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be involved in the planning and construction of the park and will settle there. In addition, the city of Nanchang is going to become one of China’s ‘low carbon cities’, which will be achieved through investments in infrastructure construction ranging from bridges to underground railways, refuse and waste water management, and energy-efficient measures in commercial and residential construction. A ‘master plan’ for the development of the city and expert courses on ‘low carbon training’ have already been implemented, and two further pilot projects are being planned. In addition, a declaration of consent has been drawn up between Austria and China with regard to cooperation in the areas of energy efficiency and environmental protection. A dedicated ‘Office of Science and Technology’ has been set up to broker business relationships, under the auspices of the Foreign Office in Vienna. To
Innovations are increasing in importance More movement is already visible in the scientific roots of innovation, basic research. America is still the number one scientific power, but China is trying hard to undermine the USA’s position. Research expenditure and publications exhibit the highest growth rates in the People’s Republic. According to ‘Science and Engineering Indicators’, a series of statistics published by the National Science Foundation for the US science and education system, China is continuously catching up in terms of the volume of publications from its researchers and has now even secured itself third place. What is more, research expenditure by Asian countries now exceeds that of the USA. China’s science budget has tripled since 1998, while expenditure in Europe has hardly increased at all during the same period. In 2012 China spent 1.98 per cent of its gross domestic product on research, while in the 28 member states of the European Union it was 1.96 per cent. It is true that the West never tires of stressing that quantity is not quality, and catching up is not the same as overtaking. In the specialist journal ‘Nature’ Denis Simon, a scientific researcher at Arizona State University, also points out that Chinese specialist articles are quoted relatively seldom outside China itself. But since the West bases its economic growth on research and development, western countries need to take China’s efforts entirely seriously and bundle their research budgets so that they are not also overtaken in terms of quality one day.
hospitals is also one of the major investment areas”, explains Andesner. It still remains to be seen whether the People’s Republic will achieve the turnaround to an innovative, sustainable economy. “It is not easy to answer the questions of how innovative China really is. It may indeed be highly innovative, in particular when major investments need to be made in research and development in very specific areas”, says Andesner: “But generally innovations in China do not currently tend to be research-driven, the way they normally are in western countries. Instead need-driven tactics tend to be common: innovations come about in the search for solutions to specific problems. Against this background, innovations in China are mostly further developments.” Eva Stanzl ■
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Austrians are going to help All the same, the centre of gravity of the creative research that could yield groundbreaking innovations is still in the West. European expertise is in demand. In autumn 2011 an Austrian trade mission took place to China to strengthen economic connections. “With our know-how we can do something for the country and be successful as businesses”, said Economic Chamber President Christoph Leitl. Back in Vienna, Leitl organised an economic symposium with more than 100 Chinese and 300 Austrian companies. In Beijing a contact exchange was set up for Austrian-Chinese companies, followed by the economic symposium ‘China – Vision 2020’. Head of state Hu Jintao visited Austria with a 160-person delegation and emphasised: “Austria has a number of strengths in the area of environmental protection and is a world market leader in some sectors. On our side we can offer a large, growing market.” He added that this is a good basis for cooperation in energy and environment technology, infrastructure, medical technology, machine building, electronics, engineering services and chemicals, and also in high technology, where several Austrian companies are world market leaders.
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Ties are being created Since then the aerospace supplier FACC, for example, has founded a joint venture with a partner locally. It aims to have its own production plant in China to supply the growing aerospace market in Zhenjiang, around 250 kilometres north-east of Shanghai. And the Styrian printed circuit board manufacturer AT&S is also relocating parts of its production to China. The visit has also led to the signing of a memorandum on cooperation in the construction and design of the Su-Tong ecopark in Nantong. Austrian companies will initially
some extent this will operate as an embassy for research, technology and development. Trade counsellor Andesner also sees investment opportunities for Austrian companies in the machine building sector, which is one of Austria’s most important export products in its trade with China. He believes that in the area of special machinery in particular there continue to be good opportunities for innovative domestic firms. Austria could continue to score points in biotechnology and medical technology: “China has a great need to catch up here and is reliant on foreign technology and know-how. Thus at the moment, against the background of population trends, China is investing heavily in old people’s homes, an industry which has a great requirement for medical technology. The construction of private
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