Greater Bangor Edition by Discover Maine Magazine

DISCOVER

MAINE Volume 8, Issue 8

Maineâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s History Magazine Greater Bangor Region

Free 2012

www.discovermainemagazine.com Frederick Low: Yosemiteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Savior Governor of California was from Frankfort

The Saga Of Molly Spotted Elk Penobscot from Indian Island found success as an actress and author

Nine Snowmobilers Rode Into Maine History In 1961 Difficult terrain and conditions made for a dangerous trip

2 4 7 10 14 17 19 21 23 26 29 35 38 40 42 44 47 49 51 53 55

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— Greater Bangor Region —

~ Inside This Edition ~

Wilson Goes Missing In Piscataquis County Town and waterfall bearing the Wilson name disappear Ian MacKinnon Yodelin’ Slim Clark: Downeast Country Western Star St. Albans resident became a legend Matthew Jude Barker Frederick Freeman Proctor Dexter’s pioneer of American vaudeville James Nalley Trenton’s John Bunker And The Great War Ellsworth lawyer organized Maine’s home front Charles Francis Frederick Low: Yosemite’s Savior Governor of California was from Frankfort Charles Francis Penobscot Bay’s Marine Museum And Fort Point Lighthouse James Nalley The Trim Triple Murder In Bucksport Father and daughter dead, child missing in 1876 James Nalley Memorable Encounters Amelia Earhart and the stowaway from Corinna Charles Francis Edith Lesley Founds A School A pioneer in early childhood education Charles Francis Nine Snowmobilers Rode Into Maine History In 1961 Difficult terrain and conditions made for a dangerous trip Ian MacKinnon A Pacifist’s Delusions Hampden-born diplomat was duped Charles Francis William H. Grady The unknown Irish-American historian of Bangor Matthew Jude Barker Bangor Lawyer Brian J. Dunn The poet laureate of the brickyard Matthew Jude Barker Damming The West Branch Ripogenus Dam, great wonder of the north woods Charles Francis Sangerville’s Harry Oakes... ...and his mysterious connection with the Duke of Windsor Charles Francis Early Birders Of The Appalachian Trail Principles of birds’ coloring led to development of camouflage design Charles Francis The Attempted Train Robbery At Enfield Station Bandits escaped, but empty-handed James Nalley The Saga Of Molly Spotted Elk Penobscot from Indian Island found success as an actress and author Charles Francis The 1927 Double Murder And Suicide In West Orono Drunken jealousy to blame Charles Francis Directory Of Advertisers See who helps us bring Maine history to you!

Discover Maine Magazine Greater Bangor Region Published Annually by CreMark, Inc. 10 Exchange Street, Suite 208 Portland, Maine 04101 (207) 874-7720 info@discovermainemagazine.com

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SubSCRIPTION FORM ON PAgE 55

Front cover photo: Springer’s boarding House, Wytopitlock from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org All photos in Discover Maine’s Greater Bangor edition show Maine as it used to be, and many are from local citizens who love this part of Maine. Photos are also provided from our collaboration with the Maine Historical Society and the Penobscot Marine Museum.

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Notes From The Fayette Ridge by Michele Farrar

ecently I have been reminded of the quirks of living in a rural area. Out in the woods, to be exact. The town road that leads to my house starts out as paved, then turns to dirt. It dead-ends half a mile past my house. There are no streetlights. If you plug my address into your GPS, you “can’t get there from here.” GPS insists that my road does not dead-end. That may have been true 50 years ago, but it’s not true now. Most people accept this explanation when I give it to them. Others do not. These are the people who swear by GPS. It is, after all, relatively new technology, and therefore can’t be wrong. These are the people who will drive into a lake if their GPS tells them to do so. These are also the people who will inevitably call me from ten miles away to say they are lost. My old friend Bob, who lives up here on the ridge, is not one for modern technology. He fights it every step of the way. He has a cell phone because his adult kids got it for him. He has a computer with internet for the same reason. He grew to love this when he realized he could order hardto-find fishing gear and have it delivered straight to his house. That is, once the local drivers caught on

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to the fact that they couldn’t use their GPS devices to find his house. I never overheard any of these conversations, but I can imagine how they went. Bob would say something like, “I don’t care what your GPS says, I am quite certain I know how to get to my own house. If you still can’t figure it out, use a map.” This summer we had Hurricane Irene. In her wake, we were without power for four days. Power outages on the ridge aren’t unexpected, and most of us know how to deal with it surprisingly well. Since we all have wells for our water supply, we know that if we don’t have power, we don’t have water. (Electric pumps get the water from the well to the house.) When a storm is predicted, we fill our bathtubs so we have water to flush the toilets. We fill jugs with water for coffee, drinking and washing. (I have a camping coffee pot that I use on my gas stove. It makes great coffee.) We have ample candle and flashlight supplies, and most of us have woodstoves for heat. (During the ice storm of ’98 we lost power for 12 days and stayed here the entire time, except for the occasional trip to a friend’s house for laundry and a shower.) Irene threw us a curve ball because it was summer. This time we had to worry about food in our freezers – something that’s not a big concern in the winter.

Since the arrival of Irene was predicted, we had time to take extra precautionary steps. There were all kinds of strategies explained on TV. My particular favorite was to fill plastic water bottles and shove them into every nook and cranny of my freezer before the power went out. When it did go out, I had a freezer full of block ice thanks to the bottles. They kept the inside nice and cold, and I didn’t lose any of my frozen food. (The refrigerator, however, did not fare so well.) The only thing that’s really hard to overcome is the boredom. You can only play so many games of cribbage. I read an entire novel in the first two days. On the third day, around 6pm, boredom got the best of us and we went to a motel, dogs in tow. The shower was the best part of that night. Since my road is a dead-end road we invariably find ourselves last on the list for restoration of power. Most folks who live up here on the ridge have generators. I know I should get one, but there’s always something standing in the way, like the electric bill or that pesky mortgage payment. Bob doesn’t have a generator. He doesn’t call it “modern technology,” but rather a frivolous purchase. Until his kids get him one, I don’t expect to see one at his house. It’s too bad, really. It would be a lot cheaper to stay at his place than at a motel.

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Wilson Goes Missing In Piscataquis County Town and waterfall bearing the Wilson name disappear by Ian MacKinnon

f Tom Hanks had filmed the movie “Cast Away” in Piscataquis County, he could have searched from Greenville to Milo and never found Wilson — not the volleyball, but the town of that name and an 80-foot waterfall. To encourage settlement in remote Somerset County during the 1830s, the Maine Legislature created towns willy-nilly, with little thought as to a particular municipality’s economic and political viability. On February 19, 1835, the Legislature incorporated the Town of Elliottsville, originally Township 8 in Range 9 NWP (North of the Waldo Patent). Named for Elliot Vaughan, Elliottsville lay across the hills, lakes, and mountains spreading north from Monson. On March 29, 1836 the Legislature incorporated the Town of Wilson, Elliottsville’s next-door western neighbor, and formerly Township 9 in Range 8 NWP. Like Elliottsville, Wilson sprawled across rugged terrain drained by two appropriately named waterways — Big Wilson Stream and Little

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Wilson Stream. Legislative hocus-pocus then carved Piscataquis County from Penobscot and Somerset Counties on March 23, 1838, and Elliottsville and Wilson “shifted” political allegiances to the new county. Local residents — not many then, as now — logged the forests and struggled to create economic prosperity where none had existed. Extending northwest from Monson “to Moose Head Lake,” the State Road rose through the Wilson hills and forests before descending toward Greenville, incorporated on February 6, 1836. Wintertime cold and springtime snow melt and rains often disrupted travel along the road, used primarily by merchants and travelers. The road apparently represented a money pit. On February 25, 1839 the Legislature appropriated $600 “for the purpose of repairing the State Road from the dwelling house of H.G.O. Barrows, in the town of Wilson to Moose Head Lake” and authorized the governor “to appoint an agent to superintend the expenditure of said money.” The State Road ran west alongside Little Wilson Stream, a route followed by a gravel road that today accesses Maine Forest Service campsites near the stream’s lower falls. In the 19th century a sawmill known as Savage’s Mill existed upstream from the modern camp sites, and the State Road crossed Little Wilson Stream at a ford before rising into the adjacent hills. According to www.keepmebeautiful.com, the 8,700-acre Big Wilson-Seven Ponds Sanctuary protects “evidence of early settlement in Elliottsville Township, including the

remains of Savage’s Mill, established by Nelson Savage in 1824, and the old stage road (State Road) between Monson and Greenville.” The Savage’s Mill Road, which served as the State Road in the 19th century, can still be found not far beyond the Lower Falls on Little Wilson Stream. Writing in his 1886 “A Gazetteer of the State of Maine,” George J. Varney mentioned “good mill privileges” on Little Wilson Stream and then revealed information startling in its 21st-century context. Upstream from the potential mill sites was “one of the most remarkable cataracts of the east… a fall of 80 feet perpendicular.” An 80-foot cataract waterfall — common sense would dictate that this natural wonder impeded water-borne transportation in Wilson. Yet someone — perhaps Nelson Savage, perhaps another individual — attempted to “run the rapids” with wood products intended for transportation to the Piscataquis River. Varney indicated that “clapboard cuts have sometimes been driven over this fall, but many of them would come up in the stream below, split and quartered from end to end.” The 80foot waterfall destroyed whatever swept over its rim and discouraged upstream mill construction. Why does Varney’s waterfall reference surprise 21st-century Mainers? Because that 80-foot cataract went missing years ago, as did the Town of Wilson. Delving deeper in Varney’s gazetteer suggests what likely happened to Wilson. Although referring to Elliottsville, Varney could have also described Wilson: “The township still has a fair amount of pine and

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spruce timber, and some good agricultural soil; but there is much waste land.” He aptly described the challenges awaiting Wilson residents 50 years earlier. They tried — oh, they tried so hard — to create a viable town, but the poor soil, rugged terrain, and bone-chilling winters defeated their efforts. In 1848 the Maine Legislature dissolved the Town of Wilson, and land-hungry neighbors pounced. Greenville got “North” Wilson, and Elliottsville got “East” Wilson,” including Little Wilson Stream and its attendant falls. Varney’s Gazetteer succinctly reported that Shirley “is made up partly of the disintegrated town of Wilson” — Shirley got “West” Wilson, stretching essentially from today’s Route 15 east to the Elliottsville line. So Wilson went missing in Piscataquis County. And Elliottsville reverted from town to township in 1858. What about that missing 80-foot perpendicular waterfall? By its August 1937 completion “as a continuous footpath” (www.appalachiantrail.org), the Appalachian Trail wound through interior Maine to terminate at Mount Katahdin. Today, a trail head on Route 15 in Monson marks the entrance to the 100-Mile Wilderness, an incredibly rugged multi-day A.T. journey

through the remote Piscataquis County forests to the Abol Bridge on the Penobscot River’s West Bridge. The Appalachian Trail crosses Little Wilson Stream in a deep ravine about 0.9 miles upriver from the M.F.S. camp sites. This crossing lay near the 80-foot perpendicular waterfall, supposedly “the highest waterfall directly on the Appalachian Trail.” Some early hikers allude to the fall’s unusual height, but by the 1960s or 1970s, that height had declined by 23 feet, a loss attributable to either flooding or a minor earthquake. On October 3, 2006 a magnitude 3.4 earthquake occurred in Frenchman Bay, just off Bar Harbor, and visibly scarred Champlain Mountain’s eastern slope with a large landslide. A similar earthquake could have sheared the Little Wilson Stream waterfall to 57 feet. This height’s significance lies in its occasional confusion with the upper falls on Little Wilson Stream. Various hiking and waterfall guides have listed the height of this scenic waterfall, which tumbles into a dark slate gorge, as 57 feet; the actual height is 39 feet, and hikers standing on the gorge’s broken shelves can sense that Little Wilson Falls (modern name) drops no 55 to 60 feet. The Appalachian Trail brushes against these falls.

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Today, hikers can search between Little Wilson Falls and the downstream M.F.S. camp sites and find no 57-foot waterfall, which in its heyday also mentioned “Wilson” in its name. Mother Nature apparently swept away this waterfall during the epic April 1987 flood that devastated towns along the various Piscataquis County rivers. Could a rampaging Little Wilson Stream actually annihilate a 57-foot waterfall? Geological and hydrological evidence indicate that a perpendicular waterfall, such as Niagara Falls, “undercuts” its own stability. The water plunging directly over the waterfall’s edge erodes the underlying bedrock, causing its occasionalcollapse and the waterfall’s slow “retreat”upstream. Such activity likely occurred at the 57-foot waterfall — the April 1987 flood hastened the process and obliterated the falls, roiling its bedrock and upstream pool downriver along the Little Wilson Stream. Local hikers found the waterfall “missing” later that spring. No one knew exactly why this particular waterfall disappeared, while the upstream 39foot falls did not, but as had happened in 1848, another Wilson had gone missing in Piscataquis County.

