Cengage Advantage Books The American Pageant
15th Edition Kennedy Test Bank
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SHORT ANSWER
Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
1. Thomas Jefferson
ANS: Student answers will vary.
2. James Monroe
ANS: Student answers will vary.
3. William Clark
ANS: Student answers will vary.
4. Albert Gallatin
ANS: Student answers will vary.
5. Robert R. Livingston
ANS: Student answers will vary.
6. John Marshall
ANS: Student answers will vary.
7. Napoleon Bonaparte
ANS: Student answers will vary.
8. Aaron Burr
ANS: Student answers will vary.
9. William Marbury
ANS: Student answers will vary.
10. James Madison
ANS: Student answers will vary.
11. Tecumseh
ANS: Student answers will vary.
12. Tenskwatawa, "the Prophet"
ANS: Student answers will vary.
13. Toussaint L'Ouverture
ANS: Student answers will vary.
14. Samuel Chase
ANS: Student answers will vary.
15. Meriwether Lewis
ANS: Student answers will vary.
16. Henry Clay
ANS: Student answers will vary.
17. John Quincy Adams
ANS: Student answers will vary.
18. Sally Hemings
ANS: Student answers will vary.
19. James Wilkinson
ANS: Student answers will vary.
Define and state the historical significance of the following:
20. patronage
ANS: Student answers will vary.
21. judicial review
ANS: Student answers will vary.
22. impeachment
ANS: Student answers will vary.
23. impressment
ANS: Student answers will vary.
24. economic coercion
ANS: Student answers will vary.
ANS: Student answers will vary.
26. war hawks
ANS: Student answers will vary.
27. three-fifths clause
ANS: Student answers will vary.
Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
28. Judiciary Act of 1789
ANS: Student answers will vary.
29. Judiciary Act of 1801
ANS: Student answers will vary.
30. Orders in Council
ANS: Student answers will vary.
31. "Revolution of 1800"
ANS: Student answers will vary.
32. "midnight judges"
ANS: Student answers will vary.
33. Chesapeake incident
ANS: Student answers will vary.
34. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
ANS: Student answers will vary.
35. Embargo Act of 1807
ANS: Student answers will vary.
36. Louisiana Purchase Treaty
ANS: Student answers will vary.
37. Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
ANS: Student answers will vary.
38. mosquito fleet
ANS: Student answers will vary.
39. Tripolitan War
ANS: Student answers will vary.
COMPLETION
Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
40. ____ Spanish Territory
ANS: 5
41. ____ British Territory
ANS: 3
42. ____ Original United States by Treaty of 1783
ANS: 4
43. ____ Oregon Country
ANS: 2
ANS: 1
44. ____ Louisiana Purchase of 1803MULTIPLE CHOICE
45. One of the first lessons learned by the Jeffersonians after their victory in the 1800 presidential election was
a. the need to strengthen diplomatic ties with Britain.
b. to go off the gold standard.
c. to decrease tariffs.
d. to institute an excise tax.
e. that it is easier to condemn from the stump than to govern consistently.
ANS: E REF: p. 202
46. One of the greatest problems that John Adams and the Federalists faced in the election of 1800 was
a. Adams's efforts to get America involved in a war with France.
b. increased public debt brought on by war preparations.
c. Adams's refusal to take the country to war against France.
d. Alexander Hamilton's support of Adams.
e. the stories circulating about Adams's relationship with a slave woman.
ANS: C REF: p. 202
47. In the election of 1800, the Federalists accused Thomas Jefferson of all of the following except
a. having robbed a widow of her trust fund.
b. having fathered numerous mulatto children by his own slave women.
c. being an atheist.
d. secretly encouraging Aaron Burr to assassinate Alexander Hamilton.
e. having robbed children of their trust funds.
ANS: D REF: p. 202-203
48. In the 1800 election, Thomas Jefferson won the state of New York because
a. of a reaction against Alexander Hamilton, Jefferson's enemy.
b. Aaron Burr used his influence to turn the state to Jefferson.
c. of the high taxes passed by the Adams administration.
d. Napoleon promised to sell the Louisiana Territory only to Jefferson.
e. Jefferson had a natural appeal for New York's urban ethnic voters.
