Quality and Testing Regulations for
M at t resses
Quality Assurance
RAL-GZ 430/6
Dated: January 2022
Editor
RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e. V.
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53229 Bonn
Tel.: (+49) 228 68895-0
Fax: (+49) 228 68895-430
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© 2022, RAL, Bonn
Quality and Testing
Regulations for Mattresses
Quality Assurance
RAL-GZ 430/6
Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft
Möbel e.V.
Friedrichstraße 13 - 15
90762 Fürth
Tel.: +49 911 950 999 80
Fax: +49 911 950 999 850
E-Mail: dgm@dgm-moebel.de
Internet: www.dgm-moebel.de
These Quality and Testing Regulations have been established by RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e. V. (RAL German Institute for Quality Assurance and Labelling) under the principles for quality labelling in a recognition process together with expert groups and responsible authorities
Bonn, January 2022
RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e. V.
Foreword to the Furniture Quality Assurance RAL-GZ 430
RAL-GZ 430 has been the “gold standard” for good furniture quality for more than half a century. However, its contents require constant adaptation in order to meet the needs of changing consumer requirements on the one hand and technical as well as social developments on the other. Standards, laws, and other recognised rules of technology are constantly changing. They are an essential part of RAL-GZ 430, which in its quality requirements, however, often goes beyond normative basic requirements.
With the claim of a holistic quality standard for furniture, RAL-GZ 430 includes in testable form the topics of processing quality, utility and comfort, product safety, healthy living as well as sustainability in product design and material selection.
The previously proven requirements and test methods have been adopted largely unchanged in this new edition of the RAL. In detail, however, changes, updates and adaptations were necessary, based on the experience in dealing with this set of rules and due to changes in standards which are referenced in this RAL.
As the person responsible for the editorial processing of the results of the DGM working groups, I would like to express my special thanks to the staff of these working groups as well as to the editorial team of the DGM. Without the dedicated cooperation and competent contributions of the voluntary DGM working group participants, further development and updating of RAL-GZ 430 would not have been possible.
Reimund Heym Head of Technology and Standardisation
It all started with RAL-GZ 430. It is the basis for the “Golden M” certification, which focused on quality, function, and environmental compatibility early on. It was and still is a matter of consumer protection.
I am all the more pleased that the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V. recognised early on that quality, and thus durability, is an essential part of sustainability. Various certification offers in this area followed, whether it was climate neutrality or emission measurements of the products. Then, in 2019, very consistently, the Advisory Board for Sustainability was founded to meet the everincreasing pressure for change, which was also of a legislative nature. Today, sustainability is no longer a trend, nor is it a megatrend, but a must, an imperative.
We need to recognise that companies are part of the environment and part of society, that we are all part of a system with interdependencies, no matter what we do or don’t do. Sustainability management is a journey that never ends for companies. With its various certifications, the DGM offers companies goals and intermediate destinations for this journey, and thus also offers the end-consumer reliable information on the subject of sustainability.
With this in mind, I am honoured to be able to shape the future with the wonderful people on the Advisory Board and I look forward to continued constructive discussions leading to results for the good of all.
Dr Susanne Steinhauer Chairwoman Advisory Board for Sustainability
1. Area of Application
These Quality and Testing Regulations apply to the condition of mattresses for residential use in new condition that may be labelled with the RAL quality mark. All legal regulations must be observed as a matter of principle. In addition, quality assured mattresses must meet the requirements as defined below. All standards relating to the scope of these Quality and Testing Regulations shall be consulted as well.
Only the most recent versions of standards or their relevant replacements are valid. The requirements take into account as standard climate according to DIN 50014 a temperature of 23° C and a relative humidity of 50% and apply to furniture in new condition.
Proper transport and professional assembly of the products are assumed.
2. Quality and Testing Regulations
The basic requirements for quality assured mattresses are regulated by the relevant standards and guidelines of the Quality and Testing Regulations, compliance with which is mandatory as a prerequisite for initial testing according to Section 3.1 Mattresses that contain functional and constructional elements not included in RAL-GZ 430 must conform to current technological standards.
3. Monitoring
Monitoring is divided as follows:
• Initial testing
• Internal quality control
• External quality control
• Repeat testing
• Testing and monitoring reports / Approval license
• Testing costs
• Inspectors
3.1. Initial testing
Passing the initial test is one of the requirements for the award and use of the quality mark of the Quality Association. Initial testing is carried out in the production facilities of the applicant. As part of this assessment, random laboratory test samples are taken from ongoing production by the commissioned third-party inspector. If the applicant can provide test certificates for supplied products or materials, the test procedure is reduced. It is, however,
important that these documents (test certificates may not be older than 1 year) are based on the current technological standards and the tests were carried out by competent and neutral testing institutes.
3.2. Internal quality control
Ongoing internal quality control, which can be reproduced at any time, is mandatory for all quality mark users. Users must carefully record the results of internal quality controls, keep them for at last 5 years and present them to the appointed inspector for inspection upon request within the scope of external quality control procedures.
3.3. External quality control
In order to ensure the consistent quality of quality assured products, external quality control is carried out every 2 years on the premises of the quality mark user. Within the first 3 years of awarding the quality mark/membership, external quality control is carried out annually. This test covers the inspection of the results of all quality control measures (e. g. internal quality control, test reports from competent, neutral testing institutes) and the inspection of the proper manufacturing of “quality assured mattresses”
3.4. Repeat testing of external quality control
If deficiencies in the quality assurance are detected during external quality control measures, the Quality Committee can order a repetition of the test, whereby the type, content and scope of this test are determined by the Quality Committee of Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V. Should the repeat test also conclude with a negative result, the Quality Committee may, in agreement with the Executive Board, take further measures in accordance with Section 11.5 of the Implementing Regulations for the Award and Use of the Quality Mark.
3.5. Test and monitoring report / Approval license
The contracted external inspectors must draw up corresponding test reports on the tests and quality control procedures carried out; the applicant or quality mark user each receive copies of said reports.
