Protein Producers Fall 2015

PROTEIN producers

The Five Freedoms and Caregivers in Beef Cattle Husbandry ‘Heartbreak’ on the High Plains

Animal Stewardship: Building Confidence

High Moisture Corn Management

Millennials: What Do They Want

w w w. pa c dv m s . c om // 2 0 1 5

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Single-Dose BRD Treatment & Control Same Active Ingredient & Dosing Regimen as Baytril® 100 In Beef and Non-Lactating Dairy Cattle Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. Federal law prohibits the extra-label use of this drug in food-producing animals. Cattle intended for human consumption must not be slaughtered within 28 days from the last treatment. This product is not approved for female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older, including dry dairy cows. Use in these cattle may cause drug residues in milk and/or calves born to these cows. A withdrawal period has not been established in pre-ruminating calves. Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. Use with caution in animals with known or suspected CNS disorders. Observe label directions and withdrawal times. See product labeling for full product information.

www.norbrookinc.com FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY The Norbrook logos are registered trademarks of Norbrook Laboratories Limited Enroflox is a registered trademark of Norbrook Laboratories Limited Baytril is a registered trademark of Bayer Animal Health

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Brief Summary: Before using Enroflox® 100, consult the product insert, a summary of which follows.

CAUTION: Federal (U.S.A.) law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. Federal (U.S.A.) law prohibits the extra-label use of this drug in food-producing animals.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Each mL of Enroflox 100 contains 100 mg of enrofloxacin. Excipients are L-arginine base 200 mg, n-butyl alcohol 30 mg, benzyl alcohol (as a preservative) 20 mg and water for injection q.s.

INDICATIONS: Cattle - Single-Dose Therapy: Enroflox 100 is indicated for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) associated with Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis in beef and non-lactating dairy cattle; and for the control of BRD in beef and non-lactating dairy cattle at high risk of developing BRD associated with M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somni and M. bovis.

Cattle - Multiple-Day Therapy: Enroflox 100 is indicated for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) associated with Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni in beef and non-lactating dairy cattle.

1/4 page To go

Swine: Enroflox 100 is indicated for the treatment and control of swine respiratory disease (SRD) associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis and Streptococcus suis.

RESIDUE WARNINGS: Cattle: Animals intended for human consumption must not be slaughtered within 28 days from the last treatment. This product is not approved for female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older, including dry dairy cows. Use in these cattle may cause drug residues in milk and/or in calves born to these cows. A withdrawal period has not been established for this product in pre-ruminating calves. Do not use in calves to be processed for veal.

Swine: Animals intended for human consumption must not be slaughtered within 5 days of receiving a single-injection dose.

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HUMAN WARNINGS: For use in animals only. Keep out of the reach of children. Avoid contact with eyes. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes. In case of dermal contact, wash skin with soap and water. Consult a physician if irritation persists following ocular or dermal exposures. Individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to quinolones should avoid this product. In humans, there is a risk of user photosensitization within a few hours after excessive exposure to quinolones. If excessive accidental exposure occurs, avoid direct sunlight. For customer service, to obtain a copy of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or to report adverse reactions, call Norbrook at 1-866-591-5777.

PRECAUTIONS: The effects of enrofloxacin on cattle or swine reproductive performance, pregnancy and lactation have not been adequately determined.

The long-term effects on articular joint cartilage have not been determined in pigs above market weight.

Subcutaneous injection can cause a transient local tissue reaction that may result in trim loss of edible tissue at slaughter.

Enroflox 100 contains different excipients than other enrofloxacin products. The safety and efficacy of this formulation in species other than cattle and swine have not been determined.

Quinolone-class drugs should be used with caution in animals with known or suspected Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders. In such animals, quinolones have, in rare instances, been associated with CNS stimulation which may lead to convulsive seizures. Quinolone-class drugs have been shown to produce erosions of cartilage of weight-bearing joints and other signs of arthropathy in immature animals of various species. See Animal Safety section for additional information.

ADVERSE REACTIONS: No adverse reactions were observed during clinical trials.

ANIMAL SAFETY: In cattle safety studies, clinical signs of depression, incoordination and muscle fasciculation were observed in calves when doses of 15 or 25 mg/kg were administered for 10 to 15 days. Clinical signs of depression, inappetance and incoordination were observed when a dose of 50 mg/kg was administered for 3 days. An injection site study conducted in feeder calves demonstrated that the formulation may induce a transient reaction in the subcutaneous tissue and underlying muscle.

In swine safety studies, incidental lameness of short duration was observed in all groups, including the saline-treated controls.

Musculoskeletal stiffness was observed following the 15 and 25 mg/kg treatments with clinical signs appearing during the second week of treatment. Clinical signs of lameness improved after treatment ceased and most animals were clinically normal at necropsy. An injection site study conducted in pigs demonstrated that the formulation may induce a transient reaction in the subcutaneous tissue.

Norbrook Laboratories Limited, Newry, BT35 6PU, Co. Down, Northern Ireland I01 March 2015 The Norbrook logos and Enroflox® are registered trademarks of Norbrook Laboratories Limited.

Protein Producers Protein Producers 2015, Volume 3, Issue 3 2015, Volume 3, Issue 3 Editor Kelly Terrell Editor Kelly Terrell Content Developer Lisa Taylor Content Developer Lisa Taylor The PAC TEAM The PAC TEAM

Dr. Wade Taylor Dr. Wade Taylor Technology identification and deployment Technology identification and deployment Dr. Tom Noffsinger Dr. Tom Noffsinger Animal handling, staff development Animal handling, staff development Dr. Doug Ford Dr. Doug Ford Reproduction, lameness Reproduction, lameness Dr. Corbin Stevens Dr. Corbin Stevens Diagnostics and clinical evaluation Diagnostics and clinical evaluation Dr. Nels Lindberg Dr. Nels Lindberg Leadership development, field research Leadership development, field research Dr. Kip Lukasiewicz Dr. Kip Lukasiewicz Animal handling, field research, facility design Animal handling, field research, facility design Dr. Jim Lowe Dr. Jim Lowe System design and management, team education System design and management, team education Dr. Shane Terrell Dr. Shane Terrell Lameness, field research Lameness, field research Dr. Kev Sullivan Dr. Kev Sullivan International Veterinarian International Veterinarian Animal handling, heat stress management Animal handling, heat stress management Garrett Taylor Garrett Taylor Information management Information management Kelly Terrell Kelly Terrell Marketing and communications Marketing and communications Jose Valles Jose Valles Bilingual education and training, research monitoring Bilingual education and training, research monitoring Ted Howard Ted Howard Animal stewardship, horsemanship Animal stewardship, horsemanship Lisa Taylor Lisa Taylor Business and data analysis Business and data analysis

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Golden Belt Feeders Golden Belt Feeders St. St. John, John,KS KS Photo Submitted by Stan Photo Submitted by StanKaiser; Kaiser, Operations OperationsManager Manager

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Please submit your photographs (as a jpeg file) to Kelly Terrell at kelly.terrell@pacdvms.com

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Dr. Tom Noffsinger Dr. Tom Noffsinger Partner, PAC Partner, PAC Fall isishere. cancan seesee it in the turning colorcolor of theof bigthe blue the rushing our children to school, into the Fallis here.We We theturning turning bigstem, blueinstem, stem, in the theof rushing of our ourback children back Fall here.

We can see ititour ininthe color of the big blue in rushing of children back to school, school, in in the the fields as we begin to collect hard work of summer, and in the feedlot as the fresh bawling calves begin to arrive. fields as we begin to collect our hard work of summer, and in the feedlot as the fresh bawling calves begin to arrive. fields as we begin to collect our hard work of summer, and in the feedlot as the fresh bawling calves begin to arrive.

This of of seasons is reflected in ourindatabase as BRD riskpull increases sharply, more than more doubling, Thischanging changing seasons is reflected our database aspull BRD risk increases sharply, thanbeginning doubling, beginning This changing of seasons is spring. reflected in pull our risk database as BRD pull risk increases sharply, more than doubling, beginning in August and persisting until BRD and BRD deaths rise and fall together in this seasonal pattern.

Ourpattern. in August and persisting until spring. BRD pull risk and BRD deaths rise and fall together in this seasonal Our in August and BRD pull risk and deaths and together seasonal pattern.

Our expectations arepersisting for this to until occur,spring. we accept it and brace for theBRD storm, but werise could befall looking at thisinasthis an opportunity. expectations are for this to occur, we accept it and brace for the storm, but we could be looking at this as an opportunity.

Recognizing that the needs each arrival group itvary, havefor a great opportunity before us.be Bylooking meeting at each new expectations are forthe this toofoccur, wearrival accept andwe brace the storm, but we could as aneach opportunity.

Recognizing that needs of each group vary, we have a great opportunity before us. Bythis meeting new group of arrivals, reading eachofpen, and assessing their needs, we canamatch their needs with our skills.

Recognizing that the needs each arrival group vary, we have great opportunity before us.

By meeting each new group group of arrivals, reading each pen, and assessing their needs, we can match their needs with our skills. of arrivals, reading each pen, and assessing their needs, we can match their needs with our skills.

As cattle arrive, they take a fresh look at their environment, assessing it for danger and safety. The perception that cattle As cattle arrive, they take fresh lookthat at their environment, it for danger safety. have of their new home, or thea perception caregivers convey toassessing newly arrived cattle, can and change their The risk perception that cattle As cattle arrive, they take or a fresh attime their assessing it for danger Thetheperception categories.

Thisnew vital opportunity alook prime toenvironment, review the principles of animal wellbeing as safety. guided five have of their home, theisperception that caregivers convey to newly arrived and cattle, can by change their riskthat cattle have of their new home, or the perception that caregivers convey to newly arrived cattle, can change their risk categories. freedoms.

These as originally in a report to thethe British parliament in 1965, and our ability to utilize categories.

Thisfreedoms, vital opportunity is adescribed prime time to review principles of animal wellbeing as guided by the five This vital opportunity is a prime time to review the principles of animal wellbeing as guided by the five freedoms. their principles to help break seasonal BRD mortality is described below: freedoms. These freedoms, as originally described in a report to the British parliament in 1965, and our ability to These utilize  Freedom from or thirst providing to fresh water andand feedour is sometimes enough. freedoms, as originally in–aJust report tomortality the ready British parliament in 1965, ability to not utilize their principles to their principles to hunger helpdescribed break seasonal BRD isaccess described below: It’s important to keep inmortality mind that is each has its own peculiar response to a new environment. Some may rush help seasonal BRD described below:  break Freedom from hunger or thirst –animal Just providing ready access to fresh water and feed is sometimes not enough. the bunk while others lack the confidence to approach or find it. By using acclimation to approach this freedom, we It’s important to keep in mind that each animal has its own peculiar responsecan to result a newinenvironment.

Some may rush can build their trust in caregivers, water, feed, and their environment.

Time invested an increased daily • Freedom from hunger or thirst – Just providing ready access to fresh water and feed is sometimes not enough. the bunk while others lack the confidence to approach or find it.

By using acclimation to approach this freedom,It’s we feed intake, health, and performance. important to keep in mind that each animal has its own peculiar response to a new environment.

Some may rush the can build their trust in caregivers, water, feed, and their environment.

Time invested can result in an increased daily  Freedom from discomfort –Timely pen surface management, bedding, and sanitation will encourage and enable bunk others lack theperformance. confidence to approach or findteam it. By using acclimation approach freedom, we can feedwhile intake, health, and cattle to move and rest with comfort.

Having the maintenance adequately prepare penstobefore cattlethis are even build their trust in caregivers, water, feed, and their environment.

Time invested can result in an increased daily feed is important to assure this–Timely freedom pen is met.

Having a bit of foresight in the summer to prepare forencourage fall can and  bought Freedom from discomfort surface management, bedding, and sanitation will enable prevent the time crunch experienced in preparing pens for new arrivals. intake, and performance. cattlehealth, to move and rest with comfort. Having the maintenance team adequately prepare pens before cattle are even Freedom pain, injury, or disease – Assurface newly arrived cattleashare signs, we focus on assessing •  Freedom from discomfort–Timely pen management, andinsanitation will bought isfrom important to assure this freedom is met.

Having bitbedding, ofclinical foresight thecan summer toencourage prepare forand fallenable can lameness and disease by reviewing case definitions and signs of disease with our new and experienced crew cattle to move andcrunch rest with comfort. Having the maintenance adequately prepare pens before cattle are even prevent the time experienced in preparing pens for newteam arrivals. members. is important to ensure freedom– is Having a bit of foresight in the summer to prepare fall can bought Freedom from pain, injury,this or disease Asmet. newly arrived cattle share clinical signs, we can focus onfor assessing  Freedom to express normal behavior – Normal behavior is best assessed by the cattle’s willingness to express prevent the and time crunch experienced in preparing pens forfull new arrivals. lameness disease by reviewing case definitions and signs of disease our new experienced crew orderly motion and exuberance.

Combining adequate footing, rumens, a sensewith of security in and the environment, • Freedom from pain, injury, or disease – As newly arrived cattle share clinical signs, we can focus on assessing members. and being physically well leads to play and exuberance. These normal behaviors can be viewed as an overall lameness Freedom todisease express normal behavior – Normal behavior is disease best assessed bynew the cattle’s willingness to members. express and reviewing casebeing definitions signs of with our and experienced crew assessment of how wellby the freedoms are met. and orderly motion and exuberance.

Combining footing, full rumens, sense of security in the Freedom from anxiety and distress – Anxiety andadequate distress can be is generated during amajor events in a calf’s life environment, •  Freedom to express normal behavior – Normal behavior best assessed by the cattle’s willingness to express such weaning, transport, andleads disease.

Oftenand times, the calves that full wenormal receive inafall are going through three and as being physically well to play exuberance.

These behaviors be viewed anof overall and orderly motion and exuberance.

Combining adequate footing, rumens, sense ofcan security in all theas environment, these events simultaneously.

These times of stress cause a rise in systemic cortisol which may suppress appetite and assessment of how are being met. being physically wellwell leadsthe tofreedoms play and exuberance.

These normal behaviors can be viewed as an overall assessment the immune system, leavingare the being calves at a –greater risk and for disease poorer response to vaccination. utilizing of Freedom anxiety and distress Anxiety distressand can be generated during major By events in a calf’s life how well from the freedoms met. low stress cattle handling techniques and acclimation, we can do our part to help reduce social and environmental such as weaning, transport, and disease.

Oftenand times, the calves that we receive in major fall areevents goingin through all three of • Freedom from anxiety and distress – Anxiety distress can be generated during a stressors that contribute to this rise in cortisol. Confidence in their new home facilitates achieving the other four calf’s life such these events simultaneously.

These times of stress cause a rise in systemic cortisol which may suppress appetite and asfreedoms. weaning, transport, and disease. Often times, the calves that we receive in fall are going through all three of these the immune system, leaving the calves at a greater risk for disease and poorer response to vaccination.

By utilizing events simultaneously. These times of stress cause a rise in systemic cortisol which may suppress appetite and the low stress cattle handling acclimation, we fall, can and do our part response to help reduce social andBy environmental immune system, leaving thetechniques calves aand greater for disease poorer to vaccination. utilizing low PAC is honored to work with caregivers andatwishes you risk a successful stressors contribute to thisand riseacclimation, in cortisol. Confidence in their new home facilitates achieving the other four stress cattlethat handling techniques we can do our part to help reduce social and environmental stressors Dr. that T freedoms. contribute to this rise in cortisol. Confidence in their new home facilitates achieving the other four freedoms.

PACisishonored honoredtotowork workwith withcaregivers caregivers andwishes wishes you a successful PAC and you a successful fall,fall,

How To Reach Us

Dr.TT Dr. Production Animal Consultation PO Box 41 Oakley, KS 67748 (785) How673-9572 To Reach Us www.pacdvms.com Production Animal Consultation

PO Box 41 Oakley, KS 67748 (785) 673-9572 www.pacdvms.com

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Table of Contents

8 ‘Heartbreak’ on the High Plains 11 Chuckles From Down Under 12 Millennials:

What Do They Want

14 Building Confidence

22 High Moisture Corn Management

23 Cartoon by Doug Gaswick 24 The Five Freedoms and Caregivers in Beef Cattle Husbandry

25 Caregiver Contribution to

15 Speaking for the Horses: A Pain Cattle Well-Being

in the Neck

17 Cattle Feeders Hall of Fame:

26 Using Enhanced Case

Decades of Dedication

Definitions for the Management of BRD

18 Research Update:

29 Getting to Know the PAC

Current Feedlot Cattle Health and Well-Being Program Recommendations

20 Grace and the Cornfield

Team: Garrett Taylor

30 4th Annual PAC

Beef Summit Review

31 Upcoming Events

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‘Heartbreak’ on By: Dr. Joe Neary, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University There’s a disease that causes cattle to die of a ‘broken’ heart: right-sided congestive heart failure (RHF) or, more commonly, brisket disease. This heartbreak, however, has nothing in common with cowboy romance novels–sorry to disappoint those of you hoping for a soppy love story in Protein Producers. Instead, the heart ‘breaks’, or fails, due to exhaustion. The disease starts when the blood vessels, or pulmonary arteries, that transport blood from the rightside of the heart to the lungs, begin to restrict flow. This increases the workload on the heart; just like a blocked irrigation pipe increases the workload on the water pump; if the blockage is not removed, the pump will fail.

