Penobscot-Piscataquis-Bangor by Discover Maine Magazine

DISCOVER

MAINE Volume 9, Issue 3

Maineâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s History Magazine Penobscot - Piscataquis Greater Bangor Region

Free 2012

www.discovermainemagazine.com Bangor Journalist Maggie Hamm A lady well ahead of the times

Edward Hatchâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Buffalo Soldiers Bangor man commanded famous cavalry regiment

The Lamoine Naval Coaling Station Marlboro Beach once served as a vital asset for the Navy

2 4 7 9 13 18 23 27 30 33 35 38 41 44 47 49 51 53 57 60 62 65 67

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

~ Inside This Edition ~

The Tithing Man And Other Curious Customs Of Days Gone By Municipal positions included fence viewer and hog reeve Charles Francis The Genealogy Corner Tracking family connections in Bangor Charles Francis The Wonderful Worlds Of Tim Caverly Maine author’s books teach students about the Allagash Charles Francis Patten Soldier Survived Ship’s Sinking Ira Gardner’s perilous tour of duty Ian MacKinnon The Magical World Of Elenore Plaisted Lincoln’s famous author/illustrator Charles Francis Edward Hatch’s Buffalo Soldiers Bangor man commanded famous cavalry regiment Charles Francis A River Bank’s History Lesson Brewer home to sunken vessels from the Penobscot Expedition of 1779 Charles Francis Nancy Gross Montville’s battlefield nurse Charles Francis The Lamoine Naval Coaling Station Marlboro Beach once served as a vital asset for the Navy Charles Francis When Buick Was The Choice Of Northern Maine Farmers Luxurious and tough – just right for “The County” Charles Francis Electrotherapy Cure-alls Old Town firm employed up to 60 Charles Francis Jack McAuliffe Haymarket Square’s Irish boxer was “quick as greased lightning” Charles Francis Bangor Journalist Maggie Hamm A lady well ahead of the times Charles Francis The Bangor Band: Continuing The Legacy Entertaining the public since 1859 and still going strong James Nalley The Historian John Francis Sprague A life dedicated to Maine’s history Matthew Jude Barker Maine Weather The forecast, simplified John McDonald Old Hunter Ellis Experienced hunter and trapper told many tall tales at Kineo Steve Pinkham Lombards In The Piscataquis Woods Walter Arnold’s memories of his 13th winter Ian MacKinnon Just Dropping In, Ladies Former Maine Game Warden’s first on-duty plane ride John Ford Sr. Saturday Night Baths And Other Timely Ablutions Bathing was once a luxury for only the well-to-do Charles Francis “Save The Depot” Works To Preserve A Greenville Landmark Group’s efforts to keep unused railroad station Ian MacKinnon Directory Of Advertisers See who helps us bring Maine’s history to you!

Discover Maine Magazine Penobscot-Piscataquis Greater Bangor Region Published Annually by CreMark, Inc. 10 Exchange Street, Suite 208 Portland, Maine 04101 (207) 874-7720 info@discovermainemagazine.com

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Vessel ready for launching in brewer from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org All photos in Discover Maine’s PenobscotPiscataquis-Greater Bangor Region show Maine as it used to be, and many are from local citizens who love this part of Maine. Photos are also provided from our collaboration with the Maine Historical Society and the Penobscot Marine Museum.

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Notes From The Fayette Ridge Spring is here!

by Michele Farrar

esterday my old friend Bob, who lives up here on the ridge, practically ran from his house to mine. He arrived rosycheeked and out of breath. “Spring is here!” he roared. I looked down at his boots and said, “Sure is.” He was standing in front of my basement door, and his feet had all but disappeared. I could barely make out the top of his boots because the rest of them were mired in the mud. Everyone knows the old saying about Maine weather: “If you don’t like it, wait five minutes.” The same can pretty much be said about the seasons. Two weeks ago Bob bought a sled for his grandson, and they slid down the hill for five days straight. Now, with Bob standing in my driveway up to his calves in mud, the outdoor thermometer was reading 83 degrees in the sun. We decided to take Bob’s grandson to the playground to celebrate this sudden arrival of Spring. There were several other moms and grandparents there with their children, plus a couple of dogs. Because we live in Maine, we dress in layers, and there was a wide assortment of layers piled on the merry-goround from where everyone had stripped down in the heat. Most of the women were in tank tops by now, a fact which did not go unnoticed by Bob. Aiden (Bob’s grandson — a cheerful, intelligent, inquisitive two-year-old) was running as fast as his little legs would allow from one place to another. He tried out the slides (with the help of Bob’s niece, who had come with us for this purpose — Bob and I had discussed the possibility of going down the slides and decided that the probability of them being too narrow for either of us was quite high), flew through the air on the swing, and did some excavating with a contraption I’ve never seen before. It’s like a miniature backhoe with

handles that the kids use to operate the shovel. I asked Bob if he had ever seen anything like this, and he hadn’t. Aiden seemed quite familiar with it, which I guess is due to the fact that he has little excavating toys and he knows how to work them. Aiden was most excited by a group of eight- or nine-year olds who were playing basketball. He wanted to join the game so badly, but he doesn’t understand that he’s two and very short compared to the other boys. We let him watch for awhile and promised we’d get him his own ball for next time. Eventually the boys (and their ball) went home, and we were the only ones left on the playground. It was really hot by now — Bob said “Where did July come from, anyway?” — and we’d stripped as many layers as we could in public. Aiden had discovered a huge puddle at the edge of the playground, where the tar meets the dirt. Since it was winter just ten days ago, there were several mounds of dirty snow — leftovers from the plows whose engines were likely still cooling in a garage somewhere. It took him about half a second to jump squarely into that puddle, sneakers and all. Since he was already wet, we let him jump around, squealing with delight. It was a perfect puddle — very wide (much like a small pond), and shallow. Before long Aiden was soaking wet and muddy, and beaming like he did on Christmas morning when he opened up his Mater dump truck. At this point we decided to strip him down to his diaper. Ecstatic, he began running in the water. One of the dogs decided to make a game of it, and they raced back and forth across that huge puddle. I asked Bob what his daughter (Aiden’s mom) would think about the situation, and we decided to swear ourselves to secrecy regarding the near-naked toddler splashing around in a muddy puddle surrounded by dirty snow banks. 

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ucky was the boy of yore who had none to look after him on the day set aside for the Lord. On the Lord’s Day this lad might be found paddling his boat under a sunny bank, his feet bare and pants rolled up above his knees, ready to leap into the water at a moment’s notice. When James Whitcomb Riley professed these sentiments or something close to them in the late 1800s, he was referring to a time some fifty or more years in the past. On a Sunday of the early 1800s our conformist ancestors all attended Sunday church services. Women and girls found attending the services more to their taste than men and boys. At least that is the supposition. It is generally presumed that the fairer sex likes “dressing up” more than males. On the Sabbath men and boys were under a certain subjection to polish their shoes and brush their go-to-meeting clothes. Once properly attired, all marched off to sit, straight-backed in pews. Sleeping in church was one of the most common of the many viola-

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

The Tithing Man

And Other Curious Customs Of Days Gone By

Municipal positions included fence viewer and hog reeve

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tions of the Sabbath some 200 and more years ago, and ministers employed many devices to see that members of the congregation remained awake during their sermons. Judge Freeman Dearth once told a story of a minister, who upon seeing one of his congregation sleeping, suddenly shouted at the top of his voice, “Fire! Fire! Fire!” The sleeping man, instinctively jumping to his feet, asked “Where?” The minister replied, “In Hell, for sleeping sinners.” Freeman Dearth was born in and grew up in Sangerville. He practiced law in Dexter and held numerous positions of importance in that community, as well as at the county and state levels. His grandfather Leonard Dearth was one of the early settlers of Sangerville. Judge Dearth was named for his father, Freeman Daniel Dearth, a prosperous Sangerville farmer. In 1914 Sangerville celebrated its centenary. John Francis Sprague gave the historical address to mark the event. In it he described how the

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town once elected a tithing man at annual town meeting. Sprague said the tithing man — it is also spelled tything — was charged with “keeping the Sabbath Day holy.” According to John Francis Sprague, the Sangerville tithing man “compelled” residents to attend church. During the service, the tithing man stood at the back carefully watching to see that all of the congregation were attentive. He was equipped with a “fox tail wand [to keep members of the congregation] awake during the sermon.” Sprague commented that the office of tithing man “has during the last half century become entirely obsolete in Maine.” The position of tithing man in Maine stemmed from early laws enacted by the Massachusetts General Court, when Maine was part of Massachusetts. Its origins stretch back to early Anglo-Saxon England. In the reign of Alfred the Great people banded together in a “tything” of which each group consisted of ten families. These groups would meet regularly to discuss common concerns and mutual protection. More importantly, the groups served as a guarantee that criminals would be brought forth and delivered for disposition. The “tything” set in place neighborhood patrols in order to keep an eye on property to

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protect against theft or damage. The head of this neighborhood group was referred to as a “tythingman.” There are a number of other municipal positions dating to the period of the early 1800s and later when Maine became a state that we would view as odd today. The position of hog reeve is one such. Then there are odd positions from the 1800s that still have statutory applicability today. That of fence viewer is one. A hog reeve rounded up stray hogs. “Reeve” derives from the same root as the “riff ” in sheriff. People raising pigs for food usually marked them, then turned them loose in the early spring, not driving them home until it was time to fatten them up in the fall. Each year, hog reeves were elected at town meeting to capture and impound any pigs found trespassing on someone’s crop land. The hog reeve turned the offending animal over to the pound keeper, who fed them until they were claimed by the owner, who paid a set fee. It was often the custom to elect newly married men as one of the hog reeves at the next town meeting. The young man or men would serve until there was a qualified successor. The implication is the position was not popular, but necessary. Hogs are dirty stubborn creatures

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and they are dangerous to deal with. When agriculture was the chief support of most families it was extremely important that boundaries and fences be maintained. Farmers clearing their lands were usually confronted with boulders and rocks. They used the stone to build walls along the edges of their fields, frequently at the property boundary. The fence viewer was needed on those occasions when walls were eroded, moved, or modified illegally. Changing a boundary line was serious. The fence viewer was elected at town meeting to administer fence laws, to inspect new fences and settle disputes arising from trespass by livestock. Boundaries and fences had to be maintained. If a farmer neglected his fence, his neighbor could do the repairs and charge his nonperforming neighbor. An early Maine law put the cost at double to the neighbor. Twelve percent interest was added to this. Maine still has a law relating to fence viewers on the books. As of 1991 it read: If any party neglects or refuses to repair or rebuild any such fence that that party is legally required to maintain, the aggrieved party may complain to two or more fence viewers of the town where the land is situated who, after due notice to the delinquent party, shall proceed to survey it and, if they determine that it is insufficient, (Continued on page 6)

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(Continued from page 5)

they shall signify it in writing to the delinquent occupant and direct the delinquent occupant to repair or rebuild it within such time as they judge reasonable not exceeding 30 days. If the fence is not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may make or repair it. Today we think of the State taking responsibility for laws regulating conduct and public welfare. This wasn’t the way it was back in the early 1800s. For example, towns were responsible for licensing sellers of alcohol. John Francis Sprague tells us that in 1822 the first meeting of the Sangerville licensing board took place in the home of Isaac Macomber. Macomber was a board member. He also was given the first license to sell alcohol in town. Towns were also responsible for the care of the indigent. The term used back then was pauper. Care of the destitute was the responsibility of the community. In Sangerville, care was provided in the home. The town paid for it. Residents bid on particular individuals at town meeting. Sprague tells us that in 1823 Sangerville determined that one Mrs. D. was proved as being unable to care for her three children. Each child was auctioned to a different home at town meeting. Some may think the practices of the past as

City sprinkler, Brewer. Item #LB200826127 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org more than odd, as excessively demeaning or severe. They were done to maintain community stability. Today we are more often to find their like at the state and federal level. Just consider the Arizona immigration law or the fact

that passports are now required to visit our neighbor to the north, Canada. Who could have imagined either legal happenstance just a few short years ago? 

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The Genealogy Corner Tracking family connections in Bangor by Charles Francis

ack in 1817 a young Scots couple named Hugh and Mary McKinnon left their native Highlands for the New World. They ended up in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. The stream where they built their home came to be called McKinnon’s Brook. Their children spread out from the original homestead to settle Nova Scotia communities like Inverness and Pictou. John McKinnon settled in Antigonish where he married Catherine Lisholm. In 1860 they had a daughter who they named Mary after her grandmother. In 1884 that Mary married Patrick Gillin in Woodstock, New Brunswick. The McKinnons then lost track of Mary. There was a tradition that she and Patrick settled in Bangor, but no one knew for sure. How do you check out family traditions such as these? How would one go about discovering if Patrick and Mary (McKinnon) Gillin did indeed make their home in Bangor? There are actually a variety of ways to trace family members who were born or died or who once lived in Bangor. A good place to begin is the Family History Center on Grandview Street. Before you go here, however, you might want to check out the family search website on the Internet. The information on it comes from the same organization that operates the Family History Center in Bangor and other centers across the country, the Church of the Latter Day Saints. The Internet address of the latter is www.familysearch.org. You can find the phone number of the Family History Center in the telephone book. A call will provide

you with the hours the center is open. The Family History Center is a good place to begin researching family history as it is quite broad-based. There are other immediate resources in Bangor, however. One of them is the City of Bangor itself. Many just starting to look into their family history overlook some of the most obvious local resources, like the offices where municipal records are kept. Town and city clerks are used to fielding queries of a genealogical nature. They can usually point out the books which are the most likely repositories of birth, death and marriage records of a particular individual without much difficulty if they have a general date and proper name spelling to work from. The office of the Bangor City Clerk will actually look up information for a small fee. It has records dating back to the early part of the nineteenth century. Of course, there is a fee for various document copies. As a general statement, local records in any Maine town or city that date from prior to 1900 are accessible to the general public. Records after 1900 are sometimes only available to immediate family members or others with a legal right to know. The Bangor Public Library is another source of genealogical data. It has such resources as city directories and the Vital Records of Bangor. It also has obituary indexes for the Bangor Daily News and earlier (Continued on page 8)

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(Continued from page 7)

Bangor Commercial. The index goes by surname. The office of the Penobscot County Clerk on Hammond Street is another often-overlooked source of genealogical information for Bangor and Penobscot County as a whole. The same caveats as for the Bangor City Clerk apply here. Beyond the immediate confines of the City of Bangor itself there are the State of Maine offices that serve as repositories of vital records. These are the Maine State Archives and the Maine State Office of Vital Statistics. Both are in Augusta. The Maine State Archives has birth, death and marriage records for every town in Maine from 1892 to 1922. The Office of Vital Statistics has records from 1923 to the present. The Office of Vital Statistics also has divorce records. Both offices charge fees for various services. As for Patrick and Mary (McKinnon) Gillin, they indeed settled in Bangor. Patrick Gillin had been born in Houlton, which is just over the border from Woodstock, New Brunswick. City of Bangor Directories show that Patrick Gillin practiced law in Bangor. Patrick and Mary Gillin had several children. One of them followed in his father’s footsteps

Blair’s Auto Rest Park, Milford. Item #101497 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org as an attorney. This was James. City Directories even give the address of James Gillin’s law office. It was at 15 Columbia Street. He served on the Bangor City Council and was a member of Governor Baxter’s staff. He also served in the Army during World War I. James Gillin married Hazel Delano in 1917. She was from Bangor. The couple had three children.

Information like the above on Patrick and Mary (McKinnon) Gillin is all easily obtainable by researching just a few books and other sources readily available in Bangor. All that is necessary in many cases —as in that of Patrick and Mary — is approximate dates and possibilities of residence. 

