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1. A saturated solution
A. contains more solute than solvent.
B. contains more solvent than solute.
C. contains equal moles of solute and solvent.
D. contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in that solvent at that temperature.
E. contains a solvent with only sigma bonds and no pi bonds (i.e. only single bonds, with no double or triple bonds).
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.01
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
2.
Which one of the following would be immiscible with water? A A B. B C. C D. D E. E
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.02
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-2
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
A.
is never positive (Hsoln 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is never weaker than the combination of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction.
B. is always positive (Hsoln > 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is always weaker than the combination of the solutesolute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction.
C.
is always zero (Hsoln = 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is defined as the average of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction.
D.
is always negative (Hsoln < 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is always stronger than the combination of the solutesolute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction.
E.
may be positive, zero, or negative, depending on the relative strength of the solute-solvent, solute-solute, and solvent-solvent attractive forces.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.02
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-3
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4. Which response lists all the following pairs that are miscible liquids?
Pair #1: octane (C8H18) and water
Pair #2: acetic acid (CH3COOH) and water
Pair #3: octane (C8H18) and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)
A. 1, 3
B. 1, 2
C. 3
D. 2
E. 2, 3
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.02
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
5. In which of the following solvents would you expect KBr to be most soluble?
A. C6H14 (hexane)
B. CH3CH2OH (ethanol)
C. C6H6 (benzene)
D. CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride)
E. C6H12 (cyclohexane)
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.02
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-4
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6. Which of the following liquids would make a good solvent for iodine, I2?
A. HCl
B. H2O
C. CH3OH
D. NH3
E. CS2
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.02
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
7. Which of the following compounds should be soluble in CCl4?
A. NaCl
B. H2O
C. NaOH
D. C8H18
E. None of these
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.02
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
8. An endothermic solution process is described by which of the following?
A.
H > 0, solution feels cold
B.
H > 0, solution feels hot
C.
H < 0, solution feels cold
D.
H < 0, solution feels hot
E.
H = 0
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.02
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-6
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9. An exothermic solution process is described by which of the following?
A.
H > 0, solution feels cold
B.
H > 0, solution feels hot
C.
H < 0, solution feels cold
D.
H < 0, solution feels hot
E.
H = 0
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.02
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
10. Calculate the mole fraction of KI in a solution made by dissolving 3.4 g of KI in 5.8 g of water.
A. 0.060
B. 0.064
C. 0.37
D. 0.59
E. 6.4
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11. Calculate the mass percent of HOCH2CH2OH in a solution made by dissolving 3.2 g of HOCH2CH2OH in 43.5g of water.
A. 2.9%
B. 6.9%
C. 7.4%
D. 22%
E. 29%
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12. A 9.50 % by mass solution of acetone (C3H6O) in water has a density of 0.9849 g/mL at 20C. What is the molarity of this solution?
A. 0.621 M
B. 1.61 M
C. 1.66 M
D. 1.71 M
E. 16.9 M
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
13. A 15.00 % by mass solution of lactose (C12H22O11, 342.30 g/mol) in water has a density of 1.0602 g/mL at 20C. What is the molarity of this solution?
A. 0.03097 M
B. 0.4133 M
C. 0.4646 M
D. 1.590 M
E. 3.097 M
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
14. A 20.0 % by mass solution of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in water has a density of 1.114 g/mL at 20C. What is the molarity of this solution?
A. 0.0114 M
B. 0.0568 M
C. 0.114 M
D. 2.27 M
E. 11.4 M
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-9
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15. Which of the following gives the molarity of a 17.0% by mass solution of sodium acetate, CH3COONa (molar mass = 82.0 g/mol) in water? The density of the solution is 1.09 g/mL.
A. 2.26 10
B. 0.207 M
C. 2.07 M
D. 2.26 M
E. 2.72 M
6 M
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
16. What is the molarity of a solution that is 7.00% by mass magnesium sulfate and has a density of 1.071 g/mL?
A. 0.0890 M
B. 0.496 M
C. 0.543 M
D. 0.623 M
E. 1.32 M
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-10
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17. A solution that is 33.6 % by mass of phenol (C6H5OH) in water is prepared. What is the mole fraction of the phenol?