The difference between right heart failure (brisket disease) and other causes of heart failure Brisket disease or RHF should not be confused with other causes of heart failure. These other causes affect specific areas of the heart: • Pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium, the outside of the heart. Hardware disease is a common example • Myocarditis: inflammation of the myocardium, the wall of the heart. Haemophilus somni infection of the left ventricle is one example • Endocarditis: inflammation of the endocardium, the inside lining of the heart. Bacterial colonization of the 8

major heart valves is one example.

Brisket disease differs from the above heart diseases because, unlike the above, the disease does not involve a specific area of the heart. Rather, the entire right-heart is involved due to narrowing of vessels downstream, in the pulmonary arteries–this is technically called cor pulmonale. Importantly, the above diseases can produce similar lesions to RHF on necropsy examination; consequently, the heart must be closely examined for other possible causes of heart failure.

Low oxygen levels in the lung cause right heart failure or brisket disease So why do the pulmonary arteries begin to narrow and restrict flow? For 3 possible reasons: 1) High altitude exposure, 2) Diseases of the lung such as pneumonia, and 3) Slow or shallow breathing. All 3 factors can trigger the disease through one common mechanism: they reduce the amount of oxygen entering into the lung.

The low levels of oxygen cause the pulmonary arteries to contract and narrow; this increases the resistance to blood flow–just like a blocked irrigation pipe–and causes the blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries to rise.

This is why cattle that have a high pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)–greater than 49 mm Hg–are thought to be at greatest risk of brisket disease.1 Cow-calf producers in the high country (> 7,000 ft) will typically only keep

the High Plains the High Plains the high country (> 7,000 ft) will typically breeding bulls that have PAP measure lessonly than keep 45 mm Hg breeding bulls that have PAP measure less than 45 at the altitude at which they are exposed to. Sincemm PAPHg is at the altitude at which they are exposed to. Since PAP is 2 moderately to highly heritable, 2 the progeny of these bulls moderately to highly heritable, the progeny of these bulls shouldhave havea lower a lower risk brisket disease than progeny should risk ofof brisket disease than progeny from sires with a greater PAP measure. from sires with a greater PAP measure.

Cow-calfproducers producers in high the high country have known Cow-calf in the country have known about about brisket disease for many years.

The disease brisket disease for many years. The disease was first was 3 first reported South Park, Colorado in 1915.

The reported in SouthinPark, Colorado in 1915.3 The disease diseaseknown became as ‘highdisease’ altitudebecause, disease’ because, became asknown ‘high altitude up until the the1960s, diseasethe was only seen altitudes up1960s, until the disease was at only seen atover altitudes 7,000ft. over 7,000ft.

approximately 4 cattleenteritis). died of digestive disorders (bloat,loss intestinal disorders, So, although the death intestinal disorders, enteritis).

So, although the death from brisket disease in feedlot cattle is relatively loss small from brisket disease in feedlot cattle is relatively small at at present, it is not trivial. Furthermore, the majority of present, it is not trivial. Furthermore, the majority of the the occurred cases occurred after approximately 4 months on feed. cases after approximately 4 months on feed.

Therefore, death loss from brisket disease is very costly Therefore, death loss from brisket disease is very costly because these animals typically die after much because these animals typically die after much feed, feed, resources, and labor have been invested. resources, and labor have been invested.

Continued nextpage page Continued on on next

High disease is no longer an appropriate namename for Highaltitude altitude disease is no longer an appropriate this disease because the disease has since been seen to for this disease because the disease has since been seen occur at allataltitudes–high altitude merely increases the the to occur all altitudes–high altitude merely increases risk (Figure 1). risk (Figure 1).

So what does this all mean for you, the feedlot producer? It So what does this all mean for you, the feedlot producer? means that congestive heart failure or brisket disease is It means that congestive heart or Morley, brisket disease likely occurring in your yard.

Drs.failure Booker, is likely occurring in your yard.

Drs. Booker, Morley, Wildman, and I recently conducted an epidemiological Wildman, and I recently conducted an epidemiological study of 10 Canadian and 5 US feedlots located at altitudes study offrom 10 Canadian and 5 US located at altitudes ranging 2,000 to 4,200 ft.4 feedlots The study involved 4 ranging from 2,000 to 4,200 ft.

The study involved approximately 1.6 million cattle over a 12-year period. approximately 1.6 million cattle over a 12-year period.

We found that the incidence of brisket disease doubled from years 2008. In of 2012, 1 perdisease 1,000 feedlot We the found that2000 the to incidence brisket doubled cattle died of brisket disease.

To put that in perspective, from the years 2000 to 2008. In 2012, 1 per 1,000 feedlot cattle died of brisket disease. To put that in perspective, approximately 4 cattle died of digestive disorders (bloat,

Figure 1. The risk of right-sided congestive heart failure (RHF) or brisket disease in Canadian and U.S. feedlots in 2012 according to feedlot altitude. The risk of RHF appears to be greater in feedlots located at higher altitudes.

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Risk Riskfactors factors We Weidentified identifiedseveral severalrisk riskfactors factorsthat thatincrease increasethe therisk riskofof brisket disease: brisket disease:  Bovine respiratory disease (BRD): cattle treated for • BRD Bovine respiratory disease (BRD): treated for were 3 times more likely to die cattle from RHF than BRD that werewere 3 times more likely to die from RHF than cattle not treated. cattle that were not  Age: cattle entering treated. feedlots as yearlings tended to die • earlier Age: cattle feedlots as calf-feds, yearlings but tended to in the entering feeding period than die earlieracross in the period period than calf-feds, averaged thefeeding entire feeding they had but the averaged across entire feeding had same risk of RHF.the In another researchperiod study,they we found the same risk of RHF. that PAP measures tendIn to another increaseresearch through study, the we 5 found that PAP measures to increase through the This maytend explain why cattle tend to feeding period. have an increased risk may of RHF the closer they get feeding period.5 This explain why cattle tendtoto their weight. have finishing an increased risk of RHF the closer they get to  Season of feedlot placement: cattle placed in US their finishing weight.

May 1 toplacement: December 31cattle had placed in • feedlots Season from of feedlot approximately twice the rate of RHF than cattle US feedlots from May 1 to December 31placed had in feedlots from January 1 to March 31.

This may be approximately twice the rate of RHF than cattle due to seasonal differences in climate, or it may reflect placed in feedlots from January 1 to March 31. This differences in the type of cattle that are typically may be due to seasonal differences in climate, or it received during these periods. may reflect differences in the type of cattle that are typically Clinical signs received during these periods.

In many cases, brisket disease occurs undetected because Clinical the clinicalsigns signs of congestive heart failure are variable In many cases, brisket disease occursdisease. undetected because and may be confused with respiratory These the clinical signs of congestive heart failure are variable include labored, or open-mouth, breathing, rough hair coat, and may with respiratory disease. signs Theseof glazed eyes,beandconfused reluctance to move.

More specific include labored, open-mouth, breathing, rough hair heart failure includeorswellings of various body regions including the brisket region (hence,tobrisket belly, coat, glazed eyes, and reluctance move.disease), More specific and under the jaw.

The jugular vein will also become signs of heart failure include swellings of various body engorged blood and, later in the disease, may show regions with including the brisket region (hence, brisket pulsations, whichand indicates the major valve invein the heart disease), belly, under that the jaw.

The jugular will isalso leaking. become engorged with blood and, later in the disease, may show pulsations, which indicates that the major valve Necropsy findings in the heart is leaking.

On necropsy examination, cattle that died of heart failure will have an enlarged, flabby right ventricle (the chamber ofNecropsy the heartfindings closest to the head) (Figure 2). Other findings On necropsy examination, cattle that died of heart failure typically include, will have an enlarged, flabby right ventricle chamber  Enlargement of the liver and a mottled or (the ‘nutmeg’ of appearance the heart closest to the head) (Figure 2).

Other findings when sliced, typically include,  Fluid accumulation in the chest and abdomen, • Edema Enlargement of the liver and a mottled or and ‘nutmeg’ (fluid accumulation) of the intestines appearance when sliced, mesentery (membranous tissue in the abdomen), • Enlargement Fluid accumulation in the chest and abdomen, of the mesenteric lymph nodes (due to • edema).

Edema (fluid accumulation) of the intestines and  Fluid accumulation in the pericardial (membrane mesentery (membranous tissue in thesac abdomen), surrounding the heart).

• Enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes (due to edema), Other potential causes of in heart described • Fluid accumulation the failure–previously pericardial sac (membrane –mustsurrounding also be ruled out.

Unfortunately, there is no the heart). treatment for this disease of the risk factors Other potential causesandofmany heart failure–previously remain unknown. This is concerning for the cattle industry, described –must also be ruled out. Unfortunately, there is particularly if the incidence of the disease continues to no treatment for this disease and many of the risk factors climb. remain unknown. This is concerning for the cattle industry,

Figure 2. Narrowing of the pulmonary arteries in response to low levels of oxygen in the lung increases resistance to blood flow pumped through the lung by the right ventricle or chamber of the heart (red arrows). The increased workload causes the heart to enlarge. Eventually, the heart becomes so enlarged that it can no longer function – the valves begin to leak and contractions are impaired – leading to heart failure and death. The left ventricle (blue arrows) always forms the apex of the heart, the lowest part of the heart as it sits in the chest, and is closer to the diaphragm than the right ventricle.

Survey particularly if the incidence of the disease continues to The University of Nebraska Lincoln, Kansas State climb.

University, and Texas Tech University have collaborated on a short survey that you can find at www.beefusa.info/ SurveyIt will take approximately 5 minutes to complete survey.

Thewill University of Nebraska Lincoln, Kansas State and help us understand more about this complex University, and Texas Tech University have collaborated emerging disease. ** on a short survey that you can find at www.beefusa.info/ survey. It will take approximately 5 minutes to complete References will help usR.understand about this testing complex 1.and Holt T, Callan Pulmonarymore arterial pressure for emerging disease. ** in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food high mountain disease Anim Pract 2007;23:575-596.

References 2.1. Shirley Beckman DW, Garrick Inheritance Holt T, KL, Callan R. Pulmonary arterial DJ. pressure testing of for pulmonary arterial pressure in Vet Angus its Anim high mountain disease in cattle.

Clincattle North and Am Food Pract 2007;23:575-596. correlation with growth. J Anim Sci 2008;86:815-819.

2. Shirley KL, Beckman DW, Garrick DJ. Inheritance of

3.pulmonary Glover GH, Newsom IE.inBrisket disease of high arterial pressure Angus cattle and(dropsy its correlation altitude).

In: Colorado Experiment Station; with growth.

J Anim SciAgricultural 2008;86:815-819.

1915:3-24.

3. Glover GH, Newsom IE. Brisket disease (dropsy of high In: Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station; 4.altitude).

Neary JM, Booker CW, Wildman BK, et al. Right heart 1915:3-24. failure in North American feedlot cattle. J Vet Intern Med 4. Neary JM, Booker CW, Wildman BK, et al. Right heart 2015. failure in North American feedlot cattle. J Vet Intern Med 2015.

Neary JM, JM, Garry Garry FB, FB,Holt HoltTN, TN,etetal.al.Mean Meanpulmonary pulmonary 5.5. Neary arterialpressures pressures in in Angus Angus steers steers increase increase from arterial from cow-calf cow-calftoto feedlot finishing phases. J Anim Sci 2015;93:1-8. feedlot finishing phases. J Anim Sci 2015;93:1-8.

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RUMIOTD1405 (01/14)

Chuckles From Down Under By: Jane Sullivan, Bell Veterinary Services, Australia A burglar was in the midst of robbing a house when a strange, disembodied voice echoed through the dark: “Jesus is watching you!” Startled, the burglar clicked on his flashlight and swept the beam around the room. He saw nothing out of the ordinary, so he turned off the flashlight.

But as he was scooping up a handful of jewelry, he heard again, clear as a bell, “Jesus is watching you!”

The burglar began to feel scared, so he turned on his flashlight again and passed it over every corner of the room.

Finally, in the far corner, his beam landed on a parrot in a cage. “Was that you talking?” he hissed at the parrot.

“Yep,” the parrot said. “I’m just trying to warn you.”

Feeling more relaxed, the burglar said, “Warn me, huh? And what’s your name pretty birdy?”

The bird said, “Moses.”

“Moses?” the burglar laughed. “What kind of people would name a bird Moses?”

“The kind of people who would name a Rottweiler Jesus.”

Little Johnny’s kindergarten class was on a field trip to their local police station where they saw pictures tacked to a bulletin board of the 10 most wanted criminals.

One of the youngsters pointed to a picture and asked if it really was the photo of a wanted person.

“Yes,” said the policeman. “The detectives very badly want to capture him.”

Little Johnny asked, “Why didn’t you keep him when you took his picture?”

A nervous passenger had a window seat on an aeroplane. He fidgeted, wrung his hands and tried to breathe deeply to calm down.

After a while, he commented to the passenger on his right side, “Boy, we must be cruising pretty high up.

The people down there look like ants.”

The other passenger said, “Those are ants. We haven’t taken off yet!”

Millennials Millennials By: Dr. Nels Lindberg, Production Animal Consultation

By: Dr. Nels Lindberg, Production Animal Consultation The subject of “millennials” has been a topic of serious The subject “millennials” has GenXers been a topic of serious concern or of frustration for many and Boomers concern or frustration for many GenXers and over the last decade, me included! We say, andBoomers I’m just over the last decade, me included!

We say, and I’m as guilty, that they don’t know how to work, they just onlyas guilty, that they don’t know how to work, they only care care about themselves, and they’re lazy! about themselves, and they’re lazy!

Many of us have been frustrated beyond oblivion, and have been andfrustrated out of ideas of what to do. But Many of usconfused have been beyond oblivion, and there are many “thoroughbred” or “rock star” millennials have been confused and out of ideas of what to do. But out there doing“thoroughbred” great things or or capable doing great there are many “rock of star” millennials things! out there doing great things or capable of doing great things!

We must understand there are ways to improve upon our abilities lead them.there Remember, as we We must to understand are ways to educate improve upon ourselves subject, must do so as are the our abilitiesontothis lead them.weRemember, as they we educate largest generation out of all generations, topping out the ourselves on this subject, we must do so as they are the boomers by 1 mil, from 75.6 million Boomers to 76.6 largest out They of all are generations, toppingour outnext the milliongeneration Millennials. our next leaders, Boomers by 1 million, from 75.6 million Boomers to 76.6 head cowboy, our next mill manager, our next feedmillion yard’s millennials. managers. They are our next leaders, our next head cowboy, our next mill manager, our next feed-yard’s managers.

Keep in mind, the number one factor why millennials are who in they are the is based on one For are Keep mind, number one thing, factor technology. why millennials those of us older than the millennials, we weren’t raised 12

who they are is based on one thing, technology. For those with phones.

If you were likewe me,weren’t an 80s and 90swith of uscell older than the millennials, raised kid, didn’t get cellphones until college or and after,90s andkid, cell we phones.

If you were like me, an 80s they darn sure didn’t have internet.

We didn’t have we didn’t get cellphones until college or after, andemail they until Buthave these sort of We technologies have helped darn college. sure didn’t internet. didn’t have email until form whoBut theythese are and they operate.have helped form college. sortshow of technologies who they are and how they operate.

For us to be successful in employing millennials, to have excellent retention of them, and to help them achieve For ussuccess to be successful employing to have great at their job,inthere are keymillennials, areas we must excellent retention of them, and to help them achieve address. The number one key area is to form more than a great success atrelationship. their job, there keyto areas boss-employee Theyare want know we youmust and address. The understand younumber first. one key area is to form more than a boss-employee relationship. They want to know you and understand you first.them with strict rules, protocols, and Before you hammer SOPs, let them get to know their team leader. This doesn’t spend allthem day with means spend Before mean you hammer withthem, strictthis rules, protocols, 30 minutes with them getting to know them, their family, and SOPs, let them get to know their team leader. This their passions, and what theywith wantthem, out ofthis lifemeans currently doesn’t mean spend all day spend and their job.with They want to betomore than justtheir a number, 30 minutes them getting know them, family, they to be part a team be out a valuable of theirwant passions, and of what theyand want of life part currently the team. and their job. They want to be more than just a number, they want to be part of a team and be a valuable part of Millennials want us to be real, they want us to be the team. authentic. They want us to be ourselves, and not be perfect. As leaders of millennials, we must be willing to Millennials want us to be want real, they want usfailures. to be authentic. admit our mistakes, they to hear our They want us to be ourselves, and not be Anyone that can do those things will be moreperfect. real, moreAs leaders of millennials, we must be willing to our personal, and more successful at leading anyone,admit not just mistakes, they want to hear our failures. Anyone that 12

What Do They Want can do those things will be more real, more personal, and millennials.