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Yodelin’ Slim Clark: Downeast Country Western Star by Matthew Jude Barker

St. Albans resident became a legend

aymond leroy clark was an american country western musician most noted for his yodeling. a Maine resident for more than fifty years, clark is best known to generations of country music lovers as Yodelin’ Slim clark. clark was born in Springfield, Massachusetts in december 1917 and had only completed two years of high school when he became a professional musician at the age of fifteen. He had previously performed at church fairs and grange halls since the age of twelve. at the age of seven or eight, he had decided to become a cowboy singer, and by age thirteen he was singing songs he had learned listening to the victrola, an old phonograph player. raymond clark knew all along that he would become a singer and an artist; in the 1980s he fondly recalled his early ambition: “i said, i’ll do those things, and believed it. So much so that i just went ahead and did

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(Continued on page 8)

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for several years before going on the air as “wyoming Buck” in 1936. a few months later a radio station manager renamed him “Yodelin’ Slim clark,” and that became his trademark name for the rest of his long life. although Slim usually performed solo acts, he did play in several bands: “red river rangers,” “the trailriders,” and “the trailsmen.” country western favorites dick curless (“the tumbleweed Kid”) and Kenny roberts often performed with him in these groups. in 1946 clark signed with continental records in new York city, and made his first 78 rpm recording later that year. His songs included folk tunes, westerns, and traditional cowboy airs. clark also recorded some wilf carter (“Montana Slim”) songs; wilf was his hero throughout his life. together with Pete roy, clark also composed some of his own music, which later became hits in their own right. He

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(Continued from page 7)

stayed with continental records until 1957, and then signed with various labels until 1965, when he had several successful albums with Palomino records. clark had summered for seven years in Maine before becoming a year-round resident in 1952. From that year until 1967, he was featured on radio and television programs at waBi in Bangor. in the 1960s, he also starred on a Bangor radio show called “rFd dinnerbell.” a lifelong outdoorsman, clark was a registered guide in Maine for 17 years, as well as a guide in the other new england states. Yodelin’ Slim recorded over fifty 78s, forty 45s, and at least 25 albums. His music was enjoyed by listeners throughout the U.S., canada, australia, and even europe. clark was inducted into the Yodeler’s Hall of Fame, the western Music association’s Hall of Fame, and the country music halls of fame for Maine, Massachusetts, and rhode island. He is represented in the walkway of Stars at the country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in nashville, and in 2000 he was posthumously inducted into the cow-

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boy Hall of Fame. Slim was a man of many talents. He was an avid baseball player in his youth, having been a semi-pro pitcher for the Blackstone

valley league in Massachusetts, and even tried out as a pitcher for the Boston Braves. one of his childhood ambitions was to become an artist, and this he also accom-

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plished, becoming a talented painter of outdoors scenes. Slim painted anything and everything related to the good ol’ days of the new england outdoors, including log haulers, white-tailed deer (one of his favorites), old country homes and farms, pets, hunting and fishing scenes, and the “horse and drag days” of new england. clark was twice married, first to celia Jo roberson (“Blue eyed celia”), by which he had two children, Jewel laverne and wilf carter clark; and then to dr. Kathleen Pigeon. this great country legend from Maine and new england died at his St. albans, Maine home in July 2000 at the age of 82. His widow Kathleen still resides there. His daughter Jewel has created an interesting and informative website for her dad that includes an autobiography clark was working on in the 1980s, as well as covers of his music albums and prints of his artwork. Yodelin’ Slim clark’s life and times would make a great biography — it seems that it is long overdue. Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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Frederick Freeman Proctor Dexter’s pioneer of American vaudeville by James Nalley

n 1870 a young man under the stage name of “Fred Levantine,” ran out on stage and performed the usual “death-defying” routines as part of an acrobatic troupe. The group had just returned from a successful tour of Europe and began a trip through the more rowdy theatres of the eastern United States, which served alcohol and offered less wholesome shows. As the members of the troupe imbibed and enjoyed the fruits of their labors, “Fred” slowly saved his earnings. By 1886 he had taken his savings and purchased his share of a small theater in Albany, New York. Within four years, he owned 12 theaters that discontinued alcohol service and provided a continuous schedule of wholesome family entertainment. By the time of his death, he was known as the “Dean of American Vaudeville.” “Fred Levantine” was actually Frederick Freeman Proctor, who was born in the town of Dexter on March 17, 1851. His childhood was spent working and supporting the family due to his father’s untimely death. But after high school, when most of his classmates either found work in the family business or headed to college, Proctor yearned for traveling the world and joined an acrobatic troupe headed for Europe. As he experienced and observed the “theater life,” Proctor was disturbed by the raucous and unwholesome audience attitude due to the service of alcohol. Being a frugal teetotaler, Proctor slowly saved his money with the plans of opening his own theater for a dif-

seamans

One of Proctor’s Theatres. (Photo by Matt Wade) ferent clientele. In 1886 Proctor invested his savings into a small theater in Albany, and it was billed as a “clean and wholesome familyoriented” theater that did not serve alcohol. Word spread quickly about this new type of theater and by 1890, Proctor and his partner, Henry Jacobs, owned 12 top-quality vaudeville theaters. After his business relationship with Jacobs ended, Proctor headed to New York City to take over the venture. He quickly acquired an impressive list of theaters that included the 23rd Street Theatre and Proctor’s Pleasure Palace in New York City. In 1894 he devoted

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all of his energy to vaudeville entertainment, and ultimately owned 25 different theaters throughout the eastern United States by 1906. One theater in particular exemplified the type of design that Proctor had become known for: the Newark Theatre at 116 Market Street. According to historian Warren Harris: The eight-story complex had a large 2,300-seat theater at ground level and a smaller theatre of about 900 seats occupying the top four floors beneath the roof. This fairly narrow building contained only the lobby of the larger theatre, which had its auditorium behind it. But the main theatre, with its cavernous two balconies, was always one of Newark’s leaders. By the first decade of the 20th century, Proctor’s vaudeville theaters were packed with enthusiastic crowds who came to watch the variety of acts that were offered from morning to night. His entertainment formula had worked, and Proctor had amassed a fortune. In 1912 he purchased approximately 1,150 acres of land near the Hudson River in Central Valley, New York. The grand estate was titled “Proctoria” and it consisted of five large residences, a variety of barns, and an impressive gatehouse that marked the entrance. Meanwhile, more grand vaudeville theaters were being built that included the massive “Proctor’s Theatre” in Schenectady, New York. Designed by his architect, Thomas Lamb, the theater was completed in 1926 at an unheard of sum of $1.5 million. Proctor called his new theater “The largest, handsomest and most costly theater that I have

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— Greater Bangor Region —

ever built.” According to the History of the Proctor Theatre: On Dec. 27, 1926 Proctor’s Theatre opened with a showing of “Stranded in Paris,” a silent film starring Bebe Daniels. People had lined up for hours, and once inside the theater, they were overwhelmed by the ornate decorations — plush carpeting, marble staircases, drinking fountains, and velvet draperies. Enthralled patrons didn’t even seem to mind that the $50,000 Wurlitzer organ malfunctioned. Over 7,100 paid admission was collected that day, making F.F. Proctor’s new vaudeville house a rousing success. The theater would go on as one of Proctor’s primary theaters, with an impressive list of legendary performers that included Red Skelton, George Burns and Gracie Allen, as well as bandleaders Duke Ellington and Glenn Miller. In 1929 Proctor had become ill, and sold the majority of his theaters to the RadioKeith-Orpheum (RKO) Company for the amount of $16 million, just months before his death on September 24 at the age of 78. The changes would have both a positive and negative effect that would be felt throughout the theater chain. Many venues, including Proctor’s Theatre in Schenectady, thrived as the movies and Big Band Era brought record

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numbers of people out to the theaters. Others were not so fortunate. According to historian Harris: When all of F.F. Proctor’s theatres were acquired by Radio-Keith-Orpheum, (the Newark Theatre) became known as RKO Proctor’s. The theatre eventually fell victim to the urban decline of Newark, and to RKO’s merger with Stanley-Warner, which operated nearby and larger Branford. The new management decided to close Proctor’s and it has been standing more or less derelict ever since. Meanwhile, the “Proctoria” estate was divided and put up for sale, only to be finally acquired by the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. All of the former grand structures of the residence were destroyed except for the gatehouse and small carriage house. The lands are now used for both military maneuvers and parachute training. After World War II television had become increasingly popular and widely available in households throughout the country, which greatly impacted the movie industry. All of the former movie houses struggled to stay in business. Even an icon as strong as Proctor’s Theatre struggled. By the 1970s, the Theatre was taken over by the city, and closed for unpaid taxes. Proctor’s seemed destined to go the way of so many of its other theaters — destroyed by the wrecking ball. Fortunately, a group of

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citizens formed the Arts Center and Theatre of Schenectady organization, and purchased the abandoned theater from the city for just $1 in 1979. Today, after continued support from the community, businesses, and sponsors, Proctor’s Theatre still thrives in its original location. It offers a wide array of shows that range from concerts by performers such as Tony Bennett and Mariah Carey, to Broadway productions that include “The Phantom of the Opera.” Although the theater has now adjusted to the needs of the times by having just one performance per evening, it is fun to imagine what it must have been like to have a constant stream of performances back in the turn of the century. Perhaps it was best stated in an 1893 advertisement: “After breakfast go to Proctor’s; after Proctor’s go to bed!” 

Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Mt. Waldo Granite Co., Frankfort. Item #113889 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Dancing Pavilion at Penobscot Park, Searsport. Item #111378 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Trenton’s John Bunker And The Great War Ellsworth lawyer organized Maine’s home front by Charles Francis

robably no region in Maine realized the immediate significance of America’s entry into World War I, or the Great War, as it was first known, than Hancock County. The reason for this was that John E. Bunker, a Hancock County man, was in charge of Maine’s home front defenses. What this meant was that Bunker had the ultimate responsibility to see that every Maine village, town and city had an established system for dealing with any civil emergency, and, beyond that, the possible incursion of German saboteurs. The United States entered the war on April 2, 1917, when President Woodrow Wilson appeared before both houses of Congress and solemnly charged the German nation with having forced him to ask the Congress of the United States to declare war against it. When Congress acted in the affirmative on the President’s request, the news flashed across the country so fast that the air was almost electric

with tension (the actual declaration of war occurred five days later on April 7). On the morning following President Wilson’s address to Congress, Governor Carl Milliken gave his war address to a joint session of the Maine Legislature, which was on the point of adjourning for the summer. In his address, Governor Milliken called upon the Maine Legislature to give him and his Council the funding and authority necessary for enacting defensive measures on the home front. This included issuing bonds to the amount of a million dollars. The Governor concluded his address with the following words: Our little state has a role in the coming conflict far out of proportion to her size. Our rocky shores look out upon the broad Atlantic, once the highway of peaceful commerce, now the path of the ruthless invader. The Legislature granted Governor Milliken’s bond request, and put into form a num-

ber of other emergency war measures. These measures included sheriffs being authorized to appoint special deputies, the governor being empowered to take any land in the name of the state for military uses, and municipal authorities being required to raise money for the aid of families of soldiers, sailors and marines while in military service. Ultimately, the responsibility for overseeing these measures, and a good many more, fell to John Bunker. John Bunker was a Trenton native and a lawyer. When the United States entered the Great War, Bunker was practicing law in Bar Harbor. He had prepared for the Maine Bar by reading for the law in the offices of Wiswall, King and Peters in Ellsworth. His education had included Eastern Maine Conference Seminary in Bucksport, and Boston University. He had been active in almost all levels of Hancock County politics, and had been Maine’s Secretary of State in 1915, when Oakley Curtis, one of the few Democrats to

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— Greater Bangor Region —

be elected to a high state office in the first half of the twentieth century, had been Governor, In fact, Baker was a Democrat. This did not, however, prevent Republican Governor Milliken from placing Bunker in charge of Maine’s home front security. John Bunker had actually been appointed to his position in March of 1917, when Governor Milliken had created a Committee of Public Safety. This Committee had consisted of one hundred members scattered across the state. Bunker’s official title was Executive Secretary of the Maine Committee of Public Safety. As such, every request and directive pertaining to home front security in Maine passed across Bunker’s desk. The creation of the Maine Committee of Public Safety was actually a reflection of the times. As fighting spread in Europe, Maine residents became aware of the magnitude of the conflict. As more and more reports came in from Europe, a martial fervor swept through the entire state. Young Maine men began joining the national Guard as well as the regular military, especially when reports of John J. Pershing’s pursuit of the Mexican bandit Pancho Villa began appearing in the pages of the local papers. What was especially exciting to Maine residents was that some of their

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own were serving under Pershing. The Second Infantry Regiment of the Maine National Guard had been called into federal service when trouble had started along the Mexican border, and many Mainers had someone they knew in the Second Maine. Then, as the conflict in Europe progressed, Mainers became aware of the fact that hostilities could actually occur nearer to home. At the beginning of the conflict, Maine received the special attention of German and Austrian spies and agents. The chief reason for this was the state’s proximity to Canada, whose produce was of vital importance to England, and passed through Maine on the Canadian Pacific to Canada’s Atlantic ports and on the Grand Trunk, which connected Montreal with Portland. During 1914 and 1915, the German and Austrian embassies in Washington conducted espionage campaigns concentrating on the Maine border with Quebec and New Brunswick. German submarines dropped agents along the Maine coast. Others came into the United States posing as businessmen and diplomats, only to disappear. Warehouses in port cities like Boston and New York, which held supplies purportedly bound for neutral nations friendly to England and France, were bombed. Then an attempt was

made to blow up the International Bridge over which the Canadian Pacific passed in Vanceboro. While the saboteurs were captured, it served as a lesson for all of Maine, and led to a significant number of Maine men wishing to fight the Germans, volunteering for the Canadian army. It also led to the creation of the Committee of Public Safety to organize protection at the local level across the state. Possibly the most important organization formed during the Great war to deal with Home Front security was the Maine Home Guard. It came into existence to serve in place of the Maine National Guard. The Second Maine Infantry of the Maine National Guard was ordered to mobilize at Augusta in August of 1917. On August 19 the regiment left for Westfield, Massachusetts, where it joined other New England National Guard units for further training. Here it became the 103rd Regiment of the 26th Division. Its departure left Maine without any organization to deal with such natural catastrophes as flood and storm damage, a responsibility which also fell to the Committee of Public Safety. Without question, the most serious threat to face Maine arising out of the Great War was the outbreak of the Spanish Influenza. Almost

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— Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 15)

every Maine community was affected by it, as military personnel carrying the dreaded disease came to one of the state’s many military installations. Dealing with it in terms of organizing the state’s fledgling, and much-depleted public health services ultimately fell to the Committee of Public Safety, In May of 1919 the 103rd Regiment was discharged from active duty at Fort Devens in Massachusetts. Its men made their way home by train. With its return, Maine again had its National Guard. Shortly after that, the Maine Committee of Public Safety was relegated to the pages of history. John Bunker did not live to see the return of the Maine men and women who answered the call to duty, however. He passed away in August of 1918. Prior to his passing, he had been one of the driving forces behind the creation of the Public Utilities Commission, as well as its chairman. His story is a remarkable on of dedication and service to Maine.

Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

Union River, Ellsworth. Item #100694 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

For All Your Welding Needs In-Shop or Portable Earthwork & Septic Systems Gordon Brewer - President Chuck Rayner - Shop Manager

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— Greater Bangor Region —

he history books tell us that the creation of Yosemite National Park was a landmark event. Never before had a national government — or any state government — set aside land for the simple fact it was beautiful. Simply put, prior to the creation of Yosemite as the prototype of the world’s national park systems, the preservation of land for future generations by government was unheard of and unknown. There are certain names that will always be associated with Yosemite. John Muir, environmental preservationist, is one. Muir’s writing and activism was fundamental in establishing the guidelines under which Yosemite and other national parks are managed. Frederick Law Olmsted, the landscape designer who created Central Park, is another. It was Olmsted who, along with Israel W. Raymond, an important San Serving you for 15 years

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name was Frederick Low. The name Frederick Low is not unknown to the history books. However, Low’s role in the preservation of Yosemite is usually overlooked. Low played his part in preserving Yosemite in 1864, when he was Governor of California. The bill to preserve Yosemite was introduced to Congress by California Senator John Conness. The bill’s purpose was “to prevent occupation and especially to preserve the trees” of Yosemite. Congress was to grant Yosemite to the state of California. However, there was opposition to preserving Yosemite in California. Private developers and timber companies wanted free access to exploit its natural wonders and especially its timber. It was Governor Low who saved the day. Before real estate and timber lobbyists had

Frederick Low: Yosemite’s Savior

Governor of California was from frankfort by Charles francis Francisco businessman, petitioned Congress for a bill to preserve Yosemite. Then there is Abraham Lincoln. President Lincoln signed the Yosemite legislation. The fight to preserve Yosemite as a national treasure does not end with President Lincoln’s signature on the Congressional bill. The next step in protecting Yosemite for all time falls to a man from Frankfort, Maine. That man’s

(Continued on page 18)

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— Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 17)

time to influence the California legislature, Frederick Low issued a proclamation citing Congress’s act. The proclamation set up a commission to implement the act. In part, this meant getting the California legislature to accept the federal grant. The commission members chosen by Governor Low were such that acceptance of the grant by the legislature was almost assured. Olmsted and Raymond were on it. Other members were equally influential. Governor Low was a commission member ex officio. The struggle over Yosemite did not end until 1873. That year the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a decision of the California Supreme Court supporting the legality of the process leading to the preservation of Yosemite. It needs to be noted that Yosemite was first a state park. Its creation as such was the start of California’s system of state parks, the first such system anywhere. Not until later did it become a national park. So exactly who was Frederick Low and how was it that a Frankfort, Maine man came to play such an important role in the creation of federal and state park systems? Frederick Low was a ‘49er. He was one of the almost countless number of easterners

who answered the siren call of the California gold fields. And he found gold. Not a fortune, but enough to put himself in a position to set himself up in business. He prospered, entered politics as a Republican, was elected to Congress, and then to the California Governor’s mansion. Frederick Ferdinand Low was born in 1828 in that part of Frankfort which was later set off to become Winterport. He was a member of the Low family that settled what is known as the River District after the Revolution. The Lows came from Marshfield, Massachusetts and settled towns up and down the Penobscot from Stockton to Hampden and inland to Monroe and Brooks. After attending Hampden Academy Frederick Low headed for the Boston area, where he studied business at Lowell Institute and attended lectures at Boston’s famous Fanueil Hall. It was there that he heard of the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill. Frederick Low panned some $1500 worth of gold from tributaries of the Sacramento River. He then invested his “strike” in a fledgling steamship company, the California Steam Navigation Company, a river navigation company serving inland boom towns. He went on to found a bank. In 1862 he served a term as

a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. The next year he was elected Governor. Leland Stanford handpicked him as his successor. As Governor, Frederick Low can truly be said to fit the description of enlightened and progressive. Besides his support of the creation of California’s system of state parks, Low is sometimes credited with the creation of the state’s university system. Some sources call him the father of the University of California. Frederick Low’s career doesn’t end in California. From 1869 to 1873 he served as U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Quig Empire. In today’s terminology, this means he was Ambassador to China. Frederick Low died in 1894. His life story is a remarkable one, one that would seem to be connected by rivers, whether they be the Penobscot of Maine, the Charles of Boston, the Sacramento of California or the Yellow of China. Perhaps sometime in the future a biographer will use these rivers as a theme in writing Frederick Low’s life story. His is a life well worth exploring.

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Penobscot Bay’s Marine Museum And Fort Point Lighthouse by James Nalley

n February 1886 a young man named Edwin Mitchell was making his first voyage as a sailor. He diligently recorded his observations in a journal that included highlights as well as more mundane chores: All hands turned to this morning at four o’clock to get the Ship ready to haul into the stream…at five a tug came and towed us into the stream where we lay until about one o’clock p.m. when two tugs came and towed us to sea…it has been cloudy all day. Tonight the Officers chose their watches I being chosen in the Starboard watch…

Another entry showed both his concern and sense of humor: “Last night one of the sailors was taken sick with the fever and ague… I have also this day made up my mind to leave off using tobacco.” This detailed journal is just one preserved example of Penobscot Bay’s role in the shipping trade of the 19th century. Today, both the informative Penobscot Marine Museum and the historic Fort Point Lighthouse are important destinations for anyone interested in coastal Maine’s marine history.

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Founded in 1936 by the descendants of Penobscot Bay’s sea captains, the Penobscot Marine Museum originally began in the former Town Hall in Searsport. As stated in the museum’s mission, its purpose was to “preserve, interpret, and celebrate the maritime culture of the Penobscot Bay Region and beyond through collections, education, and community engagement.” In its relatively short history, the museum has grown substantially, and it now consists of 13 different buildings that include eight registered historic structures such as the houses of former sea captains, a church vestry, and barns. The best aspect of the museum is that all of the buildings are located in their original locations and have been authentically recreated to provide the feeling of walking in a 19th-century seaport village. It also includes a wide array of exhibits in seven different areas of interest: Small Craft (working and recreational boats such as a Beals Island lobster boat and a North Haven dinghy); Marine Art (with paintings by Thomas and James Buttersworth as well as Robert Salmon); Furniture (domestic and foreign); Tools (used by Penobscot Bay’s loggers, ship builders and farmers); Ship Models; Scrimshaw (inscribed and painted whales’ (Continued on page 20)

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— Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 19)

teeth and other ivory objects); and Photography (with more than 100,000 items). This impressive museum is open seven days a week from late May to approximately the third week of October. Located on a remote overlook on the western side of the Penobscot River in Stockton Springs is the historic Fort Point Lighthouse. As Maine’s lumber and potato industry rapidly expanded, vessels that traveled between Stockton Springs and Bangor were in desperate need of a lighthouse to safely guide the ships along the Penobscot River. According to the Lighthouse Friends Organization: “ O n June 30, 1834, Congress appropriated $5,000 to enable the Secretary of the Treasure to provide, by contract, for building a lighthouse on a proper site on Fort Point, at the entrance of Penobscot Bay, in the state of Maine. The lighthouse, a conical tower built of undressed split granite, and an accompany dwelling were completed for just over $4,377.” The lighthouse was immediately put into service and its first keeper was William Clewley, who happily moved into the new one-anda-half-story house with an attached kitchen. But Maine’s coastal weather would prove to be a problem for the structure. According to an

1842 inspection report, “The lighthouse’s walls are cracked from roof to base. The deck was loose and leaky, and the interior walls froze over during the winter.” In a letter by Clewley, he agreed: “My dwelling-house is very much out of repair. The walls are of stone, and owing to defective building, have cracked on all four sides, so much as to cause continued leakage in wet weather. The roof also leaks so much that we are obliged to take up carpets and swab the floors. I swabbed up twelve buckets of water off the floor of the sitting room. The cellar walls will fall down unless rebuilt.” In 1857 after two years of construction and a request to Congress, a completely new lighthouse was built that included a 31-foot squarebrick tower equipped with a fourth-order Fresnel lens and a wood-framed, two-story keeper’s house. The lighthouse remained relatively peaceful in its remote location until 1872, when developers decided to build a luxury hotel just 50 feet away. The new hotel offered 125 guest rooms with views of the bay, salt- and fresh-water spas, a state-of-the-art game room and broad verandas. Despite the fact that it was a moneylosing venture from its inception, its location was certainly promising. In the 1886 book All

Among the Lighthouses: by Mary Bradford Crowninshield: “The view up the river is a lovely one from this place… there were brightly dressed children playing about the grounds of the hotel… and summer visitors walking over by the lighthouse.” This wandering of visitors would cause a problem for the lighthouse, which forced an inspector in 1883 to issue a request to provide privacy for the keeper. “A portion of the grounds was enclosed with some 900 feet of wire and 1,000 feet of picket fencing.” But in 1898, like many other fine wooden hotels throughout Maine, it was totally destroyed by fire and never rebuilt. Once again, the lighthouse remained in its solitary location on the bay. Although there were some minor changes to the lighthouse itself, its light and fog signal still remains active as a guide to navigation along the Penobscot Bay and River. It is only one of nine lighthouses in Maine that still use a Fresnel lens, and the only lighthouse in the state whose tower is square. The light was automated in 1988 and the grounds became a part of Fort Point State Park in 1998. The lighthouse is not open to the public, but the grounds are accessible seven days a week from 9 a.m. to sunset. 

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Discover Maine

The Trim Triple Murder In Bucksport Father and daughter dead, child missing in 1876 by James Nalley In an October 14, 1876 article in The New York Times, surprising news alerted the public of a tragedy in Maine: “News of a probable triple murder has been received from Bucksport, Maine. The victims are an aged man named Trim, his daughter Mrs. Thayer, and her little girl. Trim’s house and buildings were burned last night. His charred remains were found in the debris at the carriage house. A bloody trail was found leading from the house to the rear of the barn, and it is supposed (that) Mrs. Thayer and her daughter were murdered and the bodies dragged to the barn, though they have not been found.”

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elissa Thayer and her four-year-old daughter had just relocated to Bucksport, soon after the death of her husband. For emotional and financial stability, Thayer’s father, Robert Trim, welcomed them into his house. With the original intention of setting up a small neighborhood school, everything changed on the evening of October 13, 1876. Earlier on that day, Thayer had decided to run an errand and walked to the local post office. On the way, she met the neighbor’s stepdaughter, Ada Snow, who had mentioned that Captain Edward M. Smith (who frequently visited Mr. Trim) had married Ada’s aunt. The two continued on together. According to Maine Supernatural: “Captain Smith and his wife had stayed in the Trim homestead helping Mr. Trim with yard work and chores, while he waited for his next ship to leave. He was a well-known and trusted Captain, having sailed the seven seas. When they received word of

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Mr. Trim’s daughter moving back, they had moved back into the Bucksport village, but he always came by and visited.” When both Thayer and Snow returned from their walk, they parted toward their respective houses at approximately 8 p.m. It was the last time that Thayer was seen alive. After midnight on the morning of October 14, a neighbor woke up to see an unusual glow coming from the Trim residence. It turned out to be from a fire that was engulfing the barn and the carriage house. After an alarm was sounded, neighbors headed toward the burning buildings in an attempt to save them. By the time they had arrived, The New York Times article states, “The body of Capt. Trim was the first found in the ruins of the carriage house… (and) the charred remains of Mrs. Thayer were taken from the debris of the barn.” The body of Thayer’s daughter was not found anywhere in the either the barn or

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(Continued from page 21)

carriage house. The community immediately began a search for both the daughter and the possible murderers. According to The New York Times, “Blood stains were found in the road, (along with) a broken comb, some hair, and other signs indicating that a struggle had taken place at that point, and the bloody trail was followed to the barn.” After local law enforcement arrived, they interviewed neighbors in order to learn of any unusual sightings during the night. After Captain Smith’s name was mentioned by neighbors, detectives went to interview him at his

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home. This is when problems arose for Smith. He was found with blood on a long list of items that included his hat, shirt, vest, pants, and heavy overcoat. What made things worse for Smith was that blood was also found on his knife and gun. Maine Supernatural states: “When questioned about the blood on the hat and vest, the captain explained that he had been hunting several times during the past weeks. He said the shirt he was wearing had been the one he had on all week.” Even though the initial evidence had made the captain a possible suspect, the fact that the blood was already dry had made his participation somewhat unlikely. It was also noted that the blood was a mixture of several types of animals, in addition to human blood. Unfortunately, the mere fact that some human blood was found on his items was enough to have him taken into custody. As stated in the book In Search of Melissa Thayer by Emeric Spooner, “Blood analysis, from back in the day, was done with (only) a magnifying glass.” This lack of forensic investigation had only made Smith look even more guilty. Without any reliable witness nor an alibi, the derived story accused Smith of waiting for Thayer, knocking her unconscious with the rock and then murdering her with the

knife. The New York Times states, “Mrs. Thayer was known to have had $800 in the house, and plunder is supposed to have been the incentive.” The story continued by claiming that Smith also went to the Trim house and killed both Mr. Trim and Thayer’s daughter. The trial occurred approximately six months later, and Captain Smith adamantly pleaded innocence despite the overwhelming odds against him. According to Maine Supernatural, even when Smith’s friends and family tried to defend him in the trial, the judge declared that they were lying to protect him and threw out their testimonies. Based solely on the evidence of blood on the clothes, knife, and gun, Smith was found guilty and eventually sentenced to life in prison. In 1908, approximately 31 years after his sentence, Smith was attacked and killed by another prisoner with an iron pipe. To this day, the body of Thayer’s young daughter has never been found. 