Based on the passed tests, the DGM office issues an approval license for the mattress programmes listed therein for a certain term.
3.6. Testing costs
The applicant or quality mark user must bear all arising testing or monitoring costs.
3.7. Inspectors
The Quality Association appoints suitable, expert testing institutes to carry out tests and monitoring measures.
Institutes entrusted with this task must prove their identity to the applicant or quality mark user by submitting a written identification before starting their work.
4. Sustainability
Sustainability is to be understood as a development that is ecologically compatible, socially just and economically efficient.
Important in this context is a long product life, which can only be achieved through high quality, which contributes significantly to saving resources and which is therefore an essential part of sustainable economic activity. Another aspect of sustainability is the consideration of social impacts.
Sustainability as well as the environment and personal health are particularly important to consumers today. In close cooperation with leading testing institutes and taking into account more recent specifications of the Federal Environment Agency, the requirements were revised and adapted to the latest scientific findings.
These requirements apply to mattresses as purchasable by consumers in furniture stores. Manufacturers must ensure that all supplied materials (including those from abroad) comply with the statutory European and German regulations (e. g. Chemicals Act, Banned Chemicals Ordinance and Ordinance on Hazardous Substances, REACH POP) as well as additional DGM requirements.
In case of mandatory normative, legal, safety-relevant as well as contractual specifications regarding the use of materials, substances and requirements, the effects on the requirements according to RAL-GZ 430, especially in the contract sector, are not taken into consideration.
The initial and monitoring tests are to be carried out according to Point 3
4.1. Protection of health
The preparations (paints, adhesives, stains, coatings, etc.) must not contain substances of the following categories as formulation components:
Substances according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation):
Categories Carcinogenic 1A and 1B, Mutagenic 1A and 1B, Toxic to reproduction 1A and 1B
a) Sensitising substances according to the Technical Rule for Hazardous Substances (TRGS) 907 and the EC Regulation 1272/2008, Annex VI
b) Substances which are of very high concern for other reasons, and which have been included in the list (so-called candidate list 1) established in accordance with REACH Article 59(1)
c) Acutely toxic (poisonous) of the category Acute Tox. 1 or Acute Tox. 2
d) Toxic to specific target organs of the category STOT SE 1, STOT SE 2, STOT RE 1, or STOT RE 2
Excluded from these regulations are:
a) Process-related, technically unavoidable impurities that are below the classification limits for mixtures.
b) Monomers or additives that react to form polymers or are chemically bonded (covalently) into the plastic during plastic production if their residual concentrations are below the classification limit for mixtures.
4.1.1. Requirements for test samples
The examinations in test chambers can be carried out both as whole-body tests and as component tests. The selection of test samples is to be agreed between the testing institute and the manufacturer and is to be carried out in such a way that all model variants awarded the quality mark are represented by the test
4.1.2. Test material
The final products falling within the area of application differ in shape, materials and the number of materials used. Therefore, in each individual case, the test procedure and the selection of test samples must be determined by the testing institute responsible for the surveillance test in consultation with the manufacturer.
4.1.2.1. Transport
The packaged sample material must be transported to the testing institute as quickly as possible. No more than 7 days may elapse between packaging and arrival at the testing institute.
4.1.3. Sample preparation
Until the start of the test, the test sample or sample material must be stored at the testing institute in packaged form.
When calculating the emission area, the surfaces on both sides and the narrow surfaces must be included.
1 Link to the candidate list of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH): https://echa.europa.eu/de/candidate-list-table
After completion of the test samples, they must be immediately placed in the test chambers or stored in packages until the test chamber is loaded.
For the manufacturer's own internal documentation, a sampling protocol (dates of production, packaging, shipping, etc.) must be created for each sample.
The time between packaging of the samples at the manufacturer and loading of the chambers should be as short as possible. According to DIN EN 16516, the test must be started within 8 weeks after sampling, provided that the sample is stored in the laboratory in the specified packaging and under normal indoor conditions. Sampling, sample receipt and test start must be documented in the test report.
4.1.4. Emission requirements for mattresses
Table 1 – Emission requirements for mattresses and materials
1) Testing method according to DE-UZ 119
2) The test can be terminated on the 7th day after loading if the required final values of the 28th day are reached and no increase in concentration of one of the detected substances can be detected compared to the measurement on the 3rd day
3) Sum of all individual substances ≥ 5 µg/m³) at test chamber concentration.
4) The substance Dimethylformamide (DMF, CAS 68-12-2) is treated separately during the assessment of CMR properties. For DMF, a limit value (based on the LCI value) of <15 µg/m³ after 28 days applies. The value after 3 days shall not be included in the total evaluation. For the calculation of the R value, DMF must still be taken into account. This regulation is valid for a transitional period until 31.12.2023. As of 01.01.2024, it will no longer apply.
Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are excluded from the CMR assessment (classification: Carc. 1B).
5) The R value is based on the current list of LCI values according to AgBB; https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/4031/dokumente/agbb_bewertungsschema_2021.pdf
For mattress cover materials, test certificates according to STANDARD 100 by OEO-TEX or according to the IVN Naturtextil seal are alternatively recognised as proof of RAL-GZ 430.
Definitions of TVOCspec und TSVOC
TVOCspec:
Sum of all individual substances found ≥ 5 µg/m³ in the retention range C6–C16 (between nhexane up to and including n-hexadecane). The determination is carried out in accordance with the currently valid AgBB scheme. Data in the AgBB scheme for C substances apply here to CMR substances of category 1A and 1B.
TSVOC:
Sum of all individual substances ≥ 5 µg/m³ in the retention range > C16–C22. In individual cases, LCI values have been derived for SVOC. The SVOCs for which LCI values have been determined are to be included in the R value calculation for the requirements after 28 days and are no longer subject to the sum SVOC value. The sum of the TVOCspec value and the sum of the individual SVOC with LCI value must not exceed the TVOC requirements after 28 days (AgBB procedure).