Swallowing our pride and not doing is easy for more successful at leading anyone, justthis millennials. some and virtually impossible to others.

If you can or Swallowing our pride and doing this is easy forteach some train yourself to improve in this area, you will be more and virtually impossible to others. If you can teach or successful with the millennials. train yourself to improve in this area, you will be more with the millennials.

Assuccessful you go through meetings and communications with them, you must “overshare” and tell them your mission, As visions, you go and through and communications your your meetings purpose. If you don’t, they will with them, you understand, must “overshare” and tellthose themthings. your mission, never know, nor buy into And yourpack visions, purpose.

If you don’t, theyanwill likely theirand bagsyour sooner rather than later finding never know, understand, buytointo those organization that will. Theynor want know yourthings. And organization’s “Why”. you rather told your likely pack their bagsHave sooner thanteam later members things yet?that will. They want to finding these an organization know your organization’s “Why”. Have you Wetold could about many things, but toyet? finish up, yourtalk team members these things they want training, they especially want mentorship, aremany looking to you We could and talk they about things, butfor to finish guidance, but as you do so, they want to also be up, they want training, they especially want able to provide and input.they Hiring andtothen mentorship, are them, looking you for letting them go and want mentorship guidance, butwithout as youguidance do so, they to also will fail.

But again, likethem, to “beand heard”. belikely able to provide input.they Hiring then letting them go without guidance and mentorship Some may have bad ideas, but before you squelch will likely fail. But again, they like to “be heard”. any ideas, remember, they are all watching how you react. If you squelch the bad idea, the Some may have bad ideas, but before you squelch “thoroughbred” that you hired will be watching any ideas, remember, they are all watching how that and will be less likely to present his awesome you react. If you squelch the bad idea, the idea. If you have hired right and done many of these things, “thoroughbred” that you hired will be watching

that and will be less likely to present his awesome idea. If these that drive us allmany nuts,of can do awesome you millennials have hired right and done these things, these things.

They are out there, but we must lead them, form millennials that drive us all nuts, can do awesome things. excellent relationships, communicate well, share our They are out there, but we must lead them, form excellent purpose, missions, and visions, and real byour telling our relationships, communicate well,be share purpose, failures. missions, and visions, and be real by telling our failures.

And I forgot one thing, give them regular feedback.

And I forgot them regular feedback.as Remember, they one werething, raised give getting trophies for winning Remember, raisedthat getting trophies for KRAs winning well as losing.they Wewere will make the next article, as well as losing.

We will make that the next article, and Feedback! ** KRAs and Feedback! **

The heading picture is from adweek.com and the above graphic is from torusmarketing.com.

13

Building BuildingConfidence Confidence

By: Ted Howard, Production Animal Consultation help. Confident horses make pulling new or highly By: Ted Howard, sensitive cattle the more (pictured above) Production Animal Consultation sensitivecattle cattleeasier. easier.The Theeasier easierit is it to is pull to pull cattle the By: above) Ted Howard, Production Animal Consultation sensitive cattle easier.

The easier it is to pull cattle the m (pictured confident we become in our in job. more confident we become our job. (pictured above) confident we become in our job.

Confidence is essential in successfully handling livestock.

Confidence is essential in successfullycan handling livestock.

When emptying penspens a confident horse will be will be We asConfidence stockmen and stockwomen build it in our WhenWhen emptying aa confident confident horse is essential in successfully handling emptying pens horse will beup a We as stockmen and stockwomen can build it in our livestock. approachable to cattle.

This is important for setting horses, they in turn build it in the cattle we handle, and approachable to cattle.

This is important for setting up aup a We as stockmen and stockwomen can build it in our approachable to cattle.

This is important forpen setting horses, they in turn build it in the cattle we handle, and at good experience for the cattle as they leave their or at the end a productive day we have good good experience for the cattle as they their pen orpen or horses, they in turn build itconfidence inconfidence the cattle handle, experience the cattle as leave they leave their the end of aofproductive day the the wewe have in inand at“home” to be exercised,forweighed, re-vacced and/or loaded. ourselves increases. “home” to be exercised, weighed, re-vacced and/or the end of a productive day the confidence we have in “home” to behorse exercised, weighed, and/or ourselves increases.

A quiet confident can move amongst cattle and flowload ourselves increases. loaded.

A quiet confident horse can move amongst cattle A quiet confident horse can move amongst cattle out of the pen with them while keeping motion in draftsand of flo The partnership we have with our horse starts first thing and flow out of the pen with them while keeping motion out of the pen with them while keeping motion in drafts The partnership we have with our horse starts first thing in cattle as they head up the alley.

The partnership with starts first thing inin drafts cattle theyashead the up alley. in the morning when we have catch them forhorse the day’s of as cattle theyup head the alley. the morning when we we catch them forour the day’s work.work.

How the morning when we catch them for the day’s work.

How Howaccept they accept sets thefor tone theIfday. wetoo are too they us setsusthe tone theforday. weIfare When we work with fat cattle we can ask our horses to step they accept us sets thein tone for day. Ifvery we low. are we work with cattle wecan cancattle askour our horses to s aggressive their confidence confidence in us will willthe become very low.too When we work with fat fat cattle we ask horses aggressive their us become up andWhen create more energy to keep the fat moving. aggressive their confidence in us will become very low. Cattle up and create more energy to keep the fat cattle moving. to step up and create more energy to keep the fat read off of the quickness of our horse’s feet. Incattle a Cattle read off of the quickness of our horse’s feet.

When our horses are confident leaving the barn and When our horses are confident leaving the barn and moving. Cattle read the create quickness of to ourmotivate horse’sIn a controlled manner thisoff canofhelp energy When are confident leaving the barn and controlled this this can can helphelp create energy to motivat entering the penshorses the cattle confident fat cattle movemanner steadily. entering the our become reassured or confident feet.

In ato controlled manner create energy to entering the pens the cattle become reassured or confident fat cattle to move steadily. in in our ourpresence. presence.AAconfident confidenthorse horsewill willhave havea alow lowhead headset motivate fat cattle to move steadily. our presence.

A confident horse will have a low head set that isinrelaxed and and an easy walk.

Confident cattle will move easier, they will flow through a set that is relaxed an easy walk. that is relaxed and an easy walk.

Confident cattle will moveand easier, they will flow through processing environment calmer they canflow be weighed Confident cattle will move easier, they will through a processing environment calmer and they can be weighed Cattle are prey animals.

They sense nervousness in a horse CattleCattle are prey animals.

They sense nervousness ininaa horse processing environment theyis can be weighed and loaded in a smoother calmer manner.and This all established are prey animals.

They sense nervousness as something to fear.

When a horse has fast feet and a high and loaded inand a smoother manner.

This all established horseasassomething somethingtotofear. fear.When When a horse fast andthe loaded in a smoother manner.

This is our allisestablished by confidence demeanor of us and horses. a horse hashas fastbe feetfeet and a high head set, it can frighten cattle and cause them to byconfidence the confidence and demeanor of us and horses. and ahead high set, headit set, can frighten cattle and them causeto them by the and confidence demeanor of us and ourour horses. can itfrighten cattle and cause be Confident horses instill in their riders and distrustful and difficult to handle.

Confident horses instill confidence in their riders and to be distrustful and difficult to handle.

Confident create horsesmore instill confidence in members. their riders essentially productive team ** and essentially productive members. essentially createcreate more more productive team team members. ** ** Cattle that are unsure or frightened will hide any illness Cattle that are unsure or frightened will hide any illness Cattle that are unsure or frightened will hide any illness or or morbidity that we need to identify. This causes late or morbidity we to realize identify.

This causes late morbidity that results we that need to need identify.

This causes late pulls pulls and poor when we do they need pulls and poor results when we do realize they need and poor results when we do realize they need help. Confident horses make pulling new or highly help. Confident horses make pulling new or highly 14

14

14

Speaking for the Horses: A Pain in the Neck By: Dr. Matt Fehr, Animal Medical Center, Great Bend, KS By: Dr. Matt Fehr, Animal Medical Center, Great Bend, KS It’s chiropractic month at Animal Medical Center, so I thought I wouldmonth talk aatbit about Medical what chiropractic It’s chiropractic Animal Center, so care I can do Ifor yourtalk horses. of you have yourcare horses thought would a bit Many about what chiropractic can adjusted fairly regularly and I applaud you and will do for your horses. Many of you have your horses adjusted hopefully give and you Iaapplaud little more what wegive are fairly regularly you insight and willonhopefully accomplishing those of you who you a little morewith insight onadjustments. what we areThose accomplishing with Those of youmaybe who have had havethose neveradjustments. had your horse adjusted, I cannever give you your horse adjusted, maybe I can you givetoyou enough information to stimulate tryenough it out. information to stimulate you to try it out.

The first question I always get is, “how do you know if The question I always get is, “how know yourfirst horse needs an adjustment?”

Theredo is ayou very longiflist your horse needs an adjustment?”

There is a very long list of signs that could hint at a horse needing an adjustment. of signs that could hint at a horse needing an adjustment.

They include, but are not limited to, lameness, soreness They but are not limited lameness, sorenesstail of of theinclude, back, neck or virtually anyto,other area, holding the back, neck or virtually any other area, holding tail or or head strangely, refusal to go into a lead on one side, head strangely, refusal to go into a lead on one side, bucking out outof ofthe theblue, blue,bucking buckinginintransition, transition,refusal refusaltoto bucking bend, sore sore when when cinched, cinched, etc. etc. bend, Quite frankly, frankly, II would would say say any any horse horse that that has has either either never never Quite been adjusted or that has not been adjusted in recent been adjusted or that has not been adjusted in recent

history, would wouldbenefit benefitfrom from adjustment, especially history, an an adjustment, especially horses that thatare areworked workedororridden riddenhard. hard.

But, they horses But, do do not not they

have horse’s day-to-day have to to even even be be in in use use to to be be in need. A horse’s day-to-day

life and life is is full full of what we call micro-trauma. Just walking and

standing on hard surfaces, putting a thousand pounds on standing on hardManufacturing surfaces, a thousand pounds on Daniels Danielsputting Manufacturing Co. Co.

the small their feet isis enough issues.

World’ssurface Leading Manufacturer Theof World’s Leading of Cattle Manufacturer Handling Equipment of Cattleto Handling Equipment theThe small surface of their feet enough to cause issues. cause

What does it mean for a horse to be “out”? Chiropractors hate to use “out” when talking about chiropractic care.

Saying a bone is out bone being out of place, What does it mean for indicates a horse toabe “out”?

Chiropractors which is really not the case. hate to use “out” when talking about chiropractic care.

Saying a bone is out indicates a bone being out of place, The bones do not which is really nottechnically the case. get out of place, they actually just get stuck such that the joint does not move freely as it should.

Wenot call this “stuckage” A joint The bones do technically get outaofsubluxation. place, they actually being causes decrease in flexibility, causes just get subluxated stuck such that the ajoint does not move freely as it tensionWe in the and tendons around the should. call muscles this “stuckage” a subluxation.

A joint, joint and being subluxated causes decrease in as flexibility, causes causes inflammation of athose tissues well as the nerves tension in the muscles and all tendons thestiffness joint, and involved in the area. This causesaround pain and that causes inflammation worsens with time. of those tissues as well as the nerves involved in the area. This all causes pain and stiffness that worsens with time.joint is left uncorrected for an extended If the subluxated time, the surrounding tissues can fibrose and in a sense If“lock” the subluxated leftposition. uncorrected an extended the joint joint into is that Thisfor is why many of time, the surrounding tissues can fibrose and in a sense these issues require multiple adjustments, over a period “lock” the joint into that position. This is why many of of weeks, ordermultiple to get them to stay over in their normal these issues in require adjustments, a period of position. weeks, in order to get them to stay in their normal position.

A common misconception is that chiropractic adjustments all about the skeleton.is Truth is, our adjustments are Aare common misconception that chiropractic adjustments actually more about the nervous system than the skeleton. are all about the skeleton. Truth is, our adjustments are Everything the the body, from system musclesthan to the intestines, actually moreinabout nervous skeleton.is controlled in bythe thebody, nervous system.

Everything from muscles to intestines, is controlled by the nervous system.

Continued on the next page Continued on the next page

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PAGE AD

Daniels Manufacturing Co.

Daniels Mfg. Same

whisper half PAGE AD NEW The central nervous system is contained in the skull and spine and it sends signals throughout the body through nerves that exit between the vertebrae the entire length of The central nervous system is contained in the skull and the spine. spine and it sends signals throughout the body through nerves that exit between the vertebrae the entire length of When we have subluxations of these vertebrae and the spine. thus the inflammation we talked about above, we cause impingement of subluxations those nerves of which turn affects the When we have thesein vertebrae and thus organ(s) those nerves the inflammation wecontrol. talked about above, we cause impingement of those nerves which in turn affects the If organ(s) it is part those of thenerves intestine, then this could cause a change control. in gut motility and cause the horse to colic. If the nerve is If it is partthe of muscles the intestine, could cause change controlling of thethen leg,this it may cause thea horse gut motility andorcause toinmisstep and trip even the fall.horse to colic. If the nerve is controlling the muscles of the leg, it may cause the horse to misstep and trip or even Take for example, a horse thatfall. is jumping over an obstacle.

This horse is expected to propel its thousand pound Takealong for example, a horse is jumping overabove an the body, with saddle andthat rider, into the air obstacle.

This horse is expected to propel its thousand obstacle and then land safely on its feet on the other side. pound body, along with saddle and rider, into the air This takes very coordinated contraction and release of above the obstacle and then land safely on its feet on the thousands ofThis muscle perform correctly.

If and that other side. takesfibers very to coordinated contraction horse has impinged nerves that are not firing efficiently release of thousands of muscle fibers to perform and on time,Ifhe could potentially collapse in catastrophe correctly. that horse has impinged nerves that are not onfiring the other side of the obstacle. efficiently and on time, he could potentially collapse in catastrophe on the other side of the obstacle.

So what does this all mean for you? Well, if you have a horse that you feel has become painful and is not working does this all meandefinitely for you? Well, you have toSo itswhat full potential, it most could ifbenefit froma horse that you feel has become painful and is not working 16to its full potential, it most definitely could benefit from

an adjustment. But more than that, if you have your horse adjusted on a regular basis, they will have fewer injuries, an adjustment.

Butefficient more than you have yourwill horse they will be more withthat, theirif feed and they in adjusted on a regular basis, they will have fewer injuries, general feel better and perform better. they will be more efficient with their feed and they will in general feel better and perform better.

It’s kind of like your truck, you change the oil and It’s kind likeregularly your truck, the oil and rotate rotate theoftires to you keepchange it performing correctly. the tires regularly to keep performing correctly.

Shouldn’t your horse haveitregular maintenance to keep it Shouldn’t performingyour too?horse ** have regular maintenance to keep it performing too? ** Pictured Below: Dr. Matt Fehr performing an adjustment

16

Cattle CattleFeeders FeedersHall Hallof ofFame: Fame: Decades Decadesof ofDedication Dedication We that Feedyard We were excited that Karla Olson from Hoxie Feedyard Wewere wereexcited excited thatKarla KarlaOlson Olsonfrom fromHoxie Hoxie Feedyard was awarded the Arturo Armendariz Distinguished was awarded the Arturo Armendariz Distinguished was awarded the Arturo Armendariz Distinguished Service Award the Cattle Feeders Hall ofofFame.

The Service Awardbyby by the Cattle Feeders Hall of Fame.

Service the Cattle Feeders Hall Fame.

The following article by Suzanne B. Bopp for Drovers The following article by Suzanne B. Bopp for Drovers following article by Suzanne B. Bopp for Drovers CattleNetwork details Karla’s work experience and CattleNetwork details Karla’s work experience CattleNetwork details Karla’s work experience and and dedication.

We feel blessed to work with such an dedication.

We feel blessed to work with such an dedication. We feel blessed to work with such an outstanding person.

Thank you, Karla, for all you do. outstanding person. outstanding person.Thank Thankyou, you,Karla, Karla,forforallallyou youdo.do.

“Here” is isat Hoxie Feedyard, some 4040 years later.

Many “Here” is at atHoxie Hoxie Feedyard, some 40 years later.

Many “Here” Feedyard, some years later.