ANS: B REF: p. 203
49. The Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans presented themselves as all of the following except
a. believers in a strong central government.
b. strict constructionists.
c. protectors of agrarian purity.
d. believers of political and economic liberty.
e. strong supporters of state's rights.
ANS: A REF: p. 202 | p. 212
50. Thomas Jefferson received the bulk of his support from the
a. South and West.
b. North.
c. large cities.
d. East.
e. New England.
ANS: A REF: p. 203
51. Though Jefferson won the popular and electoral vote, a strange deadlock led to the election being decided
a. in the Senate.
b. by the Electoral College.
c. in the House of Representatives.
d. by the Supreme Court.
e. by the Electoral Commission.
ANS: C REF: p. 203
52. Thomas Jefferson's "Revolution of 1800" was remarkable in that it
a. moved the United States away from its democratic ideals.
b. marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties.
c. occurred after he left the presidency.
d. caused America to do what the British had been doing for a generation regarding the election of a legislative body.
e. was in no way a revolution.
ANS: B REF: p. 204
53. Thomas Jefferson was elected president by the House of Representatives when
a. a few Federalists refrained from voting.
b. Aaron Burr withdrew from the race.
c. Jefferson agreed to appoint John Marshall to the Supreme Court.
d. additional Jeffersonians became members of the House.
e. the electoral college gave up its responsibility.
ANS: A REF: p. 203-204
54. Thomas Jefferson saw his election and his mission as president to include all of the following except
a. to return to the original spirit of the revolution.
b. restore the republican experiment.
c. check the growth of government power.
d. halt the decay of virtue.
e. support the establishment of a strong army.
ANS: E REF: p. 204
55. All of the following relate to question of Thomas Jefferson's relationship with his slave Sally Hemings except
a. rumors that Jefferson fathered her mulatto children were used by his political opponents to discredit him in the 1800 presidential election.
b. Jefferson consistently denied having had a sexual relationship with Sally Hemings throughout his life.
c. as late as the 1870s, one of Sally's children claimed that his mother identified Jefferson as the father of her five children.
d. in the late 20th century, DNA evidence showed a high probability that Jefferson fathered Sally's youngest son.
e. today, most scholars believe that Jefferson fathered only one of Hemings children; the other four had other fathers.
ANS: E REF: p. 205
56. As president, Thomas Jefferson's stand on several political issues that he had previously championed
a. remained unchanged.
b. was reversed.
c. grew even more rigid.
d. compelled him to repeal the Alien and Sedition Acts.
e. caused him to reject slavery.
ANS: B REF: p. 207
57. Jefferson complained to his friend John Adams about what aspect of his life?
a. The lack of technological inventions that would enable him to keep copies of his written work.
b. Responding to the many letters he received - 1267 in 1820 alone.
c. The political cartoons by his enemies that made him look like a buffoon.
d. The difficulties of juggling political life with managing his Monticello home and farm.
e. Ongoing problems within his marriage after he became president.
ANS: B REF: p. 207
58. With Thomas Jefferson's election as president, the Democratic-Republican party
a. grew stronger and more unified.
b. removed many Federalists from government jobs.
c. soon resented its leaders' lavish life-style.
d. grew less unified as the Federalist party began to fade and lose power.
e. sought to extend the Alien and Sedition Acts to punish their enemies.
ANS: D REF: p. 208
59. Thomas Jefferson's presidency was characterized by his
a. unswerving conformity to Republican party principles.
b. rigid attention to formal protocol at White House gatherings.
c. moderation in the administration of public policy.
d. ruthless use of the patronage power to appoint Republicans to federal offices.
e. inability to get legislation passed by Congress.
ANS: C REF: p. 207-208
60. On becoming president, Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans in Congress immediately repealed
a. the Alien and Sedition Acts.
b. the charter of the National Bank.
c. the excise tax on whiskey.
d. the funding and assumption of the national debt.
e. money to fund the naval build-up.