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The Wonderful Worlds Of Tim Caverly Maine author’s books teach students about the Allagash by Charles Francis

Emile Camille House (Photo courtesy of Tim Caverly)

or many teachers — especially language arts teachers — the greatest challenge is getting students to pick up a book just for the fun of it, to get their young charges in the habit of reading. Educators have a variety of terms for young people who don’t like to

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read: they range from euphemistic descriptions such as Johnnie or Joannie is a reluctant reader or hesitant reader, to the resigned commentary of the jaded, so-and-so hates to read, he or she is a non-reader. Tim Caverly ran into just this situation when he started work as an ed-tech in the Millinocket middle school system. And Tim decided to do something to rectify the situation vis-à-vis the reluctant reader. Tim decided to write a good young people’s book. Tim Caverly is the author of An Allagash Haunting, The Story of Emile Camille. The book is the story of Olivia, a ten-year-old girl who canoes the Allagash Wilderness Waterway. The tale features a small hunting cabin deep in the Maine wilderness. It features the ghost of a French Canadian lumberjack, Emile Camile. Emile lived in that long-ago time of 1925. An Allagash Haunting, The Story of Emile Camille is being used in middle schools to encourage students to read and increase their vocabulary. You can find it in many public libraries across the state. Tim Caverly readily autographs copies for readers. Recently, one such reader, Jonathan, wrote Tim “I just wanted to say that [you] autographed my book today at the sportsman show and I wanted to tell [you] that I am almost done with the book. I love it, it is by far the [best] book I’ve ever read and that’s why I am gonna recommend the book to my school,

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(Continued from page 9)

Reeds Brook Middle School.” (The Reeds Brook Middle School is in Hampden.) There you have it. A twelve- or thirteenyear-old boy who recommends a book about a ten-year-old girl! Quite clearly Tim Caverly has something that appeals to young readers, whatever their gender. Caverly understands that for a book to be a “good read” for a young person, it has to have good narrative. Throw in a dollop of the supernatural and an appreciation for local color and you have an unbeatable combination. That’s why almost every language arts teacher will have copies of Stephen King or R. L. Stine books available for their students. Visit a classroom where there are copies of these two writers’ books and you will see wellused, dog-eared paperbacks. Young readers like clear, fast-paced narratives involving the supernatural. An Allagash Haunting, The Story of Emile Camille is more than a tale of the supernatural. It is a tale of the Allagash Wilderness Waterway, something Tim Caverly knows a good deal about. Caverly was Ranger Supervisor of the Allagash Wilderness Waterway for eighteen years. He also knows something about how a young girl would view the Waterway in

particular and the wilderness in general. He raised his own daughter, Jacquelyn, on the Allagash until she was sixteen. She’s now a parent in her own right, with a daughter Olivia. And with those facts we have another component for the story of Emile Camille. The story is set up with a future canoe trip down the Allagash Wilderness Waterway by Jacquelyn, her husband Kevin, and their daughter Olivia. Caverly’s long tenure on the Allagash has a good deal to do with his making the region come alive in his books — there is more than one — about the Waterway. He had plenty of opportunity to pick up stories of strange happenings and tales during his eighteen years. Caverly was also friends with one of the great Allagash story-tellers, Dorothy Boone Kidney. Caverly says “Dot and her husband [Milford] worked for me for several years while they lived at Locke Dam. I always enjoyed her writing and having coffee at their kitchen table.” And if this isn’t enough, consider Caverly’s own background while growing up. Tim Caverly grew up shadowing his father who was a fire warden with the Maine Forest Service, and supervisor — along with his wife — of the Allagash Wilderness Waterway. His brother was a ranger in Baxter State Park. An

uncle had served as Director of Baxter State Park. With these experiences it was natural for the Skowhegan-born future ranger to seek a career in the outdoors. Caverly earned a Bachelor of Science Degree from the University of Maine at Machias. While in college, he began working as a seasonal ranger at Sebago Lake State Park for the State Parks and Recreation Commission. After college and working at Sebago, Caverly continued his employment with the Department of Conservation with assignments as a manager of Aroostook State Park and Cobscook Bay State Park. He also served as a regional supervisor of the Allagash Region, which included the Allagash Wilderness Waterway and the Penobscot River Corridor. Caverly retired in 1999, moving to Millinocket. All told, he had a 32-year career in the Maine outdoors. Following retirement, Tim became director of Maine Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER). An Allagash Haunting, The Story of Emile Camille is part of an overall Allagash Alliance pilot project. The project is a two-step literacy proposal. The first stage of the pilot program has been to deliver a story about Maine’s Allagash River to eighth grade reading classes in

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

the towns of Millinocket, Medway, Sherman, Lubec, Madawaska, Bethel, and Whiting. Teachers are using the book and critiquing the classroom use of the story. An Allagash Haunting, The Story of Emile Camille is something of a total Millinocket collaboration. The illustrator is Franklin Manzo, Jr., who was born and raised in Millinocket. Manzo, like Caverly, is retired. Manzo retired after twenty-five years as a software engineer. He has since worked as the editor of a local newspaper. He is also a noted local photographer, and like Caverly is involved in the Millinocket school system. The next book in the Allagash Alliance project is Caverly’s Allagash Trails, Vol. I. He introduces the first tale in the book with the following story. “One night while my family was sitting on the shore of Churchill Lake watching moose, we heard a strange noise, and in a short time a baby Merganser swam by with a clam closed on its bill. The duck was trying to quack with its mouth shut, and the sound was not like anything we had heard before.” Out of this experience came the story of “Mervin the Merganser,” the first short story in Allagash Trails. The Allagash Alliance received a grant from

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New steel bridge in Island Falls.. Item #101065 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org the Stephen and Tabitha King Foundation. With the aid of the grant, middle school students will become familiar with not only narrative tales of the Allagash, but gain a sense of the unique flora and fauna that make the Allagash Wilderness Waterway one of Maine’s

greatest treasures. For more information about Caverly’s Allagash Tails collection, visit www.allagashtails.com.  Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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Discover Maine 12

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

The Patten House in Patten. Item #108978 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

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Patten Soldier Survived Ship’s Sinking Ira Gardner’s perilous tour of duty

by Ian MacKinnon

hroughout the spring and summer of 1861, Ira Gardner of Patten could not imagine the adventures awaiting him as he chafed at his parents’ refusal to let him enlist in the Army. Besides participating in battles fought from Louisiana to Virginia, he would almost “go down with the ship” somewhere on the Mississippi River and suffer a terrible wound during a battle in Virginia. Gardner’s military experience began close to home, “about 1858” when “we organized at Patten village an Independent Rifle Company,” he later wrote in his Recollections. Gardner joined the militia company, and by April 1861 “had been orderly sergeant for several months.” According to Gardner, Patten’s would-be soldiers drilled weekly and “studied infantry tactics considerably.” After Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter that month, President Abraham Lincoln asked the loyal states to send 75,000 men to defend the country. The patriotic Patten militiamen responded enthusiastically, but be-

cause Patten lay 100 miles north of Bangor and “at that time it took two days to reach us by letter, we found in a few days” that Lincoln’s quota “had been filled before we could reach the rendezvous at Bangor,” Gardner wrote. A similar call-up in July saw “a large part of our militia company” join the Army as Company B, 8th Maine Infantry Regiment,” a disappointed Gardner recalled. “Being an only son I was not allowed to go with them.” Then 18, Gardner evidently badgered his parents to let him enlist. They endured his incessant pleading until “my presence at home became ... so uncomfortable that ... they consented” in early December 1861, he noted. Gardner promptly departed Patten on December 4 “with about forty others from our section, with our old Captain, James B. Hill, in charge.” After reaching Augusta, the Patten men joined Company I, 14th Maine Infantry Regiment. They camped in tents “in an open space in front of the State House” and “kept a good

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fire all night to keep warm,” Gardner wrote. Now an orderly sergeant, he departed Augusta with Company I on February 1, 1862 — the Maine soldiers boarded the old sailing vessel North America at Boston three days later and sailed for the Gulf of Mexico. Gardner would experience a bad gale in the gulf, watch a comrade’s burial at sea, and witness the ship’s captain coolly lead a successful effort to extinguish an on-board fire ignited when a rough sea caused a hot cookstove to tip over and spill coals across the galley deck. Some time later, Gardner would earn an officer’s commission and would fight with the 14th Maine during the May 22-July 9, 1863 siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana. After Confederate troops surrendered, “an order came ... to detail three officers and six sergeants to proceed to Portland, Maine, after two hundred men which we very much needed to fill up the regiment which was greatly depleted on account of losses from casualties and sickness,” Gardner recalled.

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Discover Maine 14

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 13)

“I was fortunate enough to be one of the officers detailed,” he wrote. “I started from Port Hudson about the 20th of August, traveling by steamboat up the Mississippi River while in charge of the six sergeants.” The steamboat also carried the 177th New York Infantry Regiment, headed home to be demobilized. After docking at Memphis to take on supplies, the steamboat sailed after dark in hot, sultry weather. “Being very heated I was in my state-room with no clothing on except my shirt,” Gardner recalled. About 1 a.m., “I heard the whistle of a steamer coming down the river. As it was quite a common occurrence, I thought nothing of it for a few moments, when short, sharp whistles from both steamers indicated trouble. The steamboat headed downriver struck us about midway, near where my stateroom room was,” Gardner wrote. After the collision, which caused a bad rent in the other steamboat’s bow, Gardner hurriedly dressed as both captains nosed their steamboats into the Arkansas shore. Aboard Gardner’s vessel, women passengers “came into the cabin in their night clothes, badly frightened, and many of them were screaming,” he recalled.

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Fleeing his stateroom, Gardner “got as near the edge of the steamer as I could in the crowd and jumped on shore about the time she struck. The other steamboat suddenly commenced a long whistle which ... meant she was sinking.” His farm experience would pay dividends during the next few minutes. The sinking steamboat carried an Illinois infantry regiment and Army mules and wagons. The ship lay almost broadside to the shore — “the inside of the steamer lay on the bank,” Gardner wrote — so he “went up to the stern and found the lower deck covered with mules with their harnesses on.” Teamsters frantically cut the harnesses and pushed mules overboard. “Almost every one that they pushed off ... would flounder and sink,” Gardner recalled. The large harnesses left the girths hanging “six inches to a foot below their [mules’] bellies,” trapping the animals’ hind legs and leaving the mules unable to swim. “I called to the man in charge that when he cut the halters he should also cut the girth,” Gardner wrote. “He followed my advice and after that almost every mule that they pushed overboard came ashore all right.” Then the damaged steamer abruptly shifted — its outboard hull submerged beneath the

water — and “the whole lower deck-load of mules and army wagons slid to the lower side,” Gardner wrote, describing the disaster’s closing act. The cascading mules and wagons thundered against the steamboat’s stern — “the concussion sent the steamer out into deeper water where she immediately sank, leaving only the pilot-house above water,” he recalled. Many Illinois soldiers drowned — evidently few people aboard Gardner’s steamboat died. The ships had grounded along a Mississippi River shore patrolled by Confederate cavalry — they did not find the survivors before a Navy gunboat came along at daylight and rescued them. Gardner later reached Maine, dealt with a crowd of Copperhead thugs in Old Town, and spent brief hours with his fiancée, Helen Darling. They later married in Patten on March 4, 1864. After he rejoined the 14th Maine in September 1863, the regiment transferred to Virginia and, on September 19, 1864, fought in the Battle of Opequan Creek in the Shenandoah Valley. Now a captain, Gardner commanded the company stationed on the regiment’s right flank. He was standing shoulder to shoulder

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

with a Captain Thompson when an artillery shell struck and killed Thompson; minutes later, when “I had crossed the field ... and had gone perhaps fifty feet into the woods,” Gardner was standing about twenty feet in front of his advancing company when a bullet struck his right arm. A sergeant tied a handkerchief around the wound, and a pain-stricken Gardner hobbled rearward “with the bullets and shells flying around me.” He reached a field hospital and begged a surgeon not to amputate the mangled arm. “I think I shall have to in order to save your life,” the doctor replied before administering chloroform. When Gardner awoke and realized that his arm was gone, “I burst into tears.” Ira Gardner survived the amputation, a subsequent infection, and other adventures before returning to Maine to raise a family with Helen. Gardner played an active role in the Grand Army of the Republic and in local affairs. 

Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

Al’s Diner Home Cooked Food Since 1936

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StaIRS WELdIng R.L., InC. Roger Larson, Owner

Serving the woods industry with all types of logging trailers and Heavy duty cab Guards custom Metal Fabrication Hodgdon, Maine

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In early summer 1864, Belfast women made a flag bed quilt and shipped it to a Washington, D.C. military hospital. Written in ink on the quilt were the womens’ names and phrases and puns relating to the Civil War. The quilt vanished until turning up in a Montana closet earlier this year; the Belfast Historical Society received the quilt on March 11, 2011, almost 147 years after it left Belfast. Photo by John Butler, courtesy of Light in the Forest Photography.

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Discover Maine 16

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Danforth’s Garage, Danforth. Item #100470 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

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Jordan’s Mill, Macwahoc. Item #101302 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Discover Maine 18

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

The Magical World Of Elenore Plaisted Lincoln’s famous author/illustrator by Charles Francis

“Cinderella” by Elenore Plaisted

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he winters are pretty cold in Lincoln, Maine. Just ask anyone who lives there year-round. But are they anywhere near as cold as in the Black Hills of the Dakotas? Elenore Plaisted spent her early years in Lincoln. Then she and her family moved to the Dakota Territory. That was back in 1889 when Elenore was nine. Elenore Plaisted’s first Dakota winter was a winter like nothing she had ever experienced. There was more snow, and temperatures dipped 20 and even 30 degrees below the lows of northern Maine. The biggest difference was the wind, though. The winds came roaring across the prairies and down from the Arctic for weeks on end. Then came Spring. Spring in the Dakotas was young Elenore’s time of wonder and magic. It was the time when wildflowers bloomed everywhere, forming a waving carpet of color. It was the time when the winds of winter moderated to a prelude of the gentle breezes of summer. Elenore Plaisted married Yarnall Abbott in 1907. In 1911 the couple settled in Rose Valley, California. Except for short periods, Elenore Plaisted Abbott never ventured far from the salubrious southern California climate. Her experience in

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Discover Maine

the Dakota Territory probably had a good the influential Howard Pyle. In fact, Abbott deal to do with this. It may also explain why once said the only student work she was she painted her house Bermuda pink, a color glad to have done was under Pyle. This is even her diehard California neighbors high praise given that Abbott also studied at thought outré. the Academie des Beaux Arts in Paris. But A lot of school children know the story then Pyle is sometimes identified as the of Elenore and her experiences in the founding father of the Brandywine School. Dakota Territory. This isn’t because Elenore Today we associate the Brandywine School kept a diary of what happened to her back with the likes of Andrew and Jamie Wyeth. then — which she did do — but because her Pyle himself is famous for his illustrations grandson wrote a popular children’s book of The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood and based on Elenore’s experiences and her King Arthur. diary. There are lesson plans for teachers to The above examples should give one a use with the book. One exercise calls for a sense of the nature of the magical world of map of the United States. Students are to Elenore Plaisted Abbott. They serve as an begin this exercise by placing a star on the introduction to the work and influence of location of Lincoln, Maine. Then they are one of the most productive illustrators of to mark off the rest of Elenore’s journey to young people’s classics of the early twentithe Dakotas. eth century. Brett Harvey wrote the book about young Elenore Plaisted Abbott’s work is an exElenore. Its title is My Prairie Year, Based on the ample of how the hard life of the north Diary of Elenore Plaisted. Harvey’s grandwoods of Maine and the even harder life of mother’s diary passed down to him by way the Midwest farmer can nurture the imagiof his mother, Marjorie Abbott Harvey. nation and sensitivity of a young girl. Ab“Soaring Lark” by Elenore Plaisted My Prairie Year is intended for readers in bott’s illustrations, combined with My the nine- to twelve-year-old range. ElePrairie Year, give a picture of a winterThere is a good reason why Elenore bound young girl whiling away the cold days mentary school teachers are advised that the book is a good way to introduce the life of the Plaisted Abbott’s work is often compared with of the season with Robert Lewis Stevenson pioneer of the late 1800s to youngsters. It is the legendary N. C. Wyeth. Both studied under (Continued on page 20) viewed as an introduction and companion piece to the Little House books of Laura Ingalls Wilder, though the latter are directed at an older age group. My Prairie Year, though a fascinating children’s work, is not where Elenore Plaisted Abbott’s real claim to fame as an influence in the lives of young people rests. That fame is found in her work as an illustrator. Elenore Plaisted Abbott’s name is associated with such classics of young people’s litLee, Maine 04455 erature as Swiss Family Robinson and Little Women. She is often compared with N. C. Wyeth. In fact, she illustrated some of the careridgeestates@gmail.com same books Wyeth did, like Treasure Island.

