Rare Records of Persian or Caucasian Badgers (Meles meles canescens) from the Gaza Strip, Palestine

0

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

ISSN 0178-6288 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Norman_KhalafPrinz_Sakerfalke_Von_Jaffa/publications https://palestine.academia.edu/NormanKhalaf https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs

============================= ‫ اﻟﻨﺸﺮة اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﯿﺎء‬: ‫اﻟﻐﺰال‬

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Gazelle : Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin

============================= Monthly Bulletin – Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine

=============================

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

1

‫ اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮاء( اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ‬، ‫ اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮي‬، ‫ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻼت ﻧﺎدرة ﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ )اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮة‬ ‫ و ُﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺸﺎره ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ وﺷﻤﺎل‬، ‫أو اﻟﻘﻮﻗﺎزي ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﺎع ﻏﺰة‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ Rare Records of the Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) from the Gaza Strip, and a review of its distribution in Palestine and the northern Arabian Peninsula

‫ ﻨورﻤﺎن )ﻨﻌمﺎن( ﻋﻠﻲ �سﺎم ﻋﻠﻲ طﺎﻫر ﺨﻠﻒ اﻟیﺎﻓﺎوي‬.‫ د‬.‫ اﻟشر�ف أ‬: ‫�ﻘﻠم‬

By: Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa

A Rare Record of the Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) from the eastern boundaries of Gaza city, State of Palestine. 14.04.2021. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10159077072764831&set=pcb.10159077072824831

(‫ اﻟ ُﻐر�راء‬، ‫ اﻟ ُﻐر�ري‬، ‫ ﺘم ﺘسجیﻞ �ﻌض اﻟتوﺜیﻘﺎت اﻟنﺎدرة ﻟتواﺠد ﺤیوان اﻟ ُﻐر�ر )اﻟ ُﻐر�رة‬: ‫ُﻤﻠخص‬ ‫ و�ﻌود اﻟتسجیﻞ اﻷول إﻟﻰ ﺘوﺜیﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤد�ﻘﺔ‬. ‫ دوﻟﺔ ﻓﻠسطین‬، ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺴﻲ أو اﻟﻘوﻗﺎزي ﻓﻲ ﻗطﺎع ﻏزة‬ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺤیواﻨﺎت رﻓﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋوام ‪ ، 2004-2002‬واﻟتسجیﻞ اﻟثﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋینﺔ ُﻤحنطﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻷزﻫر ‪-‬‬ ‫إﺼطیﺎدﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟشرﻗیﺔ ﻟمدﯿنﺔ‬ ‫ﻏزة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ ، 2012‬واﻟتسجیﻞ اﻟثﺎﻟث ﻫﻲ ﻋینﺔ ﺤیﺔ ﺘم‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻏزة ﻓﻲ أﺒر�ﻞ ‪. 2021‬‬

‫‪Abstract : Some rare records have been documented on the‬‬ ‫)‪presence of Persian or Caucasian Badgers (Meles meles canescens‬‬ ‫‪in the Gaza Strip, State of Palestine. The first record goes back to‬‬ ‫‪its documentation in the Rafah Zoo in the years 2002-2004; the‬‬ ‫‪second recording from a taxidermied specimen at Al-Azhar‬‬ ‫‪University – Gaza in 2012, and the third recording of a badger‬‬ ‫‪caught alive in the eastern boundaries of Gaza City in April 2021.‬‬

‫ﺼﻔﺎت ﺠنس اﻟ ُﻐر�ر )اﻟ ُﻐر�ري ‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﻐر�رة ‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﻐر�راء( ‪Genus Meles‬‬

‫)اﻟﻌرﺴیﺎت ‪ ،‬اﻟسراﻋیب( ‪ . Mustelids‬وﺠنس‬ ‫ﯿنتمﻲ أﻋضﺎء ﺠنس ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر إﻟﻰ ﺤیواﻨﺎت إﺒن ُﻋرس ُ‬ ‫اﻟبنیﺎن وﺘكون أﺠسﺎﻤﻬم ﺜخینﺔ ‪ ،‬أﻤﺎ اﻷطراف واﻟذﯿﻞ ﻓتكون ﻗصیرة ‪ .‬وﺘكون‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻤﻌروف �ﻘوة ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻗدام ﺤﺎﻓرة وأﺨمصیﺔ اﻟسیر )ﺘمشﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ �ﺎطن اﻟﻘدم وﻗد ﻤس ﻋﻘبﻬﺎ اﻷرض( ؛ وﻻ ﺘوﺠد ﺒین‬

‫اﻷﺼﺎ�ﻊ ﻏشﺎء ؛ وﺘكون أﺼﺎ�ﻊ اﻟﻘدم اﻷﻤﺎﻤیﺔ ُﻤزودة �مخﺎﻟب طو�ﻠﺔ ‪ .‬و�كون اﻹﻫﺎب ﺨشنﺎً و�تمتﻊ‬ ‫�حر�ﺔ ﻨسبیﺔ �ﺎﻟحر�ﺔ )ﻤﻔكوك( ؛ و�كون اﻟخطم ُﻤدﺒبﺎً ‪ ،‬واﻷذﻨﺎن ﻗصیرﺘﺎن وﻟكنﻬمﺎ ﺘُرى �سﻬوﻟﺔ ؛‬

‫و�وﺠد �ﺎﻟوﺠﻪ ﺨطﺎن طوﻟیﺎن ذات ﻟون أﺴود �طوﻗﺎ اﻟﻌینین ‪ ،‬و�توﺴطﻬمﺎ ﺨط أﺒیض ؛ ﻫذا و�وﺠد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻤرﺘﻔﻌﺔ ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻛیس ُﻏدي ﺘحت ذﯿﻠﻲ ‪� ،‬مﺎ ﯿوﺠد زوج ﻤن ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐدد اﻟشرﺠیﺔ ‪ .‬وﺘكون ُ‬ ‫اﻟجمجمﺔ ﻀیﻘﺔ ُ‬

‫اﻟجمجمﺔ(‬ ‫وﺠود ﺤید ﺴﻬمﻲ �بیر ‪ ،‬وﻤنطﻘﺔ اﻟخطم ﺘكون ُﻤمتدة ‪ ،‬وﺘكون اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋﺔ اﻟطبﻼﻨیﺔ )ﺠزء ﻤن ُ‬ ‫ُﻤرﺘﻔﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ طول ﺤواﻓﻬﺎ اﻟداﺨﻠیﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ُﻤنبسطﺔ ﻤن اﻟخﺎرج ﻤﻊ وﺠود ﻗنﺎة ﻋظمیﺔ واﻀحﺔ ‪ .‬و�ن‬

‫اﻟزواﺌد )اﻟنتؤات( اﻟجدار�ﺔ اﻟمؤﺨر�ﺔ ﻨﺎﻤیﺔ �شكﻞ ﺠید ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻤﻔصوﻟﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋﺔ ‪� ،‬مﺎ ﺘكون اﻟزواﺌد‬

‫اﻟخشﺎﺌیﺔ ﻗو�ﺔ )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ‪. (2015a‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوي اﻷول اﻟصﻐیر �كون ﻋﺎدة ﻏیر‬ ‫و�ﺎﻟنسبﺔ ﻟطبیﻌﺔ اﻷﺴنﺎن ﻓﺈﻨنﺎ ﻨﻼﺤظ أن اﻟسن اﻟﻘبﻞ طﺎﺤن ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻐیر ‪ ،‬و�كون‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوي �كون‬ ‫اً‬ ‫ﻤوﺠود ﻓﻲ ﺠمﺎﺠم اﻟبﺎﻟﻐین ‪ .‬واﻟسن اﻟﻘﺎطﻊ اﻟﻘبﻞ طﺎﺤن ‪ُ carnassial‬‬

