: A Molecular Phylogeny and New Classification of the Chromodorid Nudibranchs. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0033479 Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1980). Tabie’t Al-Talawon fi Al-Haywanat (The Colouration of Animals). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 1. January 1980, Safar 1401.

Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 4-5. (In Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman (Translator) (1982). Al-Miah Al-Mulawatha Tohaded Al-Asmak Bi’ilinqiraad (Water Pollution threatens the Fish Fauna with Extinction). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 18, Third Year, First Semester, Saturday 6.11.1982. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 7. (Translation from German into Arabic).

Khalaf, N.A.B. (1986). The Schooling of Sumatra Barbs (Barbus tetrazona tetrazona) and Minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus). Dissertation, Master of Science in Ecology, Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of Durham, England. September 1986. pps. 59 + iv.

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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Palestine. Gazelle. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 30, Tenth Year, October 1992. pp. 1-7. (In Arabic).

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan (June) 1994. pp. 16-21. (In Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Extinct and Endangered Animals in Palestine.

In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Extinct and Endangered Animals in Palestine.

In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin.

Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-014121-9. Erste Auflage / First Edition, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten / Pages. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004: 460 Seiten / Pages. Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005 / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 300-014835-3. Erste Auflage / First Edition, August 2005: 376 Seiten / Pages. Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/aquaticaarabica.htm Khalaf, N.A.B. (2005). The Schooling of Sumatra Barbs (Barbus tetrazona tetrazona) and Minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus). [M.Sc. Dissertation in Ecology, Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of Durham, England. September 1986. pps. 59 + iv]. In: Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 2005. Erste Auflage, August 2005. Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. pp. 28-93.

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (Member of PALESTA) (2005). Palestinian Scientists and Technologists Abroad (PALESTA). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal 1426. pp. 11-12.

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman Ali (2005, 2006, 2007). Chapter 3: Geography, Flora and Fauna. Pages 32-39. In: Palestine: A Guide. By Mariam Shahin, Photography by George Azar. CoAuthor: Norman Ali Khalaf. Northampton, Massachusetts: Interlink Publishing Group, 2005, 2006, 2007. xi + 471 pages. Appendices to page 500. http://ipsnewsite.mysite4now.com/journals.aspx?id=7323&jid=1&href=fulltext Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (Gründer) (seit Juni 2007).

Yahoo! Deutschland Group: Fauna Palaestina. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Palaestina/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Felidae Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2007 / Felidae Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2007.

ISBN 978-3-00-019568-6. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli (July) 2007, 300 pp. Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (in Arabic, German and English). Doctoral Dissertation. Ashwood University, USA. Doctor of Science Degree in Zoology (Summa Cumm Laude) on 26.09.2007. http://dr-normanali-khalaf-books.webs.com/felidaearabica.htm & Doctorate Dissertation : https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59397999/doctorate-dissertationfelidae-arabica-by-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-doctor-of-science-ashwood-universityusa-2007 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (Gründer) (seit September 2007). Yahoo! Deutschland Group: Fauna Arabica. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Arabica/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Haywanat Filistin ‫( حٌوانات فلسطٌن‬Fauna of Palestine). Wikipedia, Al-Mawsu'a Al-Hurra (The Free Encyclopedia). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 69, Twenty-fifth Year, September 2007 CE, Sha’ban 1428 AH. pp. 1-4. (in Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7 %D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288.

Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Zoologist, Ecologist and Geologist : The Scientific References (1980-2009). http://dr-norman-ali-khalafreferences.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2010). Fauna Emiratus - Part One. Zoological Studies in the United Arab Emirates between 2004 - 2009. / Fauna Emiratus – Teil Eins. Zoologische Studien in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zwischen 2004 - 2009. ISBN 978-9948-15-462-4. Erste Auflage/First Edition, November 2010: 350 Seiten / Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunaemiratuspart1.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012). Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei.

Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2.

1. Auflage / First Edition : July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. 208 Seiten / Pages (Arabic Part 120 Pages and the English Part 88 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Fauna Palaestina – Part Three.

Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Drei.

Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. 364 pages (English Part 350 Pages and the Arabic Part 14 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, State of Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart3.htm Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2013). Garra rufa wadiqana Khalaf, 2013: A New Freshwater Doctor Fish Subspecies from Wadi Qana Nature Reserve, Salfit Governorate, State of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 103, July 2013, Ramadan 1434 AH. pp. 125. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://palestinefishes.webs.com/palestine-doctor-fish Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2013). † Macropomoides palaestina Khalaf, 2013 : A New Coelacanth Fish Fossil Species from the Anthracothere Hill in Al-Naqab, Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin.

ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 107, November 2013, Muharram 1435 AH. pp. 30-38. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://quastenflosser.webs.com/macropomoidespalaestina.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014). Fauna Palaestina – Part Four.

Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Vier.

Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. 456 Pages (English Part 378 Pages and the Arabic Part 78 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-part1.webs.com/faunapalaestina4.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014). † Macropomoides palaestina Khalaf, 2013 : A New Coelacanth Fish Fossil Species from the Anthracothere Hill in Al-Naqab, Palestine. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 126 - 138. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine.

Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015). Plants and Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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Animals unique to Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 125, May 2015. pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine-2.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2015). Fauna Palaestina – Part Five.

Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Fünf.

Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2016. ISBN 978-9950-383-92-0. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. 448 pp. (English Part 304 Pages and the Arabic Part 144 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-books.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2016).

Haywanat Falastin (Fauna of Palestine) ‫ حٌوانات فلسطٌن‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 144, December 2016, pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (In Arabic). http://animals-of-palestine-2.webs.com/fauna-ofpalestine-arabic Khalaf, Norman Ali (29.03.2017). Nudibranch Dermatobranchus semistriatus. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10155064934059831&type=1&l=0c20d27 dc7 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2017). Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017 : A New Dorid Nudibranch Sea Slug Species from the Sea of Khorfakkan, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea, Indian Ocean. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin.

ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 149, May 2017, pp. 31-47. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marine-life-uae.webs.com/diaphorodoris-olakhalafi & https://issuu.com/dr-normanalibassamkhalaf/docs/nudibranch_ola_khalaf & https://newsstand.joomag.com/en/gazelle-the-palestinian-biological-bulletin-issn0178-6288-number-149-may-2017-pp-31-47/0798719001494476364 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (May 2017). Ola Khalaf’s Nudibranch (Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017). EOL: Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/collections/131000 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (May 2017). Taxon Profile: Species Khorfakkan White Dorid Nudibranch Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017. BioLib.cz.

Biological Library Classification. http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1222805/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (August 2017). Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug. ‫بزاق البحر بٌكاشو عاري‬ ‫الخٌاشٌم‬. Wikipedia (In Arabic). https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%8 4%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88_ %D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7% D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2017). Presence of the Yellowish-Orange Spotted Chromodorid Nudibranch (Risbecia pulchella [Hypselodoris pulchella] Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) in the Sea of Fujairah, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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Indian Ocean. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 154, October 2017, pp. 1-19. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marinelife-uae.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2017). The Semi-Striated Arminid Nudibranch (Dermatobranchus semistriatus Baba, 1949) : First Record from the Sea of Fujairah, Gulf of Oman. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 155, November 2017, pp. 1-15. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marine-life-uae.webs.com/dermatobranchus-semistriatus Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2017). Presence of the Sexy Anemone Shrimp (Thor amboinensis de Man, 1888) in the Sea of Kalba, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea, Indian Ocean. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288.

Number 156, December 2017, pp. 1-17. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marine-life-uae.webs.com/sexy-shrimp Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2018). Presence of the Banded Coral Shrimp (Stenopus hispidus Olivier, 1811) around the Snoopy Island, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 157, January 2018, pp. 1-13. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://marine-life-uae-2.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (2018). Presence of the White Dilapidated Dorid Nudibranch (Goniobranchus obsoletus Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831) in Fujairah Sea, Gulf of Oman, Arab Sea, Indian Ocean. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 158, February 2018, pp. 1-13. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://nudibranch.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography) (2018). Ola Khalaf’s Nudibranch Sea Slug (Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017). ‫بُزاق بحر عُال خلف عاري‬ )2017 ، ‫ الخياشيم ( ديافورودوريس عُال خلفي خلف‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 159, March 2018, pp. 1-22. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic & English). http://nudibranch.webs.com/diaphorodorisolakhalafi Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography) (2018).