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Discover Maine 20

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 19)

and Louisa May Alcott. It is a sentimental and nostalgic image, an image of simpler times, of times when books rather than television and computer games led to worlds of magic and adventure. This is not to suggest that Elenore Abbott’s accomplishments were the result of mere childhood fantasy and escapism. Elenore Plaisted Abbott was a highly trained and skilled artist. Besides the Academie des Beaux Arts, she studied at the Philadelphia School of Design for Women and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Following her sojourn in Paris she enrolled at Drexel Institute. That was where she encountered the artist and teacher who was the greatest influence in her life, Howard Pyle. Elenore Abbott’s most provocative work is usually identified as her illustrations of Grimm’s Fairy Tales. Of them it has been said “...no child who receives such a book will be disappointed.” The implication here is that Abbott understood the imaginative world of children. It was the world of Hansel and Gretel, of Briar Rose and Rapunzel, of dwarfs and witches and rapacious stepmothers. It was the world children once knew as well as their own back yards. Elenore Abbott must have had her own daughter and only child, Marjorie, in mind when she worked on her illustrations. If she didn’t, then she probably had her grandchildren as inspiration. She raised them after Marjorie died, and often used them as models for her creations. Elenore Plaisted Abbott died in 1935. Though the books she once helped make popular are no longer staples of the imaginative world of children, her work is enjoying renewed interest. There is a thriving business being done in Abbott prints. They are sold in galleries and book stores across the country. Perhaps the prints will lead to a renewed

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School building, Howland. Item #107002 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org interest in the works Elenore created after spending long winter hours reading in Lincoln and in the Dakota Territory as a child.  Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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Store in Seboeis. Item #102284 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Discover Maine 22

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

The Hotel Milford in Milford. Item #101493 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Discover Maine

Edward Hatch’s Buffalo Soldiers Bangor man commanded famous cavalry regiment by Charles Francis

Their slogan was “We Can, We Will.” They pacified the Chiricahua Apache as much as they would ever be pacified. They were a western legend. Their first commander was Bangor-born Colonel Edward Hatch. They were

the 9th Cavalry Regiment. They were Buffalo Soldiers. The Buffalo Soldiers were established by act of Congress as the first all-black regiments of the regular United States Army. The 10th Cav-

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alry was organized first, then came the 9th. The 9th fell under the overall command of General Philip Sheridan, commander of the Military Division of the Gulf. It was stationed (Continued on page 24)

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 23)

in Texas, primarily San Antonio and Brownsville. Its assignment was to keep the peace between the Rio Grande and Concho rivers from Fort Clark to El Paso. During the period Edward Hatch commanded the 9th, the regiment successfully defended Fort Tularosa against Victorio in what was one of the most mismatched battles of the Old West, the Battle of Tularosa. How does a Bangor, Maine man come to command one of the famous regiments of Buffalo soldiers? That in itself is a fascinating story. The story of Edward Hatch’s entire life is almost as fascinating. It begins — of course — in Bangor, and has roots with the capture of a British naval officer during the Revolution, extends on to Norwich Military Academy in Vermont. It continues on to Iowa and is highlighted by one of the fastest rises through the ranks of any Civil War veteran. It includes the immigration of an entire Maine family to the West. It concludes with Edward Hatch a general of the regular Army and commander of the Department of Arizona. Edward Hatch was one of four children of Nathaniel and Mary Elizabeth (Scott) Hatch. Nathaniel Hatch was a scion of an old Maine family and a Bangor attorney, at least until he Bruce is now back on the premises daily!

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decided to head west. Mary Elizabeth Scott was the daughter of Andrew Scott, a British naval officer who was captured during the Revolution. After Scott’s vessel was taken he was held in Newburyport, Massachusetts. There he decided he liked the country of his

captivity so much that he would become a citizen. Scott then settled in Portland where he engaged in the East Indies trade. Edward Hatch was the oldest of the children of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Hatch. All the Hatch children were born in Bangor. Of the four, Edward was the only one to attend college. Edward Hatch’s choice of college was a fortuitous one. He attended the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy — later Norwich University — in Vermont. The American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy was founded by Alden Partridge, a former West Point superintendent

who believed the country needed a trained cadre of military officers. Partridge’s program of instruction was unique in that it included liberal academics along with civil engineering and military studies. The program would later serve as a model for the founding of schools like The Citadel and Virginia Military Institute. Because of his unique college training, Edward Hatch would go on to a career as a regular Army officer once the War Between the States concluded. Following his stint under the tutelage of Alden Partridge, Hatch moved to Iowa. When the Civil War broke out Hatch enlisted in the volunteer Army as a private. He then organized the 2nd Iowa Cavalry. From private he jumped to lieutenant colonel and then to regimental colonel. Hatch served under Ulysses S. Grant in the South before Lincoln made Grant overall commander-in-chief. In the southern theater Hatch’s rise was almost phenomenal. In less than a year he was made a brigade commander. Then he was placed in command of the entire cavalry of the Army of Tennessee. In 1864 he was promoted to brigadier general and then made a divisional major general. This, then, was the man General Phil Sheridan chose to command the 9th Cavalry.

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

There are several opinions as to how the Buffalo Soldiers came by their name. One has it that the name came from a Cheyenne term for “Wild Buffalo.” Another has it that it comes from a similar Comanche term. Still yet another has it that the Indians likened the soldier’s hair to a buffalo’s coat. Regardless of the origin of the name Buffalo Soldier, the name points to the respect Native Americans had for those who bore it as fighters. Elements of the 9th took part in the Battle of Beecher Island in 1868. There a combined force of Cheyenne, Arapaho and Sioux were defeated, primarily by a hodgepodge of recruits trained by members of the 9th. The encounter served as a wakeup call to the fact that there were new enforcers of the peace on the frontier. The rest of the Hatch family did not leave Bangor until 1874. That year Nathaniel and Mary, the two younger sons, Robert and Frank, and daughter Mary moved to Fort Madison, Iowa. The move had come because Edward sent glowing reports of the area back east. By the time the family made the move, however, Edward was fighting Apaches further west and serving as departmental commander. The 9th was stationed in Texas from 1867

to 1875. Almost half of this time the regiment was in the field, patrolling and maintaining the peace. It was arduous, wearing duty. 1875 to 1881 were the years of the Apache wars. For the 9th, this meant Victorio. The Battle of Tularosa took place in May of 1880. On May 13 a contingent of twentyfive of the 9th under the command of Sergeant George Jordan were sent to Fort Tularosa to protect the neighboring community from the depredations of Victorio. Victorio attacked the fort with 100 warriors on May 14. Fortunately, there was just enough warning so that townspeople were able to take refuge within the fort before there was any loss of life. Victorio has gone down in the history of western warfare as one of the most canny of Indian strategists. He chose to attack using small, repeated waves. The volley of gunshots and arrows was almost continuous. Sergeant Jordan and his men held off the attack, however. In the end no Buffalo soldiers died and Victorio lost an indeterminate number of warriors. Shortly after, Victorio and his force withdrew, and Edward Hatch and a large force of the 9th arrived on the scene. Hatch chased Victorio as far as the border with Mexico. In 1890 George Jordan was awarded the Con-

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gressional Medal of Honor. Edward Hatch was more than a military man. He was also a diplomat. In 1880 Hatch negotiated one of the more unique treaties in the history of negotiations between Native Americans and Washington. The treaty established two separate reserves for the Ute, one at the mouth of the Gunnison River and one on the La Plata. When the reserve at the mouth of the Gunnison proved poor agricultural land, Hatch petitioned Washington for a replacement settlement. It was found in Utah. Edward Hatch died while still in service to his country, in 1889, at Fort Robinson, Nebraska. He is interred at Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery. The first notation on his stone under his name reads “Colonel 9th Cavalry.” Under that it reads “Brevet Major General, USA.” Under that, “Born In Bangor, ME.” This single memorial is hardly enough. Perhaps it is now time for Edward Hatch to be remembered in other ways — perhaps at the school he attended or in his home town.

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Discover Maine 26

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Rooftop view of Exchange Street in Bangor, 1899. Item #LB2008.26.7 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

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A River Bank’s History Lesson

n 1770 John Brewer — he is usually cited as Colonel Brewer, a militia rank — made the first settlement at what would be known for a long time as Brewer Village. The settlement was at the mouth of Segeunkedunk Stream. Because by Charles Francis Colonel Brewer came from Worcester, Massachusetts, the community was first known as The Plantation of New Worcester. (The name Brewer was adopted to honor Colonel Brewer at the time of the town’s incorporation in 1812.) The Plantation of New Worcester grew rapidly. By 1776 it had a population of 160. In 1780 Brewer Village got its first post office. This was twenty years before Bangor got one. Colonel Brewer was postmaster. He held the position for thirty years.

remains of an old tidal dam and gate at the mouth of Segeunkedunk Stream. Cianbro’s identification of the old timbers was done in accordance with Maine law, which requires that survey work to determine the existence and extent of historic artifacts be done before the commencement of any deep water dredging project. It has been determined that the timbers noted in the Cianbro survey were constructed by John Brewer and his brother Josiah. The timbers were part of a mill dam. The Cianbro survey also noted the timbers of an old vessel that were visible at low tide in Segeunkedunk Stream. Associated with the

Brewer home to sunken vessels from the Penobscot Expedition of 1779

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John Brewer was most definitely an important figure in the early history of Brewer. That is apparent from the few facts stated about him above. If you want to know more about the founder of the City of Brewer you need but do a bit of research in the library. The book Brewer, Orrington, Holden, Eddington: History and Families is a good place to start. And there are any number of other local histories that have information on Colonel Brewer. But, you might ask, “Is there any solid concrete evidence that Colonel John Brewer once lived in the city that bears his name?” The answer to the above question is yes. That evidence can be found on the muddy banks of the Penobscot River at the mouth of Segeunkedunk Stream. In the summer of 2007 the Cianbro Corporation, in the preliminary stages of dredging for a suitable anchorage for barges and the like associated with one of its projects, noted the

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(Continued on page 28)

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Discover Maine 28

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 27)

timbers are readily visible hand-forged iron nails. It is believed the vessel is one of the sunken transports of the doomed Penobscot Expedition of 1779. The Cianbro Corporation was acting the part of a good citizen in its preliminary survey. From the standpoint of local history teachers, the find is important because it provides them with an excellent teaching tool in the form of real evidence of historical significance on the banks of the Penobscot in Brewer. Now Brewer school system teachers can point and say “There is something the founder of our city actually laid his hands to.” More than that, however, they now have a teaching tool that links Maine and Brewer to national history. And the memoirs of Colonel John Brewer play a part in that linkage. American historians identify the loss of the Penobscot Expedition vessels as the secondgreatest naval disaster in American history. It is surpassed only by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Ten and possibly more vessels from the Penobscot Expedition were scuttled within plain sight of the banks of the Penobscot below what is now the Bangor Dam. John Brewer was at his home the day the doomed

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American vessels were chased upriver by British commander Sir George Collier. Brewer took part in the salvaging of armaments from

American historians identify the loss of the Penobscot Expedition vessels as the second-greatest naval disaster in American history. It is surpassed only by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. the sunken vessels. Moreover, Colonel Brewer had personal encounters with several of the principal British figures involved in the demise of the Expedition. He wrote of all these experiences. That memoir can be found in the History of Castine, Penobscot and Brooksville, Maine. One of the most notorious figures in Maine history is the British Captain Mowatt. Mowatt burned Portland — or as it was then known — Falmouth. After the final scuttling of the last Penobscot Expedition vessels, Captain Mowatt anchored off John Brewer’s home. Brewer visited the craft and actually shared a glass of wine with Mowatt on more than one instance. The visits were occasioned by Colonel Brewer acting on behalf of area resi-

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dents and sick or wounded American soliders and sailors. In the same capacity Colonel Brewer also met with General Francis McLean. McLean was the British commander at Castine. The Penobscot Expedition was supposed to oust the British forces occupying the town. From John Brewer’s memoir we learn that the American forces could easily have overrun the British had they chosen to do so, and had they acted before Sir George Collier arrived with his relief fleet from Halifax. According to Brewer, McLean said “I believe the [American] commanders were a pack of cowards or they would have taken me. I was in no situation to defend myself, and would have struck my colors, as I did not wish to throw away the lives of my men for nothing.” The banks of the Penobscot in Brewer provide a fascinating window into that city’s past. Colonel John Brewer’s memoir provides an equally fascinating look at history. The two cannot be separated. Both are forever linked in the story of Brewer, the state of Maine and the country.  Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

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oak Hill Poultry Co., Winterport. Item #102977 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Discover Maine 30

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

nancy Gross Montville’s battlefield nurse by Charles Francis

ancy Atwood-Gross was a battlefield nurse during the Civil War. She saw all the bloodshed, maiming and death that accompanied that most horrible of American conflicts, and then some. Nancy Atwood-Gross’s story is both brave and sad. When she volunteered as a Union Army nurse as Nancy Atwood, she was a widow with a child. For her, Army service was a better way of providing for that child than working as a seamstress. She also saw service as a nurse as a means of serving her country in its time of need. As the testimony of those she nursed bears out, she fulfilled her duties more than admirably. Following the war Atwood returned to Maine and married a second time, to Stuver Gross. For a time the couple lived in Boston where Gross worked as a paperhanger. Then Nancy was again widowed. She returned to Maine, eventually settling in Bucksport. In 1890 when Nancy was 58, she applied for an Army pension. That story is one of an out-

pouring of support from soldiers she nursed. One of the letters written in remembrance of Atwood-Gross’s career as an Army nurse is dated November of 1895. It was written by Louis Abbott. At the time the letter was written, Abbott was District Chief Engineer of the Boston Fire Department. Abbott served with the 6th Maine. The 6th Maine is the famous Bangor Regiment. Abbott’s letter on behalf of Gross includes the following brief description of her accomplishments and trials: Mrs. Nancy M. Atwood-Gross went out with the Sixth Maine Regiment Volunteers as a nurse, and served in that capacity in the field and hospital, caring for our sick and wounded with untiring zeal, and participating in our long and weary marches by day and night, through the dark days of the Rebellion, often standing by the side of some dying comrade who gave his life for the country. . . From the above we get a sense of just how difficult it could be for the women who served as regimental nurses. They went through the

exact same trials and tribulations as the men during marches. Then, when the marching was over, they took up their nursing duties. It was debilitating and draining, the sort of experience that takes a life-long toll on even the strongest of constitutions. Nancy Atwood-Gross included a personal statement along with her application for a pension. In it she describes being in “close proximity” to rebel lines. One such instance occurred following the first Battle of Bull Run. Gross comments that “times without number the camp was thrown into confusion by skirmishers.” Often she fled to a nearby swamp to escape the danger of being shot. She describes her tent flooded, and on occasion blown away. Besides dealing with the wounded there was rampant sickness. There was chronic diarrhea, the constant threat of cholera and — not surprisingly, given the average age of the men — measles. AtwoodGross worked constantly, both day and night. Nancy Atwood-Gross was not a well

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

woman when she applied for her Army pension. Widowed for a second time and unable to work, she needed the stipend to support herself. This is borne out by another statement from Louis Abbot. It reads in part: Believing that this good woman’s health was impaired by this arduous duty, and untiring energy and zeal to render assistance to her country in the days of bloodshed and hardship, we ask that the Government, now in the zenith of its prosperity, render her a compensation for her services from 1861 to 1863... Nancy Atwood-Gross had help in securing her Army pension, help besides that of veterans like Louis Abbott. It happens that Nancy grew up with a future Congressman as a near neighbor. That Congressman was Seth Milliken. Nancy Atwood-Gross was born Nancy Verplast in Montville in 1834. Montville was also the hometown of Seth Milliken. Milliken was just three years older than Nancy. The two were brought up on nearby farms. Nancy’s father John Verplast was a farmer. Seth Milliken was the Congressman who sponsored Nancy’s pension request. Nevertheless, it took way too long for the government to act on the petition. Nancy’s first husband was Horace Atwood. They married in 1856, making their home in Bangor. Nancy, like any well-brought up, self-

reliant Maine farm girl, was a competent seamstress. That was how she chose to support herself when Horace died. A seamstress never made much though, no matter how dextrous. Yet, it was preferable to going on the dole or worse, ending in the poorhouse. Then the war came. Nancy saw it as offering, an opportunity of sorts. She had other skills besides those with needle and thread. Nancy’s exact words are “I had had considerable experience in nursing, and, with good health and strength, I felt it my duty to do what I could to help the Union cause by ministering to the sick and wounded.” Nancy enlisted as a field nurse in the 6th Maine. The 6th Maine was the “Lumberjack Regiment.” Its commander at the time of Nancy’s enlistment was Colonel Abner Knowles. It was a “temperance regiment.” Colonel Knowles declared it such before it reached the field. One story has it that as the 6th passed through Philadelphia, a halt was made near some liquor shops. The proprietors were requested by Colonel Knowles not to sell liquor to the men, but the sellers ignored the request. Colonel Knowles then sent a squad of soldiers to shut up the shops, and placed a guard over the persistent rum-sellers. He was then visited by representatives of Quaker City