Many changes occurred during those years, both personally and changes occurred during those years, both personally and changes occurred during professionally.

Olson married and raised three children, professionally.

Olson married and raised three children, professionally. Olson married and raised three children, Jared, Keri and Rebecca; she now has four grandchildren, Jared, Keri and Rebecca; she now Jared, Keri and Rebecca; she nowhas hasfour fourgrandchildren, grandchildren, also.

And the feedyard grew from about 10,000 head and also. about and aa also.And Andthethefeedyard feedyardgrew grewfrom from about10,000 10,000head head and a dozen employees to today’s capacity of 53,000 head dozen dozenemployees employeestototoday’s today’scapacity capacityofof53,000 53,000head head tended by 49employees. employees.

Millions of pounds of feed, tended byby 4949employees.

Millions ofof pounds ofoffeed, tended Millions pounds feed, thousands of head of cattle — Olson tracked them thousands thousandsofofhead headofofcattle cattle——Olson Olsontracked trackedthem themall,all, all, Karla Olson has lived every day.

Today, her job entails “more ofeverything,” everything,” Karla has every day.

Today, her job entails “more ofofeverything,” KarlaOlson Olson haslived livedher her every day.

Today, her job entails “more herlife entire life in one Olson Olson says; because the yard ismuch so much larger, there’s entire one town: says; because the yard is so larger, there’s entire lifeinin one town: Olson says; because the yard iscomputer so much has larger, there’s town: Hoxie, Kan., a more to keep track of.

“The also made a Hoxie, Kan., a small town totokeep of.of.“The computer has made Hoxie, Kan., a small town more more keeptrack track “The computer hasalso also madea big a she big small town — about big difference — I was not ever a computer person,” ——about 1,500 residents — ——I was a computer person,” she about 1,500 residents — difference difference wasnot notever ever a computer person,” shesays. says.

1,500 residents — says.

“All the Ihandwritten stuff we used todon’t do, we don’t ononthe fork the the handwritten stuff we used to do, we do thenorth north forkofof the on “All “All the handwritten stuff we used to do, we don’t do the north fork of do anymore.”

Solomon River.

And forforthe anymore.”

Solomon River.

And anymore.”

Solomon River.she And for most ofof that time, most that time, shehas has most of that time, she Olson describes her day-to-day work as pretty routine as worked ininone worked onejob.

Olson describes her work routine asas Olson describes herday-to-day day-to-day work pretty routine has worked injob. one job. she tallies up everything that goes onasataspretty the yard.

“I always she tallies up everything that goes on at the yard.

“I always she up everything that goes on at the yard. always say tallies I’m a day behind. Whatever happens today, I’ll“Irun the The Hoxie slogan I’m a tomorrow day Whatever happens today, I’ll thethe The Hoxie sloganproclaims proclaims say I’m a daybehind. behind.

Whatever happens today, I’llrun run The Hoxie slogan say reports morning.”

She looks forward to harvest itsits“Good great morning.”

She toto harvest “Goodcrops, crops, great proclaims its “Good reports reports tomorrow morning.”

Shelooks looks forward harvest time, tomorrow when her routine is shaken up. forward “They always laugh families.”

Here, her parents time, when her routine is shaken up.

“They always families.”

Here, families.” her parents crops, great at mewhen because can’t I like harvest time,” time, herthey routine is believe shaken how up. “They alwayslaugh laugh operated and memebecause they can’t believe how harvest time,” operated a dairy farm, and atat Here, a dairy her farm, parents she says.

“I say, ‘Well, it’s different.’ corn harvest, we because they can’t believe howI like IInlike harvest time,” Olson and her three older siblings grew up milking cows says.

“I say, ‘Well, it’s different.’

In corn harvest, we Olson anda her three olderand siblings operated dairy farm, Olsongrew andup hermilking three cows older she may have 300 trucks come across the scale in a day.

It’s she says. “I say, ‘Well, it’s different.’ In corn harvest, we —siblings that “We were she says. have 300 —with withallall thatentails.

“We werealways there,” she says. may grew upentails. milking cows —always withthere,” all that entails. a busy time.” may have 300trucks truckscome comeacross acrossthethescale scaleinina day. a day.It’s It’sa a “You bebethere and and dodowhat needed toto busy time.”

“We were always there,” she says.

“You had to be there “Youhad hadtoto there andavailable available and what needed busy time.” beand It’s early, that available doOlson whatabsorbed needed to be one done.”

It’s a During Olson’s tenure, the feedyard has changed bedone.” done.”

It’sa lesson aand lesson Olson absorbed early, one that taught her a work ethic that has stuck with her.

The family lesson Olson absorbed early, one that taught her a work ownership several times.

Scott Foote, the current owner taught her a work ethic that has stuck with her. The family During Olson’s tenure, thethefeedyard has During Olson’s tenure, feedyard haschanged changed also grew corn and alfalfa and raised pigs and chickens, ethic that has stuck with her.

The family also grew corn and manager, nominated Olson for the Arturo Armendariz also grew corn and alfalfa and raised pigs and chickens, ownership thethecurrent owner ownershipseveral severaltimes. times.Scott ScottFoote, Foote, current owner and even grazed a few beef cattle, all of which they and alfalfa and raised pigs and chickens, and even grazed Distinguished Service Award.

“I didn’t know anything and even grazed a few beef cattle, all of which they and manager, nominated Olson for the Arturo Armendariz and manager, nominated Olson for the Arturo Armendariz continued after they stopped milking acontinued few beef cattle, all of which theycows. continued after they Distinguished about it untilService Scott called me to say he’d entered my name after they stopped milking cows.

Award.

Distinguished Service Award.“I“Ididn’t didn’tknow knowanything anything stopped milking cows. and I’d won,” Olson says. about Scott aboutit ituntil until Scottcalled calledmemetotosay sayhe’d he’dentered enteredmy myname name “Dad always I graduated out and I’d won,” Olson says.

“Dad alwayssaid saidwhen when I graduated outofofhigh highschool, school, and I’dsays won,” Olsonwork says.habits made her a perfect fit for “Dad always said when Ishe graduated out they ofthey high school, Foote Olson’s they done with that,” “And were.” theywere were done with that,” shesays. says.

“And were.” they were done with that,” she says.

“AndOlson they were.” the award. “I nominated Karla because she embodies all They sold thethe dairy cows.

After high school, They sold dairy cows.

After high school, Olsonwent wenttoto Foote says work habits made a perfect fitfitfor Foote saysOlson’s Olson’s work habits madeher her a perfect for They sold the dairy cows.

After high school, Olson the award is about.

She’s consistent, very steady, very a vocational school inin Goodland, Kan., totolearn a vocational school Goodland, Kan., learn the award.

“I nominated Karla because she embodies all the award.

“I nominated Karla because she embodies all went to a vocational school in Goodland, Kan., to learn dedicated,” he says. “She wants her job done right, and bookkeeping always liked working with numbers,” she bookkeeping(“I(“I always liked working with numbers,” she thethe award is isabout. consistent, award about. consistent, verysteady, steady, bookkeeping (“I always liked working with numbers,” she makes sure itShe’s isShe’s done right. Hervery work ethic very isvery a good says).

She knew she wouldn’t stay ononthethefarm.

“That was says).

She knew she wouldn’t stay farm.

“That was dedicated,” he says.

“She wants her job done right, and dedicated,” he says.

“She wants her job done right, andshe she she says).

She knew she wouldn’t stay on the farm.

“That example for everyone around her.” not really ananoption after wewedownsized,” she says.

“There not really option after downsized,” she says.

“There makes sure it is done right.

Her work ethic is a good makes sure it is done right.

Her work ethic is a good was not really an option after we downsized,” she says. wasn’t there toto keep going.” wasn’tenough enough there keepme going.” example forforeveryone around her.”

“There wasn’t enough there tomekeep me going.”

Foote bought the yard and moved example everyone around her.”to Hoxie in 1997, right after graduating from Kansas State University. He says After Aftershe shefinished finishedher heryear-long year-longbookkeeping bookkeepingcourse, course,she she Foote bought thethe yard and moved 1997, right After she finished her year-long bookkeeping course, she Olson helped him make the yardto successful from day one.

Foote bought yard and moved toHoxie Hoxieinin 1997, right found a job at an experiment station.

“It was an outside found a job at an found an experiment experimentstation. station.“It “Itwas wasananoutside outside after graduating from Kansas State University.

He says “Karla became really sort of a mother figure,” he says. after graduating from Kansas State University. He says “I job, why it,” job,and andI’m that’s I tried it,”she she Olson job, and I’mananoutside outsideperson; person;that’s whyI tried was helped 21helped years old.

There was asuccessful lot of change happening, him make thethe yard from day Olson him make yard successful from dayone. one. says. experiment station, they grew flowers and says. experiment station, they grew flowers says.AtAtthethe experiment station, they grew flowers andand “Karla and Karla was a person I could rely on.

I learned a“Ilot became really sort ofofa mother figure,” hehesays.

“Karla became really sort a mother figure,” says.

“I vegetables; her job was plants onon various vegetables; her job wastotohelp helprate ratethethe about the feedlot business about what should vegetables; her job plants various was 2121years old.

There was afrom lot ofher, change happening, was years old.

There was a lot of change happening, characteristics. a year ofof that, anan insurance characteristics.

Afterabout about year ofthat, that, an insurance and happen in a feedyard. hasrely done aI lot for me characteristics.After aa year insurance Karla was a person IShe could learned a lot and Karla was a person I could relyon.on.

I learned athrough lot office opened in town, so Olson decided to see how office opened in town, so Olson decided to see how the years.” office in town, so Olson decided to see how about thethefeedlot business from her, about what should about feedlot business from her, about what should working her.

That job didn’t turn out toto working there might suit her.

That job didn’t turn bebe happen workingthere theremight mightsuit suit her.

That job didn’t turn out happeninina feedyard. a feedyard.She Shehas hasdone donea lot a lotforformemethrough through a agood fit — “I was totally bored there,” she says — but totally bored bored there,” there,” she she says says — — but but theAfter four decades at the feedyard, Olson has outlasted a good good fit fit — — “I “I was was totally years.” the years.” something good came The office was right next door something The office was right next everyone — no one is left who was there when she started. somethinggood goodcame cameofof ofit.it. it.

The office was right nextdoor door the office of a woman who worked at Hoxie Feedyard That’s adecades distinction will continue has to hold because toto the office of a woman who worked at Hoxie Feedyard to the office of a woman who worked at Hoxie Feedyard After four atattheshe feedyard, After four decades the feedyard,Olson Olson hasoutlasted outlasted and kept an office in town.

“She caught me one day and Olson has no plans to retire.** and kept an office in town.

“She caught me one day and and kept an office in town. “She caught me one day and everyone — no one is left who was there when she everyone — no one is left who was there when shestarted. started. said, ‘Hey, how would you like work the feedyard?’ said, toto the said,‘Hey, ‘Hey,how howwould wouldyou youlike like towork workatat at thefeedyard?’ feedyard?’I I That’s a distinction she will continue to hold because That’s a distinction she will continue to hold because Isaid, said, ‘Ithink think I’d like that.’

Itwas was kind of an outdoor job said, ‘I ‘Ithink I’dI’d like that.’

It Itwas kind ofof anan outdoor job like that.’ kind outdoor job retire.** Olsonhas hasnonoplans planstoto retire.** and more in line with what I wanted to do.

I applied for Olson and more and moreininline linewith withwhat whatI wanted I wantedtotodo. do.I applied I appliedforfor thatjob, job, andhere here I am.”

17 1717 that that job,and and hereI am.”

I am.”

Research Update Current Feedlot Cattle Health and Well-Being Program Recommendations Made by Veterinary Consultants in the United States and Canada

By: Dr. Tiffany Lee, The Beef Cattle Institute, Kansas State University Consulting feedlot veterinarians routinely give recommendations to feedlot employees and managers on all areas of cattle health and welfare. Most of these recommendations are based on the veterinarians’ field experience and their knowledge of published, peerreviewed literature.

The Beef Cattle Institute at Kansas State University has developed a survey to document the current recommendations of consulting feedlot veterinarians.

First conducted in 2009, the survey was repeated in 2014 to document the most current recommendations being given, and to report any changes in recommendations made in 2009 versus those in 2014.

Twenty-three consulting feedlot veterinarians answered 78 questions involving general information/demographics, employee training, receiving and processing practices, castration, dehorning, and pregnancy management, antibiotic use, vaccination strategies, disease diagnosis and treatment, morbidity and mortality, and euthanasia and necropsy. Response rate to the survey was 100%.

The veterinarians surveyed were from Canada, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. The 23 respondents represented over 10 million head of cattle on feed.

The respondents are involved in the training of feedlot employees, and indicated that they use tools such as video, printed materials, pictures, and live web demonstrations to do so. All respondents reported that they use hands-on training to instruct employees as well. In addition, two of the 23 respondents speak Spanish, which may aid in the training of feedlot employees as well.

18

Veterinarians also give recommendations on common veterinary practice procedures, and take time to train feedlot employees on proper performance of castration, dehorning, and other routine practices.

Welfare considerations such as castration and pain management are currently topics of discussion among producers, academic professionals, and veterinary consultants.

The veterinarians surveyed recommended varying castration methods for different weight classes of cattle.

Their recommendations are reflected in Figure 1. With regards to dehorning, only 9 respondents (42.9%) recommend the removal of horns or horn tips, even though 16 (69.6%) believe that packing plants have a restriction on horn length. What is best for the animal is always considered when implementing these practices.

The veterinarians surveyed also recommend best management practices for vaccination protocols, antibiotic use, and other management decisions for cattle coming into feedlots. Vaccination protocols vary with veterinarians’ personal experience, feedlot demographics, and type of cattle being received (high risk or low risk).

Antibiotic use is more common in cattle that are termed “high risk” for contracting Bovine Respiratory Disease, such as young cattle or cattle which have been transported long distances.

Due to the differences in cattle arriving at feedlots, management styles, geographical location, and personal experience of veterinarians and feedlot managers, morbidity and mortality rates vary widely among the cattle that the surveyed veterinarians represent. Because of this, seven factors related to the prediction of morbidity and mortality were provided to the survey participants, and were to be ranked in order of importance.

The rankings from 2014 compared to those from The rankings from 2014 totoin those from 2009rankings are shown in Table 1. Changes weather The from 2014 compared compared those from 2009 are shown in Table 1.

Changes in weather patterns thein years and1.theChanges availability of labor 2009 are over shown Table in weather patterns overbe the yearsand andthe the availability oflabor labor force could contributors to availability the differences in patterns over the years of force could be contributors to the differences in the rankings of contributors the factors provided. force could be to the differences in the rankings of the factors provided. the rankings of the factors provided.

While differences in personal knowledge and While differences in personal knowledge and experience of the veterinarians surveyed here While differences in personal knowledge experiencetoofthe thevariation veterinarians surveyed here and contribute in answers to many of experience the veterinarians surveyed contribute toofthe variation answers to manyhere of the questions in the survey,inthe information contribute to in the in information answers to many the questions thevariation survey, the provided gives valuable insight into the most of the questions in the insight survey, the information provided gives valuable into the most common recommendations being made by feedlot provided gives valuable insight into thefeedlot most common recommendations being and made by veterinarians in the United States Canada. common recommendations being made by feedlot veterinarians in the United States and Canada.

The findings in reported here increase knowledge veterinarians the United States and Canada. of The findings reported here increase knowledge of common recommendations being made by common recommendations being made by practicing veterinarians, and have an impact on the The findings reported here increase knowledge practicing veterinarians, and have an impact on the feedlot and veterinary industries. being The information of common recommendations made by feedlot and veterinary industries.

The information will be valuable both todayand and in the future, when practicing veterinarians, have an impact will besurveys valuable both today and in the future, when other contribute to make an even larger on thesurveys feedlotcontribute and veterinary industries.

The other to make an even larger base of knowledge.** information will be valuable both today and in base of knowledge.** the future, when other surveys contribute to make an even larger base of knowledge.**

Cattle health risk Cattle health risk of labor available Amount and quality Amount qualityprogram of labor available Receivingand nutrition Receiving nutrition program Weather patterns Weather patterns Class of antibiotic used for metaphylaxis Class Class of of antibiotic antibiotic used used for for metaphylaxis treatment Class of antibiotic used for treatment Brand of vaccine Brand of vaccine

Figure 1. Recommendations on castration method for each weight Figure Recommendations on castration method weight class of 1. cattle by feedlot veterinarians surveyed (n=for 22 each respondents). class of cattle by feedlot veterinarians surveyed (n= 22 respondents).