General information on TVOC and TSVOC:
The basis for measuring the emission of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde is the BAM test method in the current version.
The requirements for the test chamber procedure and the analysis are based on DIN EN 16516 in conjunction with the DIN EN ISO 16000 et. seq. series of standards.
4.1.4.1. Odour
The odour test shall be performed after a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 28 days of residence time in the test chamber. In case of a previous test according to Point 4.1.4 testing can be carried out after the previous test is completed. In the case of several tests, the result of the last test series (longest period in test chamber) is definitive.
Requirements:
Score to be maintained: Level 3.0
The majority of individual scores must not be above level 3.0.
The average must be ≤ 3.0.
Testing:
Odour neutral room:
Temperature: 23° C ± 1° C
Humidity 50% r. h. ± 5% r. h.
Airflow rate: Depending on the type of test sample
Chamber volume: The chamber volume is based on the specified test chamber size (Table 1)
Room loading: Depending on the type of test sample
At least 7 test persons independently assess the odour intensity according to a 5-point scale:
1 = no odour
2 = weak odour
3 = distinctive, not unpleasant odour
4 = unpleasant odour
5 = unbearable odour
The following should be recorded:
• Age and sex of test persons
• Room size
• Room temperature
• Room humidity (rel. humidity)
• Date of assessment
• Time span between production and odour assessment
• Type of odour
Test persons: The test persons (at least 7 persons, at least 3 of them women) should spend at least 10 minutes in a room with clean air before the odour test. The odour assessment is performed undiluted. The test persons should not have any previous exposure to the odours to be evaluated.
Mean value:
Of all the individual values determined, one highest and one lowest are not to be used for averaging. Only the mean value is given in test reports.
4.1.5. Additional material requirements
4.1.5.1. Chlorophenols
Pentachlorophenols / Tetrachlorophenols / Trichlorophenols
Test specimen: natural fibres, latex
Requirements:
Table 2 – Values to be maintained for individual biocides
PCP Tetrachlorophenols Trichlorophenols
Natural fibres < 1 mg/kg < 1 mg/kg
Latex < 0 5 mg/kg < 0 5 mg/kg < 1 mg/kg
Method of analysis:
The sample is heated with 1 m KOH in a drying oven. An aliquot of the extract is derivatised with acetic anhydride. The derivative is extracted with n-hexane and analysed on capillaryGC by ECD. Other methods are permitted if comparability has been demonstrated.
4.1.5.2. Flame retardants in PUR foam
Test specimen: PUR foams
Requirements:
The use of halogen-organic flame retardants and plasticisers is not permitted.
(Exception: furniture in buildings with increased fire protection requirements, such as theatres).
Value(s) to be observed:
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP): < 10 mg/kg
Tris(2-chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP): < 50 mg/kg
Tris(1,2-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCP): < 50 mg/kg
Method of analysis:
Extraction and determination by GC-MSD*
*Or equivalent method
4.1.5.3. PAH (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)
Testing and evaluation according to AfPS GS 2019:01 PAC
GS Specification “Testing and Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in the Award of the GS Mark” of the Product Safety Committee (AfPS) as of April 2020 or the respective current regulation.
Proof via manufacturer’s declaration possible.
4.2. Protection of the environment and climate
4.2.1.
Energy and eco-balance
The efforts of manufacturers to minimise the energy and atmospheric environmental impact associated with the transport of their products and supplier materials must be evident from appropriate documents.
The use of self-generated, renewable energy and the purchase of CO2 neutral energy are to be preferred.
To optimise the use of materials and energy with regard to a sustainable eco-balance, the implementation of a life cycle assessment based on the systematics of the standards
DIN EN ISO 14001, DIN EN ISO 14040 and DIN EN ISO 14044 is suitable.
A life cycle assessment or environmental declaration of the products according to DIN EN ISO 14025 (EPD verification) is also recommended).
4.2.2. Human and ecosystem health
In addition to the legal regulations on the handling of chemicals that are harmful to humans and the environment (e. g. REACH Regulation), this Furniture Quality Assurance RAL-GZ 430 contains extensive testing requirements to ensure that mattresses are tested for harmful substances
4.2.2.1.
Liquid coating systems / spray glue
Operators of coating plants/spray adhesive systems must comply with the requirements of the 31st Federal Imission Control Act (BlmSchV). This shall be proven via the manufacturer’s declaration.
4.2.3. Use of materials
4.2.3.1.
Plastic components
Plastic components > 50 g should be labelled according to DIN EN ISO 11469 and should not contain additives of other materials that conflict with recycling.
4.2.3.2. Adhesives
The VOC content of adhesives should not exceed 10% for water-based systems and 30% for solvent-based systems
4.2.3.3.
CFC
CFC must not be used in production (CFC halogen ban).
Proof via manufacturer’s declaration
4.2.3.4.
PVC
The use of PVC should be limited to parts for which no equivalent other materials are available and for which the special properties of PVC are required.
The use of PVC must be indicated in the product information (PI). Dismountable PVC parts are exempt from this regulation if they are clearly marked as PVC parts.
4.2.4. Circular economy
4.2.4.1. Construction layout – wear – durability
The principles of recycling-friendly design (VDI 2243) must be observed. The use of recyclable and biodegradable materials is to be preferred.
The durability of the products shall be ensured by adherence to this RAL and appropriate design. In addition, maintenance care contributes to a long life of the product.
4.2.4.2. Packaging
The packaging material must be suitable for reuse or recycling. The packaging must be designed in such a way that any volatile components of the mattresses can outgas.
4.2.4.3. Mattress recycling
With regard to reusability and recycling, no material preservatives (fungicides, insecticides, flame retardants) and no halogen-organic compounds may be added to mattresses, including the materials used for their manufacture (adhesives, coatings, etc.).