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fathers. “Friend Knowles,” they said, “thy conduct meets our approval. We will back thee up if necessary.” Atwood-Gross was with the 6th Maine for some eight to ten months. Then she was transferred to the 2nd Maine. The 2nd was the Bangor Regiment because it was a downeast regiment. It had a “Tiger Company,” named for the Bangor Tigers of log-driving renown, as well the Ellsworth Zouaves. The circumstances for Nancy’s transfer are not clear. However, Nancy’s brother Nicholas was with the 2nd Maine. At the time of the transfer Nicholas was recovering from wounds. In passing, Nancy mentions the transfer took her to the farm belonging to Robert E. Lee. She stayed there for five months. Nancy’s last duty post was at Seminary Hospital in Georgetown. She was there from March of 1862 to March of 1863, at which time she was discharged for health reasons. She describes her condition as deteriorating. The fact that Nancy Atwood-Gross actually served in the line of fire is not all that common. The majority of nurses were in field hospitals behind the lines and facilities like that of Seminary Hospital in Georgetown. Female (Continued on page 32)

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(Continued from page 31)

nurses had three distinct purposes. First, they regulated, prepared and served patients their meals during their hospital stays. Surgeons would prescribe each patient either a “full,” “half,” or “low diet” depending on his status. The nurses’ duty was to assure that all patients were fed the correct diet. Second, they also managed the physical needs of patients, including the distribution of linens and clothing or supplies received from the U.S. Sanitary Commission or other aid societies. Finally, and probably most importantly, female nurses cared for the emotional and spiritual needs of the patients. This included a whole range of activities, from daily conversation with patients to writing letters for them or reading to them. Though there are cases of women serving close to the front ranks and in very real danger during the War Between the States, Nancy Atwood-Gross’s accomplishments, especially those with the 6th Maine, would seem above and beyond the call of duty for a female nurse. Sadly, however, few know her name today. Perhaps it is time now to change that. 

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Discover Maine

The Lamoine naval Coaling Station Marlboro Beach once served as a vital asset for the Navy

by Charles Francis

n August of 1905 the Atlantic Fleet paid a visit to Frenchman’s Bay. The vessels stayed in the area for almost a week, from August 4 to August 10. The length of the stay allowed sailors shore leave to visit Bar Harbor and the adjacent area. Allowing sailors shore leave wasn’t the reason for the Atlantic Fleet’s visit, however. Back in the first decades of the twentieth century the Navy maintained a coaling facility at Lamoine. Today the Lamoine Naval Coaling Station is but a footnote of history. Where once men in Navy uniforms from vessels like the battleships Massachusetts and Constitution walked, one finds sunbathers, picnickers and campers at Lamoine State Park. Once, however, Lamoine Naval Coaling Station was an important component of a plan to make the United States Navy an instrument in furthering American political ambition. In more than one respect the Lamoine Naval Coaling Station was as much an outcome of the country’s Manifest Destiny as the acquiring of the Pacific stepping stones to the Far East. All came into existence to fill the gluttonous maws of coal-fueled battleships, cruisers, destroyers and the like. The U.S. Navy took ownership of the land for the Lamoine Coaling Station in 1900. As far as the Navy was concerned, the site acquired for the station was top notch. There was plenty of deep water, a solid bottom to hold anchors, a good location for extending a pier into the bay, and the price of the land was a lot less than the asking price of comparable property on Mt. Desert Island. Even given these facts we have to look to a slightly earlier time period, and in particular, two giants of American history to understand why a small downeast community came to have an important military installation. James G. Blaine, Maine’s “Plumed Knight,” had something to do with Lamoine getting the Naval coaling station. This is so even though Blaine died in 1893. Theodore Roosevelt had something to do with the establishment of the coaling station, too. Roosevelt’s interest dates back to the time of the Spanish-American War, when he was Assistant Secretary of the Navy. It also extends to his Presidency and his policies that resulted in the Great White Fleet making its world tour. To understand this we must consider the importance of coal to naval vessels.

Today, if we think of what powers big ships — especially big navy ships — we think of petroleum products like diesel fuel and we think of nuclear reactors. It wasn’t until the era of the Great War that the American Navy began a serious program to have its vessels powered by oil products, though. Before that, coal was the main fuel source. U.S. Naval vessels of the period between the Civil War and the Great War have been described as floating coal mines. In 1900 the Navy required one coal carrier or collier for every four fighting ships. The heating surface for the boilers on the cruiser Minneapolis covered approximately one and one-eighth acres. The boilers of the Minneapolis took a lot of coal. The U.S.S. Alabaman’s capacity was 1200 tons ordinarily, and 1500 tons at a pinch. She would usually take on 600 tons, keeping 400 in the bunkers as a reserve. The U.S. Navy of the late nineteenth century relied on coal piles at its bases to keep its ships going. Deployed units, like Dewey’s Asi-

atic Squadron, got their coal from local vendors. With the coming of the Spanish-American War in 1898, these fuel sources would either be too far from likely areas of operations or denied to combatant forces by neutrality laws. Assistant Navy Secretary Roosevelt telegraphed Commodore George Dewey on February 25, 1898: “Order the squadron... to Hongkong. Keep full of coal.” The next day Navy Secretary John D. Long telegraphed Commodore Dewey: “Keep full of coal — the best that can be had.” An aggressive commander, Dewey ignored China’s neutrality and took on coal for his fleet at Mirs Bay. When James G. Blaine served in the U.S. Senate he pressured the Navy to establish a coaling station in Maine. A Maine station would mean three in New England. Portsmouth had one, as did the Charlestown Naval Base in Massachusetts. The SpanishAmerican War pointed out the importance of (Continued on page 34)

Discover Maine 34

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

The main docks and coaling facilities at the Lamoine Coaling Station on Frenchman Bay, built to supply coal to the u.S. Atlantic Fleet. When diesel replaced coal as the fuel for naval vessels, the site was turned over to the State of Maine and is now Lamoine State Park. Detail of item #25690 - Lamoine Coaling Station, ca. 1910, from the collections of the Maine Bureau of Parks and Land. Courtesy of Maine Memory Network. (Continued from page 33)

the U.S. having its own coaling stations, especially one as close as possible to Europe. What happened was the Navy dug out old surveys done at the instigation of Blaine. The surveys identified Frenchman’s Bay as a good location for a coaling station in the downeast region. Lamoine was announced as the site for a Navy coaling station in August of 1900. The

announcement was made by a Rear Admiral. The Admiral spoke to the building of a rifle range, athletic field, and a variety of buildings. He spoke of the eventuality of war and of coal being brought in on the Maine Central Railroad to Mt. Desert Ferry. From there it could be barged to the station. There was also the possibility of an electric railroad being built as a connector between the station and

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Mt. Desert Ferry. It must be noted that from the onset the Lamoine Naval Coaling Station was controversial. Completed and in operation in 1902, it was one of the very few not in close proximity to a Naval base. The greatest period of coaling station activity was during the Great War. Following World War I the station declined in importance, with the officer in charge being detailed on an on-again off-again basis from the Hingham Naval Ammunition Depot in Hingham, Massachusetts. There were periods following the war when the only detail there was a maintenance crew. In 1920 a late August storm blew down one of the coaling station’s big towers, shutting down the power plant. The station was primarily used at this time for occasional seasonal maneuvers by the Navy. The 1920s saw more visitors in bathing costumes than in uniform. What brought the end to the Lamoine Naval Coaling Station was the conversion of warships to oil fuel. In the 1930s the University of Maine acquired some of the buildings of the former Navy coaling station for a biological laboratory. The bill to make the coaling station a state park was introduced by Senator Noyes of Hancock County in 1949. Today Marlboro Beach at Lamoine State Park is viewed as one of the state’s most beautiful, secret beaches. At least that is how it was recently described by a local newspaper feature writer. The same writer described the Lamoine Naval Coaling Station as being “foisted” on the Navy by James G. Blaine. Whether the latter statement bears a bit of truth is a matter of conjecture at this late juncture. The former is certainly true. 

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Discover Maine

When Buick Was The Choice Of Northern Maine Farmers Luxurious and tough — just right for “The County” by Charles Francis

magine a trip to your local feed and grain store not to purchase hay for you horses and cows or fertilizer for your fields, but to buy the family car. Some 100 or so years ago that is exactly what farmers of southern Aroostook County and northern Penobscot County did when they went to the Fred E. Hall Company of Houlton. The Fred E. Hall Company was one of the biggest feed and grain outlets in northern Maine. It was also one of northern Maine’s first Buick dealers. Of course, residents of northern Maine besides farmers bought Buicks from Fred Hall, but Hall was first known as a provider of agricultural products. Fred Hall began selling Buicks in 1910. This was barely two years after Buick began being marketed in the United States. The very first Buicks were sold in Canada, where they were developed. Fred Hall wasn’t quite the first Buick dealer in Aroostook County, or in Maine. That honor belongs to Lewis Bean. Bean began selling

Buicks a year before Fred Hall. Bean’s outlets were in Presque Isle and Caribou. Fred Hall was one of the more successful of Houlton’s businessmen/farmers. Not only did Hall own and operate his feed and grain business and his Buick agency, he also owned and operated three farms. Hall’s showplace farm was on the State Road outside of Houlton. Then he had another farm in Littleton, and yet another in North Limerick. Fred Hall was a very busy and successful man. And, he got around to oversee his various enterprises driving a variety of the Buicks he sold. These included the Model D, the Model 10 Tourer and the Speedster. The Buick Model D was the choice of the upscale family. A bit on the sedate side, it was the type of vehicle one drove to church. The Model 10 Tourer was a tough, go-anywhere kind of vehicle. Noted for its powerful — for the times — engine and sturdy chassis, some were even converted to fire engines. A Tourer was the first car to climb Pike’s Peak. The

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Speedster was just that — an off-the-showroom floor, two-seater hot rod. “Speed demons” of the day removed as many of the accessories as possible to get that extra mile from it. When Fred Hall and Lewis Bean became dealers for Buick back in 1910 and 1909 respectively, it was considered a major coup. General Motors had been marketing Buicks for barely a year and already the car was a best seller. (There was one year when Buick (Continued on page 36)

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(Continued from page 35)

outsold its two closest rivals, Ford and Cadillac, combined.) The success of Buick was why General Motors decided to go nationwide in 1909. On the surface Fred Hall would seem to have been a surprising choice as a car dealer. He was firstly a potato farmer and secondly a feed and grain distributor. Lewis Bean, on the other hand, owned two auto repair shops and service stations. These auto service centers became his Presque Isle and Caribou Buick outlets. Fred Hall, however, had more to recommend him to General Motors management than a reputation as a successful farmer and feed store owner. Fred Hall was a selfmade man who put himself through college. Fred Hall came to Houlton via Chester, where he was born, and Portland, where he acquired first-hand, valuable business management skills. Fred Hall was still a relatively young man when he became a Buick dealer. He was born in 1874 in Chester, where his parents operated a farm. Hall was a bit more than a farm boy, however. He did exceptionally well in local Chester schools — so well that he continued his education at Maine Central Institute in Pittsfield in order to prepare for the University

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of Maine. At the University of Maine, where he graduated in 1898, Hall studied both agriculture and business. After graduating college, Hall secured a position with the Schottleback & Foss Company, a Portland drug concern. After some three years with Schottleback & Foss, Hall moved to Houlton. He had saved Fred Hall was one of those residents of “The County,” with ties to every level of society. He was a Mason and a member of the Shrine. He was a member of the Meduxnekeag Club and the Rotary. In short, Hall mixed socially with any number of potential Buick customers. enough money to buy his farm on the State Road. In 1907 he established the Fred E. Hall Company. For the first years of the existence of the Fred E. Hall Company, the company only handled baled hay and fertilizer. Then it expanded in a big way. The expansion culminated with the addition of the Buick agency in 1910. Fred Hall was one of those residents of “The County,” with ties to every level of society. He was a Mason and a member of the Shrine. He was a member of the

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Meduxnekeag Club and the Rotary. In short, Hall mixed socially with any number of potential Buick customers. The cars that Fred Hall and Lewis Bean sold were appropriate to Aroostook County of the early decades of the twentieth century. They were luxury cars, though not quite as luxurious as Cadillacs. They were tough. This was a combination that appealed to the prosperous northern Maine farmer of the Roaring ‘20s. Though not many Aroostook farmers would have been concerned with speed, Buick had the deserved reputation as the fastest cars on the road. They also had a reputation for innovative styling. Buicks were among the first mass-produced automobiles that deserved to be called streamlined. The Depression brought an end to the demand for Buicks in northern Maine. Although Fred Hall and Lewis Bean are listed as Buick dealers throughout the 1930s, it is doubtful that they sold many. Once, however, there was a time when Buick was the car of choice for northern Maine. 

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Post office, orient. Item #108928 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Electrotherapy Cure-alls Old Town firm employed up to 60 by Charles Francis

onorrhoea is a serious infection. It is a sexually transmitted disease. Most of us learn about gonorrhoea and related diseases in well-remembered sex education classes in secondary school. Well, back around 1917 Ralph Chapman of Old Town came up with a way to treat gonorrhoea using electricity. Chapman’s treatment for gonorrhoea involved applying electricity to the afflicted area — the closer to the area, the better. What Ralph Chapman did was to invent something called the G-X-Galvanic-Faradic Plate. It was manufactured by T. M. Chapman and Sons Company of Old Town. Ralph Chapman was one of the sons of the company name. The G-X-Galvanic-Faradic Plate had variations and competitors. Some designs were specifically for women and some for men. Some flat-plate models were for women only. Some designed for men had a clamp. There were electrodes to either side of the clamp. The theory behind Ralph Chapman’s in-

vention and those of his competitors involved heat. The theory involved the belief that gonococcus bacteria has a low resistance to heat, that it sometimes disappears when fever has raised bodily temperature to 102 or 103 degrees. One advertisement for a G-X stated that gonococcus will be destroyed in eight hours at a temperature of 104 degrees. If the temperature was raised to 108 it would only take thirty to forty minutes before it disappeared. The temperature was induced by the G-X electrodes. The ad finished up with the impressive claim that a temperature of 113 would instantly destroy gonococcus. Of course no mention was made as to what a jolt of electricity delivered to the genital area by a G-X felt like. Ralph Chapman was the youngest of the sons involved in T. M. Chapman and Sons Company. He was company secretary and later treasurer. He was the company’s shining star around 1920. He invented many of the machines the company manufactured for use in

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the almost all-encompassing medical field of electrotherapy. Back at the turn of the twentieth century electricity was viewed as a cornucopia of wonders. Anything, it was thought, could come from it. And that was the way it seemed. There was the telegraph, the telephone, electric lights and phonograph. Inventions in communications like these led others of an inventive bent to look to the field of medicine. Many of these innovators had little if any medical background. Ralph Chapman was just one of the latter. Ralph Chapman’s highest level of education was acquired at Old Town High School. Other than that, he learned the skills of a machinist and draftsman at the family company. Yet he designed a number of devices with specific medical applications, including the Auditor, which was used by the deaf. The Chapman Company ventured into the field of manufacturing electrotherapy equipment relatively late. The company had been founded by Thomas Chapman, a machinist. Thomas Chapman’s specialty was saw-filing equipment. When sons Fred and Harry joined the company it expanded to manufacturing paper plates. The firm was highly successful at this as well as foundry work and machine repair. Then came the company’s big coup. The Chapmans secured the contract to manufacture the Morse Wave Generator. This meant employing as many as 60 men at times. The Morse Wave Generator was designed by Frederich H. Morse. Morse was a specialist in diathermy as applied to “genito-urinary pathologies.” Loosely put, diathermy is

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physical therapy accomplished by generating heat in specific tissues through the use of high frequency electromagnetic currents. What made the Morse Wave Generator contract such a coup for the Chapmans was that Frederick Morse had certifiable medical credentials. He was an M.D. Moreover, he wrote a rather lengthy work on the use of his machine and electrotherapy in general. The work was Electro-therapuetics by the Morse Wave Generator. It was published by the University of the City of New York. Dr. Frederick Morse was the giant of his day in the field of electrotherapy. He lectured on electro-therapeutics at Tufts University Medical School. He was past president of the American Electro-Therapeutic Association and past president of the New England Electro-Therapeutic Association. And Morse twice served as U. S. Delegate to the International Congress of Physio-Therapy. The congresses were held in Rome in 1907 and in Paris in 1910. The key to understanding the Morse Wave Generator involves an understanding of the promises made for diathermy. What diathermy did was to raise the temperature of internal human tissue. One method of doing this was by insertion. Localized heat was said to raise the temperature of circulating blood so as to absorb the products of inflammation, promote tissue oxidation and relieve congestion by increasing tissue drainage. In Electro-therapeutics by the Morse Wave Generator, Dr. Morse described a treatment for hemorrhoids. It involved inserting a “Copper Electrode” into the rectum. At the same time an abdominal electrode “of the largest size” was also employed. Current was to be “turned on and off slowly, and the electrode removed with care....” Other Morse treatments included electro-therapeutics for gynaecological problems such as irregular menstruation and uterine or ovarian misplacement. There were

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u.S. Mail wagon and driver at temporary Post office on Central Street in Bangor, April 1910. Item #LB2008268 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org in fact a long list of electro-therapeutic treatments, a list so long as to be mind-boggling. Around 1921 the Chapman company began producing the Morse Moist Surface Electrode. It was described as the latest advance in conductivity and as extremely safe. There was no chance of an inadvertent burn to exposed skin. Superior conduction was achieved through the use of an asbestos compound. The electrode came with a locking device so

there was no chance of detachment. It had a pure rubber back to protect the person applying or administering it. Today the electrotherapy devices manufactured by T. M. Chapman and Sons Company are museum piece oddities. They speak to an era when electricity was thought to hold untold promises, promises now viewed as mere wishful thinking. 