A. 0.0969
B. 0.0643
C. 0.0883
D. 0.0604
E. 0.357
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
18. A 1.35 m solution of NaOCl in water is prepared. What is the mole fraction of the NaOCl?
A. 0.0135
B. 0.0243
C. 0.0271
D. 0.0237
E. 0.0263
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
19. What is the molality of an aqueous KBr solution with a mole fraction of KBr, X, equal to 0.245?
A. 0.325 m
B. 0.682 m
C. 13.6 m
D. 18.0 m
E. 29.2 m
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
20. What is the percent by mass of a Na2SO4 solution in water with a mole fraction of
Na2SO4, X = 0.350?
A. 2.76%
B. 4.25%
C. 19.1%
D. 73.4 %
E. 80.9%
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-12
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21. A 23.0% by mass LiCl solution is prepared in water. What is the mole fraction of the water?
A. 0.113
B. 0.127
C. 0.873
D. 0.887
E. 0.911
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
22. What is the percent CdSO4 by mass in a 1.00 m aqueous CdSO4 solution?
A. 1.00 10–3 %
B. 0.100 %
C. 17.2 %
D. 20.8 %
E. 24.4 %
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
23. Determine the mass percent HCl in a 1.2 M solution of hydrochloric acid with a density of 1.019 g/mL.
A. 3.0 %
B. 4.3 %
C. 8.6 %
D. 13%
E. 30. %
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
24. What is the percent CsCl by mass in a 0.711 M CsCl solution that has a density of 1.091 g/mL?
A. 3.87 10–4 %
B. 3.87 10–1 %
C. 11.0 %
D. 1.10 %
E. 6.50 10–2 %
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-14
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25. Calculate the percent by mass of potassium nitrate in a solution made from 45.0 g KNO3 and 295 mL of water. The density of water is 0.997 g/mL.
A. 1.51 %
B. 7.57 %
C. 13.3 %
D. 15.2 %
E. None of these
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
26. How many grams of water are needed to dissolve 27.8 g of ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 in order to prepare a 0.452 m solution?
A. 769 g
B. 36.2 g
C. 100. g
D. 0.157 g
E. 157 g
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-15
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27. In how many grams of water should 25.31 g of potassium nitrate (KNO3) be dissolved to prepare a 0.1982 m solution?
A. 250.0 g
B. 792.0 g
C. 1000. g
D. 1,263 g
E. 7,917 g
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
28. Calculate the molality of a solution containing 14.3 g of NaCl in 42.2 g of water.
A. 2.45 10–4 m
B. 5.80 10–4 m
C. 2.45 10–1 m
D. 103 m
E. 5.80 m
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
29. What is the molality of a solution that is 3.68 % by mass calcium chloride?
A. 0.0332 m
B. 0.332 m
C. 0.344 m
D. 0.464 m
E. 0.506 m
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-16
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30. What is the mass percent CH3OH of a 0.256 m CH3OH(aq) solution?
A. 0.819 %
B. 0.992 %
C. 1.23 %
D. 1.29 %
E. 1.51 %
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
31. Calculate the molality of a 20.0% by mass ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 solution. The density of the solution is 1.117 g/mL.
A. 0.150 m
B. 1.51 m
C. 1.70 m
D. 1.89 m
E. 2.10 m
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
32. Calculate the molality of 6.0 M H2SO4 solution. The density of the solution is 1.34 g/mL.
A. 4.48 m
B. 7.98 m
C. 8.10 m
D. 8.43 m
E. 10.2 m
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-17
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33. The density of a 20.3 M CH3OH (methanol) solution is 0.858 g/mL. What is the molality of this solution? H2O is the solvent.
A. 17.4 m
B. 20.8 m
C. 23.7 m
D. 70.0 m
E. 97.6 m
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
34. Calculate the molality of a 15.0% by mass solution of MgCl2 in H2O. The density of this solution is 1.127 g/mL.
A. 0.0134 m
B. 0.157 m
C. 1.58 m
D. 1.86 m
E. 11.8 m
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-18
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35. Which of the following aqueous solutions has the largest molality of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH)?