Numerical ranking Numerical ranking 2014 2009 2014 2009 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

Table 1. Rankings of 7 factors Table of 7 factors to utilized1.byRankings feedlot veterinarians utilized by feedlot veterinarians to predict morbidity and mortality in predictcattle morbidity and mortality in feeder in commercial feeder cattle in the commercial feedyards, and comparison of feedyards, and the comparison of the rankings found in the current the rankings found in the current survey to those in the 2009 survey. survey to those in the 2009 survey.

19 19

19

Grace and and the the Cornfield Cornfield Grace

By:Dr. Dr.Doug, DougPAC, Ford, Animal By: Dr. Doug, PAC,&Production &Dr. Dr.Greg GregQuakenbush, Quakenbush, By: bedofofthe thepickup pickuplooking lookingfor forthe thehandyman handymanjack. jack.Of Ofcourse course bed Consultation, Through theupup agonizing Mark smiled said, Geissler Corp PAC, & Dr. Greg Quakenbush, Geissler Corp thejack jackwas was underthe thesilence toolbox.

Hepatiently patientlyand moved the under toolbox.

He moved 33 Geissler Corp “Well, guess we better4 4get unstuck”.

Heajoyfully hopped shovels, pitchforks, 50# bagsofofsalt, salt, aroll rollofofbarbwire, barbwire, shovels, 2 2pitchforks, 50# bags into the bed of2 the pickup looking for the handyman jack.

Lastwinter winterI Iwas wascalled calledbybyone oneofofmy mydearest dearestfriends friendsand and Last thespare spare tire, 2bales bales alfalfa, and recently aborted fetus the tire, ofofalfalfa, and a arecently aborted fetus histeenage teenage son examine slobbering, bloated calf Last winterson I was called abyaslobbering, one of mybloated dearestcalf friends his totoexamine Of course the jack was up under the toolbox.

He patiently fromthe thetoolbox toolboxaccess. access.He Hemethodically methodicallyextracted extractedthe the from running ona alarge large pivot withvarious various sourcesof offorage. forage. running pivot with sources InIn rusty and his on teenage son to examine a slobbering, bloated calf moved 3 shovels, 2blood pitchforks, 4the 50# bags ofon salt, aright roll of rustyjack jack drawing bloodfrom fromthe knuckles onhis his right drawing knuckles additiontoon tothe the forage several areas hadabundant abundant piles addition forage several had ofof running a large pivot withareas various sources ofpiles forage. barbwire, spare tire, 2 bales of alfalfa, and a recently hand.My Mythe shame and guilt elevated. hand. shame and guilt elevated. beet tailingsto beet tops.As Asyou youwould would likely guess,the the beet tailings ororthe beet tops. likely guess, In addition forage several areas had abundant piles aborted fetus from the toolbox access. He methodically diagnosis wasbeet beet choke. diagnosis was of beet tailings or choke. beet tops. As you would likely guess, extracted thehe rusty jack drawing blood from thestriking knuckles Stillsmiling smiling hethrew threw the rustyjack jack overboard striking the Still the rusty overboard the ground, theawkward awkward long handle dinging theside sideofofthe the the diagnosis was beet choke. on his right hand.

Mylong shame and dinging guilt elevated. ground, the handle the Thenext nextquestion, question,how howdodowe wedeal dealwith withthis thissituation? situation?I I The vesselononimpact. impact.Moving Movingtotothe thefront frontofofthe thestranded stranded vessel feltconfident confident because waswe with trusted friends whoare areI felt because I Iwas with trusted who pickup, tore longbroken broken shroud blackplastic plastic out pickup, hehetore shroud black out The next question, how do deal withfriends this situation?

Still smiling hea along threw the rusty jackofof overboard striking quite handywith with livestock.

Luckily thesteer steer waswho close quite handy livestock. the was close toto from underthe thebumper bumperthat that broke my mishap.

He of from under broke ininmy mishap. felt confident because I wasLuckily with trusted friends are the ground, the awkward long handle dinging theHe side thewater water tank.

The planinvolved involved mepulling pulling the 1-ton the tank.

The plan me the 1-ton strategically placedthe the jackononto the bumper, still smiling. strategically jack the bumper, quite handy with livestock.

Luckily the steer was close the vessel onplaced impact.

Moving the front ofstill thesmiling. stranded Dodge dually up to the tank with Mark trapping the steer in Dodge dually up to the tank with Mark trapping the steer in He began to ratchet the long awkward handle up anddown. down.

He beganhetotore ratchet thebroken long awkward handle and to the water tank. The plan involved me pulling the 1-ton pickup, a long shroud of blackupplastic out the area between the pickup and the tank. the area between the pickup and the tank.

Canititunder getany any worse?

Yes, anyone who hashad hadthe the He Can get worse?

Yes, anyone has Dodge dually up to the tank with Mark trapping the steer from the bumper that brokewho in my mishap. pleasureofofusing using handy man jack knows,they they usually pleasure a ahandy man in the area between the pickup and the tank. strategically placed the jack onjack the knows, bumper, stillusually smiling.

Markprocesses processescattle cattlefor forseveral severallarge largefeedyards feedyardsand and Mark don’t workto the firsttime time and are littledangerous dangerous even don’t work the first are a alittle even He began ratchet theand long awkward handle up and understands position, angle, distance and speed.

He understands position, angle, distance and speed.

He when you hold your mouth just right. when you hold your mouth just right. down. Can it get any worse? Yes, anyone who has had the Mark processes cattle for several large feedyards and understandspressure pressure and release andthe theworking working zone. understands and release and zone. pleasure of using a handy man jack knows, they usually understands position, angle, distance and speed.

He Mark slowly and confidently worked the steer into Mark slowly and confidently worked the steer into position Stillsmiling smiling Mark walked back the driver’s sideofof the Still Mark walked back totoathe driver’s side the don’t work the first time and are little dangerous even understands pressure and release and the working position zone. asI Ideliberately deliberately pulled the pickup into position.

It became asMark pulled the pickup into position.

It became toolbox for a magical squirt of WD40.

You guessed it; toolbox for a magical squirt of WD40.

You guessed it; when you hold your mouth just right. slowly and confidently worked the steer into apparentthat that mypart partofofthe the planwasn’t wasn’t coming intoplace. place. “Murphy’s apparent plan coming “Murphy’slaw”. law”.The Thecan canhad hadrolled rolledtotothe theother otherside sideofofthe the position as I my deliberately pulled the pickup intointo position. pickup.

I can’t describe the shame and guilt I was feeling. pickup.

I can’t describe the shame and guilt I was feeling.

Still smiling Mark walked back to the driver’s side of the It became apparent that my part of the plan wasn’t coming Thelarge largeand andpowerful powerfuldually duallywouldn’t wouldn’tmove moveforward. forward.

The “Iam amtotally totally worthless”.

Still smilingheYou hebounced bounced the “I Still totoit; the toolbox for aworthless”. magical squirt ofsmiling WD40. guessed into place.

SystematicallyI Ichecked checkedmy mycockpit; cockpit;4WD 4WDcheck, check,pickup pickup Systematically passenger side of the toolbox retrieving the greasy roadpassenger of The the toolbox theother greasy “Murphy’sside law”. can had retrieving rolled to the sideroadof the gearcheck, check,emergency emergencybrake brakeoff offcheck, check,allallsystems systemsgo. go. iningear weary can. weary can. pickup. I can’t describe the shame and guilt I was feeling.

The large and powerful dually wouldn’t move forward.

Mustneed needmore moreaccelerator, accelerator,check. check.Still, Still,nonoforward forward Must “I am totally worthless”. Still smiling he bounced to the Systematically I checked my cockpit; 4WD check, pickup momentum.AAglance glanceininthe therear rearview viewmirror mirrorrevealed revealed momentum. aa Withpurpose purpose his heart depressed the button topofof With heart hehedepressed button onon top passenger sideinin ofhis the toolbox retrievingthe the greasy roadin gear check, emergency brake off check, all systems go. cloudofofcorn cornstalks, stalks,mud, mud,and andtwo twowhite whiteeyeballs eyeballsglaring glaring cloud the can.

All that came out was a sudden blob of lubricant the can.

All that came out was a sudden blob of lubricant weary can.

Must need more accelerator, check.

Still, no forward outfrom from under mud coveredball ballcap. cap.As AsI Iobserved observed the out under a amud covered the resemblinga afarmer’s farmer’snose noseblow blowinina a3030MPH MPHwind. wind.He He resembling momentum.

A glance in the rear view mirror revealed a rearview viewmirror, mirror,Mark Markwas waswiping wipingmud mudfrom fromone oneeye, eye,his his rear depressedthe thebutton buttonagain, again,nothing. nothing.Still Stillsmiling smilinghehepicked picked depressed With purpose in his heart he depressed the button on top of cloud of corn mud, to and two white eyeballs glaring soiledball ball capstalks, wascocked cocked toone one side, and wastrying trying soiled cap was side, and hehewas driedsliver sliverofofcornstalk cornstalkand andspread spreadthe theblob blobofofWD40 WD40 upupa adried the can. All that came out was a sudden blob of lubricant out from under a mud covered ballwith cap.

As observed desperately hold tohis hiscatch catch withtwo twoImud mud filledthe desperately totohold ononto filled therusty rustypins. pins.Success, Success,three threeofoffour fourclicks clicksofofthe thejack jack ononthe resembling a farmer’s nose blow in a 30 MPH wind. He rear view mirror, Mark was wiping mud from one eye, his palms. palms. andwe wewere were free. and free. depressed the button again, nothing. Still smiling he soiled ball cap was cocked to one side, and he was trying picked up aweeks dried sliver of cornstalk and spread the blob desperately to hold on to his catch with two mud filled Chadronand andI Ibailed bailedout outofofthe thepickup pickuptotoassist. assist.We We Chadron Forseveral several weeksDr. Dr.Tom, Tom, Dr.QQand and had been talking For Dr. I Ihad been talking of WD40 on the rusty pins.

Success, three of four clicks palms. flankedthe thesteer steerand andwhen whenhehehit hitthe theground groundthe thebeet beettop top flanked aboutthe thedefinition definitionofof“Grace”.

“Grace”.As AsI Istood stoodbefore beforemy mygood good about offriend the Mark, jack and weFather) were free. shot2020feet feetwith withforward forwardtrajectory. trajectory.We Wereleased releasedthe therope rope friend shot Mark, (the Father) andChadron Chadron(his (hisSon) Son)I Ifelt felt (the and Chadron and I bailed out the pickup toNext assist.

We anda ahappy happy steer trotted offof into the sunset.

Next question, and steer trotted off into the sunset. question, totallyworthless. worthless.How Howcould couldI Iever everlive livethis thisdown? down?After After totally flanked the steer and when he hit the ground the beet For several weeks Dr. Q and Suddenly I Suddenly had beenitit talking whywas wasthe thetruck truckstuck? stuck?Further Furtherinspection inspectionrevealed revealedthe the why allI’m I’m supposed asmart smart person. occurred all supposed totoDr. bebeaTom, person. occurred top shotAs 20 with forward We released the about the definition of “Grace”.

As I “Grace” stood before culprit.

AsI feet Idrove drove forward thetank tankI Ihad hadhigh highcentered centered culprit. forward bybytrajectory. the tome… me… wasthe therecipient recipient “Grace”.

“Grace” to I Iwas ofof“Grace”. isis my rope andaxle a happy steer trotted off into the sunset. Next good friend Mark, (the Father) and Chadron (his Son) I thefront front axle Crystalix tub. the onona aCrystalix tub. unmerited favor. unmerited favor. question, why was the truck stuck? Further inspection felt totally worthless. How could I ever live this down? revealed the culprit.

Asmy Imy drove forward by the tank IHow had After I’m supposed to be aI smart person.

Suddenly itask AllI Icould could washang hang head embarrassment.

How All dodo was head ininembarrassment.

Favorall received forsomething something Ididn’t didn’t deserve.

WhenI Iask Favor received for deserve.

When high centered the front axle on a Crystalix tub. occurred to me…

I was the recipient of “Grace”.

“Grace” stupid!I Idon’t don’tdododumb dumbstuff stufflike likethis. this.Expecting Expectinga atart tart stupid! theLord, Lord,hehealways alwaysgives givesme melife lifesituation situationanswers. answers. the isLooking unmerited comment,words wordsofofcriticism, criticism,ororeven evenworse worseMark’s Mark’sspecial special Looking comment, intofavor.

Markand andChadron’s Chadron’ssmiling, smiling,loving lovingfaces facesI I into Mark All I could do was hang my head inStunned, embarrassment.

How brand cutting, piercing sarcasm.

Stunned,hehedidn’t didn’t even got brand ofofcutting, piercing sarcasm. even gotit.it.Unmerited Unmeritedfavor… favor…forgiveness… forgiveness…something somethingI Ididn’t didn’t stupid! don’t do dumbhead stuff this. Expecting apoint tart Favor received for something I didn’t deserve.

When I shakehis hisImud-splattered mud-splattered headinlike indisappointment disappointment shake ororpoint deserve. deserve. hismuddy muddyrope-burned rope-burned finger me.worse Chadron theyoung young comment, words of criticism, or even Mark’s special ask the Lord, he always gives me life situation answers. his finger atat me.

Chadron the teenwho who Ithink thinkthe the worldof, of, wasspeechless speechless and very teen world was and brand ofI cutting, piercing sarcasm.

Stunned, hevery didn’t Looking into Mark and Chadron’s smiling, loving faces ofof Allofofa asudden sudden felt good, feltforgiven, forgiven, and myburden burden All I Ifelt good, I Ifelt and my sober.shake his mud-splattered head in disappointment or sober. even Iworthlessness got it. Unmerited favor… forgiveness… something I wasgone. gone.

Butmy mylesson lessonwasn’t wasn’t over.The The worthlessness was But over. point his muddy rope-burned finger at me. Chadron the didn’t deserve. nextthing thing Marksaid saidpierced piercedmy myheart: heart:"You "Youknow, know,Doug, Doug, next Mark Through thewho agonizing silence Mark smiled andsaid, said,“Well, “Well, ififthe Through the agonizing Mark and young teen I thinksilence the world of,smiled was speechless and thehired hiredman manwould wouldhave havedone donethis, this,we’d we’dbebepissed”. pissed”. guess we better get unstuck”.

He joyfully hopped into the guess we better get unstuck”.

He joyfully hopped into the very sober.

All of a sudden I felt good, I felt forgiven, and my burden of worthlessness was gone. But my lesson wasn’t over.

20 2020

Cattle Performance Enhancement Co.

1/2 page

FROM THIS

TO THIS

CPEC SAME

Lynn Allen, CPEC Sales & Marketing

P.O. Box 630 • Stratford, Texas 79084 806-753-7979 cell • lallen6423@aol.com www.cpec.us

The next thing Mark said pierced my heart: “You know, Wow! realized it ishave to receive “Grace”, Doug, if Ithe hired how man good would done this, we’dbut be I also recognized that I’m not always good at giving it. If I pissed.” am the recipient of God’s grace… then how I can I withhold it fromhow others?

Wow! I realized good it is to receive “Grace”, but I also recognized that I’m not always good at giving it. husbands, wives,ofparents, andhow employees If As I am the recipient God’s managers grace…then I can I it is easy to receive.

Don’t forget to stop, think, and let withhold it from others? down your guard.

As husbands, wives, parents, managers and employees it in your day needs yourto“Grace”, your and let is Someone easy to receive.

Don’t forget stop, think, unconditional forgiveness, your understanding, and your down your guard. smiling face. Thank you, Lord! ** Someone in your day needs your “Grace”, your unconditional forgiveness, your understanding, and your Looking smiling face.deeper: Thank you, Lord! ** “Grace”deeper: is mentioned 114 times in the New Testament Looking (the number varies slightly between versions).

“Grace” is mentioned 114 times in the New Testament (the number varies slightly between versions).

Here is a small sampling of some of these encouraging Here is a small sampling of some of these encouraging verses. verses.

Ephesians 2:8-9: “For by grace you have been saved Ephesians 2:8-9: been through faith.

And “For this isby notgrace your you ownhave doing; it issaved the gift through faith.

And this is not your own doing; it isboast.” the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may of God, not a result of works, so that no one may (ESV) boast.” (ESV) James 4:6: “But he gives more grace. Therefore it says, Jamesopposes 4:6: “But he givesbut more grace. it says, ‘God the proud, gives graceTherefore to the humble.’”

‘God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the (ESV) humble.’” (ESV) Hebrews 4:16: “Let us then with confidence draw near to Hebrews “Let that us then draw near the throne4:16: of grace, we with may confidence receive mercy and findto the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need.” (ESV) grace to help in time of need.” (ESV) I Peter 4:10: “As each one has received a special gift, I Peter 4:10: “As each one has received a special gift, employ it in serving one another as good stewards of the employ it in serving one another as good stewards of the manifold grace of God.” (NASV) manifold grace of God.” (NASV)

21

High Moisture Corn (HMC) Management By: Jeremy Martin, Ph.D., Great Great Plains Plains Livestock By: Jeremy Martin, Ph.D., Livestock Consulting Consulting AsAs harvest approaches and cattle feeding margins remain harvest approaches and cattle feeding margins remain negative, take the opportunity this harvest to get the mostthe negative, take the opportunity this harvest to get outmost of your corn crop. putting HMCupisHMC part ofisyour out of your cornIfcrop.