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People watching old Town’s covered bridge, waiting for it to go out with ice. Item #LB2008.26 27 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Jack McAuliffe

Haymarket Square’s Irish boxer was “quick as greased lightning” by Charles Francis

Discover Maine

ack McAuliffe was working in John L. Sullivan’s corner when he received the best advice he probably ever got in his life. It was September of 1892 and the great John L. was fighting James J. Corbett in New Orleans. McAuliffe, a lightweight, was a champion and undefeated. The advice Sullivan gave McAuliffe was “everyone gets ‘his’ sometime,” and McAuliffe should retire before it happened to him. Jack McAuliffe followed Sullivan’s advice, at least to a certain extent. He retired from the ring two years later in 1894. Then he made a comeback, in 1896. He was lucky. McAuliffe stayed unbeaten and retired for a final time in 1897. His last fight — against Philadelphia Tommy Ryan — could have gone either way, though. It went a full ten rounds. Although Jack had had a couple of monsters, few fights went longer than the Ryan encounter. Most of his pugilistic encounters were three or four rounds. He was that good. (Continued on page 42)

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(Continued from page 41)

Jack McAuliffe is one of only a handful of undefeated fighters. Some lists name only three boxers to be so magically blessed. Others, more. Regardless, Jack McAuliffe stands as one of the great fighters of all time. Jack McAuliffe was one tough cookie. He was a tough Irish boxer. Before that he was a tough Irish kid. The place he grew up had a lot to do with that. He grew up with Bangor’s Haymarket Square as his schoolyard. Some say Haymarket Square was the Devil’s own playground. It was a hellhole where booze and vice abounded. The chalk-booted loggers that came down the Penobscot saw to that. The divines from Bangor Theological Seminary knew it, too. They used it to practice calling down God’s curses. It never seemed to work, though. When much of Bangor burned in 1911, the Haymarket emerged with nary a paint blister. It was the Haymarket where Jack McAuliffe learned to scrap. Jack McAuliffe doesn’t particularly look like a fighter in his trunks or tights. Pictures from his fighting days show a slightly overweight, almost pudgy young man with cherubic features. He almost looks like a nerd. You would half expect him to be the guy at the beach that gets sand kicked in his face in the old Charles

Atlas advertisements. Yet, Jack had a “rep.” Jack McAuliffe had a couple of ring monikers. One was “Napoleon of the Prize Ring.” After all, he did keep on winning. Others included “the Dapper Dan of the ring” and “the Beau Brummel of the sports world.” The latter two related to Jack’s liking for the good life — fine food, expensive clothes and even more expensive women. Jack hung out at race tracks. They were more fun than training. But then Jack didn’t need to train all that much — he had talent, natural physical resources that he could afford to squander in the ring. The fact that Jack had the resources to squander may just explain why he fought. Jack McAuliffe was as Irish as they come. He was born in County Cork in 1866. When Jack was five his parents, Cornelius and Jane, joined the wave of Irish immigrants that made Bangor, Portland and a few other Maine towns their home. Cornelius McAuliffe was a cooper, he made barrels. When Jack was sixteen or so, the family moved again, to Williamsburg, in Brooklyn, New York. Jack fought out of Williamsburg and Brooklyn. Jack was one of those fighters that bridged the worlds of bare knuckle fighting and the seeming more benign and sophisticated one CelebratinG 100 years!

of the boxing glove. It was the era where championship claims were vague, less than clear. In 1885 Jack claimed the Professional Lightweight Championship basically on his own merits. There was no uniformly recognized boxing governing body at the time. In this case it doesn’t matter, though. Jack was one of the greats. That’s why Ring Magazine inducted him into its Hall of Fame in 1954. He is also an inductee of the International Boxing Hall of Fame. That induction came in 1995. Jack followed in his father’s footsteps as a barrel maker. It was a fortuitous choice. His first job was in a barrel factory where Jack “Nonpariel” Dempsey worked. Jack Dempsey was recognized as American lightweight champion. The Nonpariel took McAuliffe under his wing and trained him. Then when Dempsey vacated his title to move up a weight class, he named his protégé as legitimate claimant to the title. The recommendation meant that Jack could fight wherever he wanted — that he was a boxer to be reckoned with. McAuliffe began his fight career as an amateur featherweight when he was eighteen. In 1885 at Dempsey’s urging, McAuliffe challenged then-lightweight champ Jack Mitchell for a title shot. When Mitchell refused, Jack

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claimed the title. He then went on to defeat the three most likely claimants to the title. Then he accepted the challenge of any legitimate contender. Jack McAuliffe was one of the first technical fighters. He was a thinking man’s boxer. He also possessed natural speed. That was one of his greatest assets, and why sports reporters described him as being as “quick as greased lightning.” Quickness allowed McAuliffe to play with some of his less-talented opponents, to show off in the ring. Sometimes he would keep a fight going just so that he could show off. It’s a character flaw sometimes referred to as the “handicap principle.” The “handicap principle” as applied to boxing means that a boxer squanders physical resources that a less-fit opponent cannot afford to waste. In a sense, the boxer who so handicaps himself is saying “I can take on the world with one hand tied behind my back.” It’s performing in a manner that is conspicuously wasteful of talent. The handicap principle may explain why Jack McAuliffe was so willing to forgo a rigorous training regimen. Living the good life was an ostentatious way for Jack to show off his natural gifts. We see this when the financially well-to-do build impractical mansions and drive pointlessly expensive cars. While expensive and useful is all very well, expensive and useless is much better. In 1887 Jack fought Jem Carney, the former world bare-knuckles champ, for four hours and 58 minutes. The fight went 74 rounds. It was a draw. The crowd broke into the ring in round 74, effectively ending the fight. Jem Carney was a Brit. The fight took place in Revere,

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Massachusetts, where McAuliffe was something of a hometown favorite. Jack had problems when he wore down so that he lost his speed. The same thing happened when he fought Mike Daly. Fighting Mike Daly must have been a bit of déjà vu for McAuliffe. Daly was from Bangor. He was Irish and famous for being able to take a punch. The two fought in December of 1889. Jack was the better technical boxer but he couldn’t put Daly away. The record books show Jack had 93 clean hits to Daly’s 33. As with Carney, the fight was a draw. It went a full 15 rounds. Jack McAuliffe’s ring career doesn’t quite end with his retirement. He loved the ring and showcasing his talents. As late as 1920 Jack was doing exhibitions. The fact that he was undefeated was a big draw. He even travelled to England, where he put on an exhibition with Jem Carney. Jack McAuliffe died in 1937. He may have succumbed to throat cancer. He was a heavy smoker. The fighter who first began honing his skills along the banks of the Penobscot River left a mark in the boxing record books that has seldom been equalled. His was a remarkable career. When the term premiere is used to describe a fighter, one need only look to Jack McAuliffe to understand what is meant. As the 72-round fight with Jem Carney indicates, there was more than natural talent to the Haymarket Square fighter. Page 41 photo credit: Haymarket Square, Bangor. Item #LB20082651 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org. 

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Bangor Journalist Maggie Hamm A lady well ahead of the times by Charles Francis

aggie Hamm wrote about everything and anything. She once began an article for Good Housekeeping: “It was a Mongolian philosopher who said that civilization was born in a frying pan.” The magazine published the article in May of 1898. Its title was “Some Chinese Dishes,” the subtitle “Celestial Bills of Fare for American Cooks.” In it Hamm wrote about preparing Chow-Gan or Chinese Omelet, Rice Eggs and Chop Suey. She stuck to basics, things Americans could and would try. She compared the Chinese chef to the Parisian chef, to the benefit of both. The comparison may have been what sold the article. French cuisine was all the rage in the Gay ‘90s. Maggie Hamm has been described as a dilettante and a dabbler. She tried her hand at any number of professions, from journalist to social worker, from actress to photographer to magazine editor. She wrote books about the great, the celebrated and the socially promiin business since 1939

nent. She wrote about the downtrodden. The Boston Globe once singled her out as a potential candidate for Congress. This was in 1895, before women had the vote. The Globe also mentioned Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the same paragraph. Maggie was a suffragette like them. It would be easy to call Maggie Hamm an early feminist, too. Just because something was deemed a male province didn’t keep Maggie from trying it. She was the first woman to be recognized as a serious war correspondent. The last name Maggie was born with would seem to have had only one “m.” In fact, she may have been born simply “Maggie.” She wrote under the name Margherita Arlina Hamm, though. Maggie was born in Bangor in 1867 or ‘68. Or maybe she wasn’t. Maybe she just spent a significant portion of her childhood in Bangor. We do know for sure that she lived there. But she could have been born in New

Brunswick. That was where her father, a lumber dealer, hailed from. The record is conflicted. Much about Maggie is, like the causes she espoused. On the one hand Maggie Hamm did everything in her power to point up the horrible conditions of the poor who lived in urban blight. On the other hand, Maggie was a vocal proponent of American imperialism. She wrote favorably of the Spanish-American War and saw America as taking up the “white man’s burden” in such far-flung places as the Caribbean and the Philippines. Maggie saw Admiral George Dewey as the great American hero of the age, and she wrote, almost lovingly, of Jewish ghetto dwellers in New York. Maggie Hamm was one of the first great female journalists. It would not be unfair to either Margaret Bourke White or Barbara Walters to compare Maggie to either or both. Maggie had the devil-may-care, fearless attitude of the former and the chutzpah of the

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latter. In a later time period Maggie would have been a photojournalist. She covered wars the same way White did, she just didn’t always have the camera. Like Walters, Maggie would have been quite at home interviewing a celebrity on TV. She interviewed Broadway stars for a book and for newspapers in their homes much like Walters. Maggie Hamm had a knack for being in the right place at the right time and for getting her foot in the door of many of the right people. Maggie covered the war between Japan and China when Japan invaded Korea in 1894. She just happened to be in Korea when Japan, with its westernized and modernized military, decided it was time to wrest the peninsula from a China stuck not in the eighteenth but more likely the seventeenth or an even earlier century. If the Russians had read Maggie’s reports of how the Japanese rolled up the Chinese Army, that country might have been better prepared for the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. In 1902 Maggie had one of her greatest publishing successes, Eminent Actors in Their Homes. As the title suggests, Maggie did her interviews in the celebrities’ homes. She gave a bird’s-eye view of just how the celebrity lived, how their home was decorated, and how they

dressed at their leisure. Broadway actress Annie Russell was one of the greats of the day whom Maggie visited. She got Russell to talk about her rise to fame, and give opinions that probably the actress later wished she had never voiced. For Maggie, Russell was the epitome of feminine “pulchritude.” Maggie Hamm spent much of her adult life in New York City. If she had a calling other than writing, it was as a social worker. This experience led to her collaboration with reputed “Ghetto Expert” and “professional” Hebrew David Warfield. What made Warfield a professional Hebrew was that he played that role on stage. Warfield was one of David Belasco’s stable of stars. Maggie’s collaboration with Warfield produced Ghetto Silhouettes. Ghetto Silhouettes is a collection of sketches of the daily life of New York’s East Side residents. The East Side was where Warfield did his field research for the Hebrew characters he portrayed on stage. The book resembles a collection of Hebrew folk tales transposed to the East Side. It has been both praised and belittled. Today Ghetto Silhouettes is most noted for its photographs of New York street scenes. Maggie took the photographs herself. They have a certain pathos and elegance that foreshadows the work of

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Bernice Abbott. In 1898 Maggie came out strong for the Spanish-American War. She served as chair of New York City’s pro-war Women’s Congress of Patriotism and Independence. She went to the Caribbean and covered the fighting there for New York, Washington and Los Angeles papers. She wrote books on America’s destiny, including Manila and the Philippines and America’s New Possessions and Spheres of Influence. And she made Admiral Dewey a national hero. She wrote a hymn to him and a piece titled Dewey the Defender: A Life Sketch of America’s Great Hero. Maggie even went to the Philippines on a photo-shoot. The turn of the new century saw a wave of patriotic fervor engulf America, and Maggie Hamm did her part in making that wave grow. Builders of the Republic portrayed great Americans like Jefferson and Lincoln who helped make the America that Maggie saw. In her article on Lincoln, Maggie spent time describing Hannibal Hamlin, the Great Emancipator’s first vice president. She included facts that could only have been gleaned by someone familiar with Hamlin as a Bangorite — facts that she must have learned growing up in Bangor.

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Probably the most prosaic of Maggie Hamm’s professional hats was that of one of the editors of Peterson’s Magazine. Peterson’s was sort of an early Redbook. It styled itself as the “BEST among America’s magazines for ladies.” It published fiction by less-than-notable women writers. The fact that well-known women writers of the day are absent from its pages may just be the most notable feature of the magazine. Nonfiction articles tended to deal with tatting and the like. Maggie Hamm was a ground-breaking turnof-the-twentieth-century woman. She was one of the first truly famous female journalists, a woman who served as a role model for many of her sex in showing that fields hitherto reserved for men could be conquered by strongminded women with a bent for using the English language. Today Mainers might regard her as a Downeaster who looked beyond her home state to a wider world of challenge and accomplishment. Maggie Hamm died at the age of forty. What she might have accomplished if she had lived longer is a matter of conjecture. One suspects that she would have been in the forefront of many of the changes the country and her gender experienced in the age of the flapper and beyond. 

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Discover Maine

The Bangor Band: Continuing The Legacy Entertaining the public since 1859 and still going strong by James Nalley

uring the winter of 1859 a man named William Standish gathered a group of men to form a musical band that would serve the Bangor community. Fortunately for them, musical instruments had become available by the mere chance that another group had just disbanded. With ragged instruments in hand and enthusiasm as their motivation, they called themselves the “Bangor Cornet Band,” and jumped right into a busy performance schedule of more than 60 concerts. When other bands could not seem to last more than a few months, this band found the determination and drive to become one of the oldest continuous community bands in the country. Within two years the Bangor Cornet Band expanded, and performed in a wide variety of events that ranged from small private gatherings and holiday parades to their regular bandstand at Davenport Park. As support grew for the enthusiastic band, the former overused instruments were replaced with shiny new ones

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due to the kind support of the local women’s club. But unlike many other musical groups in the country, the onset of the Civil War would not tear apart the band into individual combat service. Instead, the group served as a regimental band attached to the 2nd Maine Infantry. By February 1865 the band served as part of the 14th Maine Regiment, which had the distinction of being one of the Union forces that recaptured Fort Sumter. According to the band’s history, “The band would maintain military connections, both with active duty engagements and later with the Maine National Guard until the end of World War I.” Their schedule included performances for an impressive list of dignitaries such as Presidents Teddy Roosevelt and Howard Taft, as well as General George McClellan and Admiral Robert Peary, a Maine resident known for his Arctic expeditions. By the turn of the 20th century enthusiasm toward community bands had declined, and the Bangor Band began to feel the effects.

