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1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.
2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.
1. During President Andrew Jackson’s presidency of the late 1820s to 1830s, politics in America became more democratic.
ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: p. 327
OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.
TOP: Jacksonian Democracy
2. The Tariff of 1828 was also known as the “tariff of abominations.”
ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: p. 333
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff
3. The political theory of “nullification” was meant to protect states’ rights against federal authority.
ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: p. 333
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff
4. In the midst of the nullification crisis, John C. Calhoun resigned as vice president.
ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: p. 336
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
TOP: The South Carolina Nullification Ordinance
5. President Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis was to ask Congress to raise the tariff.
ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: p. 337
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
TOP: Clay’s Compromise
6. Osceola led the Seminole resistance against federal government attempts to remove them from their lands.
ANS: T DIF: Difficult REF: p. 338
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
TOP: Indian Removal
7. The Cherokee Nation sued the state of Georgia in the early 1830s and the Supreme Court favored the argument that ancestral lands could not be taken from them.
ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: p. 340
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
TOP: The Trail of Tears
8. The Cherokee Indians were forced westward on the route that came to be known as the Trail of Tears.
ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: p. 341
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
TOP: The Trail of Tears
9. Andrew Jackson used his popularity in winning a decisive second term in 1832 to bolster the economic powers of the Second National Bank.
ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: p. 343
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
TOP: The Removal of Government Deposits
10. The Distribution Act provided for each veteran of the War of 1812 to receive 360 acres of land in the West.
ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: p. 344
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
TOP: The Money Question
11. Most Whigs were states’ rights advocates.
ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: p. 346
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
TOP: The Whig Coalition
12. The Panic of 1837 was the worst economic crisis the United States had experienced up to that point in its history.
ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: p. 347
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
TOP: The Eighth President
13. Martin Van Buren opposed the establishment of an independent treasury.
ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: p. 349
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
TOP: An Independent Treasury
14. By the third decade of the nineteenth century the U.S. population was doubling every 23 years.
ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: p. 351
OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.
TOP: Jackson’s Legacy
15. Jacksonian democracy involved the extension of voting rights to blacks, Indians, and women.
ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: p. 351
OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.
TOP: A New Political Landscape
1. During the 1820s and ’30s, more and more __________ were allowed to vote and hold office.
a. landless white males
b. married women
c. free blacks in the North
d. immigrants who were legal residents
e. citizens in western territories
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 327
OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Jacksonian Democracy
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following was a goal of Jackson’s administration?
a. Paying off the national debt
b. Creating a national bank
c. Protecting Native American lands
d. Ending slavery
e. Limiting presidential authority
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 328
OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: Jacksonian Democracy
MSC: Understanding
3. According to the textbook, Andrew Jackson was the most openly __________ president in the history of the United States up to that point.
a. congenial
b. partisan
c. bipartisan
d. divisive
e. unqualified
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 328
OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.
NAT: Historical Interpretations
TOP: Jacksonian Democracy
MSC: Understanding
4. What did Jackson consider a “national curse”?
a. Slavery
b. Forced Indian removal
c. The federal debt
d. The spoils system
e. Subservience to Great Britain
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 328
OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: Jacksonian Democracy
MSC: Understanding
5. The term __________ was given to Jackson’s policy of replacing government officials with his own friends and supporters once he was elected.
a. bureaucratic malfeasance
b. spoils system
c. Trail of Tears
d. corrupt bargain
e. Eaton affair
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 328
OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: The Spoils System and Presidential Conventions
MSC: Understanding
6. Why did Jackson veto the Maysville Road Bill?
a. It was a local matter, outside of Congressional authority.
b. He wanted to anger his political rival Calhoun.
c. He decided to take a stand for principled government.
d. It was explicitly unconstitutional.
e. He had told Congress not to pass it.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: pp. 330–331
OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.
NAT: Historical Interpretations
TOP: Internal Improvements
MSC: Analyzing
7. When Jackson became president, he was convinced the nation must be saved from
a. banks.
b. the British.
c. corrupt politicians.
d. the Republicans.
e. the Democrats.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 331
OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.
NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: The Bank War
MSC: Analyzing
8. During the 1820s, South Carolina experienced widespread emigration out of the state. What did most citizens of South Carolina believe to be the cause of this exodus?
a. Indian removal
b. The protective tariff
c. The nullification crisis
d. The corrupt bargain
e. The Dust Bowl
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: p. 333
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff
MSC: Understanding
9. The tariff of 1828 was known as the __________ by its detractors.
a. Mongrel Tariff
b. Not-Protective Tariff
c. Corrupt Bargain
d. Tariff of Abominations
e. Axis of Evil
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 333
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff
MSC: Remembering
10. The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was written by
a. Martin Van Buren.
b. Andrew Jackson.
c. James Eaton.
d. John C. Calhoun.
e. Daniel Webster.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 333
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff
MSC: Understanding
11. The belief that a state could decide if a federal law was enforced within their borders was known as
a. eradication.
b. denuncification.
c. nullification.
d. states’ rights.