If up putting part of your repertoire, I amtogoing to challenge you tothe manage repertoire, I am going challenge you to manage entire the entire process in order to achieve success.

From an process in order to achieve success.

From an agronomic agronomicHMC standpoint, expands the harvest seasoninstandpoint, expandsHMC the harvest season and reduces andgrain reduces grain lossa by 3-6%.standpoint, From a feeding field lossin-field by 3-6%.

From feeding HMC standpoint, HMC improves both gain and conversion improves both gain and conversion while typically resulting typically less the shrink thanofdry corn. in while less shrink than resulting dry corn. in While benefits HMC are While the benefits of HMC are apparent for both farming apparent for both farming and feeding operations, success is feeding operations, success is in the details. in and the details.

Most importantly, HMC be stored at the right Most importantly, HMC mustmust be stored at the right moisture moisture level tocattle maximize cattle performance.

The ideal level to maximize performance.

The ideal moisture moisture range for harvesting HMC is 28-32% moisture, range for harvesting HMC is 28-32% moisture, with with maximum energy and density cattle performance maximum energy density cattleand performance between between 30-31% moisture.

Once the kernellayer, reaches 30-31% moisture. Once the kernel reaches black black layer, HMC harvest can and should begin in HMC harvest can and should begin in order to realize order the to realize the most value. Timing is critical because by most value. Timing is critical because by the time corn dries the time corn dries down to 23% moisture, it will feed down 23% moisture, it will feed as with the same withtoessentially the same energy dryessentially corn, but average energy as dry corn, but average energy value increases energy value increases approximately 0.3% per point of approximately 0.3% per point31%. of moisture betweencorn 23 and moisture between 23 and Additionally, that 31%.

Additionally, corn that is stored above 30% moisture is stored above 30% moisture becomes more digestible becomes more digestibletoover compared corn stored over time compared corntime stored at 24%tomoisture or at less.

24% moisture or less. summary, ideal HMCstart harvest In summary, idealInHMC harvest should once should black layer and blackstart layeronce is achieved and is beachieved completed bybe thecompleted time corn byhas thedried time corn has dried down to 28% moisture, down to 28% moisture, resulting in anresulting average in moisture an average the pile of 30-31%. in moisture the pile ofin30-31%.

Almost every year, some corn is going to get for Almost every year, some corn is going to harvested get harvested HMC below below 26% moisture.

When you expect to that for HMC 26% moisture.

When youthat expect happen, your your process should be adjusted to gain value to happen, process should be adjusted to more gain more outvalue of theout drier Ourcorn. recommendation is to begin is to of corn. the drier Our recommendation beginwater adding water corndrops moisture below adding when cornwhen moisture belowdrops 27%, and 27%,onand focus on adding enough volume to back bringtothe focus adding enough volume to bring the corn corn back to In 30% moisture. corn 30% moisture. order to allowIn theorder corn to to allow take inthe more to take in more moisture, it may be necessary to reduce moisture, it may be necessary to reduce the particle size of particle sizecorn of the grind. corn drops below thethe grind.

When drops belowWhen 23-24% moisture it is 23-24% moisture is very to difficult in most very difficult in mostitsystems reconstitute the systems corn to to reconstitute to 30% anda therefore we 30% moisture,the andcorn therefore wemoisture, recommend cutoff of 24% recommend a cutoff moisture for corn that is to moisture for corn that isofto24% be ensiled. be ensiled.

Particle size is the next critical point of HMC management.

Particle size is the next of dependent, HMC management.

The correct particle size critical is very point feedlot and is The correct particle size is very feedlot dependent, and influenced by infrastructure, bunk management, and other is influenced by infrastructure, bunk management, and available feedstuffs. Infrastructure is important, as it can other available feedstuffs.

Infrastructure is important, limit the amount of HMC a feedlot can process in the ideal as it canwindow, limit theand amount of the HMC a feedlot can process moisture because type of equipment in the ideal moisture window, and because the type of present determines the best way to process corn. The ideal equipment present determines the best way to process particle an operation willatstrike a balancewill between corn. size The at ideal particle size an operation strike a harvest efficiency, energy density, and the risk of digestive balance between harvest efficiency, energy density, and disturbances. the risk of digestive disturbances.

22

Feedlots grinder) Feedlotsthat thatgrind grindHMC HMCwith with aa hammer mill (tub grinder) generally grindgrind that packs tighter,tighter, but ferments generallycreate createa finer a finer that packs but more quickly in the rumen in resulting greater risk ferments more quickly in resulting the rumen in of greater risk of acidosis andDry bloat.

Dryconversion matter conversion cattle acidosis and bloat. matter of cattleoffed fed hammer-milled is usually than those fed hammer-milled HMCHMC is usually betterbetter than those fed rollerroller-milled HMC but dryintake matter andusually gain are milled HMC but dry matter andintake gain are usuallyMonitoring lower. Monitoring particle size is important, lower. particle size is important, with an with an achievable being no more than 3-4% whole kernels achievable goalgoal being no more than 3-4% whole kernels and and not more than 20% fines (<1mm).

Commercially not more than 20% fines (<1mm). Commercially available available sieve shakers well for determining particle sieve shakers work well work for determining particle size size distribution, and should be used at least twice distribution, and should be used at least twice dailydaily to to determine if adjustments are needed. determine if adjustments are needed.

Roller-milledHMC HMCcreates creates less fines, which results in Roller-milled less fines, which results in lower lower risk of digestive deads along with increased dry risk of digestive deads along with increased dry matter matterand intake and gain compared with hammer-milled intake gain compared with hammer-milled corn. On the corn.

On the other hand, less fines means other hand, less fines means roller-milled cornroller-milled is more corn is more pack. Some offer manufacturers challenging to challenging pack. Sometomanufacturers roller mills offer roller mills with differential drives on at least one set with differential drives on at least one set of rolls orderinto of rolls in order to create enough fine particles toin assist create enough fine to assist in apacking HMC. If packing HMC. If particles milling HMC with roller mill, strive milling HMC with a roller mill, strive for essentially no for essentially no whole kernels and you should still be whole and (<1mm) you should still10%. be able keep fines able tokernels keep fines under In to a perfect world, (<1mm) under 10%.

In a perfect world, each kernelpieces. would each kernel would be split into 6 roughly equal be split into 6 roughly equal pieces.

However, corn However, corn processed in such a manner does take processed a manner take more time to pack,toso more timeintosuch pack, so theredoes is a time-saving advantage there is a time-saving creating more fines. advantage to creating more fines.

After Aftermoisture moistureand andprocessing, processing,correctly correctlypacking packingHMC HMCisis next on the list.

In general, adequate packing requires a a next on the list. In general, adequate packing requires pack tractor for each 4-5,000 bushels per hour of grinding pack tractor for each 4-5,000 bushels per hour of grinding capacity. tractors should not not be sitting between loads, capacity. Pack Pack tractors should be sitting between but constantly on the move. a fallacy pushing loads, but constantly on the There move.isThere is a that fallacy that corn up iscorn enough during the during day if you wellpack at theit pushing up is enough the pack day ifityou wellofatthe theday. end of thetruth day.is, The truth only the uppermost end The only theis,uppermost 6 inches of 6 inches the pile so each load corn in the of pilecorn getsinpacked, so gets each packed, load should be packed be in. packed as it comesHMC in. A well-packed HMCat asshould it comes A well-packed bunker will contain bunker will at least 45 lb foot. of dryOnce matter per cubic least 45 lb of contain dry matter per cubic packed, HMC foot.

Once packed, HMC should be covered immediately should be covered immediately after completion of the pile completion of the pile to achieve the highest quality. toafter achieve the highest quality.

Anotherconsideration consideration HMC production includes Another forfor HMC production includes inoculants,which whichis aisdecision a decision you should make in inoculants, you should make in conjunction with your nutritionist, based on the conjunction with your nutritionist, based on the costcost of of inoculation relative to the value of corn – and your ability inoculation relative to the value of corn – and your ability to to correctly apply inoculant. to feed at least correctly apply inoculant.

AlsoAlso try totryfeed at least 6” off6”the off the face of the pile daily and maintain a vertical, flat face of the pile daily and maintain a vertical, flat face with face with no loose corn at the base of the pile to minimize no loose corn at the base of the pile to minimize shrink shrinkfeedout. during feedout. during With some planning and quality control, and some help With planning and some volume help from fromsome Mother Nature,and youquality can putcontrol, up a tremendous Mother Nature, you can put up a tremendous volume of of HMC in a short period of time. Because the process HMC in a short period of time.

Because the process needs needs to occur quickly, it is tempting to rush through toprocessing occur quickly, it isfocus tempting to rush through processing and not on quality.

This year, take the and not focus on quality.

This year, take the time to manage time to manage the process for a short period of time so the process for a short period of time so you can enjoy the you can enjoy the results throughout the rest of the year.** results throughout the rest of the year.** 22

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2323

The Five Freedoms and Caregivers in Beef Cattle Husbandry By: of of Wisconsin - Madison, By:Dr. Dr.Dorte DorteDopfer, Dopfer,University University Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine

School of Veterinary Medicine Since 1965 a concept for defining wellbeing in animals Since a concept for Five defining wellbeing in animals that are1965 in human care, the Freedoms provide the that are in human care, the Five Freedoms provide the basis for training caregivers to improve and maintain well basis for training caregivers to improve and maintain well being in domesticated cattle. being in domesticated cattle.

Caregivers in turn need the training, support, and harmony Caregivers in turn need the training, support, and from all levels of their professional environment to acquire harmony from all levels of their professional environment the andknowledge skills necessary recognize the needs to knowledge acquire the and toskills necessary to of cattle.

According to the Farm Animal Welfare recognize the needs of cattle. According to the Farm Committee (www.gov.uk/government/groups/farm-animal Animal Welfare Committee (www.gov.uk/government/ -welfare-committee-fawc), the Five Freedoms provide a groups/farm-animal - welfare-committee-fawc), the Five framework for the needs and well being of cattle in five Freedoms provide a framework for the needs and well parts: being of cattle in five parts: 1. Freedom 1.

Freedomfrom fromhunger hungeror orthirst thirstbybyready readyaccess accesstoto fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigor vigor fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and 2. Freedom discomfort by providing an 2.

Freedomfrom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and aand a appropriate environment including shelter comfortable comfortableresting restingarea area 3.

Freedom from disease by by prevention prevention 3. Freedom from pain, pain, injury injury or or disease or rapid diagnosis and treatment or rapid diagnosis and treatment 4. Freedom normal behavior by by 4.

Freedomtotoexpress express(most) (most) normal behavior providing proper facilities and and providingsufficient sufficientspace, space, proper facilities company companyof ofthe theanimal's animal’sown ownkind kind 5.

Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring 5. Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mentalsuffering suffering conditions and treatment which avoid mental The asked by skilled caregivers with with Thequestions questionstotobe be asked by skilled caregivers respect respectto tothe theFive FiveFreedoms Freedomsare: are: What of of cattle at feed yards in in Whatisisfeasible feasibleupon uponarrival arrival cattle at feed yards terms of water and feed intake to abate hunger and thirst? terms of water and hunger and thirst?

Caregivers’ for for receiving cattlecattle Caregivers’foresight foresightininpreparing preparing receiving needs needsto tobe betimely timelyand andresult resultininaapositive positiveexperience experiencefor for the thenew newarrivals. arrivals.

Howcan canaascenario scenariobe beprovided providedtotoachieve achievebest bestpossible possible How rest and andeven evendeep deepsleep sleepinincattle cattle shortly after arrival? rest shortly after arrival?

Respectful connection to and guidance of cattle Respectful connection to and guidance of cattle uponupon arrivalwill willresult resultininrelease releaseofof tension stress while arrival tension andand stress while cattlerelax relaxinto intotheir theirneed needfor forrest. rest.An Anenvironment environmentable ableto cattle accommodate resting cattle is necessary to follow up on 24 guidance and established contact. the

to accommodate resting cattle is necessary to follow up How canguidance caregivers disease and injury as soon on the andrecognize established contact. as possible?

By creating unthreatening connections animals, How can caregivers recognize diseasewith and the injury as soon caregivers need to convince cattle to share their very early as possible? signs of disease and injury. This sharing of signs By creating unthreatening connections with theofanimals, discomfort will facilitate early diagnosis that must be very caregivers need to convince cattle to share their followed by prompt, adequate care before increased early signs of disease and injury.

This sharing of signs severity and chronicity lead to complications.

Recognizing of discomfort will facilitate early diagnosis that must and and confusion in cattle around be removing followed anxiety by prompt, adequate care before increased arrival time is the foundation for acclimation. severity and chronicity lead to complications. Making Recognizing connections startsanxiety with observation, sharing eye contact and removing and confusion in of cattle around and making quiet mind contact. Cattle’s minds soonMaking give arrival time is the foundation for acclimation. into the care ofstarts skilled connections withherdsmen. observation, sharing of eye contact and making quiet mind contact. Cattle’s minds soon give How recognize that cattle have melted into the intodo thewe care of skilled herdsmen. correct social fabric of the herd by exhibiting adequate behavior?

How do we recognize that cattle have melted into the Orderly and timely, hierarchy correctmotions social fabric of thepainless herd byherd exhibiting adequate establishment behavior? allow for regular feeding, drinking, rumination, expressions exuberance and herd playfulness, Orderly motions and oftimely, painless hierarchy particularly in theallow sociallyforweaker animals.

If signs of establishment regular feeding, drinking, rumination, expressions of for exuberance playfulness, stress and fatigue do not last long afterand arrival then the particularly in theofsocially weaker animals. If signs of behavioral patterns cattle are accommodated well stressthe andacclimation fatigue do process. not last Therefore, for long after arrival then during prompt the behavioral of cattleofare accommodated acclimation resultspatterns in the expression adequate cattle’s well behavior during the social andacclimation vice versa. process. Therefore, prompt acclimation results in the expression of adequate cattle’s social and vice versa.anxiety and fear in cattle?

How canbehavior the caregiver remove Careful, but unambiguous guidance of cattle during How can caregiverresults removeinanxiety and fear in cattle? herding andthe processing trust and calm Careful, but unambiguous guidance of cattle phases. during reassurance during transitions between production herding and processing results in trust and reassurance Caregivers become the cattle’s beacon in acalm confusing new duringThe transitions between production phases.

Caregivers world. connected caregiver on the other hand become to thescan cattle’s beacon in aforconfusing newthat world. continues groups of cattle the members The connected caregiver on the other hand continues influence group behavior and turns such helper cattle into scan cattlebehavior. for the members that influence a to mesh of groups positiveofgroup Positive group group behavior and turns such helper cattle into a mesh behavior is a resource that needs care and maintenance. of positive group behavior. Positive group behavior is a that needs care and maintenance.

Inresource conclusion: Successful acclimation under the supervision of skilled In conclusion: caregivers opens the door towards sustaining the Five Successful**acclimation under the supervision of skilled Freedoms. caregivers opens the door towards sustaining the Five Freedoms. ** 24

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Caregiver Contribution to Cattle Well-Being By: Dr. Noffsinger By: Dr.Tom Tom Noffsinger, Production Animal Consultation Cattle caregivers have exciting obligations, responsibilities, and opportunities to contributeobligations, to cattle Cattle caregivers have exciting well-being.

Shifting priorities from disease responsibilities, andcaregiver opportunities to contribute to cattle detection to performance enhancement results in new levels well-being. Shifting caregiver priorities from disease ofdetection cattle welfare. to performance enhancement results in new levels of cattle welfare.

Webster defines welfare as health, happiness, and general well-being. We have a responsibility to provide cattle with Webster defines welfare as health, happiness, and general physical comfort, disease protection, nutritional needs, and well-being. We have a responsibility to provide cattle emotional stability. Veterinarians understand that physical with physical comfort, disease protection, and psychological stress play important roles in nutritional cattle needs, and emotional stability.

Veterinarians understand disease resistance and performance levels. Caretakers can physical and that psychological stress with play cattle important bethat trained to realize all human contact roles inanimal cattle well disease resistance performance impacts being.

Humanand contact can eitherlevels. create Caretakers can be trained to realize that all human contact a very positive impact or can create an impact that can with cattle impacts well-being.

Human contact devastate cattle health,animal performance and cattle and human can either create a very positive impact or can create an safety. impact that can devastate cattle health, performance and cattle and human Veterinarians must safety. improve their abilities to train caretakers to encourage cattle to communicate their true Veterinarians must improvepredator-prey their abilities to train state of health. Understanding relationships caretakers to encourage cattle to communicate their is the foundation for successful cattle handling and the true state of health.