Nudibranch and Sea Slug Species of the United Arab Emirates – Part 1. ‫أنواع بُزاق البحر‬ 1 ‫ وعارٌات الخٌاشٌم من دولة اإلمارات العربٌة ال ُمتحدة – ال ُجزء‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 160, April 2018, pp. 1-38. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic & English). http://nudibranch.webs.com/nudibranchuae-1 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography) (2018). Kuroda’s Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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Sea Hare Sea Slug (Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937) : First Record from the Sea of Bidyah, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. ، ‫التسجٌل األول لبُزاق أرنب لواع البحر كورودا من بحر البِدٌة‬ ‫ خلٌج عُمان‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 161, May 2018, pp. 1-11. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic & English). http://marine-life-uae-2.webs.com/aplysia-kurodai Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography) (2018). Presence of the Tasseled Blenny (Parablennius thysanius D. S. Jordan & Seale, 1907) in the Fujairah Sea, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. ‫تواجد سمكة الدلٌنس (بلٌنً) ذات الشراشٌب فً بحر‬ ‫ ال ُمحٌط ال ِهندي‬، ‫ بحر العرب‬، ‫ خلٌج عُمان‬، ‫ الفجٌرة‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 162, June 2018, pp. 1-13. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

(In Arabic & English). http://uae-fish.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa & Ola Mostafa Esmail Mostafa Khalaf (Photography) (2018). Presence of the Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica Bergh, 1883) in the Dibba Sea, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. ‫ خلٌج‬، ‫تواجد بُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم فً بحر دِبا‬ ‫ ال ُمحٌط ال ِهندي‬، ‫ بحر العرب‬، ‫ عُمان‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 163, July 2018, pp. 1-21. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic & English). http://nudibranch.webs.com/thecacera-pacifica Khalaf, Ola (31.12.2016). Nudibranch Risbecia pulchella Photo. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1834215446831832&set=pb.100007301827 082.-2207520000.1488819431.&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (28.03.2017). Nudibranch Dermatobranchus semistriatus. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1878358892417487&set=a.13787642290436 25.1073741825.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (02.04.2017). Sexy Shrimp (Thor amboinensis). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1880941872159189&set=a.14081844794349 33.1073741829.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (09.05.2017). Kuroda’s Sea Hare (Aplysia kurodai). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1899929073593802&set=a.14081844794349 33.1073741829.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (16.05.2017). Banded Coral Shrimp (Stenopus Hispidus). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1903627009890675&set=a.14081844794349 33.1073741829.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (21 May 2017). Nudibranch Goniobranchus obsoletus. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1906079649645411&set=a.14149871320880 01.1073741830.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola (26.06.2017). Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1925639587689417&set=a.14081844794349 33.1073741829.100007301827082&type=3&theater Khalaf, Ola Mostafa (July 2017). Marine Life UAE 1. Little Black Book. ZNO Photo Books, San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. 24 pp. http://www.zno.com/prodassets/app/littlebook/index.html?initGuid=e368MRlQeps%3D&timestamp=150073540 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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9300&isPreview=true & http://share.asovx.com/prodassets/app/littlebook/index.html?initGuid=e368MRlQeps%3D&timestamp=150073540 9300&isPreview=true Khalaf, Ola (Photos) & Prof. Norman Khalaf (Scientific Description) & Mohammad Taher (Report) (August 2017). A Photographic Diary: Emirates Seas: Marine Pearls. ‫ آللئ بحرٌة‬: ‫ بحار اإلمارات‬: ‫ ٌومٌات ُمصورة‬. National Geographic AlArabiya Magazine. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Volume 21, No. 83, August 2017, 80-89 pp. http://www.ngalarabiya.com/issues/aug-2017/%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/