e. invalidation.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: pp. 333–334
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff
MSC: Understanding
12. What event in 1830 brought more focus to the increasing differences between the North and South?
a. The Tariff of Abominations
b. The Webster-Hayne debate
c. The corrupt bargain
d. The Coffin handbill
e. The Emancipation Proclamation
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: p. 334
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: The Webster-Hayne Debate
MSC: Analyzing
13. In the controversy over “nullification” and the possible threat of secession by states’ rights advocates, President Jackson could be described as a
a. secessionist.
b. bipartisan negotiator.
c. unionist.
d. Jeffersonian
e. republicanism advocate.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: p. 335
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: Jackson versus Calhoun
MSC: Analyzing
14. In the 1830s, __________ was the only state in which the majority of the population were slaves.
a. Texas
b. Tennessee
c. Virginia
d. South Carolina
e. Missouri
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: pp. 335–336
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: The South Carolina Nullification Ordinance
MSC: Remembering
15. When South Carolina declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void, how many other states also endorsed nullification?
a. All of them
b. None of them
c. Five others
d. Fifteen others
e. All the southern states
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: p. 336
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Jackson’s Firm Response
MSC: Understanding
16. Although Jackson was against an overreaching federal government, the __________ showed that he was not always a supporter of states’ rights.
a. Force Bill
b. Indian removal policy
c. death of the bank
d. corrupt bargain
e. Maysville veto
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: p. 337
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Clay’s Compromise
MSC: Evaluating
17. The “Force Bill” desired by President Jackson would have authorized him to use to force states to comply with federal law.
a. state militias
b. the National Guard
c. local police forces
d. the U.S. Army
e. privately recruited mercenaries
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: p. 337
OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.
NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: Clay’s Compromise
MSC: Understanding
18. According to the textbook, Jackson’s lowest moment as president came during the
a. Stamp Act crisis.
b. corrupt bargain.
c. death of the Bank of the United States.
d. Indian relocation.
e. nullification crisis.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 338
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Historical Interpretations
TOP: Jackson’s Indian Policy
MSC: Evaluating
19. In what areas did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 affect Native Americans the most?
a. The coasts
b. South and East
c. Midwest and West
d. California and Arizona
e. Texas and Oklahoma
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: p. 338
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: Indian Removal
20. A number of prominent Americans advised against Jackson’s Indian removal policy, including
a. Mark Twain.
b. James Monroe.
c. Nathaniel Hawthorne.
d. Herman Melville.
e. Davy Crockett.
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: p. 338
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: Indian Removal
MSC: Remembering
21. Although most northern Indian tribes were too weak to resist removal westward, the
__________ peoples fought to try to remain in the Illinois and Wisconsin Territories.
a. Sauk and Fox
b. Oto and Ute
c. Dakota and Lakota
d. Cree and Oneida
e. Hopi and Navajo
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 338
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: Indian Removal
MSC: Remembering
22. What Native American people waged a guerrilla war against the U.S. Army in the 1830s to prevent being removed from their ancestral lands?
a. Creeks
b. Sioux
c. Choctaws
d. Cherokees
e. Seminoles
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: pp. 338–339
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Indian Removal
MSC: Remembering
23. When this Native American chief was captured by the United States, the conflict with the Seminoles in Florida slowly came to an end.
a. Black Fox
b. Crazy Horse
c. Geronimo
d. Osceola
e. Buffalo Hump
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: pp. 338–339
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: Indian Removal
MSC: Remembering
24. According to the textbook, which of the following Native American tribes came closest to adopting the customs of white Americans?
a. Seminoles
b. Sioux
c. Karankawa
d. Cherokee
e. Fox
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 339
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: The Trail of Tears
MSC: Understanding
25. In what case did the Supreme Court rule that Native American tribes did not have to give up their land involuntarily?
a. McCullough v. Maryland
b. Marshall v. Madison
c. Chippewa v. Jackson
d. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
e. Worcester v. Georgia
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: p. 340
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: The Trail of Tears
MSC: Understanding
26. In the case of __________ the Supreme Court ruled that Georgia law had no force within the Cherokee nation.
a. McCullough v. Maryland
b. Marshall v. Madison
c. Chippewa v. Jackson
d. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
e. Worcester v. Georgia
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: p. 340
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: The Trail of Tears
MSC: Understanding
27. The tribe most affected by the Trail of Tears was the
a. Cherokee.
b. Sioux.
c. Fox.
d. Cheyenne.
e. Chippewa.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 341
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: The Trail of Tears
MSC: Understanding
28. The destination of the Trail of Tears was present-day
a. Texas.
b. Oklahoma.
c. Arkansas.
d. Wyoming.
e. Wisconsin.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 341
OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: The Trail of Tears
MSC: Remembering
29. In preparing for the 1832 election, both major political parties followed the example of the __________ in holding national nominating conventions.
a. Whig party
b. Know-Nothings
c. American party
d. Anti-Masonic party
e. Federalist party
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 342
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: The 1832 Election
MSC: Understanding
30. During the Bank War, President Jackson ordered the
a. creation of “pet banks” for federal deposits.