Understanding predator-prey relationships development of communication with cattle - which enables is the foundation for successful cattle handling and the early detection of disease. development of communication with cattle - which enables earlyvery detection disease.

Cattle exhibit strongofprey animal instincts. Prey animals have survived in nature aware that predators select Cattle veryand strong animalIfinstincts. the lame,exhibit depressed, weakprey to harvest. caretakersPrey animals have survived in nature aware that predators select the lame, depressed, and weak to harvest. If

behave like predators, cattle will hidecattle signswill of depression caretakers behave like predators, hide signs and disease from these people as long as possible. of depression and disease from these people as long as Understanding more aboutmore the visual, andauditory sensory possible. Understanding about auditory the visual, abilities of cattle encourages handlers to override their and sensory abilities of cattle encourages handlers to predator suchtendencies, as to chase such and yell. overridetendencies, their predator as to chase and yell.

Handlers that reward cattle motion with release of pressure can quickly that train reward cattle – and in doing so create mutual of Handlers cattle motion with release respect andcan develop trust between andso thecreate pressure quickly train cattle –themselves and in doing cattle.

Understanding that cattle like to see what is mutual respect and develop trust between themselves pressuring them and like to see where canlike go isto see and the cattle.

Understanding that they cattle fundamental to low-stress handling.

Cattle that trust what is pressuring them and like to see where they can handlers volunteer to move away from handlers and will go is fundamental to low-stress handling. Cattle that walk straight away and move as directed. This attitude of trust handlers volunteer to move away from handlers willingness has a positive effect on herd social interaction. and will walk straight away and move as directed. This Sensitive cattle are more content and timid cattle are more attitudetoofcompete willingness has and a positive on herd social willing for feed water.effect Handling interaction.

Sensitive cattle are more content opportunities become positive to cattle health andand timid cattle are more willing to compete for feed and water. performance instead of a stress.

Handling opportunities become positive to cattle health and performance instead of a stress.

Caretakers can have a positive impact on cattle health and performance. Cattle are easily trained to respond to the Caretakers can have positive impact on to cattle health release of pressure and abecome more willing and performance.

Cattle are easily trained to realize respond communicate their true state of health when they to the release andCaretakers become more willing to that handlers areofnotpressure predators. that concentrate communicate their true state of health when they realize on low-stress handling skills increase their powers of that handlers are not predators.

Caretakers that concentrate observation, recognize abnormal behavior and attitude and on low-stress handlingandskills their behavior powers of develop the confidence skill increase to manipulate to observation, abnormal**behavior and attitude improve levelsrecognize of animal welfare. and develop the confidence and skill to manipulate 25 behavior to improve levels of animal welfare. ** 25

The value of using enhanced case The value of using enhanced case definitions for the management of definitions for the management of BRD in commercial feedlots BRD in commercial feedlots

K.Brattain Brattain3,3,G. G.Taylor Taylor3,3,T. By:J.Lowe J.Lowe1,21,2, ,K. never forthe BRD Visual observation is were highlynever By: oftentreated found at time12,13 of. slaughter in cattle that 2 1 12,13 1,22 3 3 2 2 1 subjective from caregiver to caregiver.

Furthermore, , W Taylor , D French , B. .

Visual observation is highly Noffsinger treated for BRD By:T.J.Lowe , K. Brattain , G., D. Taylor , T. , often found at the time of slaughter in cattle that weresubjective never Noffsinger , W. Taylor French 21 2 1 12,13prey creatures, sick animals often hide because cattle 1 fromfor caregiver to. caregiver.

Furthermore, because cattle are Aldridge , W Taylor , D French , B. Visual observation is highly subjective Noffsinger treated BRDare B. Aldridge symptoms in antoeffort to conceal weakness from potential prey creatures, sick animals often hide symptoms in anare from caregiver caregiver.

Furthermore, because cattle Aldridge1 1 Integrated Food Animal Medicine Systems, College of 1 predators.

Therefore, it can be difficult for pen effort to conceal fromhide potential predators. prey creatures, sick weakness animals often symptoms in riders an Integrated Food Animal Medicine Systems, College of 1 Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; toTherefore, identify affected early enough intothe disease it can beanimals difficult for pen riders identify effort to conceal weakness from potential predators.

Integrated Food AnimalConsultation, Medicine Systems, ofKS.; 2 Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; Production Animal LLC, College Oakley, progression for maximal treatment efficacy.

Depression 2 affected animals early enough in the disease progression for Therefore, it can be difficult for pen riders to identify 3 Production Veterinary University of Illinois, Urbana,KS.; IL; Animal Consultation, LLC, Oakley, Geissler Medicine, Corp., LLC, Plymouth, MN; and loss of appetite may also be associated with health 2 3 maximal treatment loss of appetite affected animals earlyefficacy. enough inDepression the diseaseand progression for Production AnimalLLC, Consultation, Geissler Corp., Plymouth,LLC, MN;Oakley, KS.; problems other thanefficacy. respiratory disease, suchloss asother lameness, 3 may also be associated with health problems than maximal treatment Depression and of appetite Geissler AbstractCorp., LLC, Plymouth, MN; dehydration, and digestive disorders.

Observation ofand the respiratory disease, such lameness, dehydration, may also be associated withas health problems other than Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the primary cause of Abstract respiration rate can provide insight into the nature of thecan digestivedisease, disorders.

Observation of dehydration, the respiration rate such as lameness, and morbidity and mortality in cattle during theprimary feeding cause period.of respiratory Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the Abstract respiratory problem but is not conclusive.

While rectal providedisorders. insight into the natureof ofthe therespiration respiratoryrate problem digestive Observation can bu Management BRD cases relies observation morbidity andofmortality in cattle the feeding Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) isduring theonprimary cause period. of temperature is correlated with BRD case fatality, this is not conclusive.

While rectal temperature is correlated provide insight into the nature of the respiratory problem but 8 ofManagement cattle and behavioral by caregivers.

Thisperiod. paper of BRDchanges cases relies on the of morbidity mortality in cattle during the observation feeding correlation iscase weak . Rectal can vary 8 from . Rectal with BRD fatality, thistemperatures correlation isis weak is not conclusive.

While rectal temperature correlated describes the use of multiple ante-mortem diagnostic cattle behavioral changes by caregivers.

This paperof Management of BRD cases relies on the observation animal to animal and with environmental factors over 8 temperatures can vary from animal to animal and with .

Rectal with BRD case fatality, this correlation is weak technologies in combination to improve outcomes in the describes the use of multiple ante-mortem cattle behavioral changes by caregivers.

This diagnostic paper time, and it is difficult to account for such variation when environmental factors over and itan is difficult accoun temperatures candefinition vary from to animal and withtocut7 animal clinical management of BRD. technologies to improve diagnostic outcomes in the describes the useinofcombination multiple ante-mortem assigning case . Intime, practice, arbitrary 7 for such variation when assigning case definition .

In environmental factors over time, and it is difficult to account clinical management of BRD. technologies in combination to improve outcomes in the off is used to classify animals as febrile, such as 7 104°F. practice, an arbitrary cut-off is used to classify for such variation when assigning case definition In the as Background Due to the subjective nature of visual evaluation.animals and clinical management of BRD. febrile,ansuch as 104°F. Dueis to the to subjective naturecase ofasvisua practice, arbitrary cut-off used classify animals Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the primary cause imperfect correlation between fever and case fatality, Background evaluation and the imperfect correlation between fever of morbidity and mortality in cattle during the feeding febrile, such as 104°F. Due to the subjective nature of visual definitions are not well-defined and treatment outcomesand Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the primary cause of Background 2,6,9 .

Consequently, BRD is associated with period case fatality, case definitions are not well-defined and evaluation and imperfect correlation between fever and are difficult to the measure and compare. morbidity and mortality in cattleisduring the feeding Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) the primary cause of 2,6,9 economic losses, stemming from treatment substantial treatment outcomes are difficult to measure and compare. case fatality, case definitions are not well-defined and . Consequently, BRDduring is associated with substantial period and morbidity mortality in cattle the feeding 3,4,5,11 costs, reduced performance, and death loss . reduced While 2,6,9 treatment outcomes areDefinitions difficult tofor measure and compare.

Use of Enhanced Case the Treatment of BRD economic losses, stemming treatment costs, . Consequently, BRDfrom is associated with substantial period BRD has remained an important 3,4,5,11 health and economic Use of Enhanced Case Definitions for the Treatment of BRD After being identified as sick and pulled from the home performance, and death loss . While costs, BRD has remained economic stemming from treatment reduced concern losses, for decades, challenges persist in improving 3,4,5,11 After beingare identified as sick andfor pulled from the home pen of cattle Enhanced Case Definitions the of BRD pen, typically moved to a Treatment treatment area, an important health and economic performance, and death loss . While BRDfor hasdecades, remained Use case definition for the treatment ofconcern BRD. The growing cattle are typically moved to a treatment area, where a case After being identified as sick and pulled from the home pen, where a case definition (CD) for BRD presence, severity challenges persist in improving caseof definition for theuse anindustry-wide important health and economic concern for decades, demand for reduction antimicrobial definition (CD) BRDtopresence, severity and chronicity are typically moved a treatment area, where a case i and chronicity is for assigned by a trained caregiver, based treatment of BRD. The growing industry-wide demand challenges persist in improving case definition for thewhichfor cattle is driving the need for better case definition through assigned by a trained caregiver, based on rectal temperature definition (CD) for BRD presence, severity and chronicity is on rectal temperature (RT), attitude and appearance. reduction oftargeted antimicrobial use industry-wide is driving the need for better treatment oforBRD. Thetreatments growing demand for selective can be administered.

(RT), attitude and appearance.

Sometimes manual thoracic assigned by a trained caregiver, based on rectal temperature Sometimes manual thoracic auscultation is used to case definition through which selectivethe orneed targeted reduction of antimicrobial use is driving for better refine CD. and implementation of implementation evidence-based auscultation isThe used to refineSometimes CD. The (RT), attitude appearance. manual thoracicof treatments can be administered. case definitionwith through which selective or targeted Challenges Current Case Definitions for BRD therapies, however, is ineffective as this process, or evidence-based ineffectivewith as this auscultation is usedtherapies, to refine however, CD. The is implementation of treatments canBRD be administered.

In feedlots, diagnosis has historically been based on without is highly variable within process,manual with therapies, orauscultation, withouthowever, manual auscultation, isashighly evidence-based is ineffective this Challenges with Current Case Definitionsbut formany BRDtimes visual observation and rectal temperature, and between caregivers.

We applied a computer-based variable within and between caregivers.

We applied a process, with or without manual auscultation, is highly In feedlots, BRD historically been based Challenges Current Case has Definitions for Lung BRD these toolswith fail to diagnosis accurately detect BRD. lesionson variable algorithm (Whisper®, Geissler Corp.) toWe sounds recorded computer-based algorithm (Whisper®, Geissler Corp.) to within and between caregivers. applied a visual observation andtime rectal temperature, but based many times Inare feedlots, BRD diagnosis has historically on often found at the of slaughter in been cattle that were during the initial assessment for assessment suspected BRD of sounds recorded during the initial for suspected computer-based algorithm (Whisper®, Geissler Corp.) to theseobservation tools fail toand accurately detect BRD.but Lung lesions visual rectal temperature, many timesare 17,848recorded cattle from 13 the sites to determine algorithm26 sounds during initial assessmentiffor suspected these based analysis of lung auscultation would improve BRD 26 tools fail to accurately detect BRD. Lung lesions are 26

BRD ofanalysis 17,848 Briefly, cattle 13 sitesthe towould determine if on based CD precision. of lungfrom we auscultation placed microphone improve BRD the algorithm-based analysis ofplaced lung auscultation wouldon the right side of theBriefly, thorax we per manufacturer’s instructions to CD precision. the microphone improve CDthorax precision.

Briefly, placed the capture 8BRD seconds of sounds that wereweprocessed with the right side of the per manufacturer’s instructions to microphone on the right side of the thorax per software.

A discrete score (LS) of 1 to 5 was applied to capture 8 seconds of sounds that were processed with the manufacturer’s instructions to capture 8 seconds offor sounds each calf (1 normal, 5 = chronic BRD) use software.

A =discrete score (LS) ofor1 severe to 5 was applied to that were processed with the software.

A discrete score in the treatment decision protocol.

RT was also a factor each calf (1 = normal, 5 = chronic or severe BRD) for use (LS) oftreatment 1 to 5 wasdecision applied to each calf = normal, = by in the protocol.

Outcomes were measured protocol.

RT(1 was also a 5factor case (CF) – individuals thattreatment died of respiratory chronic or severe BRD) for Outcomes use in the decisionby in thefatalities treatment protocol. were measured disease following treatment protocol.

Weof expected protocol.

RT was also factor in the treatment protocol. a case fatalities (CF) – aindividuals that died respiratory high LS following to be measured associated a fatalities greaterWe chance Outcomes were bywith case (CF) – of CF.a disease treatment protocol. expected A logistic regression model using BW, RT and individuals that died of respiratory disease following high LS to be associated with a greater chanceLS of was CF. constructed to estimate the likelihood of CF. For each treatment protocol.

We expected a high LS to be A logistic regression model using BW, RT and LS was1 unit rise inwith LS, likelihood ofofCF increased by each 49.4%1 associated athe greater chance CF. A logistic constructed to estimate the likelihood of CF. For adjusted for RT and BW (odds ratio (OR) = 1.494, 95% regression using BW, RTofand was constructed unit rise inmodel LS, the likelihood CFLS increased by 49.4% CI 1.428-1.564).

For each 1 degree F increase in RT, the to estimatefortheRT likelihood CF. ratio For each unit rise in LS, adjusted and BW of (odds (OR)1 = 1.494, 95% likelihood of CF increased by 19.1% (OR = 1.191, 95% the of CF by 49.4% adjusted CI likelihood 1.428-1.564).

Forincreased each 1 degree F increase in for RT,RT the CI 1.149-1.234).

There statistically significant but and BW (odds ratio (OR)was = 1.494, 95%(OR CI 1.428-1.564). likelihood of CF increased bya 19.1% = 1.191, 95% clinically insignificant impact of BW on CF. These data For each 1 degree FThere increase RT, the likelihood of CF CI 1.149-1.234). was in a statistically significant but suggest that algorithm-based analysis of lung auscultation increased 19.1% (ORimpact = 1.191, 95%on CI CF. 1.149-1.234). clinically by insignificant of BW These data is an was effective tool in significant practical applications to predict There a statistically butofclinically suggest that algorithm-based analysis lung auscultation individual clinical outcomes.

Standard case definitions for insignificant impact on CF.applications These data suggest that is an effective toolofinBW practical to predict BRD based on lung auscultation and rectal temperature algorithm-based analysis of lung auscultation is an individual clinical outcomes.

Standard case definitions can improve evaluation of treatment success and can for be effective toolon in practical applications torectal predict individual BRD based lung auscultation and temperature used in the development of evidence-based treatments for clinical outcomes.

Standard case definitions forand BRD can improve evaluation of treatment success can be BRD. based onthe lung auscultationofand rectal temperature can for used in development evidence-based treatments improve evaluation of treatment success and can be status used BRD. Using multiple diagnostic modalities to define BRD in the development of evidence-based treatments for BRD. at placement Using multiple diagnostic modalities to define BRD status Because BRD is commonly diagnosed in the first 21 days at placement Using multiple diagnostic to antibiotic define BRD status post entry to the feedlot, modalities prophylactic therapy Because BRD is commonly diagnosed in the first 21 days at placement (PA) is commonly applied at the time of arrival to those post entry to the therapy Because BRD is commonly diagnosed the first 21 days cattle perceived tofeedlot, have aprophylactic high risk ofinantibiotic developing BRD. (PA)entry is commonly applied at the will timeantibiotic of arrival torate those post totothepredict feedlot, therapy The ability if aprophylactic pen-lot have a high of cattle perceived to have a high risk of developing BRD. (PA) is commonly applied at the time of arrival to those BRD post arrival is imprecise at best, making evidenceThe to predict pen-lot have a highBRD. rate of cattle perceived to have high riskwill of developing basedability application ofif aaprophylactic antibiotics nearly BRD post arrival is imprecise at best, making evidenceThe ability to predict if a pen-lot will have a high rate of impossible. Objective tools to assess the health of the based application oftime prophylactic antibiotics nearly BRD post arrival imprecise best, making evidencerespiratory tract atis the of at feedlot arrival would allow impossible.

Objective tools to assess the health the based of of prophylactic nearly for theapplication application PA in onlyantibiotics pen-lots of cattleofwith tract at thetools timerisk of assess feedlot arrival would arespiratory significantly increased of developing BRD. We impossible.