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Discover Maine

Memorable encounters Amelia Earhart and the stowaway from Corinna by Charles Francis

here is a well-known but rather mysterious picture of Amelia Earhart taken in Bangor in the summer of 1934. It shows four people standing before a tri-motor airplane. One of the four is the attractive Earhart. She is smiling. Her hat is in her hand and her hair a bit windblown. Two of the others are identified as Herbert Baldwin of Boston and Maine Airways, and Edward Graham, President of Bangor Hydro. The fourth is identified as an unknown guest. The unknown guest of that now-fading picture appears to be a woman. She is wearing a light colored suit and hat. It is the kind of outfit a well-to-do woman out for a day on the town would wear. While the other three in the picture are looking directly into the camera lens, the woman is looking away to her right. Her eyebrows suggest tension. Her mouth is pursed. She looks pensive. Who was the mysterious woman? It seems she may not have been a woman at all, but rather a man. A man named Ralph Mills. Mills

wasn’t a terrorist. He was simply someone who wished to meet the famous Earhart. And if the picture is indeed that of Mills, he did meet Earhart, in the air on a plane carrying women-only groups with Earhart on tenminute promotional flights over Bangor. In August of 1934 Amelia Earhart — the Lady Lindy — paid a visit to Bangor. The visit was part of a promotional plan cooked up by Herbert L. Baldwin, a former reporter for the Boston Post, who was publicity director of the Boston and Maine and Maine Central railroads. At the time, the two rail lines had joined together to promote the development of an air service to northern New England and the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The air service was variously known as Boston and Maine Airways and the Pan Am Clipper Connection. The airway’s premier service went by the name “Flying Yankee of the Air.” That name was a word play on the famous Flying Yankee train. Amelia Earhart’s appearance on behalf of Boston and Maine Airways was a bit more

than a publicity stunt. The president of Boston and Maine, Inc., as well as Central Vermont Airways, was Paul Collins, a front man for Juan Trippe, the president of Pan Am. Earhart was a vice president of the two lines. The Lady Lindy’s purpose in visiting Bangor, as well as other Maine cities on the Boston and Maine Airways run, had to do with encouraging women to use the airline as passengers. One of Earhart’s chosen roles in the early decades of the development of the airplane was to encourage women to become involved in the industry not only as pilots, but as users. To do this she went on the lecture circuit, pointing out that while the press tended to play up air disasters, travel by air was actually quite safe. In the years that have passed since Earhart’s name was a household word, many have forgotten or else never knew in the first place that Amelia Earhart was an extraordinary pilot. Part of the reason for that has to do with the (Continued on page 24)

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series of sensational claims linking her to everything from having been on a spy mission for the Navy at the time she disappeared over the Pacific, to having been interred in a Japanese prison camp. Even though reputable sources have discounted these theories, sensationalists still present their case, much to the delight of less than scrupulous publishers. In addition, while most know that Earhart was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic — doing so in 1928 as a passenger — their knowledge stops there. In 1932 Earhart was the first woman to make a solo flight across the Atlantic. In doing so she was just the second person to accomplish the feat, which was done at a time when airplane malfunctions were almost the order of the day. When Earhart came to Maine in 1934 she was one of just six pilots to have soloed the Atlantic, and the only woman to do so. Amelia Earhart routinely received $250 per lecture when she went on the lecture circuit. As she often gave lectures to the tune of thirty a month, she was making a good deal of money for the Depression. Her visit to Bangor and other cities on the Boston and Maine Airways route was not part of her regular lecture circuit, however. It was done to further

— Greater Bangor Region —

the development of commercial air travel, something Earhart strongly believed in. Boston and Maine Airways inaugurated its Maine service in August of 1931. The initial service connected Boston, Portland and Bangor. It cost all of $5.50 to fly from Boston to Portland, and $13.00 to fly from Boston to Bangor. Later, additional connections were made (and sometimes dropped) to cities like Augusta, Waterville, Presque Isle, Calais and Rockland. The fact that some of the connections, like the one to Rockland, never became a paying stop was one of the reasons that Herbert Baldwin brought the Lady Lindy to Maine cities like Portland and Bangor. Amelia Earhart came to Maine in part because Boston and Maine Airways was viewed as a stepping stone of a much grander scheme — a scheme to create a commercial link between the east coast of North America and Europe. The scheme was the brainchild of Juan Trippe of Pan Am. What Trippe hoped for first was a mail contract across the Atlantic, and then passenger service. The extension of Boston and Maine Airways connections to St. John, New Brunswick and Halifax, Nova Scotia was a part of this grand design. Earhart’s promotional flights in Bangor

took place from Godfrey Field. They were arranged by the Chamber of Commerce. Some 200 women signed up for the honor of accompanying Earhart. No men were to be included. Therefore, Ralph Mills’ harmless cross-dressing hoax. Ralph Mills worked for Snowflake Canning in Corinna. He was thirty-six in 1934. Mills was able to pull off his deception because he was something of an actor. The Bangor Daily News described him as a “thespian.” He signed up for his flight with Earhart using the name Sally Miller. He revealed his deception when his flight was in progress and Earhart was speaking with each passenger in turn. When Earhart came to him, he doffed his hat and wig all in one sweep, saying “Well, Amelia, here I am.” (Close scrutiny of the picture of Earhart and the “unknown guest” does not show the wig.) The Lady Lindy took the charade as “a good joke on her.” Amelia Earhart’s plane disappeared over the Pacific three years after her visit to Bangor. In Bangor and other Maine cities where she had stopped in 1934, people remembered her for her honest and forthright promotion of Boston and Maine Airways. It was as if a close personal friend had been lost. 

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edith lesley Founds A School A pioneer in early childhood education by Charles Francis

he Lesley family motto is “I would have perished had I not persisted.” For a long time that motto hung over the fireplace of Alumni Hall of Lesley University, the university that was named for its founder, Edith Lesley. Lesley University traces its origins to 1909, the year Edith Lesley founded The Lesley School in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The first classes offered at The Lesley School were taught by Edith and her sister Olive. The classes were unique, almost first of a kind in America. They prepared students to become kindergarten teachers. In turn-of-the -twentieth century America, kindergarten was still an innovative idea. The Lesley sisters were introduced to the idea of the kindergarten in Bangor. Alonzo Lesley, the girls’ father, was from Carmel. For much of the Lesley sisters’ early years Alonzo Lesley made his living in Bangor making shoes. The most important word in the Lesley family motto is undoubtedly “persisted.” It

takes a lot of persistence to start a school as Edith Lesley did, that grows into a respected university, especially when that school is initially devoted to preparing teachers for instructing students of an age for which education had hitherto been deemed of little significance. Edith Lesley was a disciple of German educator Friedrich Frobel. Frobel is credited with originating the concept of kindergarten education. Frobel’s great contribution to early childhood education was to incorporate activity into the learning process. For Frobel, activity included singing, dancing and self-directed play with educational materials such as geometrical building blocks. For Frobel, activity meant learning through experiencing — experiential learning. Edith Lesley was born in what is now the country of Panama in 1872. Her sister Olive was born in Bangor in 1875. It isn’t at all clear what Alonzo Lesley and his wife Rebecca were doing in Central America back in the 1870s, but whatever it was wasn’t enough to keep

them there. The Lesley family returned to Alonzo’s hometown of Carmel in 1874. They subsequently moved to Bangor when Alonzo found work there as a shoemaker. It would appear that Bangor had some sort of private kindergarten education during the Lesley sisters’ adolescence. Whether or not they attended a kindergarten themselves is debated. However, it would seem that they at least knew kindergarten or early childhood teachers when they were in their teen years. Rebecca Lesley ran a boarding house. Two of the boarders were kindergarten or early childhood educators. One, Emily Alden, was a Lesley cousin. Early childhood education places a great deal of importance on language development. Language as used here includes mathematics and music. It should be noted that Friedrich Frobel’s theories of experiential learning included singing and playing with geometrical shapes and figures. Today educational testers regard language usage as a signal of mental health and

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intelligence. As a general statement most psychological testing draws a direct correlation between vocabulary size and effective and creative use of vocabulary and intelligence. Frobel’s emphasis on experiential learning and self-directed play as a stimulant of creativity foreshadows this. Accurate use of vocabulary is a handy quantitative measure of a person’s mental powers. Vocabulary increase, mastery of numbers and shapes and expression through music and dance begin around the time a child is three. From age three or so on we learn some ten to twenty new words a day — that is, if we are in an environment which encourages vocabulary growth. This process continues on until about age eighteen, when we know something like 60,000 words. Of course we don’t use all 60,000 — most of us get along quite well on 4,000. Early childhood education is of vital importance in vocabulary growth. It is also just as important in the development of other language skills like grammar, syntax, appropriate and relevant word choice and the ability to play with words. The latter skills all relate to eloquence. Eloquence as it occurs in public speaking and in writing is a mark of the intelligent, healthy individual. These skills all begin with early childhood education, a formal educational process. This, then, was the profes-

sion the Lesley sisters trained teachers for. The Lesley family left Bangor for Boston in 1891. They settled in Cambridge. Cambridge had a kindergarten run by Elizabeth Peabody in the 1860s. Others followed, based on the principles espoused by Friedrich Frobel. The Lesley sisters found employment in them, in both the private and public sector. The Lesley School profited from the fact that the early 1900s saw higher education for women become more socially accepted. This was especially so in the Boston area, where schools like Radcliffe, Simmons, Jackson and Wellesley experienced an upwelling of student enrolment. The Lesley School started with an enrolment of nine in 1909. The sisters ran it as a part-time endeavor. By the 1920s enrolment ran to over 300. Olive Lesley left the school in the early years of the Great War to work in Labrador as an aid to medical missionary Wilfred Grenfell, and then later with the Girl Scout movement. By that time The Lesley School, which was now The Lesley Normal School, had expanded its offerings to include primary school teacher training. Eventually the name would change again, this time to Lesley College. Edith Lesley was retired when that change occurred in 1944. Today Lesley University, the school Edith Lesley founded, of-

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fers doctoral programs. Sometime in the late 1930s or early 1940s the Lesley family motto was taken down from its place over the fireplace of Alumni Hall. During the Depression Edith Lesley commenced a losing struggle with chronic illness and slowly removed herself from the management of the school she had long been so involved with. Perhaps as a tribute to her persistent efforts in keeping the school going during the trying financial times of the 1930s, administrators placed Edith’s picture over the fireplace mantle. It was a fitting tribute. Edith Lesley died in 1953. Today the school she founded is recognized as a leader in experiential learning and for pioneering programs in “Expressive Therapies” and “Integrated Teaching Through the Arts.” Experiential learning at Lesley traces its roots to the innovative practices begun so long ago by the Lesley sisters, Edith and Olive. “Expressive Therapies” and “Integrated Teaching Through the Arts” are natural extensions of the Lesley sisters’ first tentative steps in introducing formal kindergarten teacher training programs to the United States. Lesley University as it is today owes much to the Lesley family motto, “I would have perished had I not persisted.”

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nine Snowmobilers rode Into Maine History In 1961 Difficult terrain and conditions made for a dangerous trip by Ian MacKinnon

ine intrepid snowmobilers steered their Polaris sleds into Maine history during an epic February, 1961 ride into the Allagash. On Friday, February 10 nine men gathered in Millinocket to check their equipment and hone their plans to depart the next morning for a two-day snowmobile journey to Churchill Lake. There they intended to meet a dog-sled expedition led by Clarence LeBell, a Massachusetts resident with extensive dogsledding experience in the Arctic. Millinocket’s Earlan Campbell organized the snowmobile expedition, the first such longdistance ride in Maine history. Named a Polaris dealer — only the fifth in the United States and likely the first in Maine — in the summer of 1958 after signing the requisite paperwork with Polaris distributor Robert Morrill of Yarmouth, Campbell started selling Polaris sleds designed for Minnesota winters. During the next few years, customers reported that Polaris snowmobiles did not per-

form well in Maine’s wintry climate and terrain. Campbell and Morrill urged Polaris President Alan Hetteen to test new sleds in Maine. Hetteen agreed — Polaris sent nine snowmobiles, including a Scout B-55 and an SR Ranger, to Campbell’s dealership in January 1961. The snowmobilers would start at Ripogenus Dam, spend the first night at Chamberlain Lake, and then reach Churchill Lake the next night. Meanwhile, LeBell and his companions — Angel Pelletier of Massachusetts and Edwin Childs, an exchange student from Portsmouth, England — would leave Daaquam, Quebec with two dog sleds and 14 huskies and meet the snowmobilers at Churchill Lake. From there, the dog sleds would cut east to Patten. The two expeditions would honor Arctic explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins. Accompanying Campbell and Morrill were Hetteen, Polaris engineer Arthur Erickson, Morrill’s friend Ralph Stevens, Millinocket

publisher Robert Hume Jr., Reginald Boynton, Richard Rideout, and Bangor Daily News reporter Robert Drew. With light snow covering the Golden Road, they transported their sleds and gear to Ripogenus Dam before dawn on Saturday, February 11, and headed out after sunrise in temperatures hovering at zero degrees Fahrenheit. Utilizing frozen lakes and some logging roads, the snowmobilers battled the elements while riding 40 miles to Chamberlain Dam. The LeBell-led dog-sledders encountered similar weather and rough trail conditions while traveling from Daaquam to Clayton Lake, where men and dogs bedded down for the cold night. The snowmobilers spent Saturday night at Great Northern Camp on Pillsbury Pond. On Sunday, February 12 the Polaris expedition reached Nugent’s Camps on Chamberlain Lake at 10:30 a.m. before heading north to Churchill Lake. Often creating their own trails (Continued on page 30)

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in the trackless, snow-covered Allagash wilderness, the sledders “had to slash open some trails with axes,” Drew subsequently reported. Some snowmobiles bogged down in lake-surface slush, a nasty ride-disrupting hassle, as modern snowmobilers can attest. That evening the Polaris sledders reached their intended destination — a warden’s camp at Churchill Dam. That Sunday the LeBell dog sleds enjoyed relatively smooth running along a plowed road between Clayton Lake and Umsaskis Lake, where the dog sledders intended to turn south to meet the snowmobile expedition at Churchill Dam. Then, along “a final three-mile stretch” near Umsaskis, the dog teams bogged down in “‘mealy’ snow” measuring 18-20 inches deep, Drew reported. Some dogs “chewed up their harnesses,” and one lead dog “became ill,” he informed his readers. LeBell and his companions pulled into a Maine Fish & Game Department warden’s camp on Umsaskis Lake, near where the Realty Road bridges The Thoroughfare on the Allagash Wilderness Waterway. In that era before cell phones and email, the nine snowmobilers wondered Sunday night

— Greater Bangor Region —

what had happened to LeBell and his companions. On Monday morning, three snowmobilers rode their sleds north to Umsaskis Lake, found the LeBell expedition, and “packed down a trail along a woods road” leading to the Churchill Dam camp, Drew reported. LeBell and his companions lingered at Umsaskis until Tuesday; that morning “the engine-driven sleds returned again… and found LeBell along this trail,” Drew reported. The snowmobilers “then left to finish their portion of the trip and to pack down a trail for the following dog teams” before heading for Nugent’s Camps on Chamberlain Lake. The dog sleds reached the Churchill Dam camp Tuesday night. On Wednesday morning the snowmobilers headed east toward Baxter State Park and “reached Katahdin Stream Campground about 6 o’clock (p.m.),” Drew reported. En route “considerable difficulty was encountered in the state park with hills and deep snow,” he wrote. “Several times the men had to get out and push the snow sleds up the mountain trails,” Drew reported from personal experience. On Wednesday, the LeBell expedition traveled south along Churchill Lake before camp-

ing that night near Johns Bridge “below” the Eagle Lake outlet. LeBell checked the huskies; “the snow was too deep for his dogs… as there was virtually no base for the snow to pack upon,” Drew wrote. “The slush froze around their (dogs’) feet, making travel too hard on the animals.” LeBell aborted his expedition’s last leg from Eagle Lake to Patten. An Ashland-bound trucker contacted Patten residents Ellery Cole and Lloyd McKenney about LeBell’s decision. On Thursday morning they took two pickups and a dog trailer on a circuitous “80-mile trip through Grand Lake Mattagammon… and finally located” the LeBell expedition “at a woods camp on Churchill Lake” about 6 p.m., Drew reported. “They took a 110-mile return round trip to Patten through Ashland,” he wrote. Schoolchildren turned out to see the dogs, and LeBell left 800 commemorative letters to “be postmarked Saturday by Patten Postmaster Hubert A. Nevers.” Departing Baxter State Park on Thursday, February 16 the nine snowmobilers “traveled … to a main highway (Golden Road) where they were met by automobiles” and transported to Millinocket, Drew wrote. The weary Polaris sledders “ended their grueling trip”

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about 9 p.m. “after being greeted by members of the Millinocket Chamber of Commerce, town officials, and others,” he reported. “Later, they were guests of Chamber of Commerce President Hugh Avery at a steak supper,” and Drew succinctly described a delicious meal. Perhaps unaware that they had written an exciting chapter in Maine snowmobiling history, the nine men reported “no mechanical breakdowns” during their expedition, Drew wrote. All nine sleds had traveled at least 165 miles; “with side trips… some of the machines… covered as much as 200 miles,” he wrote. Earlan Campbell and Robert Morrill liked the particular Polaris sleds used by the expedition. Campbell purchased at least two — today, the Northern Timber Cruisers Snowmobile Museum displays the B-55 Scout and the SR Ranger, the sled ridden by Campbell during the 1961 expedition. Open winter weekends, the museum is located at the NTC Clubhouse on Millinocket’s Lake Road.