ANS: C REF: p. 208
61. When it came to the major Federalist economic programs, Thomas Jefferson as president
a. left practically all of them intact.
b. quickly dismantled them.
c. slowly undid everything the Federalists achieved.
d. attacked only the Bank of the United States.
e. vetoed any new tariffs.
ANS: A REF: p. 208
62. Thomas Jefferson and his followers opposed John Adams's last-minute appointment of new federal judges mainly because
a. the men appointed were of poor quality.
b. they believed that the appointments were unconstitutional.
c. they did not want a showdown with the Supreme Court.
d. it was an attempt by a defeated party to entrench itself in the government.
e. these judges were not needed.
ANS: D REF: p. 208
63. The chief justice who carried out, more than any other federal official, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton concerning a powerful federal government was
a. James Madison.
b. William Marbury.
c. John Marshall.
d. Samuel Chase.
e. John Jay.
ANS: C REF: p. 208
64. Before he became chief justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall's service at Valley Forge during the American Revolution convinced him
a. to support Thomas Jefferson and his republican principles.
b. to give up the life of a soldier and return to law school.
c. of the drawbacks of feeble central authority.
d. of the futility of opposing Britain.
e. of the dangers of a strong central government.
ANS: C REF: p. 208
65. As chief justice of the United States, John Marshall helped to ensure that
a. states' rights were protected.
b. the programs of Alexander Hamilton were overturned.
c. the political and economic systems were based on a strong central government.
d. both the Supreme Court and the president could rule a law unconstitutional.
e. Aaron Burr was convicted of treason.
ANS: C REF: p. 208
66. The case of Marbury v. Madison involved the question of who had the right to
a. commit the United States to entangling alliances.
b. impeach federal officers for "high crimes and misdemeanors."
c. determine the meaning of the Constitution.
d. purchase foreign territory for the United States.
e. appoint Supreme Court justices.
ANS: C REF: p. 209
67. John Marshall, as chief justice of the United States, helped to strengthen the judicial branch of government by
a. applying Jeffersonian principles in all of his decisions.
b. asserting the doctrine of judicial review of congressional legislation, giving the Supreme Court the power to determine constitutionality.
c. overriding presidential vetoes.
d. listening carefully to and heeding the advice of lawyers arguing cases before the Supreme Court.
e. increasing the number of justices on the Supreme Court.
ANS: B REF: p. 209
68. Thomas Jefferson's failed attempt to impeach and convict Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase for "high crimes and misdemeanors" meant that
a. no federal judge could ever be removed from office.
b. judicial independence and the separation of powers had been preserved.
c. Jefferson's effectiveness as president had been lost.
d. an unfortunate precedent had been established.
e. Aaron Burr would go free and unpunished.
ANS: B REF: p. 210
69. Thomas Jefferson distrusted large standing armies because they
a. were usually ineffective in battle.
b. always developed a destructive rivalry with the navy.
c. could be used to establish a dictatorship.
d. were contrary to Article II of the Constitution.
e. would be made up of citizen soldiers.
ANS: C REF: p. 210
70. Thomas Jefferson saw navies as less dangerous than armies because they
a. were generally smaller in numbers.
b. had little chance of starting a war.
c. were in less contact with foreign powers.
d. could not march inland and endanger liberties.
e. were more useful in protecting overseas trade.
ANS: D REF: p. 210
71. Thomas Jefferson's first major foreign-policy decision was to
a. purchase Louisiana from France.
b. send a naval squadron to the Mediterranean.
c. drive the British out of the northwest forts.
d. purchase Florida from Spain.
e. form an alliance with Spain.
ANS: B REF: p. 210
72. Thomas Jefferson ceased his opposition to the expansion of the navy when the
a. Pasha of Tripoli declared war on the United States.
b. U.S. Marine Corps was established.
c. mosquito fleet was defeated by the pirates at Tripoli.
d. army was disbanded.
e. British blockaded the east coast.
ANS: A REF: p. 210
73. The American naval war with Tripoli ended with
a. America's overthrow of the Tripoli government.
b. a substantial defeat of the main American fleet.
c. a peace treaty in 1805.
d. the French colonial conquest of North Africa.
e. the mediation of Islamic religious authorities.