This does not apply to fungicides used solely for pot preservation in aqueous coating materials and glues or flame retardants in which inorganic ammonium phosphates (diammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, etc.), boron compounds (boric acid, borates) or other water-releasing minerals (aluminium trihydrate or similar) are used for flame retardation.
4.3. Social responsibility
With a view to sustainable human resources development and to ensure health, occupational safety and social working conditions, a company should, in accordance with good
management practice, define and document responsibilities and procedural rules concerning this matter.
These include in particular:
• Fair hiring practices
• Continuing education of employees
• Social responsibility in company regulations
• Social ethics
Social ethics may also include social measures for the local environment of the operating site (e. g. sponsoring cultural or charitable institutions)
Compliance with the requirements can be achieved through membership of the UN Global Compact 12.8 or equivalent certificates.
The Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel supports the UN Global Compact and its 10 principles. These guiding principles for business and human rights are to be implemented by the quality mark users. The implementation is documented during the monitoring audits.
With regard to social responsibility for products of the supply chain over which the company has no direct influence, preference is to be given wherever possible to supplier companies that take social standards into account.
4.4. Advertising statements
Advertising claims must not contain any statements such as “biologically tested” or similar statements that play down hazards as laid out in the EU Directive 67/548/EWG Article 23 (Designation) Section 4 (e. g. “non- toxic”, “no risk to health”, “free from …”)
5. General Quality Principles
It is a prerequisite for “furniture with the quality mark” that suitable materials and construction elements are used which are appropriate to the product and have been professionally processed. Safety, function, and utility are assessed according to the latest standards of technology at the time of product launch. Environmental and health protection as well as product information are essential quality features.
Deviations from the Quality and Testing Regulations
Deviations from the requirements laid out in the Quality and Testing Regulations may be made if an equivalent or higher quality and safety objective is achieved by other means. Suitable proof is required.
Visual inspections
Visual inspections are carried out under the following conditions (unless otherwise specified):
General assessment: At distance of 2 to 3 m
Detailed assessment: At distance of 0.7 ± 0.1 m
Assessment basis: normal vision; diffuse daylight (without direct sunlight or artificial light).
Parts that are not visible in the position of use or subordinate parts as well as irregularities that are only visible in grazing light are excluded from the assessment.
5.1. Definition mattress
Loose cushion for reclining and sleeping furniture with a core of elastic material, covered on all sides with upholstery fabric. Between the cover fabric and the elastic core, a cover made of textile fibres or fabrics (fibre fleece, non-woven fabric, cotton wool, etc.) may be applied.
5.2. Product information
The product information for mattresses shall be made available to the retailer for marketing purposes and for passing on to the end customer and contains the following details based on RAL-GZ 430/6:
1. Product designation
2. Product label*
3. Structural design
5. Model variants
7. Weight
8. Type of upholstery / core structure***
9. Degree of hardness (12.2 )
10. Suitability for adjustable bed bases
11. Recommendations for suitable slat bases
*Labelling obligations according to the Product Safety Act (ProdSG) and the Textile Labelling Act must be observed.
**Material / fabric
Fabric name
Fabric type
Material composition
Weight per unit area
**Upholstery
Material designation****
Volume weight (for foam)
Number of springs (for spring core)
***To prove that it is a zone mattress, DIN SPEC 68200 must be taken into account.
****Definitions of foam types, see Appendix 12.1
Additional required information:
- Care characteristics1)
- Characteristics typical of use and goods (e. g. summer and winter side)
- Washing instructions for removable covers
1) Information on necessary ventilation: The customer should be advised of the risk of mould and/or mildew stains forming if the mattress is insufficiently ventilated, and climatic conditions are unfavourable.
Visual inspection
5.3.
Maintenance care
In order to allow the consumer a long period of use, as well as to effectively conserve resources in the sense of the circular economy, the provision of information for the maintenance care of the products is indispensable (see also Point 5.2).
5.4. Tolerances (nominal dimensions)
Dimensions of the mattress according to tolerance recommendations of DIN EN 1334
Dimensional inspection according to DIN EN 1334
6. Mattress structure
6.1. Material qualities
The materials listed below, their characteristic values and processing are considered by experience to guarantee good product quality. Mattress systems made of materials other than those listed in this guideline are permissible if the finished product meets the requirements of Point 6.2.6.
6.1.1. Cushion spring wire for spring cores
Cold-drawn cushioning spring wire, tempered during spring production, of the strength class according to DIN EN 10204/3.1; minimum tensile strength 1600 N/mm2.
Maximum permissible deviation from the nominal diameter: ± 0.03 mm for the finished spring, taking into account the oval deformation caused by production.
Deviation of the nominal tensile strength < 10%. For environmental reasons, the use of a mechanically descaled spring core is recommended.
6.1.2. Cover fabrics
6.1.2.1. Basis weight Requirement:
Knitted fabric: > 200 g/m2
Knitted fabric quilted with cover: > 160 g/m2
Testing according to DIN EN 12127
6.1.2.2. Maximum tensile strength
Requirement:
Warp: > 600 N / 50 mm
Weft: > 350 N / 50 mm
Testing according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1
6.1.2.3. Thread density / stitch density
Requirement:
Knitted fabric (top side): > 90 stitches / cm2
Woven fabric: > 50 warp and weft threads / cm
Visual inspection
6.1.2.4. Slippage resistance of fabric
Fabric must be sufficiently resistant to slipping. This requirement is deemed to be fulfilled if the warp and weft threads cannot be displaced under slight compressive force generated by the fingers.
No shifting of warp and weft threads.
Testing by hand test
6.1.2.5. Light fastness
For light colours, a tolerance of a fastness rating of 0.5 applies.
DGM requirement: At least level 5
Pastel and red shades: At least level 4
Testing according to DIN EN ISO 105-B02, Procedure 2 (Procedure 3 may be used for quality control purposes.)