‫اﻟجزء اﻟخﺎرﺠﻲ اﻟحﺎد �ﻪ ﻨتوء ﺘﺎج أﻤﺎﻤﻲ واﺤد ‪ ،‬و�كون اﻟﻔص اﻟداﺨﻠﻲ �بیر ‪ ،‬و�كون ذا ﺸكﻞ ُﻤثﻠثﻲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوي‬ ‫ﺘﻘر�بﺎً ﻤﻊ وﺠود إﺜنین أو ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻨتؤات ﺘیجﺎن ﺼﻐیرة ﺘنمو ﻤن ﺤواﻓﻬﺎ ‪ .‬و�كون اﻟطﺎﺤن اﻷول ُ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟمﻘﺎرﻨﺔ �بیر ﺠداً ‪ ،‬ﺤیث أن ﺤجمﻪ �كون ﻤن إﺜنﺎن إﻟﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ أﻀﻌﺎف ﻤنطﻘﺔ اﻟتﺎج ﻓﻲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟسن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟمﻌین ‪ ،‬و�كون ﻗطرﻫﺎ اﻷﻛبر ﻓﻲ ﻤحور ﺼﻒ اﻷﺴنﺎن ‪ ،‬وﺘوﺠد أر�ﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎطﻊ ‪ ،‬و�كون ﺸكﻠﻪ ﺸبیﻪ ُ‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻠوي( �كون ﻗمﺔ‬ ‫ﻨتؤات ﺘیجﺎن ﺒداﺌیﺔ ؛ و�ن اﻟمخروط اﻷول )اﻟطرف اﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﻟﻠضرس اﻟطﺎﺤن ُ‬ ‫ُﻤنحنیﺔ ُﻤتوﺴطﺔ ُﻤمتدة ‪ ،‬وﻋﺎدة ﻤﻊ ﻨتؤات ﺘیجﺎن ﺜﺎﻨو�ﺔ ؛ و�ن اﻟطوق اﻟداﺨﻠﻲ �كون ﻤرﻓوﻋﺎً إﻟﻰ ﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤحززة )ﻤسننﺔ( ‪ ،‬و�كون ِ‬ ‫اﻟسن اﻟﻘﺎطﻊ اﻟطﺎﺤن اﻟسﻔﻠﻲ �بیر ﺠداً ‪ ،‬و�ن ﺠزﺌﻬﺎ اﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ �حوي ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫اﻟمثﻠث‬ ‫وﻤتسﺎو�ﺔ ﺘﻘر�بﺎً ‪ ،‬و�ن اﻟﻌﻘب اﻟخﻠﻔﻲ �كون أﻛبر �شكﻞ واﻀﺢ ﻤن ُ‬ ‫ﻨتوءات ﺘیجﺎن �بیرة ُ‬ ‫وﻤدو اًر )ﻫﺎر�سون‬ ‫اﻟسﻔﻠﻲ اﻟثﺎﻨﻲ �كون ﺼﻐی اًر ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬وﺤواﻓﻬﺎ ﺘكون ُﻤستدﻗﺔ اﻟطرف ‪ .‬واﻟطﺎﺤن ُ‬ ‫‪ 1968‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪. (2015a‬‬ ‫اﻟمﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ِ‬ ‫اﻟسنیﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﻘواطﻊ ‪ ، 3/3‬اﻷﻨیﺎب ‪ ، 1/1‬ﻗبﻞ طواﺤن ‪ ، 4/4‬طواﺤن ‪ِ 38 = 2/1‬ﺴن ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫وﻤنبسطﺎً ﻗﻠیﻼً ﻤﻊ وﺠود ﺤﺎﻓﺔ ُﻤدورة ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ أﺤیﺎﻨﺎً ﺘكون‬ ‫و�كون اﻟطرف اﻟبﻌید ﻟﻌظمﺔ اﻟﻘضیب ُﻤمتداً ُ‬ ‫ﻤثﻘو�ﺔ �ﺎﻟطرف اﻟبﻌید ﻋند أﺴﺎس اﻟتمدد )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ‪.(2015a‬‬

‫‪A Rare Record of the Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) from the‬‬ ‫‪eastern boundaries of Gaza city, State of Palestine. 14.04.2021.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10159077072799831&set=pcb.10159077072824831‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022‬‬

4

A Rare Record of the Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) from the eastern boundaries of Gaza city, State of Palestine. 14.04.2021. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159077356929831&set=pcb.10159077072824831 & https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159127512124831&set=a.127745184830

ِ ‫ وﻗد أطﻠﻘﻪ‬، Meles meles ‫ اﻟ ُﻐر�ر اﻟ ُﻐر�ر‬: ‫اﻹﺴم اﻟﻌﻠمﻲ ﻟﻠنوع‬ ‫ﻋﻠیﻪ ﻋﺎﻟم اﻟتصنیﻒ اﻟسو�دي‬ . 1758 ‫ﻛﺎرل ﻟینیوس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم‬

‫اﻟنو�ﻊ اﻟذي �ﻌیش ﻓﻲ‬ ُ ‫ و‬، (Badger) ‫ و�ﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻨجﻠیز�ﺔ‬، (Dachs) ‫اﻹﺴم اﻟﻌﺎﻤﻲ �ﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻷﻟمﺎﻨیﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر‬ ُ ) ‫اﻟنو�ﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺴﻲ أو اﻟﻘوﻗﺎزي و�ﺴمﻪ اﻟﻌﻠمﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﻓﻠسطین و�ﺎﻗﻲ ﺸمﺎل ﺸبﻪ اﻟجز�رة اﻟﻌر�یﺔ ﻫو‬ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

‫‪5‬‬

‫اﻟرﻤﺎدي ‪ ، (Meles meles canescens‬وﻗد أطﻠﻘﻪ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠیﻪ ﻋﺎﻟم اﻟحیوان اﻹﻨجیﻠیزي وﻟیم‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺘوﻤﺎس ﺒﻼﻨﻔورد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ ، 1875‬وﻨشرﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟمجﻠﺔ اﻟحوﻟیﺔ ﻟﻠتﺎر�ﺦ اﻟطبیﻌﻲ ‪ ،‬أﻤﺎ اﻟﻌینﺔ اﻟتﻲ‬ ‫ﻓحصﻬﺎ ﻓﻘد �ﺎﻨت ﻤن ﻤدﯿنﺔ آ�ﺎدﻩ ‪ ، Abadeh‬وﻫﻲ ﺘﻘﻊ ﺒین ﻤدﯿنتﻲ ﺸیراز وأﺼﻔﻬﺎن اﻹﯿراﻨیتین‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺘﻔﺎع ﺤواﻟﻲ ﺴبﻌﺔ آﻻف ﻗدم )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪ ، 1968‬ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ‪. (2015a‬‬

‫وأر�د ﻫنﺎ أن أﺴجﻞ ُﻤﻼﺤظﺔ �سیطﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟكﻠمﺔ ‪ ،canescens‬ﻓﻬﻲ �ﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ أﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌنﻲ اﻟو�ر‬ ‫أ�ضﺎ اﻟو�ر ذي اﻟﻠون اﻷﺒیض‪ .‬وﻟكننﻲ ﻤن ﺨﻼل دراﺴتﻲ ﻟﻬذا‬ ‫ذي اﻟﻠون اﻟرﻤﺎدي‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻌنﻲ ً‬

‫أﻨﻪ ﻤن اﻷﻨسب إﺴتﻌمﺎل اﻟﻠون اﻟرﻤﺎدي ﺒدﻻً ﻤن اﻷﺒیض ﻹرﺘبﺎط اﻟﻠون اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟحیوان ﻓﻘد وﺠدت ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ِ‬ ‫اﻟرﻤﺎدي ‪(Meles meles canescens‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ُ‬ ‫�حیواﻨنﺎ أﻛثر‪ .‬و�مكن ﺘمییز ُﺴﻼﻟﺔ أو ُﻨو�ﻊ ) ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ‪� (Meles meles‬ﺄن ُﻤﻌدل ﺤجمﻬﺎ أﺼﻐر‪ ،‬و�كون أﻛبر‬ ‫)اﻟﻐر�ر ُ‬ ‫اﻟسﻼﻟﺔ اﻟنموذﺠیﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﻋن ُ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫اﻟسﻼﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠجمجمﺔ ﻫو ﻤﺎ ﺒین ‪136 -118‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫طول ُ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻠیمترا‪ .‬ﻫذا وﻗد وﺼﻞ وز أﻨثﻰ �ﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻤن ﻫذﻩ ُ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺴیﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺘسﻌﺔ آﻻف وﻤﺎﺌتین ﺠرام )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪ ، 1968‬ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛‪ 2014c‬؛‪.(2015a‬‬

‫اﻹﻨتشﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻗطﺎع ﻏزة ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻐر�ر اﻟﻔﺎرﺴﻲ أو اﻟﻘوﻗﺎزي ﻤن ِﻗطﺎع ﻏزة ‪ .‬ﺤیث �ﻌود اﻟتسجیﻞ اﻷول إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘوﺠد ﻋدة ﺘسجیﻼت ُ‬ ‫ﺘوﺜیﻘﻪ ﻤن ِﻗبﻞ اﻟبروﻓیسور ﻋبد اﻟﻔتﺎح ﻋبد ر�ﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤد�ﻘﺔ ﺤیواﻨﺎت رﻓﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋوام ‪، 2004-2002‬‬

‫وﺘﻌود إﻟﻰ ﻋینﺔ ﺤیﺔ ﺘم إﺴتیرادﻫﺎ ﻤن إﺴراﺌیﻞ ﻋند ﺘﺄﺴیس ﺤد�ﻘﺔ اﻟحیوان ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ ، 1999‬ﺤسبمﺎ‬ ‫ذ�ر ُﻤدﯿر ﺤد�ﻘﺔ ﺤیواﻨﺎت رﻓﺢ ﻤحمد أﺤمد ُﺠمﻌﺔ )ﻋبد ر�ﻪ ‪ (2011b‬؛ واﻟتسجیﻞ اﻟثﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋینﺔ‬ ‫ُﻤحنطﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻷزﻫر �ﻐزة ﺘم ﺘوﺜیﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﯿنﺎﯿر – ﻤﺎرس ﻤن اﻟﻌﺎم ‪) 2012‬ﻋبد ر�ﻪ وآﺨر�ن‬

‫إﺼطیﺎدﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟشرﻗیﺔ ﻟمدﯿنﺔ ﻏزة ﻓﻲ أﺒر�ﻞ‬ ‫‪ (2020‬؛ واﻟتسجیﻞ اﻟثﺎﻟث ﻟﻌینﺔ ﺤیﺔ ﺘم‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪) 2021‬ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ ، (2021a‬واﻟتﻲ ظﻬرت ﻓﻲ ﻓیدﯿو ﺨﺎص ﺘم ﻨشرﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤوﻗﻊ ﯿوﺘیوب ﻤﻊ ﺼﺎﺌد‬

‫اﻟحیواﻨﺎت اﻟﻐزاوي ﻤحمد ﺤمدان وﻫﻲ ﺘﻠﻌب ﻤﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎطﺊ �حر ﻏزة )ﺤمدان ‪. (2021‬‬