ANS: C REF: p. 210
74. To guard American shores, Thomas Jefferson
a. built a fleet of frigates.
b. constructed coastal fortifications.
c. constructed two hundred tiny gunboats.
d. signed a peace treaty with Great Britain.
e. enlisted the aid of France.
ANS: C REF: p. 210
75. Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Louisiana Purchase, (B) Chesapeake incident, (C) Burr's trial for treason, and (D) Embargo Act.
a. A, B, D, C
b. C, D, A, B
c. A, C, B, D
d. D, B, C, A
e. B, D, C, A
ANS: C REF: p. 210 | p. 215-217
76. Thomas Jefferson sent two envoys to France in 1803 with the essential goal of
a. preventing Napoleon from handing Louisiana back to Spain.
b. purchasing as much territory west of the Mississippi as they could get.
c. preventing Napoleon from fortifying New Orleans and St. Louis.
d. bribing the French foreign ministry into permitting Americans to deposit grain in New Orleans.
e. purchasing New Orleans to make it secure for American shippers.
ANS: E REF: p. 211
77. In order to purchase New Orleans from France, if Monroe and Livingston failed in their negotiations, Thomas Jefferson
a. threatened to form an alliance with France's enemy, Spain.
b. was unwilling to go to war.
c. proposed to break away from all alliances to prove our neutrality.
d. was willing to use funds from private individuals if Congress would not authorize enough money for the purchase.
e. decided to make an alliance with his old enemy, Britain.
ANS: E REF: p. 211
78. Napoleon chose to sell Louisiana to the United States for all of the following reasons except
a. he had suffered misfortunes in Santo Domingo.
b. he hoped that the territory would one day help America to thwart the ambitions of the British.
c. he did not want to drive America into the arms of the British.
d. yellow fever killed many French troops.
e. he was afraid that the Spanish might seize Louisiana in a new war.
ANS: E REF: p. 211-212
79. The difference in price between what Jefferson had authorized his negotiators to pay for New Orleans and West Florida and what they actually paid for all of Louisiana was
a. $5 million.
b. $15 million.
c. $25 million.
d. $100 million.
e. nothing.
ANS: A REF: p. 212
80. Which of these is NOT a true statement about the Louisiana Purchase?
a. Senators quickly approved the purchase.
b. It had enthusiastic public support.
c. It was the best real estate bargain in history - adding 828,000 square miles to the United States at three cents an acre.
d. It more than tripled the size of the United States.
e. It cost $15 million.
ANS: D REF: p. 212
81. Jefferson had authorized American negotiators to purchase only ____ from France.
a. New Orleans and the Floridas
b. New Orleans and St. Louis
c. Santo Domingo
d. the Missouri River basin
e. the entire Louisiana Territory
ANS: A REF: p. 212
82. Thomas Jefferson was conscience-stricken about the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France because
a. the Federalists supported his action.
b. he believed that the purchase was unconstitutional.
c. he felt that the purchase was not a fair deal for France.
d. war with Spain might occur.
e. he feared the British might use it as an excuse to declare war on the United States.
ANS: B REF: p. 212
83. Lewis and Clark's expedition through the Louisiana Purchase territory yielded all of the following except
a. a rich harvest of scientific observations.
b. treaties with several Indian nations.
c. geographical knowledge of the previously unknown region.
d. a plausible American claim to the Oregon region.
e. opening of the West to future exploration and trade.
ANS: B REF: p. 213
84. Who served as the crucial guide, aiding Lewis and Clark in their expedition through the Louisiana Territory?
a. the Mandan Indians
b. the Shoshone woman Sacajawea
c. the thirty-three adventurers who formed the expedition
d. the US military
e. None of these
ANS: B REF: p. 213
85. Lewis and Clark demonstrated the viability of
a. travel across the isthmus of Panama.
b. an overland trail to the Pacific.
c. settlement in the southern portion of the Louisiana territory.
d. using Indian guides.
e. developing harbors on the Pacific coast.