Early view of Main Street, Lincoln. Item #101209 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Hotel Milford, in Milford. Item #101493 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Corner of Main & Olive Streets, Veazie. Item #102801 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Hermon School. Item #101020 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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A Pacifist’s Delusions Hampden-born diplomat was duped

Bela Kun, leader of the 1919 Hungarian Revolution by Charles Francis tories of Mainers abroad would be a wonderful subject for a book. The events that Mainers have witnessed and the personalities they have encountered on travels beyond the borders of the state and the nation are as varied as those describing them. Take Philip Marshall Brown of Hampden, for instance.

Philip Brown was one of the U.S. officials who attended the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was an aid to Herbert Hoover. Hoover was in Paris as head of the American Relief Administration. The American Relief Administration was a food relief program. Herbert Hoover saw the program as a way of stemming the tide of communism that was then spreading across Europe toward the Atlantic. For Hoover, food relief was directly tied to the fight against communism. For this reason, Hoover sent representatives of the American Relief Administration to countries he felt most likely to succumb to the Red Menace, as communism was already being called by many westerners. Hoover was particularly concerned about Hungary. That is where he sent Philip Brown. Hungary had been on the losing side in World War I. As such, it was ripe for rev-

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olution of the communist variety. The country’s infrastructure was a shambles, industry and transportation were disrupted, much of the work force was jobless, and great numbers of Hungarians were homeless and starving. When Philip Brown arrived in Budapest, the capitol of Hungary, in April of 1919, communists led by Bela Kun had already seized control of the country. The question involving Kun was just what kind of a man was he? Philip Brown provided the first insight on the question. Brown arrived in Budapest when Kun was fresh out of prison. He had been incarcerated because he was communist. Kun walked out prison doors right into a leadership role. One day he was being beaten, and the next he sat in a luxurious office. Brown even noted Kun’s healing wounds. They were that fresh, and Brown was that much of an early bird, or johnnyon-the-spot, in revolutionary Hungary. Bela Kun turned Hungary into a communist country quicker than Lenin turned Russia communist. Kun was ruthless. On a lesser scale, he was as bad or worse than Lenin. An apt comparison would be Kun and Stalin. But Philip Brown missed this. When Philip Brown met Bela Kun, the Hungarian presented himself as a patriotic nationalist. Because of this Brown felt Hungary could be made a useful bulwark to offset the spread of Soviet domination in Europe. Of course, Brown was (Continued on page 36)

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— Greater Bangor Region —

duped. Even as he was making the initial contacts with Kun for the American Relief Administration, Hungarian communists were instituting a reign of terror, property seizure and dictatorship. It was a lesson Philip Brown would not forget. Philip Brown opposed war. He was a member of the American Peace Society. In fact, he would serve as president of the society from 1946 to 1948. Brown was a respected lawyer. His specialty was international law and diplomacy. He taught it at Princeton. Brown was a member of the highly regarded Institute of International Law in Brussels, Belgium. He was an editor of the American Journal of International Law. In short, Philip Brown was an academic, the sort of academic that the U.S. State Department calls on for advice, or asks to fill important positions in the world’s trouble spots where American interests may be in jeopardy. Philip Marshall Brown was born in Hampden in 1875. His father David Wilbur Brown was a highly successful lumber dealer with business interests

throughout New England and Canada. Philip Brown spent a fair portion of his early years in Sherbrooke, Quebec. The experience gave him his first exposure to international diplomacy. He had to learn French to get along with classmates and playmates. It may have been this experience that motivated Brown to take up the study of international relations and diplomacy at Williams College as an undergraduate, and Harvard as a graduate student. Brown entered the diplomatic corps after college. His postings ranged from the Middle East to Central America. His highest postings were those of Secretary and Charge d’Affaires of the American Embassy in Constantinople, and Minister to Honduras. Brown left the diplomatic corps in 1912 to accept a position at Harvard as instructor of international law. He left Harvard the next year for Princeton. This was Brown’s academic home for the rest of his life. In 1914 Princeton University Press published the first of Philip Brown’s books. The work is based on Brown’s experiences

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in Constantinople and has engendered a fair amount of interest since the sad events we refer to by the simple date 9/11. The title of the work is Foreigners In Turkey: Their Judicial Status. Foreigners In Turkey deals with the suspension of the rights and privileges of foreigners in that country in 1914. Specifically, the book deals with Moslem law as it relates to non-Moslems. The New York Times phrased it this way: “...on Sept. 10... Turkey... abrogated the extraterritorial privileges that have been enjoyed by foreigners, some of these privileges having been maintained under Turkish rule since the Crescent supplanted the Cross in Constantinople on May 29, 1453.” The Turkish issue of 1914 involved the concept that Moslem law and state law are identical. Moslem law can only apply to Moslems. Therefore, non-Moslems enjoy no legal protections. The protections and privileges that non-Moslems had enjoyed in Turkey had been put in place by liberal or moderate Turkish leaders. Philip Brown`s book described the exact nature of the protections and privileges. Brown

192

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— Greater Bangor Region —

describes situations like the one in Turkey as “intellectual anarchism.” He would apply the term to pacifists, too. As a member of the American Peace Society, Philip Brown supported pacifism. Brown was also a member of the Institute of International Law. The Institute’s policy is not to comment on particular disputes. It makes recommendations for changes in international law. It supports human rights as a matter of course. In 1904 the Institute was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its work. In the years prior to the United States entering World War II, American pacifists like Brown had to come to terms with the rise of fascism in Europe and the possibility that it might make a mark in America. Brown saw authoritarian states like those governed by the fascists and communists as stumbling blocks to international jurisprudence. For Philip Brown, pacifists that refuse to support the rights of the individual in the face of political or religious totalitarianism for whatever reason, are deluded. They are advocates of “intellectual anarchism.”

ovER 5 dEcAdEs of TAx ExPERTisE. AccEPT noThing LEss. 625 Broadway • Bangor, Maine 04401 Phone: 207-947-0333 Mon-Fri 9:00 am to 8:00 pm sat 9:00 am to 4:00pm • sun 10:00 am to 2:00 pm 1 If you discover an H&r Block error on your return that entitles you to a smaller tax liability, we’ll refund the tax prep fee for that return. refund claims must be made during the calendar year in which the return was prepared.

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Husking corn in East Corinth. Item #100577 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

Philip Marshall Brown was an advocate for an ordered international society, a society based on international law. His views were of the highest order, of a sort that deserve consideration today. Perhaps this

is the time and place to begin this consideration. Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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— Greater Bangor Region —

William H. Grady The unknown Irish-American historian of Bangor by Matthew Jude Barker

ew, if any, now remember William H. Grady, a lawyer, contractor, Gaelic revivalist, and dedicated amateur historian from Bangor. If it was not for his nephew, John O’Grady, who rescued his writings from oblivion by donating them to the Maine Historical Society after an Irish American History Roundtable in 1999, we might never have learned of Grady’s existence and his life’s work. William Henry Grady was born in Bangor August 16, 1875, the oldest child of John and Margaret Murray Grady, Irish emigrants who would also have five other children. After attending Bangor schools, Grady graduated from Georgetown University, and from Boston University Law School in 1899. Grady returned to Bangor, where he practiced law for several years before joining his father’s contracting firm, John Grady & Son.

An advertisement from the 1903 Bangor City Directory states that the company was “Contractors and Builders” who specialized in stone, brick, and carpenter work, as well as building mills, dams, and bridges. Their office was at 39 Hammond Street in Bangor. William H. Grady appears to have developed an early interest in Irish studies. He began the study of the Irish Gaelic language while a student, ironically, at Boston University Law School, not Georgetown. His parents, being natives of Ireland, may also have been Irish speakers. In the Fall of 1903 Grady, along with fellow lawyer Brian J. Dunn, and John F. Ford, organized the Philo-Celtic Society of Bangor. These men “had long cherished the idea of forming a Gaelic school for the study of Irish language and literature,” according to the Boston Pilot of January 30, 1904. This newspaper, established in Boston in

1829, had long been almost mandatory reading for the Irish households of Maine. Grady became the instructor for Bangor’s Gaelic language school at this time. In January 1904 he was elected the president of the Philo-Celtic Society, while his brother Edward J. Grady was chosen as the society’s secretary and treasurer. This Bangor society was part of the international Gaelic Revival Movement, initiated in Ireland in the 1890s by Douglas Hyde, who was soon joined by William Butler Yeats, Lady Augusta Gregory, and many other luminaries. The Philo-Celtic Society of Bangor was the first of its kind in the state. After each of their meetings, literary exercises were carried out and papers on Gaelic topics that had been written by members of the group were read. It is not known how long the Philo-Celtic Society of Bangor lasted, nor how long William Grady was the teacher of the Irish

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— Greater Bangor Region —

language in Bangor. It is known that Grady became more and more involved in his father’s company, and it seems he eventually had little time to participate in Gaelic revival studies. But as we shall see, his thirst for Irish and Irish-American history continued to grow. Grady’s father passed away in the 1920s, but the firm of Grady & Son continued for many years after, with Grady as president and his brothers Michael and Edward as clerks in the business. Sometime in the 1930s Grady also began the practice of law again. Now we enter “Irish Studies Phase Two” of William Grady’s life. He retired in the early 1940s and then spent the next five years researching and writing about the Irish of Bangor and vicinity. As Maine historian William David Barry wrote in his piece Jim Vickery and The Grady Manuscript Collection (see Maine History, 41:3 & 4, Fall/Winter 2002, p. 249-252), Grady became “a serious scholar of Maine history who seemed to have worked in near total isolation.” In fact, he worked in a near vacuum, as Barry commented to this author. It appears Grady consulted census records, city directories, old deeds, naturalization records, and other sources to compile a detailed history and genealogy of the Irish who settled in Bangor and surrounding communi-

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ties between the 1820s and the 1860s. He may also have collected oral history from many of the elderly Irish residents of Bangor. Grady typed all of this information into two bound books and in this format a voluminous amount of history has remained ever since. For some unknown reason, Grady neither published his work, nor deposited it in any library or historical society. We are left to wonder if his friends and family knew of his endeavors. At some point, of course, they did find out, yet still nothing was done with his works. William H. Grady died in Bangor on November 18, 1953, at the age of 78. He was survived by two sisters, including Mrs. Dennis L. O’Grady of Watertown, Massachusetts, two brothers, a niece, and a nephew, Capt. John W. O’Grady, with the Army Medical Corps in Germany. His funeral was held from St. Mary’s Church in Bangor, where he had been a communicant for most of his life. Now fast forward to 1999. With a major increase in ethnic studies in Maine in the 1990s, it was decided that the Maine Historical Society should start hosting ethnic history roundtables. The first of many was the Irish American History Roundtable, held in June 1999. John O’Grady, of Bedford, Massachu-

setts, later read about the roundtable, and, to everyone’s pleasant surprise, donated his uncle’s manuscripts to the M.H.S. (they had been stored in his attic for decades!). William Grady’s work is now M.H.S. Manuscript Collection Number 1960, and includes three volumes on Irish immigration to Bangor, the Penobscot, Benedicta, and other areas of Maine. The collection also includes miscellaneous documents, including THE GAEL, a New York Irish bi-lingual newspaper dated September 1899. Many genealogists who have consulted the Grady collection have discovered the Irish origins of their Bangor ancestors, as Grady usually included this often elusive piece of information in his genealogical accounts. Present and future historians and genealogists of the Bangor Irish should be forever grateful for the amazing work William H. Grady accomplished and for his nephew, John W. O’Grady, who saved it from oblivion. We can only hope that Grady’s manuscripts will be copied and published at some point in the future — we owe that and much more to William H. Grady. Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Bangor lawyer Brian J. Dunn The poet laureate of the brickyard by Matthew Jude Barker

rian J. Dunn, a Bangor brick worker, attorney, writer, politician, and poet, is all but forgotten today. In his time, he was known throughout New England and the Northeast as “The Poet Laureate of the Brick Yard.”