‫ وحلزونة البحر‬، ‫ والبُزاق ذو الزوائد الشعرٌة‬، ‫ والبُزاق ذو البُمع البُرتمالٌة‬، ‫صور لبُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم‬ ُ 6 85-84 ‫ الصفحات‬، 2017 ‫ عدد أغسطس‬، ‫ تم النشر بمجلة ناشٌونال جٌوغرافٌن العربٌة‬6 ‫عال خلف‬ ُ ‫ عدسة‬6 ‫الفُماعٌة‬ Photos of the 3 Nudibranchs: Thecacera pacifica, Gymnodoris impudica, Flabellina rubrolineata; and the Bubble Sea Snail Hydatina physis. Photos by Ola Khalaf, Scientific Description by Prof. Dr. Norman Khalaf. National Geographic AlArabiya Magazine. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Volume 21, No. 83, August 2017, 84-85 pp. https://www.facebook.com/NatGeoAlArabiya/photos/pcb.1380585798661844/1380579018662 522/?type=3&theater & http://nudibranch.webs.com/nudibranch-uae-1 & http://nudibranch.webs.com/thecacera-pacifica

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Khalaf, Ola & Gary Copp (10.08.2017). Photo Identification of Kuroda’s Sea Hare (Aplysia kurodai). Facebook. Nudibranch Central. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1947337368852972&set=gm.191437941882 0793&type=3&theater Köhler, E. (2017), published 3 August 2017, Thecacera pacifica (Bergh, 1883) . https://www.philippine-seaslugs.com/Nudibranchia/Euctenidiacea/Thecacera_pacifica.htm Koh, D. B. (2005, Jun 7) Shell visible in Aplysia kurodai. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum.

Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/13918 Koh, D. B. (2006, Feb 27) Aplysia extraordinaria ? from Korea. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/15900 Lavi, Yoav (05.10.2009). Chromodoris annulata from Mediterranean coast of Israel. Sea Slug Forum. http://www.seaslugforum.net/message/22678 Martynov A., Korshunova T., Sanamyan N. & Sanamyan K. (16 July 2009). Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters. Zootaxa 2159: 1-43.

Medslugs. Dermatobranchus semistriatus Baba, 1949. Location: Eilat. Country: Israel. http://www.medslugs.de/E/IndNW/Dermatobranchus_semistriatus/Dermatobranchus_semistriatus_01.htm Medslugs. Dermatobranchus semistriatus Baba, 1949. Location: Eilat. Country: Israel. http://www.medslugs.de/E/IndNW/Dermatobranchus_semistriatus/Dermatobranchus_semistriatus_02.htm Medslugs. Hypselodoris pulchella (Rüppell & Leuckart,1830) [Doris]. http://www.medslugs.de Meredith, Brian. (25.01.2014 + 02.03.2014). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152224265669085&set=pb.596509084.2207520000.1493270116.&type=3&theater & https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152299317734085&set=pb.596509084.2207520000.1493269902.&type=3&theater Messruther, William (22.09.2008). Re: Chromodoris annulata from Gulf of Oman. Sea Slug Forum. http://www.seaslugforum.net/message/21896 Millen S.V. & Martynov A. (2005) Redescriptions of the nudibranch genera Akiodoris Bergh, 1879 and Armodoris Minichev, 1972 (suborder Doridacea) with a new species of Akiodoris and a new family Akiodorididae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4) 56(1-17): 1-22., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/scipubs/pdfs/v56/proccas_v56_n01. pdf Neal, Lawrence (04.05.2010). Re: Chromodoris annulata colour from the Persian Gulf. Sea Slug Forum. http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/23605 Nudi Pixel. Dermatobranchus semistriatus Baba, 1949.

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http://www.nudipixel.net/species/dermatobranchus_semistriatus/ Nudi Pixel. Genus: Diaphorodoris. http://www.nudipixel.net/genus/diaphorodoris/ Ogden, Colin (05.07,2007). Dermatobranchus feeding on soft coral. http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/19594 OPK - Opistobranquis . Diaphorodoris luteocincta M. Sars, 1870. http://opistobranquis.info/en/guia/nudibranchia/euctenidiacea/doridacea/diaphoro doris-luteocincta/#gsc.tab=0 OPK - Opistobranquis. Goniobranchus obsoletus Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831 . http://opistobranquis.info/en/guia/nudibranchia/euctenidiacea/doridacea/goniobra nchus-obsoletus/#gsc.tab=0 Pinterest. Nudibranch Chromodorid. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/50665564529434654/ Pittman, Cory & Fiene, Pauline. Thecacera pacifica Bergh, 1883. Sea Slugs of Hawai’i. http://seaslugsofhawaii.com/species/Thecacera-pacifica-a.html Pruvot-Fol, A., (1933) Mission Robert Ph. Dollfus en Egypte.