‫اﻹ ﻨتشﺎر ﻓﻲ �ﺎﻗﻲ ﻓﻠسطین ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟوﺴطﻰ ‪ .‬وﻗد ذ�ر‬ ‫�ﻌیش ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر اﻟﻔﺎرﺴﻲ أو اﻟﻘوﻗﺎزي ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین ﻓﻲ �ﻞ اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟشمﺎﻟیﺔ و ُ‬ ‫ﺘر�سترام )‪ (1884 ، 1866‬ﻋن ﺘواﺠد ﻫذا اﻟنوع ﻓﻲ اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟتﻲ ﺘكثر ﻓیﻬﺎ اﻟتﻼل واﻷﺸجﺎر ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻠسطین ؛ �مﺎ ذ�ر أﻫﺎروﻨﻲ )‪ (1930‬ﻋن ﺘواﺠد ﻫذا اﻟحیوان ﻓﻲ اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟجبﻠیﺔ ‪ ،‬وأن أﻋدادﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟمتوﺴط ‪ ،‬وأﻋﺎﻟﻲ وادي اﻷردن‬ ‫ُﻤتذﺒذ�ﺔ ؛ �مﺎ �ﻌیش ً‬ ‫اﻟمحﺎذ�ﺔ ﻟﻠبحر اﻷﺒیض ُ‬ ‫أ�ضﺎ ﻓﻲ �ﻞ اﻟمنﺎطق ُ‬ ‫)ﺒودﻨﻬﺎ�مر ‪ ، (1958‬وﻗد ﻟوﺤظ ﺤیوان اﻟﻐر�ر ﻋند ُ�حیرة طبر�ﺔ ‪� .‬مﺎ وﺘُوﺠد ﻋینﺎت ﻟﻬذا اﻟحیوان‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫وﻤصدرﻫﺎ ﻤن اﻟﻘدس اﻟشر�ف وﺠبﻞ اﻟكرﻤﻞ )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪. (1968‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻤجموﻋﺔ اﻟمتحﻒ اﻟبر�طﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛمﺎ وﺠد ﻋﺎﻟم اﻟطیور اﻹﻨجیﻠیزي ﻫنري ﺒیكر ﺘر�سترام )‪ (1866‬ﻋینﺔ ﻤیتﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠبﻞ اﻟطور أو‬

‫ﺠرز�م ﻗرب ﻨﺎﺒﻠس )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ‪ ، (2015a‬وﻤن ُ�حیرة اﻟحوﻟﺔ‬ ‫)ﻤجﻬول ‪ ، (1945‬و�ذﻟك ﻋینﺔ ﺤصﻞ ﻋﻠیﻬﺎ اﻷب اﻷﻟمﺎﻨﻲ إرﻨست ﺸمیتز ﻤن اﻟنبﻲ ﺼموﺌیﻞ‬

‫)ﻤجﻬول ‪ ، (1946‬وﻤن اﻟﻘدس اﻟشر�ف ‪ ،‬وﺠبﻞ اﻟكرﻤﻞ ‪ ،‬وﺤیﻔﺎ )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪. (1972 ، 1968‬‬

‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻓﻲ ﺠبﺎل ﻨﺎﺒﻠس‬ ‫وﺘذ�ر و�ﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻨبﺎء واﻟمﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻟﻔﻠسطینیﺔ )وﻓﺎ( أﻨﻪ ﺘم ﺘسجیﻞ ﺘواﺠد ُ‬ ‫واﻟمنﺎطق اﻟجبﻠیﺔ واﻟﻘدس اﻟشر�ف وﺠبﺎل اﻟكرﻤﻞ ‪ ،‬واﻟمنﺎطق اﻟحرﺠیﺔ واﻟمنﺎطق اﻟسﺎﺤﻠیﺔ وأﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫وادي اﻷردن ‪ .‬وﻗد ﺤصﻞ اﻟبروﻓیسور ﻤﺎزن ُﻗمصیﺔ )‪ (1996‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋینﺔ ﻤن ﻫذا اﻟحیوان ﻗرب ﺒیت‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺤور ؛ �مﺎ ﻗﺎم اﻷﺴتﺎذ ِﻋمﺎد اﻷطرش �ﺎﻟﻌﺎم ‪ 2012‬ﺒتصو�رﻩ ﻓوﺘوﻏراﻓیﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺒیت ﺴﺎﺤور )ﺨﻠﻒ‬

‫‪� . (2015a ، 2014c‬مﺎ ﺘوﺠد ﻋینﺎت ﻋدﯿدة ﻓﻲ ﻤتحﻒ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻞ أﺒیب ﻤن ﻤواﻗﻊ ﻋدﯿدة ﻓﻲ‬

‫اﻟمحتﻠﺔ ﻤن ﻋﻘرون ‪ ،‬ﻋرﺘوف ‪ ،‬اﻟجﺎﻋوﻨﺔ )روش ﺒینﺎ( ‪ ،‬ﻗر�ﺔ اﺠﻠیﻞ و ﻗر�ﺔ اﻟحرم )ﺴیدﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠسطین ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ( )ﻫرﺘسﻠیﺎ( ‪ ،‬ﺒئر اﻟسبﻊ ‪ ،‬ﺘﻞ ﺨو�ﻠﻔﺔ )ﻻﻫﻒ( ﻓﻲ اﻟنﻘب ‪ ،‬ﻋبدﻩ و اﻟﻌزازﻤﺔ )ﺴیدي ﺒو�یر( ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟنﻘب ‪ ،‬وﻤن ﻤوﻗﻊ ﯿبﻌد ‪� 6‬یﻠوﻤترات ﺸمﺎل طوﻟكرم )ُﻗمصیﺔ ‪. (1996‬‬

‫اﻹﻨتشﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺸمﺎل ﺸبﻪ اﻟجز�رة اﻟﻌر�یﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫)اﻟﻐر�ري( اﻟﻔﺎرﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟخصبﺔ �ﺎﻷﺠزاء اﻟشمﺎﻟیﺔ واﻟشمﺎﻟیﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ُ‬ ‫�ﻘتصر وﺠود ﺤیوان ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌراق ﻓﻲ اﻟمتحﻒ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�یﺔ ﻤن ﺸبﻪ اﻟجز�رة اﻟﻌر�یﺔ ‪ .‬ﻓﻬنﺎك ﻋینﺔ ﻟﻬذا اﻟحیوان ﻤن ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌراﻗﻲ ﻟﻠتﺎر�ﺦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)ﻫت ‪. (1959‬‬ ‫اﻟطبیﻌﻲ‬ ‫وﻤصدرﻫﺎ ﻤن �ﻐداد ‪ ،‬وﻗد ﺘم ﺠمﻌﻬﺎ ﻤن ﻗبﻞ ﺘوﻓیق وﻫبﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪َ 1948‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛمﺎ ﺘم ﺘسجیﻞ ﻋینﺔ ﻤن �ﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ �ك ﻓﻲ ُ�ردﺴتﺎن )ﺴﺎﻨبورن ‪ . (1940‬وﻓﻲ ﻟبنﺎن ﺘوﺠد ﻋینﺎت ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻤصدرﻫﺎ ﻤن ﻗرطبﺎ ‪ ،‬و ِﻤن وُﻗرب ﺒرﺠﺎ ‪ ،‬وﺸمسطﺎر ‪ ،‬وﺠبیﻞ ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟجﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻷﻤر�كیﺔ ﺒبیروت و�رﺠﻊ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟنبﻲ ﺸیت ﻗرب �ﻌﻠبك )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ‪.(2015a‬‬ ‫أﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ﻓﻘد ﺘم ﺘسجیﻞ ﺘواﺠد ﻫذا اﻟنوع ﻤن ﺼو�ﻠﺢ )ﻛﻼرك ‪ ، (1977‬وﻤن ﻗر�ﺔ ﻋﻘر�ﺎ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺸمﺎل ُﻤحﺎﻓظﺔ إر�د )ﻋمرو وآﺨر�ن ‪ (1987‬؛ �مﺎ ﺘوﺠد ﻋینﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻤتحﻒ اﻟتﺎر�ﺦ اﻟطبیﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟجﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻷردﻨیﺔ ﻤن ﺤرﺜﺎ �محﺎﻓظﺔ إر�د ‪ ،‬و ِﻤن إر�د )ُﻗمصیﺔ ‪� . (1996‬مﺎ ﺘوﺠد ﻋینﺎت أﺨرى ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫�محﺎﻓظﺔ‬ ‫اﻟمنیصﺔ ُ‬ ‫اﻟمتحﻒ اﻷردﻨﻲ ﻟﻠتﺎر�ﺦ اﻟطبیﻌﻲ �جﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟیرﻤوك ﻤن ﺠرش ‪ ،‬واﻟمنصورة ‪ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐر�ري ﻓﻲ اﻷول ﻤن ﺸﻬر ﯿوﻟیو‬ ‫اﻟمﻔرق )ُﻗمصیﺔ ‪ . (1996‬و�ذﻟك ﺘم ﺘسجیﻞ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ دﻫس وﻗتﻞ ُ‬ ‫)ﺘموز( ﻤن اﻟﻌﺎم ‪� 2011‬منطﻘﺔ اﻟﻌصﺎرة ﻓﻲ ﻟواء ﺒنﻲ ﻋبید ﺠنوب ﻤدﯿنﺔ إر�د )ﺨﻠﻒ ‪. (2015a‬‬

‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻤحﻔوظﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟمتحﻒ اﻷردﻨﻲ ﻟﻠتﺎر�ﺦ اﻟطبیﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟیرﻤوك ﻓﻲ إر�د ) ُﻗمصیﺔ ‪. (1996‬‬ ‫ﻋینﺔ ُﻤحنطﺔ ﻟحیوان ُ‬