Dunn was born in Brewer on June 14, 1863, the son of Thomas and Bridget Whalen Dunn, natives of Ireland. He attended local schools, and in the tradition of the day, studied law in the office of a Brewer attorney, Benning C. Additon. But serious problems with

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his eyes soon made it necessary for him to seek other avenues of work. Dunn found a niche in his father’s brickyard, where he quickly became an expert and gained keen insight into the business, thus making him an authority for years to come. At some point Brian Dunn entered the newspaper business, his eyes having evidently improved. He “at once won for himself more than local fame as a writer of unusually good and clear cut English.” Dunn became a staff member of the Bangor Daily News, and even took over the editorial chair for a time. He then removed to New York City, where he was employed by the New York Sun and other Gotham newspapers. When Patrick Jerome “Battle-Axe” Gleason, the infamous mayor of Long Island City, advertised for a personal secretary, Dunn answered and received the job. Dunn’s obituary in the Boston Pilot years later stated, “Mr. Dunn’s keen sense of humor made him a capital story teller and his most amusing tales were of the days he spent with “Pat” Gleason.” Dunn was later editor of the Elizabeth, New Jersey Democrat and a contributor to the Metropolitan Magazine; some of his most praised work appeared in the latter, including

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— Greater Bangor Region —

an article on the night he spent with Thomas Edison in his laboratory. Although Dunn had great success in the newspaper world, he returned to the study of law at Boston University Law School. But the newspaper world came calling once again, when he was offered a prominent position with the Worcester Telegram. This he could not refuse. After a few years, Dunn’s writings again received wide attention, and he was soon working for Senator Hoar, accompanying him on his many speechmaking tours. After this he returned to the Worcester paper for a time and then resumed his law studies. Dunn was eventually admitted to the bar, for Worcester and the state of Massachusetts. Brian J. Dunn operated a law office in Boston for several years before returning to Bangor, where he opened an office at the turn of the 20th century. On June 5, 1900, he married Mary A. Donovan of Bangor. They made their home in Brewer, where Dunn served as an alderman and as city solicitor. Ever restless, Dunn moved his family to Bangor about 1903, where he was elected as a member of the Common Council. He became a leader in Penobscot County Democratic circles. Dunn wrote for many periodicals, and his work continued to be recognized and ac-

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claimed for the rest of his short life. His “clever verse” often appeared in a magazine called The Clay-Worker, an organ for brick and clay workers. Due to Dunn’s masterful work in this journal, he was honored with the title, “The Poet Laureate of the Brick Yard.” He was often in demand at the annual conventions of clay workers, especially in Bangor. Dunn was long interested in establishing a Gaelic Revival organization in Bangor, a group that would foster Irish language and literature. The Gaelic Revival was initiated by Douglas Hyde in Ireland in the early 1890s. Dunn, along with fellow Bangor attorney William H. Grady, and John F. Ford, organized the PhiloCeltic Society of Bangor in the fall of 1903. On January 10, 1904, at a meeting of the society, Dunn, along with John Ford, Miss Letitia Day, J. George Mooney, and Miss Ella Mullen, was elected a member of the executive committee of the group. William Grady was chosen to teach classes in the Irish Gaelic language (see page 38 for an article on Grady). Dunn became one of the most prominent members of the Philo-Celtic Society and was one of the leaders of the local United Irish League. He was also a member of the Ancient Order of Hibernians and the Knights of Columbus.

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Brian J. Dunn contracted typhoid fever, from which he succumbed to on October 1, 1904, at the age of 41. He was survived by his wife Mary and three sons, as well as by his mother, four sisters, and a brother. The Boston Pilot, of which Dunn was a frequent contributor, wrote on October 8th: “Brian J. Dunn has many friends because of his genial and kindly manner and he was ever ready to do a good deed, but he was modest in his charities and few, except those to whom he has extended the helping hand, know of his generosity.” This paper also wrote that Dunn was “a fine type of the Catholic Celtic young man, a man of splendid character and high ideals, patriotic to both his native land and that of his forefathers, brainy and progressive.” Now, in the year 2011, Brian J. Dunn is forgotten, one of countless natives of Maine who contributed much to his community and to his state, yet little remembered, if at all, by the present generation. But perhaps somewhere one of his descendants is aware of their ancestor and will someday explore more of the life and times of “The Poet Laureate of the Brick Yard.”  Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

Steve Hachey’s ruST proofing & underCoATing Car & Light Duty Trucks

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478-4016

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Damming The West Branch Ripogenus Dam, great wonder of the north woods by Charles Francis

Jay’s

reat Northern Paper in Millinocket was the biggest paper company in the world for the first decades of the twentieth century. In the 1920s it produced 600 tons of newsprint a week, and consumed 750 cords of wood a day. Much of the company’s wood passed through Ripogenus Gorge. Sometimes, however, if water was low, no logs reached the Great Northern mill. If this happened the company lost money. So, to ensure the flow of water on the West Branch of the Penobscot and its tributaries, Great Northern built a system of dams. The West Branch of the Penobscot, which is really the main branch of the river, rises in northwestern Maine, a region that is some 1600 to 2200 feet above sea level. It flows southwest, from these beginnings, passing within two miles of the head of Moosehead Lake. There it turns north, flowing into Chesuncook Lake. Leaving Chesuncook, it again flows southwest, passing through Ripogenus, Ambajejus, Pemadamcook, North Twin and Quakish lakes. At least that was its route before Ripogenus Dam was built. The entire course of the Penobscot draws water from approximately 1600 streams and 470 lakes and ponds. The river basin itself covers about 8,200 square miles. From Chesuncook to Bangor the river falls almost 900 feet. Controlling this queen of Maine rivers is an expensive task. Great Northern built three types of dams on the upper Penobscot — roll dams, crib work dams and great Ripogenus Dam. Roll dams are small dams across streams where there is a natural drop of about ten feet. They have one or two sluice ways with slanting floors extending downstream. The logs roll along these sluice ways to the smoother water below. Next in size are the crib work dams with sluice ways and gates to control water flow where the drop from one level to another is greater than ten feet. Finally, there is the great mass of Ripogenus Dam at the head of Ripogenus Gorge. Ripogenus Dam was the idea of Garret Schenck, the founding genius of Great Northern. Prior to the construction of Ripogenus Dam, Great

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Northern had maintained crib work dams at the head of Ripogenus Gorge. Every few years they had to be rebuilt, however, as the power of the West Branch was too great for a simple structure of rock and oak timbers. Schenck decided that a great dam was needed at the head of Ripogenus as the final control for the upper Penobscot. Until 1917 it took at least three days for a horse and wagon to travel from Greenville, where materials for a dam would arrive by rail, to the gorge. So, first it was necessary to build a road suitable for heavy trucks through the north woods. This was the 42- mile-long Golden Road, touching at Lily Bay, Grant Farm and Kokadjo before turning towards Katahdin and Millinocket. At the time of its construction Ripogenus Dam was the seventh-largest dam in the world, and the fourth-largest in the United States. It is 860 feet long with an approach of 1000 feet. It is 94 feet at its highest point and 64 feet wide at its base. Its 16-foot width at the top is wide enough for vehicular traffic. From the top of the dam to the foot of Ripogenus Gorge at Big Eddy, the drop is 260 feet. To build this incredible structure, a village of 700 workers sprang up almost overnight on the banks of the West Branch of the Penobscot.

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Materials for the dam traveled by rail to Kineo Station on the west bank of Moosehead Lake. From there they traveled by steamer to Lily Bay to be loaded onto seventon trucks that made two daily runs to the gorge. Over 65,000 barrels of cement were used in the construction of the dam as well as quantities of steel. More than a million board feet of lumber was used to make forms for the cement. Giant rock crushers and mixers were brought in. Rock was blasted from a nearby quarry and put in cars to be carried to the crushers. From there a mixture of cement and rock was carried to forms in huge buckets. All this was done through the use of gravity. Sand for the cement came from a pit a mile and a half away. A stream was diverted from its course to clean soil from the pit. Seams and faults in the rock foundation of the gorge were filled by drilling two-inch diameter holes 60 feet into the rock, and filling them with cement forced in with compressed air. This prevented water from seeping under the dam. Ripogenus Dam merged Ripogenus, Caribou and Chesuncook lakes, creating a storage basin of some 20 billion cubic feet of water. The new lake is 25 miles long and covers a surface area of 45 square miles. The water from Ripogenus Dam, besides easing four-foot logs downstream, provided power for running the

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Great Northern mills at Millinocket. Beginning in the 1930s painter Carl Sprinchorn spent some 15 years at Shin Pond in the shadow of Mt. Katahdin. He lived alone or with lumberjacks, and produced some of the most memorable and significant paintings of Maine’s north woods. He journeyed to the Ripogenus Dam region several times, and was captivated by the romance of the log drives which started in the streams and ponds feeding into Chesuncook Lake. From their start, when they had to be pried over and over again from small jams when caught on rocks, logs were floated into great booms and towed across the smooth lake water to Ripogenus Dam, where they then tumbled through the gorge to continue their way to Millinocket. Ripogenus Dam is one of the wonders of the north woods. To drive the 45 miles from Greenville to Ripogenus Gorge and suddenly come upon the great dam is to first think man has blown a gigantic hole in the hills to accommodate it. This was not the case, however. The dam crosses the gorge just as it was back in the days when the West Branch flowed unchecked to the Atlantic. Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

E.R. Palmer

Lumber Co.

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Sangerville’s Harry oakes… …and his mysterious connection with the Duke of Windsor

by Charles Francis

ne gave up a crown. The other has been called the “uncrowned king of the Bahamas.” The first is the Duke of Windsor, once Edward VIII of England. The second is Sangerville-born Harry Oakes, baronet. The Duke of Windsor has been called everything from ignorant bumbler to Nazi

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sympathizer. Sir Harry Oakes, most often a determined Yankee who struck it rich, big time. Windsor and Oakes are key figures in what some call the greatest celebrity murder mystery of the twentieth century. Part of the mystery involves Windsor’s role in what is still a “cold case.” Oakes’ role is that of murder victim. The murder occurred in the Bahamas on July 8, 1943. Windsor was Bahamian governor at the time. Harry Oakes struck it rich prospecting for gold. The strike made him so much money that he had enough to give some away. That was how he became a baronet — he gave money to charities in the British Empire. The title came for his largess. Harry Oakes was born in Sangerville in 1874. He and his three siblings, a brother and two sisters, grew up surrounded by the north woods. In them, Harry and his brother Lewis acquired woods lore that would stand both in good stead later in life — Harry as a prospec-

tor, Lewis as a Greenville lumberman. Harry Oakes went to Foxcroft Academy, graduated from Bowdoin and studied medicine at Syracuse for two years before dropping out to search for gold. He set off on his quest with the help of his brother, who committed $75 a month to the project. After prospecting in Canada, Alaska, New Zealand and Australia, Oakes struck it rich back in Canada, at Kirkland Lake in 1912. While estimates of Oakes’s wealth vary, he was among the super-rich. There is no question of that. It was this wealth that brought him into the same social circles as those of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, the former Wallace Warfield Simpson, in Nassau in the Bahamas. Oakes moved there for tax purposes. Today Nassau is known as a tourist mecca famous for its gambling casinos. Prior to World War II, however, it was relatively undeveloped and gambling was illegal. However,

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— Greater Bangor Region —

that does not mean that there were no illegal activities. During Prohibition, Nassau-based rumrunners made small fortunes smuggling alcohol to big-time gangsters in the United States. With the end of Prohibition, this element hoped to amend the law and open the island to gambling. Sir Harry Oakes’ fortune made him the most powerful man in Nassau, and he did not want the island developed. And, he opposed gambling. But, this does not mean that Sir Harry was above doing anything illegal himself. When Great Britain entered World War II, the Bahamas were placed under wartime regulations. One of the regulations the Duke of Windsor had to enforce as Governor was a ban on the removal of any money from British possessions. This is one of the areas involving Oakes and Windsor where the plot — as they say — thickens, and the waters become murky. Sir Harry routinely transferred funds and gold from Nassau to Mexico, as did the Duke and other wealthy island residents like Oakes’ sometime-associate Harold Christie, a confidant of alleged Nazi sympathizer Axel Wenner-Gren. Sir Harry’s remains were found in his bedroom. His body was partially burned and covered with feathers. The skull was bashed in.

Oakes’ new son-in-law, previously twice-married playboy Count Alfred de Marigny, was the first to be accused. Then it was discovered the police had fabricated evidence against the Count. He was acquitted. So who killed Sir Harry, or had him killed? John Marquis is the most recent fingerpointer. In his book, In the Blood and the Fire, which bears the subtitle The Duke of Windsor and the Strange Murder of Sir Harry Oakes, Marquis alleges the Duke engaged in an active cover-up. Part of Marquis’ allegations involve the fact that the Duke brought in two secondrate detectives from Miami to investigate the murder. The two detectives were brought in against the advice of both Scotland Yard and the FBI. Marquis goes on to suggest there was evidence that might have come to the fore indicating that Oakes, Harold Christie and Axel Wenner-Gren and the Duke had conspired to smuggle millions out of the Bahamas. Some of the millions might have been Nazi gold. The conspiracy may have included gangsters Lucky Luciano and Meyer Lansky. The Duchess of Windsor, the woman for whom Edward VIII gave up his throne, gets added to this mix. New evidence has been brought forward indicating that Wallace Simpson had a torrid love affair with Nazi foreign minister Joachim

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von Ribbentrop, and that communications may have been ongoing between the two even after Simpson and Edward married. J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI were investigating the Windsors in 1941 at the order of President Roosevelt. FBI records contain a report that there was an agreement between Herman Goering and the Duke that once the Nazis won the war they would put the Duke back on the throne of England. The Duchess supported this and was actively engaged in the conspiracy as she hated the English for driving her and the Duke out of England. John Marquis’ allegations point to Sir Harry Oakes being murdered to prevent him from revealing the tangled mess. Given this incredible backdrop of allegations — and the above are just a few of them — it is no wonder that the death of Harry Oakes of Sangerville continues to fascinate new generations. There has even been a Hollywood movie on the murder starring Rod Steiger: Trouble In Paradise. It is fun to watch when one knows some of the background.

Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

“Maine Quality” 207-564-8520 route 16 • 432 milo road Dover-Foxcroft, maine www.pleasantriverlumber.com

JOHnSOn fOUnDAtiOnS • Specialty Concrete • Floors, Walls, Slabs • Full Foundations • Residential Sites • Crane Services • Pool Areas/Walkways

(207)-564-8617 Cell: (207) 717-5570

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Annis and Chase Store, Sebec. Item #102413 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

J.D. brawn inc. Snow’s Saw Shop • outdoor Power Equipment • Sales & Service • Warranty Authorized open mon. - Fri. 7-5 • Sat. 7-12

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Elaine’s Basket

’s Elaine Café & Gift Shop Open Mon.-Sat. 6am-2pm Café Sun. 7am-2pm 943 * 2705

J. d. Logging John Dyer 383 North Road Sebec, ME 04481

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Hobnobbers Pub

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Hobnobbers is located in what was once the Milo Community Hospital. anyone who was born in Milo between 1930 and 1975 probably drew their first breath in this building. If you are one of our babies, please bring in a photo for our walls!