A. 3.5 m C6H5COOH
B. mole fraction, X = 0.050 C6H5COOH
C. 2.50 mass % C6H5COOH
D. 3.2 g C6H5COOH in 650. g of H2O
E. 1.5 moles C6H5COOH in 65.0 moles of H2O
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
36. Which of the following solutions has the largest molality of HCl?
A. 4.5 m HCl
B. mole fraction, X = 0.110 HCl
C. 15.0 mass % HCl
D. 10.5 g HCl in 750 g of H2O
E. 3.6 moles HCl in 45.0 moles of H2O
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
37. The solubility of gases in water usually increases with
A. increasing pressure and increasing temperature.
B. increasing temperature and decreasing pressure.
C. decreasing temperature and increasing pressure.
D. decreasing temperature and decreasing pressure.
E. increasing temperature only.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.04
Subtopic: Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-19
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38. Which of the following gases is expected to have a higher solubility in water than what is predicted using Henry's law?
A. N2
B. CH4
C. Ar
D. NH3
E. H2
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.04
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
39. Oxygen gas makes up 21 % of the atmosphere by volume. What is the solubility of O2(g) in water at 25C if the atmospheric pressure is 741 mmHg? The Henry's law constant for oxygen gas at 25C is 1.3 10–3 mol/L·atm.
A. 2.7 10
4 M
B. 1.3 10–3 M
C. 6.2 10–3 M
D. 9.6 10–3 M
E. 0.96 M
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.05
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-20
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40. The solubility of nitrogen gas at 25C and a nitrogen pressure of 522 mmHg is 4.7 10–4 mol/L. What is the value of the Henry's Law constant in mol/L·atm?
A. 9.0 10–7 mol/L·atm
B. 3.2 10–4 mol/L·atm
C. 4.7 10–4 mol/L·atm
D. 6.8 10–4 mol/L·atm
E. 1.5 103 mol/L·atm
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.05
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
41. The solubility of oxygen in lakes high in the Rocky Mountains is affected by the altitude. If the solubility of O2 from the air is 2.67 10–4 M at sea level and 25C, what is the solubility of O2 at an elevation of 12,000 ft where the atmospheric pressure is 0.657 atm? Assume the temperature is 25C, and that the mole fraction of O2 in air is 0.209 at both 12,000 ft and at sea level.
A. 3.66 10
B. 1.75 10
C. 2.67 10
5 M
4 M
4 M
D. 4.06 10–4 M
E. None of the above.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.05
Subtopic: Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-21
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42. At 10C one volume of water dissolves 3.10 volumes of chlorine gas at 1.00 atm pressure. What is the Henry's Law constant in mol/L·atm?
A. 0.043
B. 0.13
C. 3.1
D. 3.8
E. 36
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.05
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
43. According to Raoult's law, which statement is false?
A. The vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution decreases as its mole fraction increases.
B. The solubility of a gas increases as the temperature decreases.
C. The vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution is less than that of a pure solvent.
D. The greater the pressure of a gas over a solution the greater its solubility.
E. Ionic solutes dissociate in solution causing an enhancement of all colligative properties.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
44. Consider a solution made from a nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent. Which statement is true?
A. The vapor pressure of the solution is always greater than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.
B. The boiling point of the solution is always greater than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
C. The freezing point of the solution is always greater than the freezing point of the pure solvent.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
45. The vapor pressure of water at 45.0 C is 71.93 mmHg. What is the vapor pressure of water over a solution prepared from 75.0 g of citric acid (C6H8O7) in 0.420 kg of water at this temperature?
A. 1.22 mmHg
B. 42.3 mmHg
C. 43.0 mmHg
D. 70.7 mmHg
E. 73.2 mmHg
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-23
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
46 The vapor pressure of water at 20C is 17.5 mmHg. What is the vapor pressure of water over a solution prepared from 2.00 102 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) and 3.50 102 g water?