6.1.2.6. Rubbing fastness dry
DGM requirement:
Testing according to DIN EN ISO-105 X12
At least fastness rating 4
6.1.2.7. Rubbing fastness wet
DGM requirement: At least fastness rating 3
Testing according to DIN EN ISO-105 X12
6.1.2.8. Perspiration fastness
DGM requirement: At least fastness rating 4
Testing according to DIN EN ISO-105 E04
6.1.2.9. Water fastness
DGM requirement: At least fastness rating 4
Testing according to DIN EN ISO-105 E01
6.1.3. Other materials
Yarn count
The minimum thread count for sewing thread shall be machine thread 125 decitex x 3 (Nm 80/3) or thicker.
Testing according to DIN EN ISO 2060
Maximum tensile force for yarn
The maximum tensile force must be at least 12 N.
Testing according to DIN EN ISO 2062
6.2. Constructional requirements
6.2.1. Processing of spring cores
For covering the spring elements with the exception of pocket spring cores, a spring fabric made of jute with a minimum weight per unit area of 260 g/m2 or an equivalent textile fabric such as needle felt with non-metallic backing or binder consolidation shall be applied at least to the reclining surfaces.
In addition, padding supports made of needle felt or needled wadding, needled coir and sisal fibres or coir press pile are permissible for covering. For these, the minimum weights per unit area are 700 g/m2 for needle felt or needled cotton wool, 500 g/m2 for coir or sisal fibres (also
mixed with each other), and also 500 g/m2 for coir press pile. For coloured wadding, a grammage of > 400 g/m2 is required.
All upholstery supports must cover the core to such an extent that they do not have a greater distance than 8.5 cm from the edge of the finished mattress at any point.
If the spring core is surrounded all around and on the sides by a foam frame made of polyether foam, this must have a net foam weight ≥ 23 kg/m3 and a minimum width of 50 mm, 30 mm for spring cores of the pocket spring system, and a maximum width of 100 mm (max. 80 mm is recommended). Composite foam is not permitted for foam frames. For coarse padding made of PUR foam or latex, a minimum thickness of 25 mm must be observed (see also Point 6.2.4 ).
Visual and dimensional inspection, weight test
6.2.2. Polyether foam cores
Polyether foam cores made of PUR can consist of block foam or moulded foam.
Requirements for foam when used for mattress cores:
PUR foam (block / moulded foam)
Volume weight*
Testing according to DIN EN ISO 845
Physical values
Compression set according to DIN EN ISO 1856 (50%)
Hardness loss
Determination of fatigue by constant impact load
DIN EN ISO 3385
(DIN EN ISO 2439 Procedure A)
Rebound resilience
HR foam
Visco foam / gel foam
Testing according to DIN EN ISO 8307
≥ 33 kg/m3 net
≤ 4%
max. 30%
> 50%
< 15%
Permissible tolerances
Volume weight according to DIN EN ISO 845
Compression stress value (compression hardness) according to DIN EN ISO 3386-1
Indentation hardness according to DIN EN ISO 2439 Proc. C
Odour emission: see Point 4.1.4.1 and VDA 270 for incoming goods inspection
*Residue on ignition < 1%; testing and evaluation according to DIN EN ISO 1172
**The minus tolerance may only be used if the ordered minimum volume weight is not undercut
5%**
15%
15%
Note: Inserts in mattress cores that fulfil specific functions may deviate from the above-mentioned specifications.
Processing of polyether foam cores
Covers as defined in this quality assurance are not required.
Requirements:
• Polyether foam cores must be open-pored, if necessary they must be perforated for air permeability.
• Parts of the “rind” must not be present on the blank
Visual and dimensional inspection
6.2.3. Latex cores
Latex cores can be made of full synthetic or have a natural latex content.
Definition of natural latex: at least 80% natural latex by weight compared to synthetic latex.
Requirements:
• Minimum volume weight 70 kg / m3
• Minimum thickness 100 mm
• Residue on ignition acc. to DIN EN ISO 1172 < 6%
For processing, the same requirements apply as for PUR cores (Point 6.2.2).
Visual and dimensional inspection, weight test
6.2.4. Coarse upholstery
Coarse upholstery is preferably processed in combination with spring cores and light spring cores (Bonell) and is essentially connected to the upholstery support as upholstery mats so that they cannot change their position during use.
The following coarse upholstery is permitted:
• Foam sheets made of polyether foam* with a minimum volume weight of 24 kg/m3 and a minimum thickness of 25 mm.
• Foam sheets made of latex foam* (also perforated) with a minimum volume weight of 70 kg/m3 and a minimum thickness of 25 mm.
• Alternative materials are permissible as coarse upholstery if they have comparable properties to the above-mentioned reference materials.
*For polyether und latex foam the requirements according to Point 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 apply additionally (except volume weight).
Visual and dimensional inspection, weight test
6.2.5. Fine upholstery
Fine upholstery is padding material or textile fabric quilted with the mattress cover. The respective fine upholstery material can also be processed together with quilted foam* (minimum thickness 5 mm) or other quilting support materials.
Requirements for basis weights:
• Hair (horsehair)** without substrate 400 g/m2
• Pure new wool 200 g/m2
• Pure new wool with at least 50% camel hair
g/m2
• Fleece with at least 50% silk content (the remaining content can be hair, wool, or cotton) 200 g/m2
• Pure cotton (raw white linters, natural coloured new cotton wool) 200 g/m2
• Synthetic fibre fleece, 200 g/m2 In combination with quilted foam 200 g/m2
*Residue on ignition < 1% acc. to DIN EN ISO 1172
**Deviating from the German Textile Labelling Act (TextilkennzG), the horsehair content must be > 80%.
Dimensional inspection, weight test
6.2.6. Reclining surface
6.2.6.1. General requirements
Requirements:
• Unless functionally intended (e. g. zoning), mattresses shall not be assembled or glued together from several parts in the longitudinal/transverse direction.