Opisthobranchiata. Memoires de l'Institut d'Egypte, 21: 89-159, pls. 1-4.

Quitzau, Harro (May 1, 2003). Chromodoris hintuanensis ? from Thailand. Sea Slug Forum. http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/9692 Reef Resident. Nudibranch. http://www.reefresident.com/nudibranchs.html Rudman, W.B. (1973). Chromodorid opisthobranch Mollusca from the Indo-West Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 52(3): 175-199.

Rudman, W.B. (1984). The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the IndoWest Pacific: a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 81: 115273.

Rudman, W.B. (1987). The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the IndoWest Pacific: Chromodoris epicuria, C. aureopurpurea, C. annulata, C. coi and Risbecia tryoni colour groups. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 90: 305-407.

Rudman, W.B., (11.04.1999). Chromodoris annulata Eliot, 1904. In: Sea Slug Forum.

Australian Museum, Sydney. http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/chroannu Rudman, W.B. )2001, January 7). Phidiana militaris (Alder & Hancock, 1864). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/phidmili Rudman, W.B., (2001, July 5). Diaphorodoris mitsuii (Baba, 1938). [In] Sea Slug Forum.

Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/diapmits Rudman, W.B. (2002, April 23) Thecacera pacifica Bergh, 1883. [In] Sea Slug Forum.

Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/thecpaci Rudman, W.B. (2002, June 12). Aplysia kurodai (Baba, 1937). [In] Sea Slug Forum.

Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/aplykuro Rudman, W.B. (2003, April 8). Risbecia pulchella (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.

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Rudman, W.B., (2004, August 3) Chromodoris obsoleta (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830 or 31). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.

Rudman, W.B. (2009, January 13). Comment on Thecacera pacifica from Mozambique by Valda Fraser. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. www.seaslugforum.net/find/22140 Rudman, W.B. & Darvell, B.W. (1990) Opisthobranch molluscs of Hong Kong. Part 1.

Goniodorididae, Onchidorididae, Triophidae, Gymnodorididae, Chromodorididae, (Nudibranchia). Asian Marine Biology, 7: 31-79.

Rüppell E. & Leuckart F.S. (1828-1830). Mollusca [in] Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. 1. Abth. Zoologie. 5. Neue wirbellose Thiere des Rothen Meers. Frankfurt, H.L. Brönner pp. 1-22, pl. 1-12 [1828], pp. 23-47 [probably 1830], page(s): 32, plate IX, Figure 5. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114235#page/349/mode/1up.

Rüppell, Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon, & F. S. Leuckart (1831). [for 1828]. Mollusca. In: Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell Erste Abtheilung Zoologie Neue wirbellose Thiere des Rothen Meers, pp. 15-47, pls. 1-12. [Nudibranchia pp. 15-18, 27-37, pls. 4-5, 8-11].

Rüppell, E. & Leuckart, F.S. (1831) Neue wirbellose Thiere des Rothen Meeres. Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Brunner, Frankfurt am Main. 2350, pls 7-12 pages.

Sea Slug Forum. Chromodoris annulata Eliot, 1904. http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/chroannu Sea Slug Forum. Dermatobranchus cf. semistriatus. http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/dermcfsemi Sea Slug Forum. Diaphorodoris mitsuii (Baba, 1938). http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/diapmits Sea Slug Forum. Risbecia pulchella (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828). http://www.seaslugforum.net/risbpulc.htm Siregar, P., 2003 (Dec 20) Pikachu was inspired by this?. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/10903 Slug Site. Hypselodoris dollfusi. http://slugsite.us/bow/nudwk245.htm Smith, Gordon T. (Searcaigh) (03.02.2012). Nudibranch from UAE. Moderator: Dave Behrens. http://www.uwphotographyguide.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=963 Sterrer, W. (1986). Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda: A Systemic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms. USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Tapeh, Mahdi Moradi Och (03.05.2010). Chromodoris annulata colour from the Persian Gulf. Sea Slug Forum. http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/23600 The Free Dictionary. Gonio-. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gonioThompson, T. E., & Brown, G.H. (1984). Biology of opisthobranch Molluscs. Vol. 2. Ray Society; London. 1-229, p.49.