‫أﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ُﺴور�ﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺘوﺠد ِﺴجﻼت دﻗیﻘﺔ ﻟﻌینﺎت ﻤن ﻫذا اﻟحیوان ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻤن ُوﺠود ُﺠمجمﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻤن ُﺴور�ﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟمتحﻒ اﻟبر�طﺎﻨﻲ )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪. (1968‬‬ ‫ﻟحیوان ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین وﺸبﻪ اﻟجز�رة اﻟﻌر�یﺔ " ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻗد ُ�نت ﻗد �تبت ﻤﻘﺎﻻً ﻋﻠمی�ﺎ ﺘحت ﻋنوان ‪ " :‬ﺤیوان ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌدد رﻗم ‪) 2‬ﻓبراﯿر ‪ (1983‬ﻤن ﻨشرة "اﻟخﺎﻟصﺔ" اﻟﻔﻠسطینیﺔ ‪ /‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟكو�ت ؛ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻌدد اﻟﻼﺤق‬ ‫)رﻗم ‪ ، 3‬أﺒر�ﻞ ‪ُ (1983‬ﻗمت �ﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ �ﻌض اﻟمﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻹﻀﺎﻓیﺔ ﻋن إﻨتشﺎر ﻫذا اﻟنوع ﻓﻲ ُﺴور�ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺘﺎر�ﺦ ‪ 1978/7/31‬وﺠدت �ﻌثﺔ اﻟشرق اﻷوﺴط ‪ 1978‬ﻤن ﻤﻌﻬد ِﻋﻠم اﻟحیوان ﻤن ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر" )‪ (Meles meles‬ﻋﻠﻰ ُ�ﻌد ﺤواﻟﻲ‬ ‫"اﻟﻐر�ر ُ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﯿنز اﻷﻟمﺎﻨیﺔ اﻟﻐر�یﺔ ﻋینﺔ ﻤدﻫوﺴﺔ ﻟحیوان ُ‬ ‫ﻋشر�ن �یﻠو ﻤت اًر إﻟﻰ اﻟجنوب ﻤن ﻤدﯿنﺔ طرطوس )ﻤكﺎن اﻟنجمﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺎرطﺔ اﻹﻨتشﺎر �ﺎﻷﺴﻔﻞ(‬

‫)ﻛوك و �ینزﻟبﺎخ ‪ 1982‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983b‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪. (2015a‬‬

‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻤن ُﺴور�ﺎ ﺘم ﺘسجیﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟسﻔﻠیﺔ )ﺼﻔحﺔ ‪ (8‬أن ﻋینﺔ أﺨرى ﻟحیوان ُ‬ ‫وﺘُوﻀﺢ ﺨﺎرطﺔ اﻹﻨتشﺎر ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر‬ ‫اﻟجﻐراﻓیﺔ ﺘُوﻀﺢ إﻨتشﺎر ُ‬ ‫اﻟمحتﻞ ‪ .‬و�ﺎﻟنسبﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻓﻠسطین ﻓﺈن اﻟخر�طﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻟواء اﻹﺴكندرون ُ‬ ‫وﺴور�ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻤنطﻘﺔ اﻟضﻔﺔ اﻟﻐر�یﺔ ﻟنﻬر اﻷردن وﺠبﻞ اﻟكرﻤﻞ ُ‬ ‫و�حیرة اﻟحوﻟﺔ ‪ .‬و�ﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻓﻠسطین ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن اﻟخﺎرطﺔ ﺘُوﻀﺢ إﻨتشﺎرﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻟبنﺎن و ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌراق ‪ ،‬و�ذﻟك ﻷﺠزاء ﻤن ﺘر�یﺎ و�ﯿران )ﻛوك و �ینزﻟبﺎخ‬ ‫‪ 1982‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983b‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪. (2015a‬‬

‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻓﻲ اﻟمنطﻘﺔ اﻟﻌر�یﺔ وأﺠزاء ﻤن ﺘر�یﺎ و�ﯿرن )ﻛوك و�ینزﻟبﺎخ ‪ 1982‬؛ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983b‬؛ ‪ 2014c‬؛‪(2015a‬‬ ‫ﺨر�طﺔ إﻨتشﺎر ُ‬

‫اﻹ ﻨتشﺎر اﻟﻌﺎم ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻐر�ر اﻷورو�ﻲ ‪ Meles meles‬ﯿنتشر �شكﻞ واﺴﻊ ِﺨﻼل ﻤنطﻘﺔ اﻟﻘطب اﻟﻘد�م ‪.‬‬ ‫إن ﺤیوان ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر اﻟﻘوﻗﺎزي أو اﻟﻔﺎرﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤنطﻘﺔ اﻟﻘوﻗﺎز )أرﻤینیﺎ ‪ُ ،‬ﺠورﺠیﺎ ‪ ،‬أذر�بجﺎن( ‪ ،‬و�ذﻟك �ﻌیش‬ ‫و�ﻌیش ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻷﻨﺎﻀول اﻟتر�یﺔ ‪ ،‬إﯿران ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌراق ‪ُ ،‬ﺴور�ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻟبنﺎن ‪ ،‬اﻷردن ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠسطین ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ ﺸمﺎل أﻓﻐﺎﻨستﺎن ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺘر�منستﺎن ‪ ،‬ﻗیرﻏیزﺴتﺎن ‪ ،‬أوز�كستﺎن ‪ ،‬طﺎﺠیكستﺎن ‪ ،‬و�ذﻟك �ﻌیش ﻓﻲ ُﺠزر �ر�ت و رودوس ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻓﻲ ﺘر�یﺎ و�ﯿران وﺸمﺎل ِﺸبﻪ اﻟجز�رة‬ ‫اﻟمتوﺴط ‪ .‬وﻓﻲ اﻟشرق اﻷوﺴط �ﻌیش ُ‬ ‫اﻟبحر اﻷﺒیض ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌر�یﺔ �مﺎ ﻫو ُﻤوﻀﺢ �ﺎﻷﻋﻠﻰ )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ‪. (2015a‬‬

‫ُﻤﻼﺤظﺎت أﺤیﺎﺌیﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻐر�ر اﻟشرق أوﺴطیﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟوﻗت اﻟحﺎﻀر‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﯿبدو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻤن ﺘواﻓر اﻟمﻌﻠوﻤﺎت ﺤول ﺤیواﻨﺎت ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ِ‬ ‫اﻟرﻤﺎدي" ‪ Meles meles canescens‬ﺘﻌتبر ُﺴﻼﻟﺔ ُﻤتمیزة‬ ‫"اﻟﻐر�ر ُ‬ ‫ﺸك ﻗﻠیﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ُ‬ ‫ﺤجمﻬﺎ اﻷﺼﻐر وﻤیﻞ اﻟطﺎﺤن اﻟﻌﻠوي �ﺄن �كون ﻤمتدداً وأﻛثر ِ‬ ‫�شكﻞ واﻀﺢ ‪� ،‬سبب ﻤﻌدل ِ‬ ‫ﻀیﻘ ًﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠمﺎء ﻟو�س و ﻟو�س و‬ ‫إن ﺤیوان ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﺤیوان ﺜدﯿﻲ ﻟیﻠﻲ ‪ .‬و�نﺎءاً ﻋﻠﻰ ُﻤﻼﺤظﺎت أﺤیﺎﺌیﺔ ﻗﺎم ﻓیﻬﺎ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻓﻲ ﻟبنﺎن ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘد ﺘمت ُﻤﻼﺤظﺔ أن ﻫذا اﻟحیوان �ﻌیش ﻗرب‬ ‫ﺴنﺎ ﻋطﺎﷲ )‪ (1968‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤیوان ُ‬

‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫اﻟﻐر�ر اﻟﻔﺎرﺴﻲ ﻤن ﻗرطبﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻟبنﺎن وﻤحﻔوظﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤتحﻒ ﻫﺎر�سون اﻟحیواﻨﻲ )ﻤﻌﻬد ﻫﺎر�سون( ﻓﻲ ﺴﻔن‬ ‫ﺠمجمﺔ �ﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻟحیوان ُ‬ ‫أو�س ﻓﻲ �نت ﺒبر�طﺎﻨیﺎ )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪. (1968‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫و�مكن أن‬ ‫اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟمزروﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ُﺠحور ُﻤمتدة ﺘحت اﻷرض �صﻞ ُﻋمﻘﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻤتر واﺤد أو أﻛثر ؛ ُ‬ ‫اﻟمستﻌمرات اﻟﻘد�مﺔ اﻟتﺄﺴیس ‪ .‬و�كون ﻤوﻗﻊ ﻓتحﺎت ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﺘكون ﻫذﻩ ُ‬ ‫)ﻤﻌﻘدة( ﺠ �دا ﻓﻲ ُ‬ ‫اﻟجحور ُﻤر�بﺔ ُ‬ ‫اﻟمنحدرات اﻟشدﯿدة اﻹﻨحدار و�ین ﺠذور اﻷﺸجﺎر ‪ .‬و�تم اﻟحﻔر �ﺈﺴتخدام اﻷرﺠﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟجحور ﻋﺎدة ﻋند ُ‬

‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﺤیو ًاﻨﺎ ُﻋدواﻨی�ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹطﻼق ‪ ،‬وﻟكنﻪ ُﯿداﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟمزودة �مخﺎﻟب �بیرة ‪ .‬وﻻ ُ�ﻌتبر ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻤﺎﻤیﺔ اﻟﻘو�ﺔ و ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌتد‬ ‫اﻟﻬجوم ؛ وﻓﻲ اﻟواﻗﻊ ﻓﺈن أي‬ ‫ﻋن ﻨﻔسﻪ �ﻔﻌﺎﻟیﺔ �بیرة �ﻌضتﻪ اﻟمؤذ�ﺔ وﻤخﺎﻟبﻪ اﻟطو�ﻠﺔ ﻋند ُ‬