Objective to the health of theallow for the application of time PA algorithm in pen-lots cattle with applied a computer-based (Whisper®, Geissler respiratory tract at the of only feedlot arrivalofwould allow a significantly increased risk developing BRD. Corp.) to sounds auscultation recorded for the application offrom PA inthoracic onlyofpen-lots of cattle withWe a appliedpost-arrival a computer-based Geissler during processing of 25(Whisper®, pen-lots significantly increased riskalgorithm of developing BRD.containing We 2069 (X = 3/pen, 95% CI auscultation 64-101) in one feed Corp.)cattle sounds from thoracic recorded applied atocomputer-based algorithm (Whisper®, Geissler during post-arrival processing of 25 pen-lots containing Corp.) to sounds from thoracic auscultation recorded

during post-arrival of 25 containing 2069 to cattle (X =processing 3/pen, 95% CI pen-lots 64-101) in one feed yard determine if algorithm-based analysis of lung 2069 (Xat=arrival 3/pen, 95% CI 64-101)the inanalysis one feedofyard yardcattle to determine if would algorithm-based lung auscultation facilitate identification of topen-lots determine ifathigher algorithm-based analysis ofidentification lung with morbidity over the first 30 days auscultation arrivalBRD would facilitate the of auscultation at higher arrival would facilitate the identification of post placement.

Again, wemorbidity placed the microphone the pen-lots with BRD over the first 30ondays pen-lots withofhigher BRDwe morbidity over the first 30on days right side theAgain, thorax perplaced manufacturer’s instructions post placement. the microphone the post placement.

Again, we placed the microphone on the to capture 8 seconds of sound that were processed with right side of the thorax per manufacturer’s instructions right side of 8theseconds persound manufacturer’s the software.

Athorax discrete score (LS)were of 1instructions (normal) with toto 5 to capture of that processed (chronic or severe) assigned to each RT andthe BW capture 8 seconds of was sound that were processed with the software.

A discrete score (LS) of calf.

1 (normal) to 5 were also captured.

Outcomes measured as software.

A (LS) ofwere 1 (normal) 5 (chronic (chronic ordiscrete severe) score was assigned to each calf.toRT andBRD BW in the first Outcomes 30todays placement.

Cattle with ormorbidity severe) assigned eachpost calf.

RTmeasured and BW were were alsowas captured. were as BRD amorbidity LS 3 or higher or with RT of at least 104.5°F (40.3°C) also captured. measured as BRD in Outcomes the first 30were days post placement.

Cattle with were treated with antibiotics.

Stepwise linear regression morbidity in the first 30 days post placement.

Cattle with a LS 3 or higher or with RT of at least 104.5°F (40.3°C)a was towith theat least value104.5°F of linear algorithm-based LS 3 orused higher ordetermine with RT of (40.3°C) were treated antibiotics.

Stepwise regression auscultation at arrival as a predictor of pen-lot BRD were with antibiotics. linear regression was treated used to determine theStepwise value of algorithm-based morbidity rate.

The final model was [% Morbidity = was used to determine theasvalue of algorithm-based auscultation at arrival a predictor of pen-lot BRD 0.65 x % LS 3 at arrival] (R2=0.62, p<0.001), meaning auscultation at arrival a predictor pen-lot BRD morbidity rate.

The asfinal model of was [% Morbidity = that increase in LS 3(R prevalence at placement wasx 2=0.62, morbidity The model was [%p<0.001), Morbidity = 0.65 0.65 ax1% %rate.

LS 3 at final arrival] meaning 2 associated with a(R 0.65% in morbidity evena with =0.62, meaning that 1% %that LS a3 1% at arrival] increase in LSincrease 3 p<0.001), prevalence at placement was treatment of diagnostically abnormal cattle at arrival. increase in LS 3 prevalence at placement was associated associated with a 0.65% increase in morbidity even with These dataofincrease suggest algorithm-based analysis of with a 0.65% inthat morbidity even with of treatment diagnostically abnormal cattletreatment at arrival. thoracic auscultation can be used not only to better predict diagnostically cattlealgorithm-based at arrival. Theseanalysis data These data abnormal suggest that of individual treatment outcomes but totopredict at suggest that algorithm-based analysis of thoracic thoracic auscultation can be used notalso only better pens predict risk of high BRD morbidity. Further research is needed to individual treatment outcomes also topredict predict pens at auscultation can be used not onlybut to better adapt PA protocols in an evidence-based manner. risk of high BRD morbidity. is needed individual treatment outcomesFurther but alsoresearch to predict pens atto adapt PA protocols in an evidence-based manner. risk of high BRD morbidity.

Further research is needed to Future Directions adapt PA protocols in an evidence-based manner.

While using computer-based algorithms to assess Future Directions lung sounds is more accurate than physical exam and While usingassessments computer-based algorithms to assess Future Directions temperature alone they do not explain all lung sounds are more accurate than physical and While using computer-based algorithms to assess lung of the variation in case fatality rates for casesexam of BRD. temperature assessments alone they do notand explain all sounds accurate than physical exam There are aremore numerous other technologies that have been of the variation in case fatality rates for cases of BRD. temperature assessments alone theypredictive do not explain all of demonstrated to be moderately of outcome 1been There areofnumerous otherrates technologies that haveThere the in caseincluding fatality for cases BRD. in variation cases BRD serum lactateof analysis and 9 demonstrated to moderately predictive of outcome in are numerous other technologies that have been thoracic ultrasound . It is likely that combining multiple 1 and cases of BRD including serum lactate analysis demonstrated to moderately predictive of outcome in cases of these technologies into a single systematic diagnostic 1 9 Itresults is likely that bythoracic combining thoracic ultrasound and ofprocess BRD including analysis will yieldserum the .bestlactate for predicting the severity 9 multiple of technologies into a single . Itthese isoflikely that combining multiple of ultrasound and chronicity BRD in by feedlot cattle.

Thissystematic increased diagnostic process will thesystematic best results predicting these technologies into ayield single diagnostic precision will allow for the development offor more robust the severity and chronicity of BRD feedlot will cattle. evidence treatment platforms which key process willbased yield the best results for in predicting the be This increased will allow the development of in improving both clinical outcomes andcattle. improving severity andprecision chronicity of BRD in for feedlot This the more robust based** treatment platformsofwhich judicious use evidence of antibiotics. increased precision will allow for the development more will be key inbased improving both clinicalwhich outcomes and robust evidence treatment platforms will be improving the judicious use of antibiotics. ** References Available on Website key in improving both clinical outcomes and improving References on pacdvms.com. the judicious available use of antibiotics.. **

Newest PAC Members Aria Blaize

Charli Grace

Parents: Jesse and Kristy Landin

Parents: Jason and Wendy Timmerman

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That’s why cattle feeders across the nation count on Revalor-XS. In fact, a recent independent survey * of U.S. feedyards showed that over 76 percent of steers received Revalor-XS.

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Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. For complete information, refer to product label. *CattleFax Implant Survey, with placement weights up to 800 lb., First Quarter 2015 merck-animal-health-usa.com • 800-521-5767 Copyright © 2015 Intervet Inc., doing business as Merck Animal Health, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

6/15 BV-53094-3 A1

Getting to Know the PAC Team: Garrett Taylor I was born and raised in Oakley, KS. My parents ran the local veterinary clinic in Oakley, but I was never interested in working on animals. I knew I enjoyed working with computers when we got our first 286 computer with an 8” floppy drive. When we upgraded to a 486 machine a few years later I remember being astounded that all of my favorite games from the 286 no longer ran correctly. Most programs in that era were written to run as fast as the processor could run them. When I loaded up Asteroids on the new machine, my ship crashed before I knew what happened.

I continued to expand the time I spent on everything electronic throughout my school years. I worked for the school district maintaining their fleet of computers. On my own time I setup and repaired computers for local businesses and families. When we got our first Internet connection I tried my hand at website design, but I was not artistic enough for that then and remain that way today.

For college, I decided to follow in my father’s footsteps and attend Kansas State University. I received my Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science in 2007. During my time in college I started work on the first iteration of the reporting program the PAC vets use. Whisper® also began its life in my apartment while on the phone with Dr. Taylor and Dr. Noffsinger.

My first position out of college was with Cerner Corporation in Kansas City. Cerner offers a broad set of solutions for use in human healthcare, from medical records to imaging. It was interesting work, but I wanted to focus on the software PAC needed to operate more efficiently. I also wanted to continue to move Whisper® forward. In 2010 I made the decision to leave Cerner and focus on PAC, Whisper®, and other clients in the agriculture industry full time.

While at Cerner I reluctantly agreed to go on a blind date and just happened to meet my wife. Brooke and I married in 2009 and moved to a small town outside of Kansas City. As of June we have three children: Logan (3), Hank (2), and Cheyenne (2 months); two dogs: Kobe and Snoopy, and one cat, Taffy. Quiet moments in our house are rare, but they keep life interesting and fun. I hear that our family (or the creation of it) has even earned a nickname – the Taylor Turnaround™. I’m looking forward to the next 30 years to see who turns my hair white first – PAC, Whisper®, or Cheyenne.

Left top: Garrett, Brooke and kids Left bottom: Hank and Logan Above: Hank, Cheyenne and Logan Right: Hank

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4th Annual Annual PAC PAC Beef Beef Summit Summit Review Review 4th As always, our goal is to bring you valuable, applicable, As always, ourgoal goalisistotobring bring you valuable, applicable, and pertinent information that can help you and your As always, our you valuable, applicable, and pertinent information that can help you and your operation achieve outstanding outcomes.

We intend to and pertinent information that can help you and your th th annual We want to thank you for helping us make the 4 We want to thank you for helping us make the 4th operation achieve outstanding outcomes.

We intend not not waste any of your time, as well as allow you the We want to thank you for helping us make the 4 annual operation achieve outstanding outcomes. We intend ability totonot PAC Beef Summit meeting a tremendous success.

We were PAC Beef Summit meeting a tremendous success.

We waste any of your time, as well as allow you the ability to interact with other industry-leading professionals, and PAC Beef Summit meeting a tremendous success. We waste any of your time, as well as allow you the ability toto excited about the record participation and discussions that were excited about the record participation and discussions interact with other industry-leading professionals, and hopefully go home with a renewedprofessionals, energy and optimism were excited about the record participation and discussions interact with other industry-leading and took place at the meeting. that took place at the meeting. hopefully go home with a renewed energy and optimism to face your daily with battles. that took place at the meeting. hopefully go home a renewed energy and optimism toto faceyour yourdaily dailybattles. battles. face The theme of this year’s meeting was “Rising to the The of this year’s meeting was “Rising to the We truly hope you enjoyed the meeting and if you have The theme of this year’s meeting was “Rising to the Challenge.”

The meeting issues in the Challenge.”

The addressed current issues in the We truly hope you enjoyed themeeting meeting and youhave have any comments or suggestions for future meetings please Challenge.” The meeting addressed current issues in the We truly hope you enjoyed the and ififyou feedyard as heat load management with Dr. Kev feedyard such as heat load management with Dr. Kev any comments or suggestions for future meetings please contact Kelly via email at kelly.terrell@pacdvms.com, feedyard such as heat load management with Dr. Kev any comments or suggestions for future meetings please or Sullivan, Australia; cattle fatigue syndrome with Dr. Dan Sullivan, Australia; cattle fatigue syndrome with Dr. Dan contact Kelly viaemail emailatat terrellkelly@gmail.com, your your PAC veterinarian.

And if we have failed in any way Sullivan, Australia; cattle fatigue syndrome with Dr. Dan contact Kelly via terrellkelly@gmail.com, ororyour Frese, State University; and heart failure with Frese, Kansas State University; and heart failure with Dr. PAC veterinarian.

And if we have failed in any way please let us know as well!

Your comments are greatly Frese, Kansas State University; and heart failure with Dr. PAC veterinarian. And if we have failed in any way Dr. Joe Neary, Texas Tech University.

Dr. Dan Thomson, JoeNeary, Neary, Texas Tech University.

Dr.Dan Dan Thomson, appreciated.

Dr. Kip, Kelly, and comments Lisa are already planning please know well!

Your comments aregreatly greatly Joe Texas Tech University.

Dr. Thomson, please letletususknow asaswell!

Your are Kansas State University, discussed the veterinary feed Kansas University, discussed the veterinary feed next year’s meeting, but don’t be giving Dr. Kip any wild appreciated.

Dr. Kip, Kelly, and Lisa are already planning Kansas State University, discussed the veterinary feed appreciated. Dr. Kip, Kelly, and Lisa are already planning directive updates, along with current trends our industry ideas!

Most importantly, we look forward to seeing you directive updates, trends our industry is next year’s meeting, but don’t be giving Dr. Kip any wild directive updates, along with current trends our industry is next year’s meeting, but don’t be giving Dr. Kip any wild isfaced facedwith. with. all again next year, and if you haven’t attended a Summit ideas!

Most importantly, we look forward to seeing you faced with. ideas! Most importantly, we look forward to seeing you meeting yet,year, be intentional getting there!

Lastly, againnext next year, andififyou youabout haven’t attended Summit allall again and haven’t attended a aSummit Dr. Larry Firkins from fromthe theUniversity University of Illinois gave a big thanks to Kelly and Lisa for all their hard work!

Dr. Larry Firkins of Illinois, gave meetingyet, yet,bebeintentional intentionalabout aboutgetting gettingthere! there!Lastly, Lastly, Dr. Larry Firkins from the University ofour Illinois, gaveto be meeting aa strategies on how to position others in business We couldn’t do it without these awesome, hard-charging strategies on how to position others in our business to be big thanks to Kelly and Lisa for all their hard work!

We strategies onand howour to keynote position speaker, others inJon ourMcGraw, business former to be big thanks to Kelly and Lisa for all their hard work! We successful, ladies! dodoit itwithout successfuland andour ourkeynote keynotespeaker, speaker,Jon JonMcGraw, McGraw,former former couldn’t couldn’t withoutthese theseawesome, awesome,hard-charging hard-charging successful K-State Wildcat and retired Kansas City Chief, showed K-State Wildcat and retired Kansas City Chief, showed us ladies!

K-State Wildcat retired Kansas City Chief, showed us ladies! us strategies toand use to to rise to challenges weboth face both Keep at it, strategies touse use torise rise challenges weface face strategies to to to challenges we both professionally and personally, personally,through througha performance a performance Dr. Nels professionally and Keep professionally and personally, through a performance Keep atatit,it, mindset. mindset.

Dr.Nels Nels mindset.

Dr. By: Dr. Nels Lindberg, Production By: Dr.Nels Nels Lindberg,PAC PAC By: Dr. Lindberg, Animal Consultation

Picturedfar farleft leftisisDr. Dr.Larry LarryFirkins Firkinsand andnext next Pictured to him is Jon McGraw.

Along with great to him is Jon McGraw. Along with great speakers,we wehad hada agreat greatturnout! turnout!Thank Thankyou you speakers, for helping make this year’s meeting a success! for helping make this year’s meeting a success!

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Upcoming Events

22nd - Cattle Handling Seminar, Atkinson NE, Dr. Kip presenting

PAC members will either be attending or speaking at these events over the next few months.

26th - CAB Annual Conference, San Antonio, TX, Dr. Tom presenting

September

9th - Kansas Animal Health Board Meeting, Manhattan, KS, Dr. Wade participating 12th - Nebraska Sandhills Cattlemens, Hemingford, NE, Dr. Tom presenting 15th - 16th - Beef Today’s Feedlot Cowboy College, Wichita, KS, Dr. Tom presenting 18th - American Association of Bovine Practitioners Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Dr. Jim presenting 21st - Cattle Handling Seminar, McCloughlin, SD, Dr. Kip presenting

28th - Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, Dr. Kip presenting

October

10th - Wild West Veterinarian Conference, Reno, NV, Dr. Tom presenting 15th - Systematic Management of PRRS, Madrid, Spain, Dr. Jim presenting 20th - KSU AABP Chapter Meeting, Manhattan, KS,, Dr. Tom presenting

Thank you to all sponsors for supporting PAC and Protein Producers.

American Animal Health

Newport Laboratories

Animal Health International

Norbrook

Boehringer Ingelheim

Nova Microbial Technologies

CPEC

Nutrition Physiology Company

Daniels Manufacturing Co.

Whisper Veterinary Stethoscope

DOCTalk

Zinpro

Elanco

Zoetis

Merck Animal Health Merial Micro Beef Technologies 3131

Production Animal Consultation Production Animal Consultation PO Box 41 PO KS Box67748 41 Oakley, Oakley, KS 67748 (785) 673-9572 (785) 673-9572 www.pacdvms.com www.pacdvms.com

THIRD CLASS PRSRT US POSTAGE

PAID NORTH PLATTE, NE

PERMIT 107

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