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Since membership was entirely contingent upon the recruitment of the best local musicians, Harvey J. Woods (the tenth conductor of the band) initiated a plan to invite talented high school and college students into the band. As stated in the History of the Bangor Band by Adelbert Sprague, “The young members develop musically through working contact with experienced players, while those seasoned members are inspired to the maintenance of his standards.” Sprague further states, “The future of the Bangor Band must rely on and grow from the objectives of civic pride, music for music’s sake, and good fellowship.” This type of thinking is what has made the band so successful throughout its long history. It simply adapted to the changes of the community, even in the face of the Great Depression, the wars of the 20th century, and the economy. The choices of musical selections were adapted to the interests of the community. For example, in the years surrounding the Civil (Continued on page 48)

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War, popular marches and quick steps were mainstays of any performance. But as times changed, so did the music. The band’s library now includes a wide array of works that range from light classical and operatic compositions to Broadway music and film soundtracks. According the band’s history, while it was “an allmale organization for its first 100 years, the band welcomed women into its ranks in the 1960s [in order] to reflect the social history occurring in the U.S. at that time!” Today, the band has never failed to perform a concert season and it consists of approximately 50 enthusiastic musicians that range in age from 15 to the mid-80s. Led by the band’s 28th conductor, Fred Goldrich, the current season includes an impressive selection of music to suit all tastes, such as popular marches and show tunes as well as light classical works. Although they normally call the Bass Park bandstand their summer home, demolition of the old Bangor Auditorium will change this. Considering the long-lasting durability of the Bangor Band, that should not be a problem at all. Check out the website at www.bangorband.org or their Facebook page for information. 

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The Historian John Francis Sprague A life dedicated to Maine’s history by Matthew Jude Barker

aine native John Francis Sprague was one of those rare breeds who were well-known in this country in the 19th- and early-20th centuries. He was a largely self-educated writer and historian. But Sprague rises above most historians of his time in Maine due to the fact that he was a diligent researcher who documented his findings, and had these findings published in many different forms for both the public and academia to relish and enjoy. After his death in 1926, Maine historians of note were few and far between for the next three decades. John Francis Sprague was born at Brockway’s Mills in Sangerville, Maine, in July 1848, the son of Elbridge Gerrish Sprague and Sarah Parsons. He attended the little red schoolhouse so prevalent in the countryside of New England in the 19th century, but there his formal education ended. Sprague was largely self-taught from that point on. He appears to have studied law under an attorney, and was himself admitted to the Maine Bar bud’s

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for Piscataquis County in 1874. Sprague first practiced law in Abbot Village, then Monson, and finally in Dover, where he settled in 1910. He was a member of the Board of Trustees for Monson Academy for many years. Sprague was a “Republican-Progressive” from 1912 until 1924, and served in the Maine State Senate in 1921. Previously he

Sprague’s love of Maine history began early in life, and he spent many happy hours studying old books and documents related to his state’s colorful past. had served in the Maine State Legislature in 1885-1886 and in 1893-1894. Sprague was also a referee for the bankruptcy courts from 1898 until 1920. At this time he was also a Noble Grand of the Kineo Lodge of Maine. Sprague’s love of Maine history began early

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in life, and he spent many happy hours studying old books and documents related to his state’s colorful past. He became the founder and was one of the early presidents of the Piscataquis Historical Society. He also joined the Bangor Historical Society, and in 1885 was elected to the Maine Historical Society, at a time when this organization was the exclusive enclave of wealthy, prominent Yankees. This historian was also an amateur naturalist and was a longtime member of the Maine Sportsmen’s Association. At some point John Francis Sprague went from merely studying and reading Maine history to actually writing about Maine history. He wrote and published some notable biographies, including ones of Sebastian Rasle (the martyred Jesuit priest of 1720s Maine), Baron de Saint Castin (an early French explorer of Maine), General Henry Knox, Dorothea Dix, Massachusetts Governor James Sullivan (the son of Irish immigrants who wrote the first

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history of Maine, in 1795), William Pepperell, and William Phipps. Sprague contributed many articles to the Proceedings of the Maine Historical Society, the American Historical Society Quarterly, and the Massachusetts Historical Society Quarterly. In 1913 while residing in Dover-Foxcroft, Sprague began his Journal of Maine History, a tri-monthly journal devoted to the history, genealogy, and culture of the Pine Tree State. He continued this amazing magazine for the next thirteen years — for the rest of his life as it were. His helper for most of these years was his secretary and stenographer, Miss Marguerite Devereux. The journal included scholarly and popular articles, local history, poems, obituaries, book reviews, genealogical accounts, and even a history feature for school children. Sprague was interested in the lives of everyday Mainers — as many of his articles show — as well as the lives of Native Americans, Catholics, and women. He was far ahead of his time, as he wrote these articles at a time when it was anything but fashionable to write about anything other than Yankee generals and politicians and the like. John Francis Sprague was able to accomplish this and so much more while being a

cripple from birth. He had been born with deformed feet, and spent most of his adult life in a wheelchair. In his elderly years, Sprague often commented to friends that he, above all, did not want to become a cripple who had to rely on others. Thus it was not a complete surprise to those who knew and loved him when he put a revolver to his temple and pulled the trigger on May 7, 1926. Sprague left a suicide note in which he stated, “I am tired of life, I am alone, awfully alone. God knows, he will forgive me. Sorry to leave so many old friends in Maine. I must pass out. Remember the marks on my grave stone.” The historian had never married and had no close relatives when he died that day a few months shy of his 78th birthday. News of his demise shocked the people of Union Square, Dover-Foxcroft, where Sprague kept his office. The news rippled out from there and reached all of Maine in a short time. Letters of tribute to the late historian came in from all over to many Maine newspaper offices. Cornelia T. Crosby, better known by her agnomen “Fly Rod,” was a famous Maine fisherman and writer who wrote a tribute to him from her bed at St. Mary’s Hospital in Lewiston. She herself was recuperating from a nervous breakdown. Crosby wrote, “Uncle John”

was an inspiration and a help to me to keep up the fight and “keep smiling” when I had to give up casting my fly on the account of the loss of the sight of one eye and to keep my pencil sharpened.” The Portland Evening Express summed up the loss of John Francis Sprague in a memorial to him in their May 10th edition that closed with: “In writing this brief and inadequate appreciation of John Sprague, the thought has come to us several times—what is the use? No words of appreciation, of admiration or love can reach his ears or the ears of the family circle, for he had none. The only satisfaction that can come from any such tribute as this is the knowledge that we are echoing what thousands of Maine people are thinking today, even though such echoes are faint and inadequate.” John Francis Sprague is now largely unknown to the general public of Maine, but he should be remembered more often. His journal and the countless other works he produced are his legacy — a legacy that all Mainers should be aware of. Note: For more on the life and times of Sprague, see Marius B. Peladeau’s monograph, John Francis Sprague: Chronicler of Maine History, published by the L. C. Bates Museum in 1998.

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Maine Weather The forecast, simplified by John McDonald

he year 1816 is known as the “the year without Summah” in Maine. now, an extra-sharp person might ask: “what in blue blazes is so odd about that?” and they would not be half wrong. But even by Maine standards, 1816 was a bad one. that year measurable amounts of snow fell in every summer month, causing widespread crop failure, loss of livestock, a noticeable increase in tourist complaints, and off-the-chart whining by tourist-related businesses. the local chamber of commerce in each town and the state’s tourist bigwigs dismissed the snow in July as an illusion and blamed the media. anyway, i mention this as part of full disclosure so that when you plunk down your $350 a night for a beachfront room in ogunquit in July and head out to catch some rays in your Speedo, you won’t be completely shocked if it is snowing. on the other hand, the skiing crowd, not to be confused with the skidder crowd, is always praying for a repeat of 1816, and that we’ll get twelve straight months of snow to pump up their business. the rest of us, however, like a break from snow. and fortunately for us, it’s rare when we don’t get at least thirty snow-free days in a row during a twelve-month period. Weather in brief January: cold, snow, freezing rain, sleet. average temperature: really cold February: Same as January, only a tad colder and more unpleasant. average temperature: wicked cold March: cold, but a dite less snow than February, which is offset by more sleet and

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freezing rain. average temperature: really wicked cold april: cold and damp with the added bonus of a bitter wind. average temperature: why is it still so damned cold? May: Should be decent, but ain’t. often downright terrible. average temperature: i can’t believe it’s still so damned cold. June: runs the gamut from cold and damp to nearly decent. average temperature: can you believe it’s June and it’s still this damned cold? July: Hot and muggy in the morning, then foggy, cold and damp by sundown. average temperature: well, at least it’s better than June, but this is still the worst July i can ever remember. it is so bad that there’s no tourists and my sales are down at least 746 percent. i really don’t know how i can stay in business any longer. i can barely pay my light bill. august 11: Gorgeous! the reason we live in Maine. average temperature: pass the sunblock!

September: See august 11. almost that good. average temperature: you know, i felt quite a nip in the air this morning. october: Still nice, but fading rapidly. average temperature: i know it’s Halloween, but you’re just gonna have to wear your parka over your costume. what do you think this is, august 11? november: Good weather for hunting, but little else. descent to hellish weather begins in earnest. average temperature: i just saw skim ice on the pond. december: Snow is back in force and brings with it sleet, freezing rain, wind, and cold. average temperature: well, look on the bright side—only nine more months until august 11. This is an excerpt from John McDonald’s book, down the road a piece, a Storyteller’s Guide to Maine, available at www.islandportpress.com.

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Old Hunter Ellis Experienced hunter and trapper told many tall tales at Kineo

by Steve Pinkham

rior to 1840 only a few sportsmen made the arduous trek to the Rangeley Lakes and Moosehead Lake region, as there were no railroads and no sporting camps until the 1860s. Originally built in 1844, the Mount Kineo house, which consisted of a tavern and a few bunkrooms, catered mostly to lumbermen, but provided bed and board to anyone who was passing through. As the

hostelry grew into a 100-room hotel, more and more hunters and fishermen began taking the stagecoach from Bangor to Greenville and a steamboat up the lake. Upon reaching Kineo, they would often secure a guide, who was hopefully very knowledgeable about the region. Among the guides, who were a mixture of hunters, trappers and fishermen, was an old, small, wiry man with a

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“nervous eye and a countenance beaming with humor.” This was Hunter Ellis, who was always in demand because he could tell the best stories. Born in Waterville in 1784, John Ellis began hunting at a young age, removed to Mercer, and later resided in Guilford. He was just out of his teen years when he first visited Moosehead Lake about 1805, and becoming enchanted with the lake and region, soon made this his major hunting ground. After building a cabin at Spencer Bay, his early career was filled with lonely days of trapping, spending countless months alone and often coming out of the woods in the spring with wolf skins and hundreds of muskrat, otter and beaver pelts. As a hunter he would often supply the Kineo House and local lumber camps with fresh meat, and he was a very generous man — his cabin door was always open to anyone venturing along. In 1824 Ellis was trapping in the Moose River region when he encountered a large bull moose. Many years later Dr. S. A. Patten of Skowhegan was staying at the Kineo Hotel and saw Old Ellis approaching in a canoe. Quickly word went out and a large group of guests rushed to the wharf to greet the old friendly hunter. Patten heard the old man tell

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(Continued from page 53)

his moose tale to a large group of people who had gathered in the parlor of the Kineo Hotel. Near the center of the room stood the old hunter with an unshaven face and long, dangling, unkempt hair, his arms pushing themselves in a long way out through his coat-sleeves, and his pantaloon legs making a short stop about halfway between his knees and ankles. His face was all aglow with pleasant emotions, and the twinkle in his eye showed that he was having as much fun out of it as anyone. “Well,” said Ellis, starting in at once, “I was returning from visiting my traps one morning, when on making a little change in my course, I saw before me, about 10 rods away, a monstrous bull moose. As quick as I could, I brought my rifle to my shoulder and taking deliberate aim, fired. The Moose fell. Supposing him to be dead, or the same as dead, I leaned my rifle against a tree and walked quickly toward him. When within two rods of him he rose to his feet, jumped toward me, forced me upon his neck and horns and ran, Jehu-like, through the woods. I held on for dear life. I thought the end of my earthly pilgrimage had surely come and that I had fired my last shot. Every moment I was being battered and

bruised and I found myself growing weaker and bleeding from almost every pore. “My clothes were stripped from me, and the speed of the infuriated beast, like a railroad train on a down grade, seemed constantly increasing. What to do, was the question. Just then I bethought me that I had a large knife in my pantaloons pocket. I quickly seized and opened it,

“The moose rose to his feet, jumped toward me, forced me upon his neck and horns and ran, Jehu-like, through the woods. I held on for dear life. I thought the end of my earthly pilgrimage had surely come and that I had fired my last shot.” and with one slash, cut the moose’s throat from ear to ear; and so I was relieved from my perilous situation. I made out to get to my camp, but it was a long time before I could resume work.” “But Mr. Ellis,” said one of the guests, “if your clothes were off how could you find your pocket and knife?” “Well,” said the old hunter, “that’s just where the joke comes in.” At this, all burst into a furious laugh, Ellis laughing too, jumping about the floor and gesticulating violently. As a guide, Old Ellis was very popular, and

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when Frank Ellison of Waltham, Massachusetts arrived at Greenville in August of 1858, he wrote in his journal, “The first thing we did on our arrival was to enquire for Mr. Ellis, more familiarly known by the epithet of Uncle Johnny. Jim and Charlie had met with him before, and being acquainted with him they were desirous to get him to go into the woods with us in preference to anyone else. On enquiring for him we found that he was at supper; so they posted themselves near the dining room prepared to hail him the moment he appeared. He soon did so and they engaged him. We were lucky in getting him, as there were others on the lookout for him. “I must say a few words about Old Johnny. He is the oldest hunter and guide in Maine; he being now 68 years of age. He has been a hunter and guide, and made a living by this vocation for 45 years, and still continues to do so.” Most everyone showed him great respect, but one time a group of hunters from New York failed to give him the courtesy he so deserved, so he bided his time. One day, one of the hunters had a watch that had stopped working. Old Ellis said he was familiar with watches and could take it apart and see what ailed it. After it was taken apart, he noted that

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

a small bit of dirt had gotten into the watch and he removed it. Then the sportsman demanded Ellis put the watch back together, to which Ellis replied, “Oh, I can’t put watches together, I can only take them apart.” After this he was treated with much courtesy and respect by the entire group of hunters. In 1860 another writer recalled a large group of sportsmen were sitting around the fireside at the Kineo House recounting the amazing fish they had caught in the lake over the years. Hunter Ellis listened in silence for awhile. At length, with a contemptuous whiff from his pipe which he was smoking, he broke in. “Call that fishing, do you boys? Let me tell you; I get trout out of this lake anywhere, day or night, any time or any season of the year. Let me tell you, I was crossing the North Bend last winter, ice three feet thick. I happened to have with me a one-inch auger, which I was going to use for some purpose or other. The thought struck me — wonder if trout could be found here this time of the year? No sooner said than done. I had a bit of twine, and a pointed nail in my pocket. I just took the auger, bored a hole in the ice, and, in less than five minutes, had a sixteen-pound laker on the ice before me. What do you think of that?”