‫اﻟمتوﻓرة‬ ‫ُﻤحتمﻞ ُﯿذ�ر �ﺎﻟطبیﻌﺔ اﻟﻠوﻨیﺔ اﻟتحذﯿر�ﺔ اﻟﻼﻓتﺔ ﻟﻠنظر ﻟوﺠﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ‪ .‬و�ﺎﻟنسبﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟمﻌﻠوﻤﺎت ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر ﻓﻲ ﻟبنﺎن ﺘﻠد ﻓﻲ ﺸﻬر ﻤﺎرس )آذار( أو أﺒر�ﻞ )ﻨیسﺎن( ﻤﺎ ﺒین ﺼﻐیر�ن إﻟﻰ أر�ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﺤیوان ُ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺎر ‪ ،‬وﺘظﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟصﻐﺎر ﻤﻊ واﻟدﯿﻬﺎ ﺤتﻰ ﻓصﻞ اﻟخر�ف )ﻟو�س و ﻟو�س و ﻋطﺎﷲ ‪ ، (1968‬و�ن‬

‫ﺤجم اﻟبطن ﻨﻔسﻪ )ﻋدد ِ‬ ‫اﻟصﻐﺎر( وﻤوﺴم اﻟوﻻدة ﺘم ﺘسجیﻠﻪ أ�ضﺎً ﻓﻲ أرﻤینیﺎ )دال ‪. (1954‬‬

‫‪The Gazan Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens) playing with her capturer‬‬ ‫‪Mohammad Hamdan on Gaza Beach. Picture from a video. 24.04.2021.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS1M6v2pr0Q‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫و�ﻌتبر ﻫذا اﻟحیوان ﻤن اﻟحیواﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺎرﺘﺔ ‪) omnivorous‬اﻟﻘﺎرت‪ :‬ﯿتﻐذى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟمواد اﻟحیواﻨیﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟنبﺎﺘیﺔ ﻤﻌﺎ( ‪ ،‬وﺘتضمن وﺠبتﻪ اﻟحیواﻨﺎت اﻟﻔﻘﺎر�ﺔ اﻟصﻐیرة �ﺎﻟﻘوارض واﻟزواﺤﻒ و�ذﻟك ِ‬ ‫اﻟدﯿدان‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫واﻟحشرات واﻟرﺨو�ﺎت ‪ ،‬و�ذﻟك اﻟﻔواﻛﻪ واﻟثمر اﻟُﻠبﻲ ‪ berries‬واﻟدرﻨﺎت ‪ tubers‬و�صﻼت اﻟنبﺎﺘﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻐر�ر ُ�سبب �ﻌض‬ ‫‪ bulbs‬واﻟبراﻋم اﻟنبﺎﺘیﺔ ‪ buds‬واﻟشﻌیر ‪ . barley‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻤن أن ﺤیوان ُ‬ ‫و�ﻬﺎﺠم أﺤیﺎﻨﺎً اﻟدواﺠن ‪ ،‬إﻻ أﻨﻪ ﺤیوان آﻛﻞ ﻟحم ﻏیر ٍ‬ ‫ﻤؤذ ِﻨسبیﺎً‬ ‫ﻟﻠمنتجﺎت اﻟحرﺠیﺔ واﻟبسﺎﺘین ُ‬ ‫اﻟضرر ُ‬

‫‪ ،‬وﻫو ُ�صطﺎد ﻤن أﺠﻞ ﺠﻠدﻩ وﺸحمﻪ )ﻫﺎر�سون ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ‪. (2015a‬‬ ‫ﻛمﺎ أود أن أذ�ر �ﻌض اﻟﻘیﺎﺴﺎت ﻷﻨثﻰ ُﻏر�ر ﻓﻠسطینیﺔ ﺘم إﺼطیﺎدﻫﺎ ﺒتﺎر�ﺦ ‪ ، 1955/9/21‬وﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤوﺠودة ﻓﻲ ﻤجموﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟم اﻟثدﯿیﺎت اﻟبر�طﺎﻨﻲ د‪ .‬د�ﻔید ﻫﺎر�سون ؛ ﻓبﺎﻟنسبﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟطول اﻟكﻠﻲ ﻟﻠجسم‬

‫ﻓﻘد ﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 750‬ﻤﻠﻠیمت اًر ‪ ،‬واﻟذﯿﻞ ﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻤﻠﻠیمتر ‪ ،‬وطول اﻟﻘدم اﻟخﻠﻔیﺔ ﻤﺎﺌﺔ وﺨمسون ﻤﻠﻠیمت اًر ‪ ،‬وطول‬

‫اﻟجمجمﺔ ﻓﻘد �ﺎﻨت �ﺎﻟتﺎﻟﻲ و�ﻠﻬﺎ �ﺎﻟمﻠﻠیمتر ‪ :‬اﻟطول‬ ‫اﻷذن ‪ 55‬ﻤﻠﻠیمت اًر ‪ .‬أﻤﺎ �ﺎﻟنسبﺔ ﻟﻘیﺎﺴﺎت ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠجمجمﺔ ‪ ، 126‬طول أﺴﺎس اﻟﻠﻘمﺔ ‪ ، 121.6‬ﻋرض اﻟﻌظم اﻟوﺠنﻲ ‪ ، 70.3‬ﻋرض ﻗحﻒ‬ ‫اﻷﻛبر ُ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻠوي ‪ ، 39.9‬ﺼﻒ أﺴنﺎن اﻟﻔك‬ ‫اﻟدﻤﺎغ ‪ ، 49.1‬اﻟضیق اﻟبین ﻤحجري ‪ ، 27‬ﺼﻒ أﺴنﺎن اﻟﻔك ُ‬ ‫اﻟسﻔﻠﻲ ‪) 84.6‬ﻫﺎر�سون ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺨﻠﻒ ‪ 1983a‬؛ ‪ 2014c‬؛ ‪. (2015a‬‬ ‫اﻟسﻔﻠﻲ ‪ ، 46.5‬اﻟﻔك ُ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪A taxidermied specimen of a Persian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) at Al Azhar‬‬ ‫‪University-Gaza, Gaza city, State of Palestine. Photo by Prof. Dr. Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou in‬‬ ‫& ‪2012. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=4095712197117341&set=pcb.4094682243887003‬‬ ‫‪https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6058/35331b116a62ecd5e0a3141405891337a562.pdf?_ga=2.261‬‬ ‫‪02965.98842595.1618773637-1180744425.1618773637&fbclid=IwAR0XlmRbnJRnyrrDTiy‬‬‫‪X1Eew8pT6ALZwLAB-v3Q5CdWOAnIp0tRkyyhSgo‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022‬‬

12

A Persian Badger (Meles meles canescens) in the Rafah Private Zoological Garden, before its demolition with the ground by the Israeli tanks and bulldozers on 19th May 2004. Most of the existing zoo animals including the Persian Badger either escaped or died (Khalaf, 2005b, 2012c; Abd Rabou, 2011b). Photo by Prof. Dr. Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou in 2002-2004. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=4094679330553961&set=pcb.4094682243887003 & https://smujo.id/nb/article/view/949/2981?fbclid=IwAR2YOLpUxPzs9YiErdC07XA9FnMvDx 5_89kzSHN_0VP-xWPFZcqifalwZXY

References and Internet Websites Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah N. (2005). An ecological survey and assessment of Wadi Gaza Nature Reserve, Gaza Strip – Palestine, with particular emphasis on wildlife, [Ph.D. dissertation], Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Sudan.

Abd Rabou, A. N. (2009). On the occurrence of some carnivores in the Gaza Strip, Palestine (Mammalia: Carnivora). Zool. Mid. East 46: 109-112.

Abd Rabou, A. N. (2009). The Zionist siege and its environmental consequences in the Gaza Strip, Palestine ... 61 years after Nakba, May 16-17, 2009, Faculty of Arts, Islamic University of Gaza, 911-933.

Abd Rabou, A. N. (2011a). On the ecology of Wadi Gaza, Gaza Strip: Survey and assessment (Wildlife is focused). Lambert Academic Publishing, Berlin.

Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah N. (2011b). The Palestinian mammalian fauna acquired by the zoological gardens in the Gaza Strip. Nusantara Bioscience. ISSN: 20873948. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 82-91, July 2011.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

13 https://smujo.id/nb/article/view/949/2981?fbclid=IwAR2YOLpUxPzs9YiErd C07XA9FnMvDx5_89kzSHN_0VP-xWPFZcqifalwZXY Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah (16.04.2021). European or Eurasian Badger (Meles meles) records from the Gaza Strip. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/drarabou/posts/4094682243887003 Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah N., Nour J. Musallam, Eman J. Musallam, Kamal E. Elkahlout, Kamal J. Elnabris, Tarek A. El-Bashiti, Ismail I. Abdel Aziz, Reham M. Ishneiwra, Eqbal S. Radwan, Hana S. Saada, Ashraf A. Shafei, Nedal A. Fayyad, Saleh N. Mwafy, Huda E. Abu Amra, Ramy A. Abu Alajeen, Mohammed F. Abu Owda, Randa N. Alfarra, Haifaa A. Hassouna, Reem A. Hassouna, Mohammed R. Al-Agha, Mohammed A. Abd Rabou (December 2020). The Palestinian Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Preserved at the Biology Exhibitions of the Universities of the Gaza Strip. Research in Ecology, Volume 02, Issue 04, pp. 9-21, December 2020. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6058/35331b116a62ecd5e0a3141405891337a56 2.pdf?_ga=2.26102965.98842595.16187736371180744425.1618773637&fbclid=IwAR0XlmRbnJRnyrrDTiyX1Eew8pT6ALZwLAB-v3Q5CdWOAnIp0tRkyyhSgo Abd Rabou, A. N., Yassin, M. M., Al-Agha, M. R., Hamad, D. M., Ali, A. S. (2007). Wild mammals in the Gaza Strip, with particular reference to Wadi Gaza.