ANS: B REF: p. 213
86. After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, Aaron Burr
a. fled to France.
b. fled to England.
c. was arrested and found guilty of murder.
d. was arrested and found innocent of murder.
e. plotted to divide the United States.
ANS: E REF: p. 214
87. The British policy of impressment was a kind of
a. naval blockade.
b. economic boycott.
c. forced enlistment.
d. diplomatic pressure.
e. punishment for the United States.
ANS: C REF: p. 216
88. The British impressed American sailors into the British navy because
a. the Americans took the Chesapeake.
b. they needed more men.
c. Parliament passed a law.
d. of the XYZ affair.
e. they wanted to punish the United States.
ANS: B REF: p. 216
89. The Chesapeake incident involved the flagrant use of
a. patronage.
b. impeachment.
c. judicial review.
d. impressment.
e. naval blockades.
ANS: D REF: p. 216
90. To deal with British and French violations of America's neutrality, Thomas Jefferson
a. declared war on Britain.
b. enacted an economic embargo.
c. declared war on France.
d. did nothing.
e. sought trade relations with Spain and Holland.
ANS: B REF: p. 216-217
91. Which of these does not describe the ways in which Americans responded to Jefferson's embargo?
a. The Federalist party gained new converts and was revived to fight it.
b. New England threatened to secede from the United States.
c. People compared Jefferson to King George III, whom Jefferson had berated in the Declaration of Independence.
d. Southern states promised not to enforce it and to break away from the Union.
e. Americans engaged in an illicit trade at the Canadian border and cursed it as "Dambargo."
ANS: D REF: p. 217
92. Thomas Jefferson's embargo failed for all of the following reasons except that
a. he underestimated the determination of the British.
b. he underestimated Britain's dependence on American trade.
c. Britain produced a bumper grain crop.
d. Latin America opened its ports for commerce.
e. he miscalculated the difficulty of enforcing it.
ANS: B REF: p. 218
93. President Jefferson's foreign policy of economic coercion
a. underestimated British dependence on American trade.
b. adversely affected France's economy more than Britain's.
c. stimulated manufacturing in the United States.
d. destroyed the Federalist party in New England.
e. succeeded in its goal of forcing the British to halt its impressment of American sailors.
ANS: C REF: p. 218
94. Macon's Bill No. 2
a. forbade American ships from leaving port.
b. permitted trade with all nations but promised that if either Britain or France lifted its commercial restrictions on American trade, the United States would stop trading with the other.
c. forbade American trade with Britain and France but promised to open trade with either country if it would cease its violations of American neutrality rights.
d. repealed the Embargo Act of 1807.
e. halted trade with Britain.
ANS: B REF: p. 218
95. President James Madison made a major foreign-policy mistake when he
a. accepted Napoleon's promise to repeal its trade restrictions.
b. failed to suppress the war hawks in his own party.
c. permitted Napoleon to offer financial aid to the United States.
d. began compromising away America's neutral rights.
e. tried to use Russia as a counterweight to Britain and France.
ANS: A REF: p. 218-219
96. By 1810, the most insistent demand for a declaration of war against Britain came from
a. New England merchants.
b. the West and South.
c. Federalists.
d. the middle Atlantic states.
e. southern states.
ANS: B REF: p. 220 | p. 221
97. The war hawks demanded war with Britain because they wanted to do all of the following except
a. wipe out renewed Indian resistance.
b. defend American rights.
c. gain more territory.
d. retaliate for the British burning of Washington, D.C.
e. revenge the manhandling of American sailors.
ANS: D REF: p. 220-221
98. Of the following, the only argument not put forward by the war hawks as a justification for a declaration of war against Britain was that
a. the British armed Indians and incited them to raid frontier settlements.
b. British impressment policies were an affront to American nationalism.
c. Britain's commercial restrictions had come close to destroying America's profitable New England shipping business.
d. British Canada and Spanish Florida were attractive and easily obtainable prizes of war.
e. the orders in council stopped the flow of Western farm products to Europe.