A. 0.51 mmHg
B. 16.0 mmHg
C. 17.0 mmHg
D. 18.0 mmHg
E. 19.4 mmHg
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
47. A solution is 40.0% by mass benzene (C6H6) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at 20C. The vapor pressure of pure benzene and pure carbon tetrachloride at this temperature is 74.61 mmHg and 91.32 mmHg, respectively. Calculate the vapor pressure of the solution at 20C:
A. 66.4 mmHg
B. 73.8 mmHg
C. 81.8 mmHg
D. 83.0 mmHg
E. 84.6 mmHg
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
48. A solution is 35.0% by mass carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in benzene (C6H6) at 20C. The vapor pressure of pure benzene and pure carbon tetrachloride at this temperature is 74.61 mmHg and 91.32 mmHg, respectively. Calculate the vapor pressure of the solution at 20C:
A. 58.1 mmHg
B. 78.2 mmHg
C. 80.5 mmHg
D. 82.9 mmHg
E. 83.0 mmHg
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
49. A solution of chloroform, CHCl3, and acetone, (CH3)2CO, exhibits a negative deviation from Raoult's law. This result implies that
A. chloroform-chloroform interactions are stronger than chloroform-acetone interactions.
B. chloroform-chloroform interactions are weaker than chloroform-acetone interactions.
C. acetone-acetone interactions are stronger than chloroform-acetone interactions.
D. acetone-acetone interactions are weaker than chloroform-acetone interactions.
E. Both B and D.
F. Both A and C.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Molecular View of Solutions (Intermolecular Forces and Solubility)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-25
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50. What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 10.0 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 100.g of H2O? Kf for water is 1.86C/m.
A. +0.10C
B. +0.186C
C. –0.10C
D.
0.186C
E. –1.03C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
51. Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest boiling point (assume 100% dissociation for all soluble ionic compounds)?
A.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-26
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52. Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest osmotic pressure at 25C (assume 100% dissociation for all soluble ionic compounds)?
A. 0.15m K3PO4
B. 0.20m KI
C. 0.25m K2CO3
D. 0.30m NH4NO3
E. 0.45m C12H22O11
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
53. During osmosis
A. pure solvent diffuses through a membrane but solutes do not.
B. pure solutes diffuse through a membrane but solvent does not.
C. pure solvent and a solution both diffuse at the same time through a membrane.
D. gases diffuse through a membrane into a solution and build up pressure.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-27
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
54. Calculate the freezing point of a solution made from 22.0 g of octane (C8H18) dissolved in 148.0 g of benzene. Benzene freezes at 5.50C and its Kf value is 5.12C/m.
A. –1.16C
B. 0.98C
C. 5.49C
D. 6.66C
E. 12.2C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
55. What is the freezing point of a solution prepared from 50.0 g ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) and 85.0 g H2O? Kf of water is 1.86C/m.
A. 17.6C
B. 1.50C
C. –1.50C
D. –17.6C
E. –176C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-28
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
56. A solution that contains 55.0 g of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in 250. g of water freezes at –
2.34C. Calculate the molar mass (in units of g/mol) of the solute. Kf of water is 1.86C/m.
A. 1.26
B. 10.9
C. 43.6
D. 175
E. 277
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
57. What is the molar mass of toluene if 0.85 g of toluene depresses the freezing point of 100. g of benzene by 0.47C? Kf of benzene is 5.12C/m.
A. 927 g/mol
B. 92.6 g/mol
C. 81.8 g/mol
D. 78.0 g/mol
E. 10.7 g/mol
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-29
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
58. When 24.0 g of glucose (a nonelectrolyte) is dissolved in 500. g of water, the solution has a freezing point of –0.47C. What is the molar mass of glucose? Kf of water is 1.86C/m.
A. 41.9 g/mol
B. 47.5 g/mol
C. 54.9 g/mol
D. 178 g/mol
E. 190. g/mol
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
59. What is the osmotic pressure of a solution that contains 13.7 g of propyl alcohol (C3H7OH) dissolved in enough water to make 500. mL of solution at 27C?
A. 0.0100 atm
B. 0.0140 atm
C. 0.0370 atm
D. 0.456 atm
E. 11.2 atm
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-30
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
60. What is the freezing point of an aqueous solution of a nonvolatile solute that has a boiling point of 102.5C? For water Kf = 1.86C/m and Kb = 0.52C/m.