Islamic Univ J (Ser Nat Stud Eng) 15 (1): 87-109.

Abu Baker, M. A., Amr, Z. (2002). Status of the Eurasian Badger, Meles meles, in Jordan (Carnivora: Mustelidae). Zool Mid East 27: 13-20.

Abu Taleb, M. H. (2008). Studies on some vertebrates of Gaza Strip – Palestine.

Ph. D. Thesis, Ain Shams University – Egypt / Al-Aqsa University – Palestine.

(The Joint Program for Higher Studies).

Aharoni, I. (1917). Zum Vorkommen der Säugetiere in Palästina und Syrien. Z. Mitt. Dt. Paläst. Ver., 40: 235-242.

Aharoni, Israel (1930). Die Säugetiere Palästinas. Z. Säugetierkd. 5: 327-343.

Al-Dabagh, Mustafa Murad (1985). The Plant and Animal Kingdoms in our Land Palestine, and its relation to the Names of Sites. Beirut. (in Arabic).

Ali-Shtayeh, M.S., Hamad A.K. (1997). Biodiversity in Palestine: West Bank and Gaza Strip, (pp. 469-529). In: Proceedings of the Arab experts meeting on biodiversity in the Arab world (Ed. ACSAD: The Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands (Damascus) and the Technical Secretary of the League of the Arab States (Cairo). 1-5 October 1995, Cairo, Egypt.

ACSAD/AS/P171/1997. Damascus.

Al-Jumaily, M. M. (1998). Review of the mammals of the Republic of Yemen.

Fauna of Saudi Arabia 17: 477-502.

Allen, G. M. (1915). Mammals obtained by the Phillips Palestine Expedition. Bull.

Comp. Zool. Harv. Uni. 59: 3-14.

Amr, Z. S. (2000). Jordan country study on biological diversity: Mammals of Jordan. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Amman.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

14

‫اﻟمدﯿر اﻟتنﻔیذي ﻟجمﻌیﺔ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر‬ ُ ُ : ‫ ﺘصو�ر‬. 2012 ‫ دوﻟﺔ ﻓﻠسطین ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم‬، ‫)اﻟﻐر�ري( اﻟﻔﺎرﺴﻲ أو اﻟﻘوﻗﺎزي ﻓﻲ ﺒیت ﺴﺎﺤور‬ . ‫اﻟحیﺎة اﻟبر�ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین اﻷﺴتﺎذ ﻋمﺎد اﻷطرش‬ A Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens) in Beit Sahour, Palestine in 2012.

Photograph by Mr. Imad Atrash, Executive Director of the Palestine Wildlife Society.

Amr, Zuhair S. & Disi, A. M. (1988). Jordanian Mammals acquired by the Jordan University Natural History Museum. Dirasat Nat. Sci., Amman. 15: 3-32.

Amr, Zuhair S., Kalishaw, G., Yousef, M., Chilcot, B. J., Al-Budari, Adnan (1996).

Carnivores of Dana Nature Reserve (Carnivora: Canidae, Hyaenidae, and Felidae), Jordan. Zool Mid East 13:5-16. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09397140.1996.10637701 Amr, Zuhair S., S. Woodbury, and A. M. Disi (1987). On a collection of mammals from Jordan. Dirasat Nat. Sci. (Amman), 14: 131-136.

Anonymous (1945). Further notes on Palestine Mammals. Bull. Jerusalem Nat. Club 12:1.

Anonymous (1946). The Schmitz Collection of Mammals. Bull. Jerusalem Nat. Club 23:1-2.

Appendix (2): Classification and Environmental Information on Mammals in Palestine. Palestinian National Information Centre, Palestinian National Authority, Palestine. www.pnic.gov.ps/english/Environment/Environment_Appendices.htm Araf, Dr. Shukri (1992). Palestinian Sites between two Eras and Maps. Jerusalem. (in Arabic).

Atallah, Sana Issa (1966). Mammalogy. In: International Jordan Expedition 1966.

(Boyd, J. M., ed.). Nature, London, 212:664-666.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

15 Atallah, S. I. (1967). A collection of mammals from El-Jafr, southern Jordan.

Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 32(5):307-309.

Atallah, Dr. Sana Issa (1977). The Mammals of the Eastern Mediterranean region: their ecology, systematics and zoogeographical relationships (part 1).

Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen. 25: 241-320.

Atallah, Dr. Sana Issa (1978). The Mammals of the Eastern Mediterranean region: their ecology, systematics and zoogeographical relationships (part 2).

Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen. 26: 1-50.

Atallah, Dr. Sana Issa. Children for the Protection of Nature in Palestine Home Page.

Bate, D.M.A. (1952). The Pleistocene mammal faunas of Palestine and East Africa.

Proc. Pan-Afr. Congr. Prehist., Oxford, 1947: 38-39.

Bodenheimer, F. S. (1935). Animal Life in Palestine: An Introduction to the Problems of animal Ecology and Zoogeography. L. Mayer Pub. Jerusalem. xiii + 506 pp.

Bodenheimer, F. S. (1937). Prodromus Fauna Palestinae. Mem. Inst. Egypt., Cairo.

33: 47-51.

Bodenheimer, F. S. (1958). The Present Taxonomic Status of the Terrestrial Mammals of Palestine. Bull. Research Council of Israel, Zoology. Vol. 7B: 165189.

Bodenheimer, F. S. (1960). Animal and Man in Bible Lands. E.J. Brill Publ. Leiden. pp. 232.

Bunaian, F., Hatough, A., Ababaneh, D., Mashaqbeh, S., Yousef, M., Amr, Zuhair (2001). The carnivores of the Northeastern Badia, Jordan. Turkish Journal Zool.

25: 19-25.

Clarke, J. E. (1977, 1979). Some personal experiences of conservation in dry land.

Black Lechwe, 13: 6-9.

Dahl, S.K. (1954). The Animal World of the Armenian S.S.R., Vol. 1. Vertebrates.

Part 2. Mammals. Zoological Institute, Yerevan, 415 pp.

Dayan, T. and E. Tchernov (1988). On the first occurrence of the common weasel (Mustela nivalis) in the fossil record of Israel. Mammalia, 52: 165-168.

Elliman, Wendy and Dr. Ortal, Reuven. Flora and Fauna in Israel. Focus on Israel. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Home Page.

Ferguson, Walter W. (2002). The Mammals of Israel. Written and Illustrated by: Walter W. Ferguson, and Edited by: Susan Menache. Gefen Publishing House, Jerusalem and New York. pps. 160.

Gasperetti, J., Harrison, David L., Büttiker, W. (1985). The Carnivora of Arabia.

Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 7: 397-461.

Gross, C. (1987). Mammals of the Southern Gulf. Arabian Heritage Series, Motivate Publishing, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Harrison, David L. (1964). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 1. Introduction, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Primates. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xx + 192 pp.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

16

‫اﻟمدﯿر اﻟتنﻔیذي ﻟجمﻌیﺔ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻐر�ر‬ ُ ُ : ‫ ﺘصو�ر‬. 2012 ‫ دوﻟﺔ ﻓﻠسطین ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم‬، ‫)اﻟﻐر�ري( اﻟﻔﺎرﺴﻲ أو اﻟﻘوﻗﺎزي ﻓﻲ ﺒیت ﺴﺎﺤور‬ . ‫اﻟحیﺎة اﻟبر�ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین اﻷﺴتﺎذ ﻋمﺎد اﻷطرش‬ A Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens) in Beit Sahour, Palestine in 2012.

Photograph by Mr. Imad Atrash, Executive Director of the Palestine Wildlife Society.

Harrison, David L. (1968). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 2. Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Hyracoidea. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xiv + 193-381 pp.

Harrison, David L. (1972). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 3. Lagomorpha and Rodentia. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xvii + 384-670.

Harrison, David L. (1981). Mammals of the Arabian Gulf. George Allen & Unwin, London, pps. 92.

Harrison, David L. and Bates, P. J. (1991). The Mammals of Arabia. second edition. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, Kent. xvi+ 354.

Harrison, David L. and R. E. Lewis (1964). A Note on the Occurrence of the Weasel (Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766) (Carnivora: Mustelinae) in Lebanon.

Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 29:3, 179-181.

Hatough-Bouran, A. and A. M. Disi (1991). History, distribution, and conservation of large mammals and their habitats in Jordan. Environ. Conserv., 18: 19-44.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

17 Hatt, R.T. (1959). The Mammals of Iraq. Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan.

Number 106. pps. 113.

Hoath, R. (2003). A field guide to the mammals of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Egypt.

Ilani, G. (1977). Zoogeographical and ecological survey of carnivores: Mammalian carnivora in Israel and the administered areas. Israel Journal of Zoology, 26(3/4):25.

Ilani, G. (1979). Zoogeographical and ecological survey of carnivores in Israel and administered areas. Israel Nature Reserves Authority, Tel Aviv, Israel.

A Caucasian Badger that was run over and killed in the Al-Asara area in Liwaa Bani Ubaid, south of the Jordanian city of Irbid, on 01.07.2011.