ANS: C REF: p. 220
99. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) war hawks enter Congress, (B) declaration of war on Britain, (C) Embargo Act, and (D) Battle of Tippecanoe.
a. A, B, C, D
b. C, A, D, B
c. B, C, A, D
d. B, A, D, C
e. B, C, D, A
ANS: B REF: p. 217 | p. 219 | p. 221
100. Tecumseh argued that Indians should
a. never give control of their land to the whites.
b. move west of the Mississippi River.
c. not cede control of land to whites unless all Indians agreed.
d. exchange traditional buckskin clothing for cloth garments.
e. fight as individual tribes and not as a confederacy.
ANS: C REF: p. 220
101. Native American leader Tecumseh was killed in 1813 at the Battle of a. Tippecanoe.
b. the Thames.
c. Horseshoe Bend.
d. New Orleans.
e. Fallen Timbers.
ANS: B REF: p. 220
102. The battle of Tippecanoe resulted in
a. defeat of the British by the hands of the Indian confederacy.
b. a Shawnee loss and a Creek victory.
c. a declaration of war by the United States against Great Britain.
d. the expulsion of the British from Florida.
e. the death of the dream of an Indian confederacy.
ANS: E REF: p. 220
103. In 1812, James Madison turned to war
a. to help him win re-election.
b. due to his hatred of Great Britain.
c. to fulfill alliance obligations with France.
d. to fulfill alliance obligations with Spain.
e. to restore confidence in the republican experiment.
ANS: E REF: p. 221
104. Seafaring New England opposed the War of 1812 because of all of the following except
a. the Northeast Federalists sympathized with England.
b. it resented the Republican's sympathy with Napoleon.
c. Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada.
d. it could result in more agrarian states.
e. their strong trade ties with France.
ANS: E REF: p. 221
105. Once begun, the War of 1812 was supported strongly by
a. practically all Americans.
b. New England and the seaboard states.
c. very few people.
d. the West and South.
e. Native Americans.
ANS: D REF: p. 221
106. Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada because
a. there were too many French there.
b. Canadian business would prove too competitive.
c. it was too agrarian and would give more votes to the Democratic-Republicans.
d. they believed that the Canadians could never become Americanized.
e. too many Indians lived there.
ANS: C REF: p. 221
107. During the War of 1812, the New England states
a. supported the United States' war effort.
b. lent more money and sent more food to the British army than to the American army.
c. gave no support to either the Americans or the British.
d. allowed their militias to fight wherever the federal government requested.
e. declared their independence from the United States.
ANS: B REF: p. 222
ESSAY
108. Why do the text's authors refer to the case of Marbury v. Madison as "epochal"? Describe the shortand long-term ramifications of the decision.
ANS: Student answers will vary.
109. What basis did Thomas Jefferson have for believing that American trade could be used as a diplomatic tool? Would you judge his economic coercion policy a failure or a success? Why or why not?
ANS: Student answers will vary.
110. Assess the validity of Jefferson's claim that the election of 1800 "was a revolution comparable to that of 1776." Do you consider that revolution to be a real revolution or a more moderate renovation in American political history? Support your answer.
ANS: Student answers will vary.
111. List at least three key principles of government advanced by Thomas Jefferson and the DemocraticRepublican party before 1800. Describe how these ideals fared during Jefferson's administration. Were they translated into public policy? Explain how or, if not, why not.
ANS: Student answers will vary.
112. Suppose you were a faithful Democratic-Republican party adviser to President Jefferson in 1803. What arguments would you present in favor of the Louisiana Purchase? What arguments opposing the purchase would you have to counter?
ANS: Student answers will vary.
113. Set the following statement in its historical context, "The day France takes possession of New Orleans we must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation." Why was Thomas Jefferson so alarmed?
ANS: Student answers will vary.
114. The text's authors believe that the Louisiana Purchase was "the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as president." Do you agree? Why or why not?
ANS: Student answers will vary.
115. Assess the Jeffersonian presidency. What do you think were his three most important legacies? Explain your choices.
ANS: Student answers will vary.
116. Set the historical context of the following quote, "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is...." Which principle does this establish? Has this principle had any impact in our current political and legal context? How so? Do you agree with the principle or not? Why or why not?
ANS: Student answers will vary.