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Discover Maine

early Birders of The Appalachian Trail Principles of birds’ coloring led to development of camouflage design by Charles Francis

n the first decades of the twentieth century two birders and naturalists based much of their observations of wildlife on the section of the Appalachian Trail that runs from the White Mountains of New Hampshire and Maine to Katahdin. They got into a heated controversy with Theodore Roosevelt. The two birders were Abbott H. Thayer and Francis Henry Allen. Today Abbott H. Thayer is known for paintings of landscapes and animals. He is also sometimes referred to as the “father of camouflage.” His theories of camouflage in nature were applied to ships and planes in World War I. Thayer’s most important work on birding and camouflage in nature, the seminal Concealing Coloration in the Animal Kingdom: An Exposition of the Laws of Disguise Through Color and Pattern, was written with his son Gerald. In the work, Thayer, who was an early proponent of

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Darwin, took issue with the eminent naturalist as deficient in understanding the nature of optical illusion as a factor in natural selection. Thayer’s criticism of Darwin, like his military applications of camouflage, came about because of his training as an artist. Henry Francis Allen was one of America’s first truly scientific — as opposed to amateur — naturalists. A fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Allen published well over 200 monographs on birds and small woodland animals such as porcupines, moles and woodchucks. Allen was one of the chief collaborators in the production of the 21-volume Life Histories of North American Birds, the first scientific ornithological study put out by the U. S. Printing Office. Allen was also the first great Thoreau scholar. It was his interest in the sage of Walden Pond that led him to become the first naturalist to devote a significant amount of time to the study of the birds and small animals of the Katahdin region. Abbott Thayer came to know the Appalachian Trail from the White Mountains to Katahdin because he had an artist’s studio in the shadow of Mount Monadnock in New Hampshire. The studio was his starting point for the exploration of the trail. Henry Allen came to know the northernmost section of the Appalachian Trail because he was an inveterate hiker and outdoorsman addicted to sleeping under open night skies. His approach to birding was to concentrate on collecting data on a small area rather than cov-

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ering as much territory as possible to simply list as many varieties of birds as possible. The controversy that embroiled Thayer, Allen and Theodore Roosevelt began with the publication of Concealing Coloration in the Animal Kingdom in 1909. In the work, Thayer states “If, like a multitude of people, one cannot see that shadows on an open field of snow, or a white sheet, under a blue sky, are bright blue like the sky overhead, one will probably prove more or less defective in all color perceptions.” Thayer used the blue jay as one of his camouflage examples. Most think of the blue jay as a vivid, easily spotted bird. The blue jay is blue, white and gray. These colors, Thayer said, make it almost invisible amid the ever-changing shadows and sunlight on snow. Therefore raptors or other creatures that might prey on the blue jay do not do so. Thayer produced (Continued on page 48)

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— Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 47)

paintings to illustrate his theory. Theodore Roosevelt, who was a noted amateur naturalist and had written on the coloration of African game animals in African Game Trails, took umbrage with Thayer in print. As far as Roosevelt was concerned, the fact that something could be imagined in the mind of the artist and then produced on canvas did not make it fact. After Roosevelt’s initial criticism appeared, Henry Allen joined the fray on Thayer’s side. The controversy continued in a variety of nature journals until Roosevelt’s death in 1919. Abbott Thayer did make contributions to Darwin’s theory of natural selections. These contributions can be summed up as the nature and function of countershading in the animal kingdom. The contributions are sometimes referred to as Thayer’s Law. One particular instance is that of the white undersides of animals. The inverted lighter shading makes the animal appear less substantial and therefore less liable to being preyed on. Thayer first became involved in military camouflage in the Spanish-American War when he proposed countershading be used on naval vessels. Thayer, assisted by a number of other artists, actually worked for the War Department on a number of occasions. His ideas also influenced the British Navy in their camouflaging of vessels. Thayer’s work with camouflage led to the Army Corps of Engineers creating an entire section devoted to the science of camouflage. In World War I, Company A of the 40th Engineers, “the Camouflage Corps,” was formed to implement Thayer’s principles in the field. The Camouflage Corps, which included a number of Thayer’s former students, was made up of artists and designers. The practices that the Camouflage Corps initiated in World War I continue in a much refined and advanced form today. The controversy between Abbott Thayer, Henry Allen and Theodore Roosevelt is now a footnote in early naturalist history. The contributions to birding of Thayer and Allen, two naturalists who loved the northern Appalachian Trail, however, have stood the test of time. Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

Crandall’s hardware Glidden Paints makita & Dewalt Tools

(207) 746-5722 8 Main Street east Millinocket

St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church, Millinocket. Item #101521 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

od o Products W s ’ y rLa r Larry MacArthur

“Specializing in custom-made pine wood products”

207-723-9272 13 Rush Blvd. Millinocket, Me 04462 Member of Maine Wood Products Assoc.

www.larryswoodproducts.com Providing quality personal care services since 1995... because there’s no place like home!

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rick’s Market Pizza • Breakfast • Salads Sandwiches • homemade Soup Daily Specials • Beverages hours: Monday - Saturday 5:30am-10:00pm Sunday 6:00am-9:00pm To Order Phone 746-5597 99 Main Street East Millinocket, Maine

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— Greater Bangor Region —

n the evening of May 26, 1891 a train known as the “St. John Night Express” left the station in Bangor and headed north on its nightly trip on the Maine Central Railroad line. It consisted of a baggage car, a postal car, an express car, a Pullman sleeper and three coaches. That particular evening appeared to be just like any other night for its engineer, crew and passengers, but two hours into the journey, things changed. At a lonely station near Enfield, four armed men boarded the train in an attempt to rob the mailcar. Within half-an-hour, multiple shots were fired at the crew, two crewmen at the train station were left hiding behind bags of mail, and the four men escaped into the nearby woods. The Enfield stop was a small station located approximately one mile from the town, and although the mail and express car carried locked valuables, any thought of a possible robbery was usually reserved for the news stories from the “Wild West.” With the station practically empty and the night intensely dark, the train stopped briefly and pulled away. According to the report in the New York Times on May 27, 1891: “As the train

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The Attempted Train robbery At enfield Station Bandits escaped, but empty-handed by James Nalley

pulled out from Enfield and the fireman threw open the furnace door to coal up, he saw in the glare from the fire the face of a man peering over the rear end of the tender, evidently standing upon the platform of the sealed car.” Immediately he informed the engineer that there was a stranger on board. As the fireman turned away, the all-stop alarm was sounded. Believing that the stop cord was accidently

Discover Maine

pulled, the engineer continued at full speed. After the second alarm was sounded, two gunshots were fired, which prompted the engineer to shut the engine down. As stated in the New York Times, “Before the train had come to a stop there began rapid firing from the side of the track. Three men stood within the circle of light made by the train lamps discharging revolvers into the windows of the postal car… A fourth man was climbing a snow fence beyond them. The gleam of his revolver showed his movements.” The attack appeared to be relatively well-coordinated, with one man positioned on the forward end of the sealed car with orders to shoot the engineer if he failed to stop, and two other men positioned on the rear end of the car. But that is when the trouble started. The two men had mistakenly positioned themselves on the wrong car. After they forced open its rear door, the “mail car” turned out to be the baggage car. The report states, “Finding out their blunder, they undertook to force the front door of the mail car, but two tons of mail matter pressed against it. (Continued on page 50)

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Here, again they were frustrated. At this point they pulled the cord twice.” Within minutes after the train had first stopped, the four men jumped off and ran toward the Enfield station. Approximately half-an -hour later, the four frustrated gunmen entered the Enfield station, where they opened fire at the station- and baggage-master. The two crewmen immediately took refuge and locked themselves in a room with bags of mail. Meanwhile, the four gunmen shot out the large station lights as well as the switch lights but were scared away into the nearby woods by the approach of a freight train that routinely followed the “St. John Express.” Upon hearing the approaching train, the two crewmen lit a red-glass lantern and hung it on a broom from a broken window. If not for their ingenuity, the train would have passed the station. Meanwhile, word of the attempted robbery was sent by wire to the High Sheriff in Bangor, who immediately announced that his men would begin a search and hunt down the four gunmen. Unfortunately, a strange regulation was already set in place that prevented the plan to go forward. It stated that “No information in cases of detention of trains or accident shall be given out or made until orders are re-

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— Greater Bangor Region —

Chase’s Store, Lincoln. Item #101410 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org ceived from headquarters, which are at Portland, 137 miles away.” Considering that the time was midnight and realizing that the crucial manhunt could only be achieved the night of the incident, the “disgusted Sheriff went home.” Although a post-incident investigation was completed, which included a collection of 44caliber bullets found at the scene, there was not enough information to continue an inves-

tigation. Only an appeal was filed by the postal clerks. Fortunately, there were no injuries or fatalities for both parties. But based on the evidence and the report, the four gunmen who tried to rob the “St. John Express” at Enfield were either extremely lucky or just plain dumb. Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

Campbell’s Service Center drinkwater’s “Serving you for over 50 years from the same location” Cash Fuel

Evan M. Campbell Owner

“Temps are falling... Drinkwater’s are hauling.”

general Auto Repair for Trucks and Automobiles Open Mon.-Fri. 7am-5pm

255 Aroostook Ave. • Millinocket, ME 04462

723-6330

days: 403-1446 Nights: 794-0051

Enfield Citgo & Service Center

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— Greater Bangor Region —

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The Saga of Molly Spotted elk Penobscot from Indian Island found success as an actress and author by Charles Francis

n the early decades of the twentieth century independent-minded filmmakers took up the reality of Native American life in a traditional setting as a film venue. While this interest may have been something of a reaction to the stereotype Hollywood portrayal of the Native American, it was more an embracing of what scholars of various artistic media refer to as Primitivism. Early twentieth century Primitivism was a reaction to modernism. In painting, modernism is exemplified with such schools as Cubism and artists like Picasso. The Primitive counterpart to Cubism and Picasso may be found in folk art and Grandma Moses. In film of the silent era and early talkies, Nanook of the North and The Silent Enemy exemplify Primitivism. Nanook of the North is the better-known of the above-mentioned films. Probably that has something to do with its title. It has a ring to it that catches the ear and therefore the mind. Nanook of the North is a very good movie. So,

too, is The Silent Enemy. It may even be better. One of the reasons that it may be better has to do with its lead actress, Molly Spotted Elk, a Penobscot Native American. Molly Spotted Elk was the stage name of Mary Nelson. Mary Nelson was born on Indian Island in 1903. She was an actress, as well as a dancer. Her greatest success came in Paris of the pre-war years. I have seen both Nanook of the North and The Silent Enemy. Because of happenstance I saw both for the first time in one evening. I was visiting relatives in Allentown, Pennsylvania in the mid-1950s and they took me to the showing of the films at Mullenberg College. Because of this experience I got what I refer to as “the northern thing.” Ever since seeing the two films I have been attracted to the far north, be it the Arctic or the vast forests of our northern neighbor, Canada. And while I haven’t seen scenes like those in Nanook, I have visited the immediate area where The Silent Enemy was filmed.

Molly Spotted Elk played an Ojibwa in The Silent Enemy. The film was shot in Ojibwa country around Lake Temagami in Ontario. Temagami is a huge lake — Moosehead-size or more. The forests around it seem unending, dark and deep. The region was the perfect setting to film a movie about Native Americans before the coming of the white man. It was the perfect setting to film a movie about a people whose great enemy was hunger. The Silent Enemy was written by W. Douglas Burden. Burden was a wealthy young man drawn to the primitive. He wasn’t a screenwriter or an artist in the strict sense. He was a dabbler who had a lot of money. (One of his other projects involved funding an expedition to study Komodo lizards.) Burden had the money and the desire to make The Silent Enemy realistic. That is why he chose Temagami as his setting. That is why he used — with the significant exception of Molly Spotted Elk — Ojibwa tribe members as actors and actresses.

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(Continued on page 52)

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(Continued from page 51)

Burden chose Molly Spotted Elk for his production because he had seen her perform in New York. A good many people are familiar with the story of Molly Spotted Elk. One reason for this has to do with the 1997 biography of her, Molly Spotted Elk: A Penobscot in Paris by Bunny McBride. Another has to do with the recent release of her post-war collection of Native American tales, Katahdin: Wigwam’s Tales of the Abnaki Tribe. I read Molly Spotted Elk: A Penboscot in Paris at the suggestion of one of my former high school students, Chris Sockalexis. Chris was an anthropology major at the University of Maine and had the book in one of his classes. Molly Spotted Elk’s biography gives one a true sense of what it was like for a gifted and talented Native American to find her way in a world where her talents and gifts were viewed as aberrations by an unsophisticated middle class in general, and elite connoisseurs of art in particular. Prejudice was just one of the reasons for the view. Molly Spotted Elk was in Paris during the heyday of modernism. A long time ago I read a statement usually credited to Virginia Woolf. It goes something as follows: “On or about

— Greater Bangor Region —

December, 1910, human nature changed.” The statement relates to the formation of the Bloomsbury group of literary and artistic lights and their philosophy of modernism, a view that dominated the art world for much of the twentieth century. What the statement did was to say human nature had entered a new cultural era — that human nature had forever changed. Man was now a creature of the elite arts of Cubism, and the stream of conscious writing and the like. The statement is, of course, untrue, and Molly Spotted Elk is a very good example of just why it is untrue. Art is a part of our basic nature. Everywhere, in every culture, people dance, sing, decorate their surroundings and tell and/or act out tales. This is why Molly Spotted Elk danced. It explains why she fled America for Europe, where she hoped to find acceptance for her interpretative dancing rather than be held up as an example of the unsophisticated, rather than be expected to dress in fringed, buckskin costumes that half exposed her body. It also explains why Molly Spotted Elk put together her collection of tales. Katahdin: Wigwam’s Tales of the Abnaki Tribe is a wonderful collection of stories. It is a collection put together by someone who clearly enjoyed and understood the inherent attrac-

tion of straightforward narrative, the style of narrative lacking in works like those of a James Joyce or a William Burroughs. Molly Spotted Elk was a twentieth-century figure with the twenty-first century evolutionary psychologist’s understanding of human nature. She understood that what twentiethcentury critics viewed as Primitivism was, in reality, an expression of basic human nature. She did not deny her nature but chose to express it. This is her legacy, and this in part characterizes her saga, her odyssey. That odyssey was a journey that took Molly to Ontario and to Paris. It was a journey that included a dash with her daughter across the mountains of southern France and northern Spain to Portugal to escape the Nazi menace. Those interested in learning more about Molly Spotted Elk may do so by reading Molly Spotted Elk: A Penobscot in Paris. The biography was a Pulitzer Prize nominee. A Pulitzer nomination is one of those recognitions that is just as good as a win, which means that the biography is very, very good. Those interested in Molly Spotted Elk’s sense of the primitive will find Katahdin:Wigwam’s Tales of the Abnaki Tribe more than rewarding reading. Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

Winn SerViCe CenTer Crossroads & Yankee Candles Decorative Details for Home & Garden Delightful Gifts for Life’s Special Events Maine Jams, Jellies & Specialty Foods Handmade Chocolate Truffles Come see what we have new for you! 49 Main Street • lincoln

794-1000 www.possibilitiesgifts.com

H.C. Haynes, inc.