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1980). Tabie’t Al-Talawon fi Al-Haywanat (The Colouration of Animals). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 1. January 1980, Safar 1401. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 4-5. (in Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman (1982). A’maar Al-Haywanat (Animal Ages). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 18, Third Year, First Semester, Saturday 6.11.1982. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 7. (in Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman (1983a). Haywan Al-Ghurair (Al-Gharir) fi Falestin wa Shibeh Al-Jazeera Al-Arabia (The Badger in Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula). AlKhalisah Bulletin. The National Palestinian Assemblage. Kuwait University, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

18 State of Kuwait. First Year. Number 2. February 1983. pp. 12 -13. (in Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman (1983b). Ta’qib ‘Ala Maqal ‘Ilmi: Haywan Al-Ghurair (AlGharir) (A Scientific Comment: The Badger). Al-Khalisah Bulletin. The National Palestinian Assemblage. Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. First Year. Number 3. April 1983. pp. 20. (in Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1983c). The Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) in the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. First Year.

Number 2. August 1983. pp. 1-30. Hanweiler, Saarland, Federal Republic of Germany. (in Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1983d). The Brown Bear in Palestine and the rest of the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. First Year.

Number 3. November 1983. pp. 1-6. Al Salimiah, State of Kuwait. (in Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1984-1985). The Weasel Project: Scientific Research on captive weasels (Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766) in the Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Durham, England, during the Academic Year 1984-1985. Supervisor: Dr. Nigel Dunstone. Unpublished scientific research and data & scientific diary. Research Notebook. pp. 1-56.

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1987). A Trip to Kuwait Zoo, State of Kuwait.

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. Fifth Year, Number 13, Ramadan 1407 AH, April 1987 AD. pp. 1-5. (in Arabic).

Khalaf-von Palästina, Norman Ali Bassam (1988). The Honey Badger in Kuwait Zoo, State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. RilchingenHanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 18, Sixth Year, Rabie’ Alakher 1409 AH, November 1988 AD. pp. 1-2. (in Arabic).

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). A Trip to Zoo Budapest, Hungary.

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 21, Ninth Year, January 1991. pp. 1-4.

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). The Otter (Lutra lutra) in Palestine.

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 22, Ninth Year, February 1991. pp. 1-4.

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). Notes on the Biological Ecology of the Marshes in Southern Iraq. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 29, Tenth Year, September 1992. pp. 1-9. (in Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). The United Nations Ecological Report confirms: The Regime of Saddam is destroying the Marshes (Al-Ahwar) Ecosystem. Sawt Al-Kuwait International Newspaper. Saturday 17 October 1992, 21 Rabi’e Al-Thani 1412. pp. 15. (in Arabic).

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Gazelle. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 30, Tenth Year, October 1992. pp. 1-7. (in Arabic).

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

19 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement).

Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan 1994. pp. 16-21. (in Arabic).

Acquaintance Card: Majallet Al-Ghazzal (Gazelle Magazine): The Palestinian Biological Bulletin, Bonn, Germany. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine.

Number 4. Huzairan 1994. pp. 51-52. (in Arabic).

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). A Palestinian Zoologist: Dr. Sana Issa Atallah. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page.

Environmental Affairs 2 and Dinosaurs. http://gazelle.8m.net/custom3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Extinct and Endangered Animals in Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). Threatened Mammals. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Syrian Bear. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Homepage. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Mustelids of Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Homepage. Mammals in Palestine and the Book “Mammalia Arabica”. http://gazelle.8m.net/catalog.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Common Weasel. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Homepage. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-0141219. Erste Auflage / First Edition, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten / Pages. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004: 460 Seiten / Pages. Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005a). The Mammals in Dubai Zoo, Dubai City, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological bulletin. Number 45, Twenty-third Year, September 2005, Sha’ban 1426. pp. 1-14. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (in Arabic).

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005b). The Rafah Zoo in the Rafah Refugee Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

20 Camp, Gaza Strip, Palestine: A Story of Destruction by the Israeli Occupation Army. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 46, Twenty-third Year, October 2005, Ramadan 1426. pp. 1-11. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (in Arabic).

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (2005c). The Qalqilia Zoo and the Natural History Museum in the City of Qalqilia, West Bank, Occupied Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal 1426. pp. 1-10. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (in Arabic).

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (Member of PALESTA) (2005d).

Palestinian Scientists and Technologists Abroad (PALESTA). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal 1426. pp. 11-12. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (in Arabic).

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine / Die Säugetiere Palästinas. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 55, Twenty-fourth Year, July 2006, Jumada AlThania 1427.pp. 1-46. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://archive.is/xmclD & http://web.archive.org/web/20080315233525/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Mammalia_Palaestina1.html (Part 1) & http://web.archive.org/web/20090403201333/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Mammalia_Palaestina2.html (Part 2).

A Caucasian Badger that was run over and killed in the Al-Asara area in Liwaa Bani Ubaid, south of the Jordanian city of Irbid, on 01.07.2011.

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

21 Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 300-017294-7. Erste Auflage, Juli 2006, 484 pp. Norman Ali Khalaf, RilchingenHanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://dr-norman-alikhalaf-books.webs.com/mammaliaarabica.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). The Mustelids of Palestine. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006. pp. 151. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mjzf_I_b8wTX_BHd1RsuU4ykhJlIKW2/view?usp=sharing Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region.

In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006. pp. 286-293. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, RilchingenHanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mjzf_I_b8wTX_BHd1RsuU4ykhJlIKW2/view?usp=sharing Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region.

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 57, Twenty-fourth Year, September 2006. pp. 1-7. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://web.archive.org/web/20080320083547/http://www.geocities.com./jaffa city/Weasel_Palestine.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). The Mustelids of Palestine. http://web.archive.org/web/20080820200053/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Palestine_Mustelid.html Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008).

Carnivora Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 2005-2008. / Carnivora Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 2005-2008. First Edition, September 2008, Ramadan 1429 AH. 396 pps. Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. ISBN 9789948-03-459-9. (In Arabic, English and German). http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/carnivoraarabica.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region.

In: Carnivora Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 2005-2008. / Carnivora Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

22 Arabien und Europa zwischen 2005-2008. ISBN 978-9948-03-459-9. First Edition: September 2008. pp. 71-78. Self-Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf, Sharjah, http://drUnited Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler,Deutschland. norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/carnivoraarabica.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59551346/book-carnivoraarabica-by-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-2008 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008).

Carnivora Palaestina: The Carnivores of Palestine / Die Raubtiere Palästinas.

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 82, October 2008, Shawal 1429 AH. pp. 1-25. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://de.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Fauna_Arabica/conversations/mes sages/31 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009a). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/

Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875). https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkaukasischer_Dachs#/media/Datei:MelesCanescens.jpg

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009b). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

23 Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009c). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009. pp. 185-192. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/59498633/fauna-palaestina-1book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-2009 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2010). Fauna Emiratus Part One. Zoological Studies in the United Arab Emirates between 2004 - 2009. / Fauna Emiratus – Teil Eins. Zoologische Studien in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zwischen 2004 - 2009. ISBN 978-9948-15-462-4. Erste Auflage/First Edition, November 2010: 350 Seiten / Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunaemiratuspart1.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012a). Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition: July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. 208 Seiten / Pages (Arabic Part 120 Pages and the English Part 88 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2012b). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition : July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. pp. 69-77. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59602956/fauna-palaestinapart-2-book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2012 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012c). The Rafah Zoo in the Rafah Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip, Palestine: A Story of Destruction by the Israeli Occupation Army. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

24 First Edition: July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. pp. 101-108. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. (Article in Arabic).

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Fauna Palaestina – Part Three.

Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Drei.

Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7.

Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. 364 pages (English Part 350 Pages and the Arabic Part 14 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart3.htm Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2014a).

Killing Incidents of Wild Animals in the State of Palestine in 2013. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Volume 32, Number 109, January 2014, Rabiea Al Awal 1435 AH. pp. 1-17. Dubai and Sharjah, United http://animals-of-palestine.webs.com/killing-incidents-ofArab Emirates. animals

A trapped Persian Common Badger (Meles meles canescens) which died from its wounds to the East of Qaffin 1 near Fraseen Area, Tulkarm Governorate, State of Palestine. Info by: Ahmad Al Qassem, Palestine Wildlife Society. 20.08.2013. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=655432797800277&set=a.646198855390338.107374 1863.199819240028304&type=3&theater

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

25 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014b). Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pps. 456 (English part 378 pp. & Arabic part 78 pp.) Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestinapart-1.webs.com/faunapalaestina4.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014c). Haywan Al-Ghurair (AlGhurairy) Al-Farisi fi Filastin wa Shibeh Al-Jazeera Al-Arabia / The Persian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) in Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 16-36. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine.

Two road-killed Persian Common Badgers (Meles meles canescens) near the Triangle of Qaffin, Tulkarm Governorate, State of Palestine. Info by: Ahmad Al Qassem. 30.08.2013 www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=660595873950636&set=t.1449797798&type=3&theater

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014d). Killing Incidents of Wild Animals in the State of Palestine in 2013. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Four.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

26 Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Vier.

Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7.

Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 246-270. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine.

Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015a).

Haywan Al-Ghurair (Al-Ghurairy) Al-Farisi fi Filastin wa Shibeh Al-Jazeera AlArabia / The Persian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) in Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Volume 33, Number 123, March 2015. pp. 1-17. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (in Arabic). http://animals-ofpalestine.webs.com/persian-badger Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2015b). Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Fünf. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2016. ISBN 978-9950383-92-0. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. 448 pp.

(English Part 304 Pages and the Arabic Part 144 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://faunapalaestina-books.webs.com/& eBook (Google Drive): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C9Vo6oBn4AAYB7XnpeIGgEXgOBZFzar6/v iew?usp=sharing Khalaf, Norman Ali (17 August 2019). Research on Durham Weasels 1984/85. ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺣﯿﻮان إﺑﻦ ﻋﺮس ﻓﻲ دورھﺎم‬. Facebook. Photo Album. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/media_set?set=a.10157382702 789831&type=3 Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (August 2020). The Weasel Project: Scientific Research on captive weasels (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in the Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Durham, England, during the Academic Year 1984-1985. Supervisor: Dr. Nigel Dunstone.