Exception: Mattresses advertised as double bed mattresses may be assembled lengthwise in the middle
• Anthropometrically appropriate body support
• Diffusible materials to ensure moisture transport (no foils in the cover)
• No closed adhesive layers
• No untypical noises
• Dimensions of the mattress according to tolerance recommendations of DIN EN 1334
• Cover accurately fitted
• Mattress thickness without cover > 140 mm; for conceptual bed systems with associated bed base, deviations from this dimensional specification are permissible (e. g. box-spring beds)
• Hollow formation due to the upholstery material is permissible
Visual inspection, functionality test, dimensional inspection according to DIN EN 1334
6.2.6.2. Durability
Testing of the durability of the reclining surface and its functional properties (degree of hardness) is carried out according to DIN EN 1957.
Requirements:
• Height change* < 15 mm
• Change in hardness after 30,000 milling cycles < 20%
• Spring loss factor** < 7
Testing according to DIN EN 1957*** taking into account reversible changes after testing due to maintenance care, e. g. washing of the cover
*In the edge load test section, only the height change is determined.
**In deviation from DIN EN 1957, the spring loss factor is additionally determined from the load characteristics according to DIN EN 1957. The spring loss factor is calculated from the quotient of the area between the load characteristics before and after the endurance test and the rectangle formed by the perpendiculars of the end point of the load characteristic after the endurance test and the coordinate axes, multiplied by a factor of 100.
***In addition to the test according to DIN EN 1957 at ambient temperature, a test is also carried out on a separate sample under the influence of humidity and temperature under the following conditions:
Requirements: as above
Test parameters:
37° C; relative humidity 80% (preconditioning for 24 hours);
Load duration 16 hours under the above-mentioned climatic conditions;
Static load of 1000 N over a circular area of ∅400 mm in the centre of the mattress; Measurements taken 24 hours after static loading at 23° C and 50% relative humidity; Evaluation according to DIN EN 1957
6.2.7. Processing of the cover fabric
The cut edges of the fabric must be secured against fraying by sufficient excess fabric, interlinking with safety stitching or other measures.
The seams must be clean and of uniform stitch density. The individual stitches must not be longer than 4 mm.
The stretchability of the seam must be adapted to that of the cover fabric.
The cover (for non-removable mattresses) must lie tightly on the cover of the mattress in an unloaded state and be sufficiently and permanently secured against slipping.
Note: Covers of removable mattresses usually have a tricot material as a bottom cover to ensure easier coverability. In these cases, slippage of the cover is typical of the product and requires regular alignment.
Visual inspection
6.2.8. Cot mattresses
Requirement:
According to DIN EN 16890
Testing according to DIN EN 16890
7.
Safety
In accordance with the Product Safety Act (ProdSG) the following applies:
A product may only be made available on the market if it does not endanger the safety and health of persons or other legal interests listed in the legal ordinances pursuant to Article 3 when used as intended or in a foreseeable manner.
Dimensional and visual inspection, haptic test
8. Electrical Appliances
Only electrical equipment and components that comply with the current and relevant EU directives or EN standards may be used.
In the case of furniture subject to registration in accordance with the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act (ElektroG), appropriate labelling must be applied to the furniture and the method of disposal must be indicated in the operating instructions.
Note for electrical safety: see “Guideline for electrical equipment/ components in furniture”.
9. Labelling
Furniture that complies with these Quality and Testing Regulations and which has been awarded the quality mark can be labelled with the quality mark shown below:
RAL-GZ 430 / 6
The implementation regulations of the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel apply exclusively to the use of the quality mark.
10. Amendments
Amendments to these Quality and Testing Regulations require the prior written consent of RAL to become effective. They come into force after a reasonable period of time after they have been announced by the Executive Board.
11. Implementing Regulations for the Award and Use of the Quality Mark of the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V.
11.1. Assessment basis
The assessment basis for the quality mark consists of the Quality and Testing Regulations for Furniture. It is amended and further developed in line with technical progress.
11.2. Awarding the quality mark
11.2.1 The Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V. awards the right to use the quality mark for furniture to manufacturers of quality furniture upon application.
11.2.2 The application for the award of the quality mark must be submitted in writing to the office of the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V., Friedrichstraße 13-15 in 90762 Fürth. The application must be accompanied by a list of the products which the applicant wishes to have approved for quality assurance as well as a legally binding signed certificate of commitment (Sample 1).
11.2.3 This application is reviewed by the Quality Committee. The Quality Association commissions a neutral testing institute to carry out the initial testing. The test result is sent in writing to the Quality Committee, the applicant, and the Executive Board of the Quality Association. In addition, the Quality Committee may arrange for a factory inspection to be carried out by authorised inspectors or inspectors authorised by the testing institute. The applicant shall bear the costs for this as well as the cost for the inspection of the products. The Quality Association may authorise the testing institute to request an advance payment for inspection costs.
11.2.4 If the result of the inspection is positive, the Executive Board of the Quality Association awards the quality mark to the applicant on the recommendation of the Quality Committee. The award is certified (Sample 2). If the result of the inspection is negative, the Quality Committee will defer the application. It must give reasons for the deferral in writing.
11.3. Use of the quality mark
11.3.1 Users of the mark may only use the quality mark for products that comply with the Quality and Testing Regulations.
11.3.2 The Quality Association has the sole right to have marking materials of the quality mark produced for all purposes (embossing stamps, printing blocks, matrixes, seal stamps, rubber stamps, etc.) and to issue them or have them issued to the users of the quality mark or to grant permission for their production and to specify the type of application in more detail.
11.3.3 The Executive Board may issue special regulations for the use of the quality mark in advertising on brochures, offers, order confirmations and delivery bills, etc., in order to maintain fair competition and prevent misuse of the quality mark.
11.3.4 The right to use the quality mark ends in case of death, opening of insolvency proceedings, liquidation, withdrawal or if the user of the quality mark renounces the right to use the quality mark by legally signed declaration to the Managing Director by registered letter on a date determined by the user.