Vine, P. (1986). Red Sea Invertebrates. Immel Publishing, London. 224 pp.

Wiki2. Wikipedia Republished. Nudibranchia. Diaphorodoris olakhalafi fotografiada en Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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golfo de Omán, Emiratos Árabes Unidos. https://wiki2.org/es/Nudibranchia Wikipedia. Dermatobranchus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatobranchus Wikipedia. Dermatobranchus semistriatus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatobranchus_semistriatus Wikipedia. Diaphorodoris. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris Wikipedia. Diaphorodoris. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris Wikipedia. Diaphorodoris. https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris Wikipedia. Diaphorodoris. https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris Wikipedia. Diaphorodoris alba. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris_alba Wikipedia. Diaphorodoris lirulatocauda. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris_lirulatocauda Wikipedia. Diaphorodoris mitsuii. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris_mitsuii Wikipedia. Diaphorodoris olakhalafi. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi Wikipidia. Diaphorodoris olakhalafi. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi Wikipedia. Diaphorodoris olakhalafi. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi Wikipedia. Flabellina rubrolineata. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flabellina_rubrolineata Wikipedia. Goniobranchus annulatus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goniobranchus_annulatus Wikipedia. Goniobranchus obsoletus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goniobranchus_obsoletus Wikipedia. Hypselodoris pulchella. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypselodoris_pulchella Wikipedia.

Nudibranch. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudibranch Wikipedia. Nudibranch. Arabic. https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85 Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_1. By Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_1.jpg Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_2. By Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_2.jpg Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_3. By Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_3.jpg Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_4. By Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_4.jpg Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_5. By Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diaphorodoris_olakhalafi_5.jpg Wikipedia. Ola Khalaf’s Nudibranch. ‫ بزاق بحر عال خلف عاري الخٌاشٌم‬. (In Arabic). https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8% Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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AD%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%B9%D8% A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8 A%D9%85 Wikipedia. Onchidorididae. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onchidorididae Wikipedia. Phyllodesmium poindimiei. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllodesmium_poindimiei Wikipedia. Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug. ‫ بزاق البحر بٌكاشو عاري الخٌاشٌم‬. (In Arabic). https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%8 4%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88_ %D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7% D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85 Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_1. Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_ 1.jpg Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_2. Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_ 2.jpg Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_3. Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_ 3.jpg Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_4. Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_ 4.jpg Wikipedia. Commons. Photo: Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_5. Ola Khalaf. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pikachu_Nudibranch_Thecacera_pacifica_ 5.jpg Wikipedia. Thecacera pacifica. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thecacera_pacifica Wiktionnaire. Gonio-. https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/gonioWirtz, P. (1997). Crustacean symbionts of the sea anemone Telmatactis cricoids at Madeira and the Canary Islands. Journal of Zoology. 242: 799-811.

World Register of Marine Species. WoRMS taxon details. Chromodoris annulata Eliot, 1904. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=209592 World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). WoRMS taxon details. Dermatobranchus semistriatus Baba, 1949. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=558953 World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). WoRMS taxon details. Diaphorodoris olakhalafi Khalaf, 2017. AphiaID: 1023241. http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1023241 World Register of Marine Species. Goniobranchus obsoletus (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830). http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=597365 World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). WoRMS taxon details. Hypselodoris pulchella (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830). http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=597870 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018

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World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). WoRMS taxon details. Thecacera pacifica (Bergh, 1884). http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420618

‫ تم نشر هذه‬66 ‫ عدسة الغواصة الكابتن عُال خلف‬66 ‫ مترا‬61 ‫بُزاق البحر بٌكاتشو عاري الخٌاشٌم من بحر دِبا على عُمك‬ 6 5.-58 ‫ الصفحة‬، 0.62 ‫ عدد أغسطس‬، ‫الصورة فً مجلة ناشٌونال جٌوغرافٌن العربٌة‬ Pikachu Nudibranch Sea Slug (Thecacera pacifica), 19 meters deep, from the Dibba Sea. Photo by PADI Dive Instructor Ola Mostafa Khalaf. This photo was published in National Geographic AlArabiya, August 2017, page 85-86. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1951781295075246&set=a.1414987132088001.1073 741830.100007301827082&type=3&theater & http://nudibranch.webs.com/thecacera-pacifica

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 163 – July 2018