The crowd was dumb with astonishment, while the hunter smoked his pipe in triumph. Presently, however, one of the fishermen, turning suddenly, darted a sharp glance at the narrator. “Uncle John, how came that sixteen-pound trout through the one-inch auger hole?” “Goodness, gracious,” exclaimed the old man, “I never thought of that.” A guffaw of laughter went around at once, in which no one joined more heartily than hunter John himself. Old Ellis also had a reputation as a great bear hunter, and one story relates that in the early nineteenth century bear robes were very fashionable for sleigh rides, and that sportsmen would engage Ellis to obtain a bear hide for them. Being a poor man, they would pay him in advance, so one year, when the first snow came, he started off with his gun, and soon came upon Bruin’s track. He ran all day without overtaking the bear, and camped on his track that night, and early the next morning took up the trail and followed him all that day, with no better success than upon the previous day. The third day found his aged limbs quite stiff and sore. However, he made another start and ran till well-nigh exhausted, when he came in sight of Bruin, who had stopped for a few moments’ rest, but upon

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seeing his pursuer started off again at full speed. The old man took aim and fired, but the bear didn’t stop. Feeling too far gone to run another step, he shouted with all the energy of despair, “You may run, and run, but there ain’t a hair on ye that belongs to ye, for I’ve sold your hide and got my pay for it.” The old hunter’s last adventure occurred in November of 1866, while he was staying at his cabin near Spencer Bay. The old guide became very sick and crawled across the lake ten miles on his hands and knees to the home of Samuel Harford at Sand Bar, his nearest neighbor. Word was sent to his family in Guilford, and Jacob Leeman of Abbot, an old friend, headed around the lake with a logging sled and brought the old man home, whereupon Ellis’ son–in-law, Joseph Cousins, took him to his family in Guilford. The old trapper never recovered from the illness and passed away the following February after a long life filled with many adventures. As late as 1959 Harry Sanders, Jr., who operated Sanders Store in Greenville for many years, could recall his grandfather telling him stories about Hunter Ellis, and that he had “quite a reputation as a guide, hunter and trapper.” 

Enjoy Discover Maine All year! Discover Maine Magazine is published eight times each year in regional issues that span the entire State of Maine. Each issue is distributed for pick up, free of charge, only in the region for which it is published. It is possible to enjoy Discover Maine year ‘round by having all nine issues mailed directly to your home or office. Mailings are done four times each year.

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Thurston Hunt Store, Hermon Corner. Item #101024 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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he Lombard log Maine Forest & Logging hauler was in its heyMuseum, a Lombard’s enday when a 13-yeargine could produce “175 old youth joined some hardy pounds [per square inch] of loggers harvesting white pine steam pressure and 90 Walter Arnold’s memories of his 13th winter during a particularly bitter horsepower” so the maMaine winter. Already dischine could tow several placing the horses so familiar sleds (usually eight, but Walat Maine logging camps, the ter Arnold saw 12 sleds steam-powered Lombard towed by a Lombard at towed great quantities of logs times). to where Walter Arnold and In fact, “depending on his companions worked conditions, a log hauler alongside Sebec Lake in Piscould pull as many as 22 cataquis County. sleds, some 600 tons of Resembling a locomotive wood!” the MFLM publicathat traded its massive wheels tion reports. by Ian MacKinnon for front skis and metalA Lombard log hauler lagged rear treads, the Lomusually carried four men — bard log hauler owed its name to Alvin Lombard. Hailing from a conductor, engineer, and fireman tucked inside the cab next to the Springfield in Penobscot County, he was a naturally creative genius who warm steam engine; and a steersman (or “pilot”) who stood beneath tinkered with machinery and parts to invent a pulpwood debarker and the nose’s overhang and steered the front skis with a rudimentary steerother equipment that made work a bit easier at Maine sawmills. ing wheel. A Lombard lacked brakes, as Arnold later attested, and Among the Mainers attempting to invent steam-powered log-hauling sometimes a log hauler would not slow down on an icy slope. machines were Lombard and Johnson Woodbury, who conceptualized Alvin Lombard placed his first log hauler, the Mary Ann, in service a basic tread. The men met while working for the Great Northern on Thanksgiving Day in 1900. His company manufactured steam-powPaper Company. Liking Woodbury’s concept, Lombard developed a ered Lombards in Waterville from 1900 to 1917; gas-powered Lomflexible metal-lagged tread turned by gears driven by a steam engine. bards appeared circa 1910 and remained in production until 1936. According to Lombards in the Maine Woods, which was published by the (Continued on page 58)

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(Continued from page 57)

Lombard’s machines ventured far afield, definitely reaching Montana and Wisconsin before production ceased. Bulldozers, skidders and trucks gradually supplanted Lombard log haulers — today the metal-lagged tread appears only on bulldozers used for building woods roads in Maine’s commercial forests. Walter Arnold spent his 13th winter working around Lombard log haulers. The machines left him a bit awestruck, yet aware that men assigned to Lombards faced hazardous duty. “Tell you frankly, I never did ask for the job of steering a log hauler,” he wrote. Throughout his adult years Arnold spent most winters working at logging operations that, until Lombard’s log haulers appeared deep in the Maine forest, had relied exclusively on human and horse labor. Writing his entertaining I Worked Around Log Haulers years later, Arnold remembered that “I had some firsthand experience with log haulers the winter I was 13. “Back in those days many a boy at that age went to work in the woods or on log drives,” he recalled. That particular winter, the young Arnold was assigned to a crew working at “the Landing Camp near the shore of Sebec Lake.” Three Lombards each made three trips daily

to the camp while towing “as many as twelve sets of sleds in a load, each load consisting of huge pine logs and some smaller ones, ranging in length from 16 to 24 feet,” he wrote. Another log hauler towed loads from the logging operations deeper in the forest to the main hauling road, to be removed by the three other machines.

“Casualties ran high that winter. One man working with me got his leg broken, and rolling logs almost crushed to death another logger. He was carried out but lived.” Foremen wanted the Lombards operated on a tight schedule, arriving “a quarter or half hour apart so we could unload the three and ... hustle back to camp,” Arnold wrote. “Our job was to unload these sleds” in weather that would shut down many major American cities today. “Unloading those sleds was dangerous work, especially at night, [with] snow flying, temperature way below zero, and the only light was from flickering, old kerosene lanterns

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which usually had blackened globes from turning the flame up too high,” Arnold recalled. “It was not playground stuff, working during one of the coldest winters with plenty of 10- to 30-below zero weather,” he wrote. “Casualties ran high that winter. One man working with me got his leg broken, and rolling logs almost crushed to death another logger,” Arnold remembered. “He was carried out but lived.” That succinct phrase does not reveal the injured logger’s ultimate fate. Did the accident cripple him, leaving him unable to work? Arnold probably never found out. He did describe another man who “was tripping a load in the dark when a few logs come off ... a skid ... which he did not see.” The logs caused a log next to the man to bounce upward and “pin his head between the skid and the bottom of the load. He, too, was carried out but lived,” Arnold recalled. “Men were getting bruised, sprained ankles or knees, and bumped around every day or so.” The men driving the four Lombard log haulers faced their own challenges. “A man with a telephone was stationed ... day and night at a descent nicknamed ‘Hey Hill,’” according to Arnold. This logger kept “fresh hey (sic) or dirt on the road to help brake the

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[Lombard] loads. After all, there were no brakes on the sleds,” he remembered. “The poor fellow up front steering did not want the whole long train of sleds to run away and into the woods [and leave him] buried under machine, sleds and logs.” Years later, Arnold would reminisce about that nasty winter spent working around the Piscataquis County Lombards. “I can close my eyes now and hear the hiss of the steam from the old haulers, hear the shouts of the men in the dim lantern light, hear the rattle of the cantdogs and the booming of the logs there in the flying snow,” he wrote. “The Log Hauler business lasted over some twenty years,” Arnold noted. “By that time they had developed trucks that could haul big loads, summer or winter, and go much faster. After all, log haulers would not make much over 3 to 5 miles an hour. 

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Discover Maine 60

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

very little experience flys a new warden, I ing over this area, and I was desperately had none. trying to learn the We circled and banked, geography and the layout swooped down for a of my unfamiliar district. closer view, and then So when Warden Pilot climbed back up into the Richard Varney offered to air for a different outlook, take me along in his plane searching for landmarks I for an aerial view, I said could recognize. The sure. steady drone of the enDick was a veteran pilot from Readfield and his Former Maine Game Warden’s gine, along with the constant dipping up and personality was second to first on-duty plane ride down, banking sharply none. The float plane ciraround one area and then cled low over the treetops by John Ford Sr. moving to another, was and dropped down onto beginning to take its toll. Unity Pond where it gracefully floated toward me. With a mighty roar of the engine, Dick ma- Suddenly, I wasn’t feeling all that well. Dick noticed my flushed face and how I wasn’t looking down but neuvered the aircraft to the boat ramp and I climbed aboard. Once inside, Dick and I exchanged cordial greetings. I tightened the kept staring straight ahead. The fact that I was no longer communiseatbelt around my scrawny body. The engine roared again as the plane cating with him sealed the prognosis that his passenger wasn’t quite as took off across the lake, picking up speed as we moved along. In no healthy as he had been. We were approaching the northern end of Unity Pond when he said, time we abruptly lifted off, rising up into the heavens, leaving the water “Hey, John, there’s a couple of people fishing out of a canoe down on and land far below us. I marveled at the great career I had chosen. After all, in what other the pond. Do you want to drop down and check their licenses and perprofession could a rookie summon an airplane at his whim, cruise over haps get a little fresh air?” I felt as though I was about ready to vomit and I just wanted to land, the countryside below, and get paid for doing it? At an altitude of a couple thousand feet, Dick leveled the plane and we began charting period. I nodded my approval for him to set the flying beast down. the land below us using the topographical maps spread out between The sooner the better, I thought. Dick settled the plane down over the pond with a thud, the the seats. We struggled to find out exactly where we were, as Dick had

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

pontoons striking the water’s surface and slowing us to a mere crawl. He opened the windows of the aircraft, allowing a gush of fresh air into the cockpit. Believe me, by now I fully understood what that old saying “a breath of fresh air” really meant. I welcomed the cool wind as we taxied across the water, heading for two women fishing from their canoe. They were in a secluded cove, out of sight from the main lake. Looking forward to an opportunity to move about, I opened the door of the aircraft and unhooked the safety belts holding me firmly in place. At the same time, I repositioned the seat to make it easier to get out of the plane. Screwing my warden’s hat securely on my head, I suavely jumped down for the pontoon. The problem was, I didn’t come close to landing on it. Instead, I shot straight down into the water and completely out of sight. There was no way in the hinges of hell that I wanted to resurface from the bottom of the pond. I could only imagine the fiasco this incident was about to become. It was a matter of sheer survival that forced me to finally bob back up to the top, where my warden’s hat floated directly above me. I scrambled onto the pontoon, grabbing my hat along the way. There I stood, with water pouring out of my holster and dripping off my

Swift

head, exposed for the whole world around me to admire. I must have looked like a drowned duck in a swamp. All I could hear was Dick’s hysterical laughter coming from inside the plane. Glancing over at the two ladies in the canoe, one of them was pinching her lips, desperately trying to maintain some form of composure. The other lady had already lost hers. She was howling in a fit of laughter. How would I explain this embarrassing feat in front of two members of the public I’d never met before? I knew I had to say something to break the ice, so I made it sound like I’d planned such a grand entrance. I glanced towards Dick and sputtered, “I guess they’re legal, Dick, I didn’t see any hidden stringer of fish beneath their canoe!” My stupid statement enhanced their humor all the more. By now, all three of them were having a great belly laugh. And they were having it at my sorry expense. I could only laugh along with them. After a quick check of their licenses and an apology for ruining their fishing excursion, Dick and I floated away from the scene of this catastrophe. Rather humbly, I told my still-hysterical comrade, “I think I’ve had quite enough flying for today, Dick. You’d better take me back to my cruiser.”

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Between chuckles, he said, “I’d say you have, John! I promise no one will ever hear about this . . . ha-ha-ha.” I knew damn well it would only be a matter of hours before the story of our day together would be told around the state. I wasn’t disappointed. As a sad footnote to this now-humorous memory, two years later in 1972, Warden Varney lost his life on Maranacook Lake in the town of Winthrop when the helicopter he was piloting malfunctioned and plunged into the water. Tragically, Dick, who was unable to swim, drowned in the incident. I still think of that day out on Unity Pond, when at least I saw my friend share a moment of sheer joy, even if it was at my expense. I’m sure it was one of the more humorous memories he ever experienced during his long career with the agency. This is an excerpt from the upcoming book, Suddenly The Cider Didn’t Taste So Good, by former Maine Game Warden John Ford Sr., who also served as Waldo County Sheriff in the 90s. Ford’s book, a recollection of his experiences as a warden; humorous, serious and heartwarming, will be published by and available from islandportpress.com in April of this year. 

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Discover Maine 62

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Saturday night Baths And Other Timely Ablutions Bathing was once a luxury for only the well-to-do by Charles Francis

hy wash dishes? Besides the need to clean them once used? Dr. Mary Wood-Allen had a good reason for washing dishes. According to her, “Dish washing is especially beneficial, as the hot water calls the blood to the hands and so helps to relieve the headache or backache.” The above piece of advice can be found in What A Young Girl Ought To Know, a Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) publication. It was first published in 1897. There were numerous follow-ups. The work was part of a WCTU series on the “Self and Sex.” The overall theme of “Self and Sex” was personal hygiene, mental and physical. The WCTU wasn’t just anti-alcohol, it was decidedly pro-cleanliness and hygiene, in particular and in general. The president of the WCTU, Lillian M. N. Stevens, saw to that. Hygiene was one of Stevens’ pet projects. To that end she pushed the appointment of Mary Wood-Allen, M.D.

as World Superintendent of the Purity Department of the WCTU. The particular type of headache and backache Wood-Allen was discussing in her treatise for young girls was that associated with menstrual cramps. There is a tale of a farmer, who, after a hard day of hoeing under the hot sun, thought he might go down to the pond with a bar of soap and give himself a good scrub. Something came up, though, and he didn’t. As the tale goes, he thought to put off scrubbing until after the next hoeing, even until the harvest was done. Most of us think of bathing as one of the necessities of life. Back in the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, a good many, like the farmer of the above story, were largely indifferent to cleanliness. While truant boys might slip away for a dip in stream or pond, those who most needed to — like farmers — rarely made use of soap and water.

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From its very beginning in the 1870s, the WCTU made bathing a part of its platform and message. The organization’s original message was “All should bathe at least twice a week.” The message was refined with the development of the organization’s Purity Department. The importance of bathing in particular and hygiene in general for the WCTU may have had something to do with where Lillian Stevens hailed from. She was from farming country — in Piscataquis County. Dr. Mary Wood-Allen linked cleanliness and Christianity. She connected dish washing and religion. Hot water represented “truth, heated by love.” The dirty dishes were the self. Washing dishes was akin to the cleansing of “wornout thoughts and desires.” They were cleansed in “loving truth.” Bathing in the nineteenth century was very different from today. For one thing, few had

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

running water in their homes. Water was cold unless you had the time and ability to heat it beforehand. Back then people didn’t take baths as often as we do today. Bathing was a luxury. The poor and middle class would go at least a week without a bath... maybe longer. The wealthy would bathe more often. William Alcott’s Young Man’s Guide made the following observation in 1836: “Cleanliness of the body has... such a connection with mental and moral purity... that I am unwilling to omit the present opportunity of urging its importance. There are those who are so attentive to this subject as to wash their whole bodies... every day, and never to wear the same clothes, during the day, that they have slept in the previous night. Now this habit by some might be called whimsical; but I think it deserves a better name. I consider this extreme, if it ought to be called an extreme, as vastly more safe than the common extreme of neglect.” Alcott was, of course, describing a relatively new habit — a habit of the well-to-do. For the vast majority of the early nineteenth century, the hygienic norm was one of filth and stench. The WCTU rose to prominence in the post Civil War years. Its two great leaders were Frances Willard and Lillian Stevens. They saw

need for change, and on the massive scale of a progressive social movement centered on hygiene and moral cleanliness. Lillian Stevens was born Lillian Ames in Dover [Foxcroft] on the banks of the Piscataquis River in 1844. As would be expected, the future president of the WCTU grew up in a home which emphasized Christian virtues. Growing up, Lillian regularly and repeatedly heard the message delivered from the local church pulpit that cleanliness and purity were one and the same, and that cleanliness was next to Godliness. This message manifested itself on a grand scale with the WCTU around the time Lillian Stevens became the organization’s national president in 1898. In the mid- to late-1890s the WCTU actively endorsed a particular brand of soap — Happy Thought Soap. Happy Thought Soap, Christianity and the WCTU were directly connected. There were Happy Thought Soap advertisements in The Woman’s Journal. The advertisements carried the endorsement of the WCTU. The manufacturer of Happy Thought Soap even went so far as to donate a penny from the sale of each bar to the WCTU. The message is clear — there was a connection between physical and moral cleanliness

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and soap. This brings us to the honored tradition of the Saturday night bath. Those who lived in rural areas would bathe in natural water, especially in the summer when it was hot. They would find a secluded spot in a river or lake for their ablutions. As some know, bathing in the outdoors, feeling the wind blowing on your body, the water flowing on you and laving you is an indescribable luxury. In more populated hamlets and towns, and during cold weather, water was boiled in pots over a fire and poured into a bathtub. The bathtub was metal and portable. It was hauled out every Saturday night. The head of household would be first and he would get the fresh warm water, and then the next person according to station. Infants and small children were given baths separately from adults. Some families had special tubs for the little ones. They were smaller than the adult-size tub. Some were set on a large, lipped base so that the rambunctious young bather would not splash water on the floor. The WCTU did much to make bathing a part of our daily lives. It was a matter of ridding society of dirt, moral as well as material. (Continued on page 64)

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Discover Maine 64

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 63)

In What A Young Girl Ought to Know Mary Wood-Allen says “It is far better for the young girl at puberty to be gently active in household duties than to be lying around reading love stories.” Wood-Allen is making a clear moral judgement here. That is what the WCTU was all about, making moral judgements. Women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, who had little rights in the political sphere, took on the movement toward cleanliness with the WCTU and brought about change wherever and whenever they could. No change was as great, however, as that associated with bathing and the Saturday night bath.

Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

u-Auto-Rest, Abbot. Item #103806 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

The Hotel Braeburn, Guilford. The hotel was built in 1906 and burned down in 2003. Item #101611 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

N’ K Garage

Full service automotive garage aC services • alignments Brakes • Oil Changes Tune-Ups • state inspections 233 Water Street Guilford, ME 04443

Rusty Ward

207.876.1088

aS LoggI . THom n r.aMASTER LOggER g Specializing in Environmentally Friendly Cut to Length Logging

Buyer of Pulpwood, Logs, Stumpage & Land

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— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Discover Maine

“Save The Depot” Works To Preserve A Greenville Landmark Group’s efforts to keep unused railroad station by Ian MacKinnon

ill the dilapidated train station at Greenville Junction avoid the tragic fate that claimed so many other historic train stations during the late 20th century? Not if Save The Depot has its way. Efforts are currently underway to literally save The Depot, as Greenville residents call the deteriorating railroad station located beside the Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway Inc. tracks that curve through Greenville Junction before paralleling Moosehead Lake as far as East Outlet. Built for $2,000 in 1889 by the Canadian Pacific Railroad, the Queen Annestyle station played a vital role in regional history and transportation. Abandoned when the CPR ceased its passenger operations years ago, the station has since fallen upon hard times. In the late-19th and early-20th centuries, two railroads connected Greenville and Moosehead Lake with Maine, Canada, and points beyond. Crossing Maine from east to

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west, the CPR linked Greenville with Brownville Junction. From there, passengers could entrain for Bangor or Millinocket. A late-comer to Greenville, the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad extended a line west from its Derby yard. The B&A ran through DoverFoxcroft and Guilford before gradually curving north and west through Blanchard and Shirley to Greenville Junction, where careful negotiations led to the CPR granting the B&A station access. The train station lies essentially north-south: CPR trains would stop on the east side of the station, B&A trains on the west side. Freight and passengers could interchange. The arrangement worked well during those decades when wealthy folks fleeing summer heat and humidity (and cholera and typhoid and similar diseases) in large American cities rode the rails north to Greenville Junction. With children, servants, and baggage in tow, these well-to-do tourists would board lake steamers — such as the surviving Katahdin,

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which still plies the lake — to cruise north to resorts at Kineo and elsewhere. Unfortunately, passenger traffic faded with the popularity of the automobile and improved roads. The B&A abandoned its passenger runs to Greenville Junction, then its freight runs, and finally pulled up its tracks and ties. The old B&A corridor lingers on in a sixmile, multi-use recreational trail running from The Junction to Shirley; ATVs and snowmobiles seasonally buzz where trains once rolled. The CPR maintained passenger service until the late 20th century — many Mainers can recall waiting at the Greenville Junction at odd hours to catch a Montreal-bound train. Even that train steamed into history as the CPR abandoned all passenger service and the remaining train stations. The Depot underwent several architectural changes during its early decades. Most striking was the addition to the building’s north end of a women’s waiting room (complete with (Continued on page 66)

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Discover Maine 66

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 65)

ornate interior curved benches) and a conical roof subsequently dubbed the Witch’s Cap. The Moosehead Historical Society’s extensive photographic archives — arguably among the best in Maine — contain dated photos showing the Greenville Junction station sans Witch’s Cap circa 1901, and with it about a decade later. By the early 21st century The Depot became an eyesore and a potential liability for the Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway, which had purchased the B&A lines and equipment from Iron Road Railway in 2003. To its credit, the MM&A did not immediately raze the

Greenville Junction station. Enter the Greenville Junction Depot Friends, a non-profit group recently established to preserve the station. Launching a fund-raising campaign called Save The Depot, the Greenville Junction Depot Friends needs to raise $100,000 to relocate and renovate the venerable train station. According to Chairperson Jane Hall, the MM&A will donate The Depot to the Friends group. Plans call for moving the building across nearby Route 15 to a site on the Little Moose Unit of the Maine Public Reserve Lands, administered by the Maine Department of Conservation. Once placed on a secure

Piscataquis Exchange, Greenville Jct. Item #116196 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

Draper’s garage

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foundation, The Depot will be thoroughly renovated. Hall said that sections will be “fully winterized” for use by such events as concerts, weddings and receptions, and senior citizen groups. On September 25-26, 2010, representatives from Camden-based Gartley & Dorsky Engineering Surveying and Rockport-based 2A Architects physically inspected The Depot to assess its structural integrity. Both companies provided their services “in kind,” Hall noted, and issued a comprehensive report on November 18, 2010. “Currently the Depot is in a state of severe disrepair,” the report concluded in its introduction. For page after page, the report assesses the train station’s existing condition and advises what steps must be taken — immediately or later — to rebuild each section. Toward its end, the report details the requisite measures to move and fully restore the station. Concerning the station’s roof, the investigative team reported that “the roof is not watertight and should be patched immediately to prevent further damage to the [building‘s] interior” caused by leaks. According to Hall, volunteers from the Friends group soon patched the roof, cleaned up The Depot and its grounds, and secured the building against illegal access. On August 20, 2011 the Friends group sponsored “Celebrate the Depot” at the Greenville train station. Some retired CPR employees long-affiliated with the station spoke with visitors, and musicians entertained the crowd. Visitors toured The Depot, described by Hall as “a totally unique building.” The event helped raise funds toward the $100,000 restoration goal. 

Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

Morrell’s

Hardware & Home Center

Decorating Center • gifts Housewares • lawn & garden Outdoor Furniture

695-2897

Serving the Moosehead Area For Over 50 Years lily bay Road, greenville morrellsmaine@gmail.com

— Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region —

Directory Of Advertisers Business

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A & A Towing and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . .16 A Straight Stitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 A.E. Robinson Oil Company . . . . . . . . . . . .50 ABM Mechanical, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Albert Fitzpatrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Allstate Insurance/Stephen Wilde . . . . . . . .42 Al’s Diner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Ames Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Andy’s Auto Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Aroostook Milling Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Auto Radiator Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 B & L Auto Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Bangor Area Visiting Nurses . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Bangor Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Bangor Letter Shop & Color Copy Center .42 Bangor Mall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Bangor Motor Inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Bangor Pipe & Supply, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Bangor Region Chamber of Commerce . . .27 Bangor Tire Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Bangor Truck & Trailer Sales, Inc. . . . . . . . .56 Bangor Window Shade & Drapery Co. . . . .42 Bartlett Chapel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Bear Brook Kennels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Belfast Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Ben’s Detailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Big House Sound LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Big Jay Tree Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Blue Loon Café . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Bonsey Brothers, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Bowman Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Bowman Mini Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Bradley Redemption Center . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Bragdon’s Woodworking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Brookings-Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Brooks Tire & Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Brown Family Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Brownlee Builders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Bucksport Monuments & Sandblasting . . . .30 Bud’s Shop N’ Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Campbell’s Service Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Candyland Boarding Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Care & Comfort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Care Ridge Estates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Carousel Diversified Services . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Central Maine Maintenance & Builders . . . .60 Children’s Village Child Care Center . . . . . .57 City of Old Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Claudia’s Seafood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Clay Funeral Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Cleonice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Coach House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Coffee Pot Café . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Cold Stream Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Cole Land Transportation Museum . . . . . . . .4 Colonial Health Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Colonial Inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Complete Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Complete Tire Service, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Cote Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Country Junction Greenhouse & Garden . .47 Cox Law Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Craig Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Crandall’s Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Crawford’s Precision Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Crosstrax Neighborhood Deli . . . . . . . . . . .48 Cummings Health Care Facility . . . . . . . . . .20 D & D Paving, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 D.C. Welding & Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Page Business

D.H. Pinnette & Sons, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 D.L.C. Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Dan’s Handyman Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Dave Eaton Water Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 DeLaite’s Trucking, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Designed Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Dexter Lumber Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Dorsey Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Dover True Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Draper’s Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Drinkwater’s Cash Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Drummond Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Duff & Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Dunnett Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 E.H. Downs Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Eagle Arboriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Earth’s Bounty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Eastern Maine Homecare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Ellis’ Greenhouse and Nursery . . . . . . . . . . .58 Ellsworth Chain Saw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Ellsworth Chamber of Commerce . . . . . . . .52 Enfield Citgo & Service Center . . . . . . . . . .21 F.A. Peabody Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Family Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Fort View Variety / Carter’s Citgo . . . . . . . .30 Four Seasons Small Engine Repair . . . . . . . .51 Frank’s Bake Shop & Custom Catering . . . .45 Freightliner of Maine Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Frost Septic & Sons, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 G. Drake Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Galeyrie Maps & Custom Frames . . . . . . . . .5 Gateway Inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Gazebo Sports & Gifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 General Rental Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Gillmor’s Beef N’ Ale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Global Self Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Gordon Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Greenland Cove Campground . . . . . . . . . . .36

Kevin Carmichael Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Kimball Insurance, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 King Bros. General Contractors . . . . . . . . . .21 King’s Appliances & Floor Coverings . . . . .61 Kinney Auto Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 L & J Trucking & Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Lakeview Terrace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Lander & Sons, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Lane Conveyors & Drives, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . .44 LaPierre’s Cleaning Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Leclair Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Lee Historical Society & Museum . . . . . . . .16 Lee J. Bell Site Work & Landscaping . . . . . .48 Leighton’s Stove Shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Lennie’s Superette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Grill Master General’s Catering & Party Service . . .34

Moosehead Marine Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Moosehead Rubbish & Recycling . . . . . . . . .66 Moosehead Trail Home & Hearth . . . . . . . .31 Morall Brake & More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Morrell’s Hardware & Home Center . . . . . .66 Napa Auto & Truck Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Nature’s Creations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Newport Big Stop Family Restaurant . . . . . .49 Newport Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Nicatous Lodge & Camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Nice Twice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Nickerson’s Septic Tank Pumping Service . .60 Nicky’s Cruisin’ Diner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Norm Cookson Realty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 North Brewer Shopping Center . . . . . . . . . .28 North Woods Real Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Northeast Applicators LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Northeast Concrete Specialists Corp. . . . . . .46 Northern Blasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Old Town Archery Center & Pro Shop . . . .22 Owen Gray & Son, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Pamola Motor Lodge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Pangburn’s Family IGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Pat’s Pizza of Orono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Patten Drug Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Pearson Auto Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Penobscot Bay Yacht Exchange . . . . . . . . . .30 Penobscot Developers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Penobscot Marine Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Penobscot Valley Hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Perry O’Brian Attorney at Law . . . . . . . . . . .24

H.C. Haynes, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 H20 Well Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Hammond Lumber Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Happy Tails Boarding Kennel . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Harold’s Transmission Repairs, Inc. . . . . . . .23 Harris Drug Store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Hartt Transportation Systems, Inc. . . . . . . . .39 Hermon Meadow Golf Club . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Highlands Tavern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Hobnobbers Pub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Houlton Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Houston-Brooks Auctioneers . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 J.D. Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 J.M. Brown Construction General Contractor . . . .43

Jackman Hardware & Sporting Goods . . . . . .8 Jack’s Air Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Jay’s Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 JDL Towing & Salvage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Jerry’s Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Jerry’s Shurfine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Jimmy’s Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 John R. Crooker Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Johnson Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Jones Custom Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 JSL Metal Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 K & K Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 K.C. Custom Lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Katahdin Area Chamber of Commerce . . . . .9 Katahdin Cruises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Katahdin Shadows Campground & Cabins . . .35

Lincoln Lakes Region Chamber of Commerce . . .20

Lincoln Maine Federal Credit Union . . . . . .37 Lindsey Foundations Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Lougee & Frederick’s Florist . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 M.J. Construction, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Magoon Realty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Magoon’s Transportation & Energy, Inc. . . .51 Maine Collision Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Maine Energy, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Maine Highlands Federal Credit Union . . . . .7 Maine Historical Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Maine House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Maine’s Own Treats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Maynard’s In Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Mayo Regional Hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Michael’s Plumbing, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Milford Motel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Millinocket Fabrication & Machine, Inc. . . . .9 Millmark Products Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Mitchell - Tweedie Funeral Home . . . . . . . .29 Moose Point Camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Moosehead Building, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Moosehead Lake Region Chamber of Commerce .65

Discover Maine

Page

Piscataquis Chamber of Commerce . . . . . . .63 Pleasant River Lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Plumbline Carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Poirier’s Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Polar Air Inc. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning . . .60

Possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Pri Steen Builders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 R.A. Thomas Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. . . . .7 Raymond’s Variety & Diner . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Rick’s Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Rideout’s Seasonal Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 R N ’K Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Robbins Auto & Truck Repair . . . . . . . . . . .57 Robin A. Crawford & Son . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Rockwell Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Roger’s Plumbing & Heating . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Rustic Rail Fence Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Sandman Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Seamans Electrical Services . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Sebasticook Valley Chamber of Commerce 61 Shorey Oil Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Smart’s True Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Smith’s Grocery & Lunch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Smitty’s Welding, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Sockalexis Bingo Palace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Solartechnic Contractors, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . .57 South Branch Lake Camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Stairs Welding R.L., Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Stardust Motel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Steinke & Caruso Dental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Stewart’s Wrecker Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Stone’s Earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Sullivan’s Wrecker Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Swett’s Tire & Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Swift Carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 T & S Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 T&W Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Tate Brook Timber Co., Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 The Appalachian Trail Lodge & Café . . . . . .10 The Covered Bridge Motel/Riverside Restaurant . .32

The Holmes Agency Insurance . . . . . . . . . .30 The Lincoln House Motel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 The Pampered Chef/Lois Bloomer . . . . . . .56 The Pioneer Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 The Plymouth Village Store . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 The Salvation Army Thrift Store . . . . . . . . .36 The Tax Clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Thistle’s Restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Thomas W. Duff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Thompson’s Hardware, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Timbers Restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Town of Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Tucker Auto Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Tuffy Bear Discount Furniture . . . . . . . . . . .68 Two Falls Camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Two Rivers Canoe & Tackle . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Vacationland Estates Resorts . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Visions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Whitten’s 2-Way Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Willard S. Hanington & Son, Inc. . . . . . . . . . .5 Wing Wah Restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Winn Service Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Witham’s Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 WKIT/The Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Yates Lumber & Trucking, Inc. . . . . . . . . . .16 York’s of Houlton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Young’s Funeral Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Penobscot - Piscataquis - Greater Bangor Region

Old Town, Maine the city of

Welcome to canoe city, Home of Old Town canoe

ciTy Manager Phone 207-827-3965 Fax 207-827-3966 265 Main Street Old Town, Maine 04468

ciTy OF OlD TOWn economic Development

Proud Heritage • new ideas

www.old-town.org Made in the U.S.A.

938 Pushaw Road, Glenburn • www.tuffybear.com 207.947.6600

In-StoreFinancing Available Store Hours: Mon-Fri: 9am - 6pm Sat: 9am - 5pm • Sun: 11am - 4pm