11.3.5 If the right to use the quality mark has been legally withdrawn, the award certificate and all means of labelling with the quality mark must be returned; there is no entitlement to reimbursement. The same applies if the right to use the quality mark has otherwise expired.
11.4. Quality Control
11.4.1 The Quality Association is entitled and obliged to monitor compliance with the Quality and Testing Regulations as well as the lawful and proper use of the quality mark.
11.4.2 Every user of the quality mark must take the necessary precautions to ensure that the products bearing the quality mark comply with the Quality and Testing Regulations. Careful records must be kept of the required internal quality control procedures. In addition, every user of the quality mark shall subject these products to the monitoring tests arranged by the Quality Association to the extent and frequency in accordance with the requirements of the Quality and Testing Regulations and shall bear the testing and transport costs incurred as a result.
11.4.3 The Quality Committee commissions neutral testing institutes (officially recognised material testing institutes or equivalent testing institutes) to carry out the monitoring tests and makes the necessary agreements with them.
11.4.4 Assessors authorised by the neutral testing institutes may carry out monitoring tests at the company of the quality mark user at any time without prior notification up to twice a year, inspect the records of the company's own inspections and visit the company during operating hours. Products requested by the assessor as test pieces are to be handed over immediately. The assessor is entitled to dismantle finished products during the inspection. If the test is carried out elsewhere, the test pieces must be clearly marked by the assessor immediately upon removal. Products of the quality mark user can also be taken from the trade.
11.4.5 The appointed testing institute determines the test results independently of the bodies of the Quality Association. The testing institute prepares a test report for each test, a copy of which is sent to the Quality Association and to the quality mark user in question. Further dissemination of the test result is prohibited.
11.4.6 In case of a negative test result or in case of complaints about products of the quality mark user, the Quality Committee has the test repeated.
11.4.7 In the case of inspections requested from the Quality Association by third parties, the inspection costs are borne by the complainant in the event of an unjustified complaint, and by the quality mark user in the event of a justified complaint.
11.5.
Sanctioning of violations
11.5.1 If the Quality Committee identifies deficiencies in quality assurance, it proposes sanctioning measures to the Executive Board of the Quality Association. Depending on the severity of the violation, the Board may:
11.5.1.1 Issue an instruction and/or a warning against the user of the quality mark,
11.5.1.2 Order an increase in the number of monitoring tests to be carried out for a certain period of time,
11.5.1.3 Impose the payment of a contractual penalty depending on the extent of the breach in question, up to EUR 10,000 in favour of the Quality Association,
11.5.1.4 Withdraw the right to use the quality mark temporarily or permanently.
11.5.2 If deviations from the Quality and Testing Regulations or an infringement of the conditions of use of the quality mark are detected during inspection of the products of the quality mark user, an instruction or warning will be issued. Depending on circumstances, the latter is issued in conjunction with an ordered increase in the number of monitoring tests to be carried out and/or by the imposition of a contractual penalty. The contractual penalty is to be paid to Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V. within 14 days after the decision has become legally binding.
11.5.3 The right to use the quality mark will be withdrawn temporarily or permanently if the Quality and Testing Regulations or the conditions for use of the quality mark have been repeatedly violated, or if the quality mark has been misused, or if a deliberate violation of the Quality and Testing Regulations has been proven, or if the quality mark user otherwise grossly violates the quality assurance through their conduct.
11.5.4 Should a member use the quality mark without authorisation or allow a third party to affix it to their products or permit the third party to use the quality mark in any other way, a contractual penalty of up to EUR 10,000 will be due for each individual case. Any legal action ensuing from such behaviour will not be affected by the issuing of said penalties.
11.5.5 A penalty as laid out under Section 5.1 may also be issued if the quality mark user delays or obstructs immediate monitoring tests as described under Section 4.
11.5.6 The affected party must be heard before any measures are taken. Before the right to use the quality mark is withdrawn from a quality mark user, the affected party must be given the opportunity to make a statement within a period of 4 weeks.
11.5.7 In urgent cases, the Chairman of the Quality Association may provisionally prohibit a quality mark user from using the quality mark with immediate effect. Such an order must be confirmed or rescinded by the Executive Board of the Quality Association within 14 days.
11.5.8 The duty of the Quality Association to intervene against impairment of the use of the quality mark and in the event of misuse of the quality mark also obliges the users of the quality mark under trademark law to notify the Managing Director of the Quality Association without delay of any violations of the conditions of use of the quality mark and any cases of misuse of the quality mark of which they become aware and to submit substantiating documents so that the violation can be prosecuted in an appropriate manner. Failure to do so shall be punished in accordance with Section 5.1.
11.5.9 Measures taken by the Quality Association to protect the quality mark within the meaning of these provisions shall not affect the right of quality mark users to assert any claims for compensation for damage directly incurred by them as a result of infringement under civil law.
11.6. Objection
11.6.1 The quality mark user may lodge an appeal with the Quality Committee against a penalty notice in accordance with Section 5.1 within 4 weeks of notification of the notice. A decision on the appeal must be made within 4 weeks. The appeal has a suspensive effect; however, in the event of an acute risk of misleading the market, the Quality Committee may provisionally confirm a sanctioning measure in accordance with Section 5.1.4 even before deciding on the appeal.
11.6.2 If the objection is rejected, the complainant may take legal action in accordance with Section 11 of the Articles of Association within 4 weeks of being served with the decision rejecting the complaint.
11.7. Reinstatement of usage rights
If the right to use the quality mark has been withdrawn, it may be re-awarded after three months at the earliest. The procedure is determined in accordance with Section 2. However, the Executive Board of the Quality Association may impose additional conditions.
11.8. Amendments
These Implementing Regulations together with samples (declaration of membership, award certificate) are recognised by RAL. Amendments, including those of an editorial nature, require the prior written consent of RAL to become effective. They come into force after being announced by the Executive Board within a reasonable period determined by the Executive Board of the Quality Association.