b. creation of a sub-treasury not open to the public.
c. continuation of the Bank of the United States’ charter.
d. establishment of the Federal Reserve.
e. abolishment of paper currency.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 343
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: The Removal of Government Deposits
MSC: Understanding
31. Which of the following was a destabilizing factor in the U.S. economy in the mid-1830s despite a balanced federal budget?
a. An imbalance in foreign trade
b. The amount of paper money in circulation
c. Not enough gold in U.S. reserves
d. A phenomenon known later a “stagflation”
e. President Van Buren’s lack of economic knowledge
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: p. 344
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: The Money Question
MSC: Analyzing
32. Despite President Jackson’s attempt to get a federal law passed that would censor certain publications, his efforts actually strengthened __________ movements.
a. nativist
b. nationalist
c. abolitionist
d. socialist
e. states’ rights
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 345–346
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
NAT: Events and Processes
TOP: Censoring the Mail
MSC: Evaluating
33. An anti-Jackson coalition hostile to his authoritarian style organized into the
party in the mid-1830s.
a. Whig
b. Democrat
c. Know-Nothing
d. American party
e. Federalists
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 346
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: The Whig Coalition
MSC: Understanding
34. Which of the following parties supported federal spending for internal improvements to foster economic growth?
a. Whigs
b. Democrats
c. Know-Nothings
d. American party
e. Federalists
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 346
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: The Whig Coalition
MSC: Understanding
35. Catholics from Germany and Ireland, arriving in the 1830s, were often attracted to the policies of the _______ party.
a. Democratic
b. Republican
c. Jacksonian
d. Whig
e. American
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 346–347
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the
emergence of the Whig party.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: The Whig Coalition
MSC: Understanding
36. One major factor leading to the Panic of 1837 was
a. hyperinflation.
b. hypoinflation.
c. Jackson’s support of the Second National Bank.
d. Van Buren’s foreign policy.
e. declining British demand for U.S. cotton.
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 347–348
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
NAT: Comparisons and Connections
TOP: The Panic of 1837
MSC: Analyzing
37. In the 1840 election, the Whig party adopted __________ to run on.
a. an anti-slavery platform
b. a pro-slavery platform
c. no platform
d. a pro–Bank of the United States platform
e. an anti–Bank of the United States platform
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 349–350
OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: The “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” Campaign
MSC: Understanding
38. Which of the following occurred during the Jackson administration?
a. Passage of the Independent Treasury Act
b. Booming industrialization
c. The “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” Campaign
d. A decline in urban population
e. Decreased westward expansion
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 350–351
OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: Jackson’s Legacy
MSC: Analyzing
39. Which of the following were attracted to the Democratic party during Jackson’s administration?
a. The “common man”
b. The wealthy class
c. Native Americans
d. African Americans
e. Bankers
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 351
OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.
NAT: Historical Period
TOP: A New Political Landscape
MSC: Understanding
40. Although one can make the case that Jackson’s was a transformational presidency, it is one that applied only to
a. land owners.
b. rich easterners.
c. white men.
d. southern plantation owners.
e. northern industrialists.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: p. 351
OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.
NAT: Change and Continuity
TOP: A New Political Landscape
MSC: Evaluating ESSAY
1. What was Jackson’s most important accomplishment as president? What was his greatest failure? Explain how each affected U.S. society and politics of that era.
ANS: Answers will vary.
2. The Tariff of 1828 proved to be the impetus behind the entire nullification controversy. Why
was the tariff passed, and why did it lead to the nullification controversy?
ANS: Answers will vary.
3. What were the causes and results of the panic of 1837? What impact did this economic crisis have on the Van Buren administration?
ANS: Answer will vary.
4. Consider the era from the presidential election of 1824 through the end of Andrew Jackson’s presidency (1837). How was he “transformational”? Explain what was different about him compared with previous elections and administrations.
ANS: Answers will vary
5. Discuss Andrew Jackson’s “contradictions” in terms of his attitudes and actions toward the “common man,” Indians, women, blacks, the role of federal versus state government, and expanding opportunity versus maintaining the status quo.
ANS: Answers will vary
Match each person or group with one of the following descriptions.
a. Was a southern congressman who wanted to ban anti-slavery materials
b. Was a strong supporter of states’ rights
c. Was called the “Little Magician”
d. Was the director of the Second Bank of the United States
e. Resigned the vice presidency in 1832
f. Brokered a compromise to resolve the Nullification crisis
g. Won the presidency with his “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” campaign
h. Was the Massachusetts senator who said “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable”
i. Was the 1840 Whig vice-presidential candidate
j. Was a “civilized” tribe that successfully assimilated to white culture
1. Nicholas Biddle
2. John C. Calhoun
3. Henry Clay 4. Robert Y. Hayne 5. William Henry Harrison 6. James Hammond 7. John Tyler 8. Martin Van Buren 9. Daniel Webster 10. Cherokee Nation 1. ANS: D 2. ANS: E 3. ANS: F 4. ANS: B 5. ANS: G 6. ANS: A