Scientific Research and Data & Scientific Diary. Research Notebook. pp. 1-56.

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 38, Number 188, August 2020, pp. 1-56. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://carnivores-of-palestine2.webs.com/weasels-in-durham & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/weasel_project_zoology_department_durham_universit Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (September 2020). The Weasel Project: Scientific Research on captive weasels (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in the Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Durham, England, during the Academic Year 1984-1985 (Part Two). Documents, Data and Activity Charts & Graphs. Supervisor: Dr. Nigel Dunstone. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 38, Number 189, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

27 September 2020, pp. 1-32. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of https://carnivores-of-palestinePalestine, Gaza, State of Palestine.

2.webs.com/weasels-in-durham & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/weasel_project_2 Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali (17.04.2021a). A rare record from the Gaza Strip: A Badger (Meles meles) was caught alive from the eastern boundaries of Gaza City on 14.04.2021. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159077072824831 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (8 May 2021b). Ghurair Caucasi (Caucasian Badger). ‫ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬. Wikipedia Arabic. http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ_ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (10 May 2021c). Wait for my next scientific article on the rare presence of Caucasian Badgers (Meles meles canescens) in the Gaza Strip. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159127512124831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (November 2022). Rare Records of the Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) from the Gaza Strip, and a review of its distribution in Palestine and the northern Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin.

ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 40, Number 215, November 2022, pp. 1-31. Published

by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). https://palestinestamps.webs.com/persian-badger

. 01.07.2011 ‫اﻟﻐر�ر اﻟذي ﺘم دﻫسﻪ وﻗتﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤنطﻘﺔ اﻟﻌصﺎرة ﻓﻲ ﻟواء ﺒنﻲ ﻋبید ﺠنوب ﻤدﯿنﺔ إر�د اﻷردﻨیﺔ ﺒتﺎر�ﺦ‬ ُ ‫ﺤیوان‬ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

28 Kingdon, J. (1990). Arabian mammals: a natural history. Academic Press, London.

Kock, D.; Kinzelbach, R. (1982). Der Dachs, Meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in NW-Syrien.

Zeitschrift Für Säugetierkunde. Volume 47 (5), Verlag Paul Parey Hamburg und Berlin (Deutschland, Germany) 1982.

Kruukm, Hans and Kack, Lil De (1981). Food and Habitat of Badgers on Monte Baldo, Northern Italy. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. Volume 46 (5). Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin (Deutschland, Germany). 1981.

Lewis, R. E. and Dr. Sana Issa Atallah (1966). A note on the occurrence of Mellivora capensis ssp. in Northern Saudi Arabia (Mellivorinae: Mustelidae). Zeit.

F. Säugetierkd., 31 (1966) 115: 390.

Lewis, R. E.; Lewis, J. H.; and Dr. Sana Issa Atallah (1968). A review of Lebanese mammals. Carnivora, Pinnipedia, Hyracoidea and Artiodactyla. J. of Zool.

(London) 154: 517-531.

Masseti, Marco (1995). Quaternary Biogeography of the Mustelidae Family on the Mediterranean Islands. Proc. II It. Symp. on Carnivores. Hystrix, (n.s.) 7 (1-2) (1995): 17-34.

Masseti, Marco (2009). Carnivores of Syria. In: Neubert, E., Amr, Z., Taiti, S. and Gumus, B. (Eds): Animal diversity in the Middle East. Proceedings of the 1st Middle Eastern Biodiversity Congress, Aqaba, Jordan 20-23 October 2008, ZooKeys, 31: 229-252.

Mendelssohn, H., Yom-Tov, Y. (1999). Fauna Palaestina: Mammalia of Israel. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Keterpress Enterprises, 439 pp.

Nader, I. A. (1989). Rare and endangered mammals of Saudi Arabia. In: AbuZinada, A.H., Goriup, P. D., Nader, I. A. (eds): Proceedings of the First Symposium Wildlife Conservation and Development in Saudi Arabia. February 1987. National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development, Riyadh, S.A. Nader, I. A. (1990). Checklist of the mammals of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 11: 329-381.

Nader, I. A. (1996). Distribution and status of predators in Saudi Arabia. J. Wildlife Res, 1:210-214.

Neal, Ernest G. (1977). Badgers. Blandford Press: Poole Dorset. England 1977. Özkurt, Ş., M. Sözen, N. YİĞİT, E. Çolak (1998). Notes on distributional records and some characteristics of five carnivore species (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Turkey. Turkish J. Zool. 22: 285-288.

Orni, Efraim and Elisha Efrat (1966). Geography of Israel. Second Revised Edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 363 pp.

Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (2000). Biodiversity in Palestinian territory. Ramallah, Palestine.

Palestinian Institute for Arid Land and Environmental Studies (1996). A

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

29 preliminary investigation of biodiversity in Palestine: Problems and prospects, West Bank, Palestine.

Prince, F. P. G. (2001). Research in zoological gardens. Lutra, 44 (2): 75-80.

A Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens) in Beit Sahour, Palestine in 2012.

Photograph by Mr. Imad Atrash, Executive Director of the Palestine Wildlife Society.

Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (1992). Review of “Mammals of Arabia” by D.L. Harrison and P.J. Bates. J. Mammal., 73: 228-229.

Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (1996). Mammals of the Holy Land. Texas Tech University Press. pps. 389.

Qumsiyeh, Mazin B., Amr, Zuhair, S., Shafee, D. (1993). The status and conservation of carnivores in Jordan. Mammalia, 57 (1): 55-62.

Sanborn, C. C. (1940). Mammals from Iraq. Appendix F, pps. 156-162 in Field, H. The Anthropology of Iraq. Pt. I. No. 1. The Upper Euphrates. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Anthrop. Ser. 30.

Serhal, A. (1985). Wild mammals of Lebanon. Rihani House Est, Beirut.

Temple, H.J., Cuttelod, A. (2008). The status and distribution of Mediterranean mammals. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), New York.

The Father Schmitz Collection. https://smnh.tau.ac.il/en/the-father-schmitzcollection/ Tristram, H. B. (1866). Report on the Mammals of Palestine. Proc. Zool. Soc. London.1866: 84-93.

Tristram, H. B. (1867). The Natural History of the Bible. Society for the Promotion Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

30 of Christian Knowledge Publ. London. 515 pp.

Tristram, H. B. (1884). The Fauna and Flora of Palestine. The Survey of Western Palestine. Palestine Exploration Fund, London. 455 pp.

UNEP (2003). Desk study on the environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya.

Wikipedia. Europäischer Dachs. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ischer_Dachs Wikipedia. European Badger. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_badger Wikipedia. Ghurair Caucasi. ‫ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬.http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ_ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬ Wikipedia. Ghurair Europi. ‫ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ أوروﺑﻲ‬. https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3 %D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A Wikipedia. Haywanat Filastin. ‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ‬. by: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa. (in Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86% D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Wikipedia. Transkaukasischer Dachs. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkaukasischer_Dachs Yassin, M. M., Abd Rabou, A. N., Al-Agha, M. R. (2006). Preliminary survey of terrestrial vertebrate fauna and people’s awareness towards wildlife in the Northern Governorate of the Gaza Strip. Al-Azhar Bull Sci: Zool. Bot. 17(1):17-41.

A Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens) in Beit Sahour, Palestine in 2012.

Photograph by Mr. Imad Atrash, Executive Director of the Palestine Wildlife Society.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022

31 Yom-Tov, Y. (1988). The zoogeography of the birds and mammals of Israel. In: Yom-Tov Y, Techernov E (eds.). The zoogeography of Israel: The distribution and abundance at a zoogeographical crossroad. ed., Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.

Yom-Tov, Y. (2003). Poaching of Israeli wildlife by guest workers. Biol Conserv, 110: 11-20. . ‫ ﺤیﺎة ﻓﻠسطین اﻟبر�ﺔ‬: ‫ﻓیسبوك‬ https://www.facebook.com/PalestineWild/posts/600535690027808?stream_ref =10 . (‫ و�ﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻨبﺎء واﻟمﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻟﻔﻠسطینیﺔ )وﻓﺎ‬. ‫اﻟحیﺎة اﻟحیواﻨیﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین‬ http://www.wafainfo.ps/atemplate.aspx?id=2378 ‫ ﺘﻘر�ر‬.. "‫ ﻤواطن ﯿتمكن ﻤن ﻗتﻞ ﺤیوان ﻏر�ب اﻟشكﻞ دﻫسﺎً �مر�بتﻪ ﻓجر "اﻟجمﻌﺔ‬. ‫ﻤوﻗﻊ "اﻟحﻘیﻘﺔ اﻟدوﻟیﺔ" اﻷردﻨﻲ‬ . 01.07.2011 . ‫ ز�د اﻟمراﺸدة‬. ‫ُﻤصور‬ http://www.factjo.com/pages/fullnews.aspx?id=28422 . ‫ ﯿوﺘیوب‬. ‫ )اﻟﻐر�ر( اﻟحیوان اﻟذي �خشﺎﻩ اﻟجمیﻊ ﻤﻊ ﻤحمد ﺤمدان‬. (24.04.2021) ‫ﻤحمد ﺤمدان‬ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS1M6v2pr0Q

. ‫ وﯾﻜﯿﺒﯿﺪﯾﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬. ‫ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬.(2021 ‫ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬8) ‫ ﻧﻮرﻣﺎن ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺎم ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﯿﺎﻓﺎوي‬.‫ د‬.‫أ‬ ‫ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ_ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/

The English Zoologist William Thomas Blanford who named the Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens) in 1875

َ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ �ِ رب‬ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 –Volume 40 – Number 215 – November 2022