Family Owned & Operated Since 1963

Car & pickup repair uSed CAr SAleS

deisel repair

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LOGGING h TRUCKING h FORESTRY ROAD CONSTRUCTION h T.S.I. WORK

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456-7511

Monday - Friday, 8aM - 5PM, Saturday by appointment

736-4403

1001 Route 2 • Winn, Maine

738-2377

Willard S. Hanington, Sr 456-7511 Willard S. Hanington, Jr 944-1027

Raymond’s Variety & Diner

11 Trails • 3 Lifts 12 Miles East of Lincoln on Route 6

~ Excellent Family Fun ~

We have 2 t-Bars and a Handle tow so you can enjoy shorter lift lines and more ski time!

Chips • Pulpwood Real estate 736-3412 • 40 Route 168 • Winn, ME

1/2 Pipe for Snowboarders Snack Bar (Homecooked Food)

Open Weekends, Vacations & Holidays

www.skimtjefferson.com

gas • beer • groceries wine • sporting goods restaurant • eat in or take out pizza & subs Route 6 • Lee • 738-2558 open 3:30aM to 8PM

— Greater Bangor Region —

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The 1927 Double Murder And Suicide In West orono Drunken jealousy to blame by James Nalley

n the evening of August 4, 1927, Frank Perkins and his former wife Lizzie were taking a walk together near the edge of a road approximately 100 yards from Lizzie’s home in West Orono. What they did not know was that someone had been watching them. That someone was Charles Perkins, who happened to be both Lizzie’s current husband and the nephew of Frank. By 8:30 p.m., all three people were found dead in a pool of their own blood. Earlier in the day, the annual Orono Children’s Outing at Cole Stream Pond was held. The festive event was filled with the usual activities such as swimming and games for the children, as well as a time for adults to laugh, gossip, eat, and drink. According to the August 4, 1927 article in the Bangor Daily News, (Charles) seemed to be in good spirits but was noticed to be imbibing to some extent in alcoholic beverages.” Apparently, the level of “some extent” was an incredible amount of

rum, which had turned Charles into a paranoid and insanely jealous man. After Charles spotted his wife and uncle together, he burst out of the house with a Luger pistol and ran toward the couple. The report stated that after a “short altercation in which the woman was heard to scream ‘For God’s sake Charles, don’t!’ Charles fired once at Frank, the bullet entering the right cheek below the eye, and his victim dropped to the ground.” As Lizzie staggered back in horror, she tripped and fell to the ground. Immediately, Charles pinned her down, took out a pocket knife, and slashed her throat. Her body was also found with eight additional stab wounds to the head and body. With the bloody knife in hand, Charles ran back to his home, placed the pistol against his head and pulled the trigger (even though it was empty). As his mother walked into the kitchen, she begged Charles to hand over both the gun and the knife. After he placed both of

the items on the kitchen table, Charles walked into his bedroom and closed the door. According to the Bangor Daily News article, a gunshot was heard and his mother entered the room to find Charles sprawled across the bed with a rifle on the floor. “He had placed the butt of the gun on the floor and sitting on the edge of the bed, placed his head against the muzzle, and pulled the trigger.” It was a quick conclusion to a bloody and gruesome evening. As much as the evening seemed like some isolated, drunken incident, trouble for the Perkins family had actually begun approximately one year earlier. That is when Lizzie divorced Frank after 20 years of marriage and was frequently seen in the company of Charles. In June 1927, just two months before the tragic night, Charles and Lizzie were married. But this marriage was not a blissful one. The Bangor Daily News states that Lizzie, “had (Charles) in the Orono municipal court

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— Greater Bangor Region —

(Continued from page 53)

charging him with assault and battery. After the court proceedings, she left the building in the company with Frank and it is understood that all was not well between uncle and nephew.” Witnesses stated that both men were intensely jealous of each other, and to make matters worse, Lizzie was the catalyst. Although this altercation had ended in death for Frank Perkins, it was not the first time he was involved in a shooting incident. Seven years earlier, he and his brother James were out on a hunting trip near Pushaw Lake. After an argument with a group over the carcass of a deer, James was shot and killed by one of the men who happened to be a policeman. In an August 5, 1927 article in the Bangor Daily News, “The policeman Smith was indicted of manslaughter, tried and acquitted on the ground of self-manslaughter, tried and acquitted on the ground of self-defense. Frank was present when his brother was killed and was (also) shot several times by a young man who had accompanied the officer, and whose case was dropped when Smith was acquitted.” The private funeral of Charles Perkins was held at 10 a.m. on Thursday, August 5 at the Orono Cemetery while the double service for Frank and Lizzie Perkins was held at 2 p.m. in

Old Town Archery Center & Pro Shop

Town Hall, Main Street in Orono. Item #108942 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org the home of Frank Perkins. Upon examination of the double murder and suicide, the sheriff ’s office closed the case on the same day. As a gruesome reminder of the previous evening’s event, the evidence file included a

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Luger pistol, a bloody pocket knife, a rifle, and a half-pint bottle of alcohol. 

Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.

hAMMond’S Mobile

repAir

fully free insured estimates

207-745-4975 Darric Hammond, owner HammondsRepair@Gmail.com

Bradley Redemption Center Susan Anderson, Proprietor

• accepting all Brands of Bottles & cans • liquors, wines, etc.

827-5184 106 main Street, Bradley, maine

— Greater Bangor Region —

Discover Maine

Directory of Advertisers Business

Page

ABM Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Access Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 ADA Fence Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Alltrades Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Ames Construction . . . . . . . . . . .46 Appalachian Trail . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Auto Radiator Service . . . . . . . . .37 Bagel Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Baker Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Bangor Area Visitng Nurses . . . . .3 Bangor Frameworks . . . . . . . . . .38 Bangor Letter Shop & Color Copy Center 22 Bangor Motor Inn . . . . . . . . . . .36 Bangor Photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Bangor Tire Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 BB’s Tattoo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Bear Brook Kennels . . . . . . . . . .40 Bell’s Orono IGA . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Big Jay Tree Service . . . . . . . . . .13 Blue Loon Café . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Bowman Mini Storage . . . . . . . . .9 Bradley Redemption Center . . . .54 Brewer Veterinary Clinic . . . . . . .39 Briarwood Motor Inn . . . . . . . . .31 Briggs Plumbing & Heating . . . .45 Brookings-Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Brooks Tire & Auto . . . . . . . . . .11 Brown Family Electric . . . . . . . . .4 Bucksport Electronics . . . . . . . .13 Bugaboo Creek Steak House . . .24 C.A. Newcomb & Sons . . . . . . .12 Campbell’s Service Center . . . . .50 Carousel Diversified Services . . .26 Carter’s Citgo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Chase Toys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Children’s Village Child Care . . .12 City of Old Town . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Cleonice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Clouston Trucking . . . . . . . . . . .34 Coach House Restaurant . . . . . .34 Coffee Pot Café . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Cold Stream Storage . . . . . . . . . .50 Cole Land Transportation Museum . . .5 Colonial Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . .4 Colonial Inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Complete Tire Service . . . . . . . .15 Computer Fixx . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Corinna Auto Body . . . . . . . . . . .10 Cornerstone In Home Care . . . .14 Country Store Antiques . . . . . . .15 Cove-Side Wheel & Ski . . . . . . .20 Cox Law Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Crandall’s Hardware . . . . . . . . . .48 Crystal Limousine . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Cummings Health Care Facility .47 Custom Memorial Designs . . . . .31 D.H. Pinnette & Sons Inc. . . . . . .6 Daniel P. Duff & Associates . . .39 Dave Eaton Water Treatment . . .5 David B. Pooler Land Surveyor .15 Davis Dirt Works & Excavation .7 DeLaite’s Trucking Inc. . . . . . . .51 Dexter Lumber Co. . . . . . . . . . . .11 DLC Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Dorsey Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Dover Audiology . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Dover True Value . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Down East Sheet Metal . . . . . . .40 Dow’s Eastern White Shingles . .25 Drinkwater’s Cash Fuel . . . . . . . .50 Drummond Construction . . . . .43

Business

Page

Dunnett Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 E.H. Downs Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 E.R. Palmer Lumber Co. . . . . . .43 Eastern Maine Home Care . . . . . .3 Elaine’s Basket Café . . . . . . . . . .46 Enfield Citgo & Service Center .50 Fairmount Market . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Foreign Auto Center . . . . . . . . . .38 Fort View Variety . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Frank’s Bakery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Freedom Power Equipment . . . .36 Freightliner of Maine . . . . . . . . .37 G. Drake Masonry . . . . . . . . . . .18 Galeyrie Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Gateway Inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 George Adams CPA . . . . . . . . . .26 Gerald Pelletier Inc. . . . . . . . . . .29 Gillmor’s Beef N’ Ale . . . . . . . . .31 Global Self Storage . . . . . . . . . . .53 Gunn’s Sport Shop . . . . . . . . . . .40 H&R Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 H.C. Haynes, Inc. Logging . . . . .52 H2O Well Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Hall’s Valley View Septic . . . . . .46 Hammond Lumber Co. . . . . . . .19 Hammond’s Mobile Repair . . . .54 Hancock Chimney Cleaning . . . .21 Harris Drug Store . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Hills Granite & Marble . . . . . . . .28 Hobnobbers Pub . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Horton, McFarland & Veysey . .16 Houston Brooks Auctioneers . . . .6

Business

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Mortons Moo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Mt. Jefferson Ski Area . . . . . . . .52 Napa Auto & Truck Parts . . . . .14 New Leaf Naturals . . . . . . . . . . .18 Newport Big Stop Family Restaurant 19 Newt’s Custom Construction . . .28 Nicatous Lodge & Camps . . . . .53 Nickerson’s Septic Tank Pumping 8 Nicky’s Cruisin’ Diner . . . . . . . . .39 Norm Cookson Realty . . . . . . . .10 North Star Studios . . . . . . . . . . .27 North Woods Real Estate . . . . . .28 Northern Blasting . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Old Town Archery Center . . . . .54 Owen Gray & Son, Inc. . . . . . . .22 Pampered Chef . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Pearson Auto Recycling . . . . . . .41 Pelletier’s Loggers Restaurant . . .29 Penco Contractors . . . . . . . . . . .31 Penobscot Marine Museum . . . .33 Penobscot Valley Hospital . . . . .51 Percko Supply Inc. . . . . . . . . . . .11 Perry O’ Brian Attorney at Law .38 Pine Grove Crematorium . . . . . .35 Piper Mountain Christmas Trees 12 Pleasant River Lumber . . . . . . . .45 Plumbline Carpentry . . . . . . . . . .28 Poirier’s Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Polar Air Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Pri Steen Builders . . . . . . . . . . . .15 R.A. Thomas Logging . . . . . . . .43

Business

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Ramsdell Auto Supply . . . . . . . .13 Raymond’s Variety & Diner . . . .52 RC Builders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 RH Foster Energy LLC . . . . . . .27 Richard Parks Furniture . . . . . . .56 Rick’s Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Rick’s Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 RN’K Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Robbins Auto & Truck Repair . .34 Rogan’s Memorial . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Roger’s Plumbing & Heating . . .41 Roger’s Small Engine Repair . . .51 Rooster Brother . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Sara Sara’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Seamans Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Sebasticook Valley Federal Credit Union . . . .7

Sign Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Skills, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Smart’s True Value Annex . . . . .51 Smart’s True Value Hardware . . .51 Smitty’s Welding Inc. . . . . . . . . . .16 Snap Fitness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Snowman’s Oil & Soil . . . . . . . . . .7 Snow’s Saw Shop . . . . . . . . . . . .46 South Branch Lake Camps . . . . .30 St. Albans Mini Mart . . . . . . . . . .7 St. Albans Stove Shop . . . . . . . . .20 State St. Wine Cellar . . . . . . . . . .22 Steinke & Caruso Dental . . . . . .45 Steve Hachey’s Rust Proofing . .41 Stewart’s Wrecker Service . . . . . . .6 Stone’s Earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Business

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Swett’s Tire & Auto . . . . . . . . . .37 T & W Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Tate Brook Timber Co. Inc. . . . . .6 The Covered Bridge Motel . . . . .44 The General Store and More . . .47 The Grasshopper Shop . . . . . . .56 The Kneaded Touch . . . . . . . . . .36 The Plymouth Village Store . . . . .8 The Residence at Tall Pines . . . .35 The Tax Clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Thomas P. Duff, Financial Advisor . .39 Timbers Restaurant . . . . . . . . . . .15 Tim’s Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Town of Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Trailside One Stop . . . . . . . . . . .27 Tri City Pizza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Tucker Auto Repair . . . . . . . . . . .36 Twin Super Buffet . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Vacationland Inn . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Vancil Vision Care . . . . . . . . . . .13 Varney Chevrolet . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Vicki Wolfertz Architect . . . . . . .42 WERU - FM Community Radio . .25 Whittens 2 Way Service . . . . . . .25 Willard S. Hanington & Son Inc. 52 Winn Service Center . . . . . . . . . .52 WKIT/WZON . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Yates Lumber Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Young Funeral Home . . . . . . . . .13

Howland Enfield Federal Credit Union . . . .29

In-Home Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 J.C. Milliken Agency, Inc. . . . . . .14 J.D. Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Jackman Auto Parts . . . . . . . . . .42 Jay’s Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 JDL Towing & Salvage . . . . . . . .11 John R. Crooker Insurance Agency . .13

Johnson Foundations . . . . . . . . .45 Just Barb’s Restaurant . . . . . . . . .21 K&K Towing & Auto Salvage . . .8 Katahdin Karpentry . . . . . . . . . .47 KC’s Country Store . . . . . . . . . . .43 Kimball Insurance, LLC . . . . . . .43 King Bros. General Contractors 47 Lander & Sons Inc. . . . . . . . . . . .44 Lane Conveyors & Drives Inc. . .26 Larry’s Wood Products . . . . . . . .48 LeClair Construction . . . . . . . . . .3 Lee J. Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Lennie’s Superette . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Lincoln Lakes Chamber of Commerce . . .30 Lincoln Maine Federal Credit Union .28

Lincoln Powersports . . . . . . . . . .50 Linden Ridge Homebirth Care . .9 Linkletter & Sons Inc. . . . . . . . . . .7 Maine Energy Inc. . . . . . . . . . . .22 Maine Equipment Company . . . .6 Maine Highlands Federal Credit Union . . . . .5

Maine Historical Society . . . . . . .17 Maine’s Own Treats . . . . . . . . . .16 Marden’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Maynard’s In Maine . . . . . . . . . .27 Mayo Regional Hospital . . . . . . .45 Mid State Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Mike Nelligan Construction . . . . .6 Millmark Products Inc. . . . . . . . .14 Mitchell Tweedie Funeral Home 13 Moosehead Sled Repair & Rentals LLC . . .26

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