A. 8.94C
B. 0.99C
C.
0.99C
D. –8.94C
E.
366C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
61. What is the boiling point of a solution of 12.0 g of urea (CH4N2O) in 165.0 g of water? (Kb (H2O) = 0.52 C/m)
A. 99.4C
B. 100.0 C
C. 100.6C
D. 106.2C
E. 108.4C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-31
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
62. What is the boiling point of a solution of 11.0 g of lactose (C12H22O11) in 145.0g of water?
(Kb (H2O) = 0.52 C/m)
A. 0.1C
B. 99.9 C
C. 100.1C
D. 102.2 C
E. 105.7 C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
63. Pure benzene, C6H6, freezes at 5.5C and boils at 80.1C. What is the boiling point of a solution consisting of cyclohexane (C6H12) dissolved in benzene if the freezing point of this solution is 0.0C? (For benzene, Kf = 5.12 C/m, Kb = 2.53 C/m; for cyclohexane, Kf = 20.0
C/m, Kb = 2.79C/m)
A. 77.4C
B. 80.9C
C. 82.8C
D. 83.1C
E. 91.2C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-32
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
64. When 12.1 g of the sugar sucrose (a nonelectrolyte) is dissolved in exactly 800.0 g of water, the solution has a freezing point of –0.082C. What is the molar mass of sucrose? Kf of water is 1.86C/m.
A. 426 g
B. 99.2 g
C. 178 g
D. 266 g
E. 343 g
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
65.
What is the osmotic pressure of a 0.25 M solution of sucrose at 37C? (R = 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)
A. 6.6 10–5 atm
B. 0.76 atm
C. 6.4 atm
D. 100 atm
E. 940 atm
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-33
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
66.
How many grams of sucrose (C12H22O11, 342.3 g/mol) would be needed to make 2.5 L of a solution with an osmotic pressure of 14 atm at 25C? (R = 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)
A. 0.57 g
B. 6.8 g
C. 2.0 102 g
D. 4.9 102 g
E. 5.8 103 g
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
67. What is the boiling point of an aqueous solution of a nonelectrolyte that has an osmotic pressure of 10.50 atm at 25C? Kb of water is 0.52C/m. Assume the density of the solution is the same as that of pure water.
A. 0.22C
B. 0.429C
C. 99.78C
D. 100.22C
E. 100.43C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-34
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
68. 0.102 g of an unknown compound dissolved in 100. mL of water has an osmotic pressure of 28.1 mmHg at 20C. Calculate the molar mass of the compound.
A. 727 g/mol
B. 663 g/mol
C. 1.10 102 g/mol
D. 1.15 g/mol
E. 0.872 g/mol
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
69. An aqueous dextrose solution having a density of 1.04 g/cm3 freezes at –1.15C. Find the osmotic pressure of this solution at 25C. Kf of water is 1.86 C/m; molecular mass of dextrose = 180.16 g/mol.
A. 12.9 atm
B. 13.8 atm
C. 14.1 atm
D. 15.1 atm
E. 120 atm
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-35
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
70. An aqueous fructose solution having a density of 1.049 g/cm3 is found to have an osmotic pressure of 17.0 atm at 25C. Find the temperature at which this solution freezes. [Given: for water Kf = 1.86 C/m; molecular mass of fructose = 180.16 g/mol]
A. –1.30C
B. –1.41C
C. –1.52C
D. –1.57C
E. –1.69C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.06
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
71. Calculate the approximate freezing point of a solution made from 21.0 g NaCl and 1.00
102 g of H2O. [Kf of water is 1.86C/m.]
A. –13.4C
B. –6.68C
C. –3.59C
D. 3.59C
E. 6.68C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-36
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
72. What is the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared from 13.7 g of the electrolyte HCl and enough water to make 0.500 L of solution at 18C?
A. 0.55 atm
B. 1.10 atm
C. 8.95 atm
D. 17.9 atm
E. 35.9 atm
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
73. Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling points: 0.300m
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Difficulty: Medium
automatic
12.07 Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
74. Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling points: 0.050m
Mg(NO3)2; 0.100m ethanol; 0.090m NaCl.
A. Mg(NO3)2 < NaCl < ethanol
B. ethanol < Mg(NO3)2 < NaCl
C. ethanol < NaCl < Mg(NO3)2
D. NaCl < ethanol < Mg(NO3)2
E. Mg(NO3)2 < ethanol < NaCl
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
75. Assuming 100% dissociation, which of the following compounds is listed incorrectly with its van't Hoff factor i?
A. Na2SO4, i = 3
B. NH4NO3, i = 2
C. Sucrose, i = 1
D. Al2(SO4)3, i = 4
E. Mg(NO3)2, i = 3
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
76. Assuming 100% dissociation, which of the following compounds is listed correctly with its van't Hoff factor i?
A. Ca(ClO3)2, i = 2
B. (NH4)2SO4, i = 3
C. (NH4)3PO4, i = 5
D. Urea, i = 2
E. Sc2(SO4)3, i = 6
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
77. The osmotic pressure of a 0.010 M MgSO4 solution at 25C is 0.318 atm. Calculate i, the van't Hoff factor, for this MgSO4 solution.
A. 0.013
B. 1.3
C. 1.5
D. 2.0
E. 76.8
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-39
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
78. Calculate the boiling point of a 4.5 m solution of Na2SO4 in water (assume 100% dissociation, Kb (H2O) = 0.52 C/m).
A. 93.0 C
B. 97.7 C
C. 102.3C
D. 104.7C
E. 107.0C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
79. If 14.2 g of Al(NO3)3 is dissolved in 655g of water, what is the boiling point of the solution (assume 100% dissociation, Kb (H2O) = 0.52 C/m)?
A. 99.8C
B. 99.9C
C. 100.1C
D. 100.2C
E. 100.4C
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
12-40
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
80. The vapor pressure of water at 45.0 C is 71.93 mmHg. Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution of 1.50m K2CO3 at this temperature (assume 100% dissociation).
A. 1.89 mmHg
B. 5.39 mmHg
C. 66.5 mmHg
D. 70.0 mmHg
E. 108 mmHg
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
81. The vapor pressure of water at 45.0 C is 71.93 mmHg. Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution of 1.25m Al(ClO3)3 at this temperature (assume 100% dissociation).
A. 360. mmHg
B. 89.9 mmHg
C. 71.9 mmHg
D. 70.4 mmHg
E. 66.0 mmHg
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.07
Subtopic: Colligative Properties of Solutions
Subtopic: Ions in Water (Electrolytes)
Subtopic: The Solution Process
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
Topic: Physical Properties of Solutions
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
82. What is the molarity of a solution that is 5.50 % by mass oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and has a density of 1.0244 g/mL?
A. 0.626 M
B. 0.646 M
C. 0.666 M
D. 0.686 M
E. None of the above
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
83. What is the molarity and molality of a solution that is 10.00 % by mass potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO3, 100.11 g/mol) and has a density of 1.0650 g/mL?
A. 1.064 M and 1.410 m
B. 1.044 M and 1.410 m
C. 1.064 M and 1.110 m
D. 1.044 M and 1.110 m
E. None of the above
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-42
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84. What is the percent by mass of sodium phosphate in a 0.142 M Na3PO4(aq) solution that has a density of 1.015 g/mL?
A. 2.09 %
B. 2.29 %
C. 2.49 %
D. 2.69 %
E. None of the above
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
85. What is the molality of a 0.142 M Na3PO4(aq) solution that has a density of 1.015 g/mL?
A. 0.113 m
B. 0.133 m
C. 0.153 m
D. 0.173 m
E. None of the above
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-43
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86. What is the mole fraction of sodium phosphate in a 0.142 M Na3PO4(aq) solution that has a density of 1.015 g/mL?
A. 0.00157
B. 0.00257
C. 0.00357
D. 0.00457
E. None of the above
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
87. What is the mole fraction of NaOH in a 32.0 % by mass NaOH aqueous solution?
A. 0.105
B. 0.135
C. 0.155
D. 0.175
E. None of the above
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 12.03
Subtopic: Units of Concentration
Topic: Aqueous Solutions
12-44
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.