Certificate of Commitment for the Quality Assurance of the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V.
1. The undersigned / the undersigned company hereby applies to the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V. for
admission as a member*
the award of the right to use the quality mark for furniture in conjunction with the product related addition according to Section 2 of this Certificate of Commitment.
2. The undersigned / the undersigned company confirms that they have read the Quality and Testing Regulations for Furniture in conjunction with the
Quality and Testing Regulations for Cabinet Furniture, RAL-GZ 430/1*
Quality and Testing Regulations for Kitchen and Bathroom Furniture, RAL-GZ 430/2*
Quality and Testing Regulations for Tables, Chairs and Corner Seats, RAL-GZ 430/3*
Quality and Testing Regulations for Upholstered Furniture, RAL-GZ 430/4*
Quality and Testing Regulations for Beds, RAL-GZ 430/5*
Quality and Testing Regulations for Mattresses, RAL-GZ 430/6*
Quality and Testing Regulations for Waterbeds, RAL-GZ 430/7*
Quality and Testing Regulations for Office Furniture, RAL-GZ 430/8*
Quality and Testing Regulations for Children’s Furniture, RAL-GZ 430/9*
Quality and Testing Regulations for School Furniture, RAL-GZ 430/10*
Quality and Testing Regulations for Outdoor Furniture RAL-GZ 430/11*
The Articles of Association of the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V.,
The Quality Mark Statutes for the quality mark Furniture,
The Implementing Regulations with Samples 1 and 2 and hereby recognise them without reservation as binding in themselves.
Number of employees: ............... ________________________
(Place and date) (Stamp and signature of the applicant)
*Please mark as appropriate
Certificate
On the basis of the test report submitted to the Quality Committee, the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V. hereby awards the company
Mustermann GmbH
Marktplatz 1, 12345 Witzhausen, Deutschland
the Quality Mark for Furniture
Which has been recognised by RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e. V. (RAL German Institute for Quality Assurance and Labelling) and is protected as a collective trademark through registration at the German Patent and Trademark Office
in connection with the product-related addendum according to the following mark illustration
FÜRTH, 01. 01. 2022
Chairperson of the Board CEO12.1. Definition of PUR foam types
PUR standard foam
Foam of types MB and MM according to EN ISO 5999 with a rebound resilience, measured according to ISO 8307, of greater than 15% and less than 50%. The molecular weight of conventional PUR foams is between 3,000 and 3,500 Dalton.
Note: Another characteristic of PUR standard foam, in contrast to HR foam, is the crystalline urea that predominantly forms during production. Due to the different morphology of PUR standard foam compared to PUR cold foam, it can be clearly identified using IR spectroscopy.
PUR cold foam
PUR polyurethane foam according to EN ISO 5999 of the types MB, HB and HM, produced with highly reactive polyols and a closed-cell pore structure, which is broken up after production by crushing for better air permeability and has a rebound resilience of more than 50%, measured according to DIN ISO 8307. The molecular weight of PUR cold foams is between 5,000 and 6,000 Dalton.
Note: Further characteristics of PUR cold foam, also known as HR foam (HR = High Resilient), is a SAG factor according to EN ISO 2439 of at least 2.5 and the amorphous or dissolved carbonic acid diamide (urea) that is formed exclusively during production.
PUR viscous foam
Foam of types LB and LM according to EN ISO 5999 with predominantly viscous behaviour, in which the rebound resilience measured according to DIN ISO 8307 is at most 15%.
Note: Two types of viscous foam are distinguished. Pneumatic viscous foam with predominantly closed or microporous cells and chemical viscous foam with open cells. In terms of the dependence of its mechanical properties on temperature, pneumatic foam is less sensitive than chemical viscous foam.
PUR hypersoft foam
PUR hypersoft foam is an extremely soft, elastic, supple and air-permeable PUR foam for nonload-bearing purposes as defined in DIN EN ISO 5999 with compressive stress values below 2.0 kPA or indentation hardness below 80 N, in which carbon dioxide is added during
production or a special polyol is used and in which the chain ends produced by polyaddition contain almost exclusively primary OH groups.
Note: PUR hypersoft foam is suitable for the production of mattress toppers and cushions as well as for upholstered furniture as a cover layer between the load-bearing foam and the cover fabric.
PUR gel foam
Gel foam is a relatively new PUR soft foam of a rather viscous character, which is produced with organic or synthetic gel particles or binds them.
The rebound resilience is approx. 15% according to DIN EN ISO 8307, resulting in an assignment to the group of viscous soft foams according to DIN EN ISO 5999. The other technical characteristics according to DIN EN ISO 5999 (Flexible elastic polymer foamsPolyurethane foams for upholstery purposes with the exception of carpet underlays) vary, which makes a clear classification according to DIN EN ISO 5999 difficult.
Note: Further specification is currently being discussed among experts. A number of inaccurate statements are made about gel foam in the trade – further specification in the definition is therefore necessary.
12.2. Hardness classification of mattresses
The hardness of a mattress is a subjective sensation mediated by specific cells of the skin. The subjective sensation of the hardness of a mattress correlates largely with the physical hardness, which results from the differential of force and displacement when pressing into a mattress.
According to Weber-Fechner's law, the subjective sensation is not linear in relation to the stimulus, but logarithmic. This fact is taken into account in the hardness measurement and its physiological evaluation according to DIN EN 1957. In a ten-stage scale, the physical measurement data from the force and travel of the suspension characteristic are assigned to a subjective hardness perception from very hard (firm) to very soft.
Various scales are in use, e. g. according to the recommendations of the LGA (Landesgewerbeanstalt) with three levels, or the Stiftung Warentest (STIWA) with five levels.
A uniform scaling has not yet been established on the market. However, the following scales can serve as orientation.
Hardness scale according to LGA
Hardness scale according to STIWA
12.3. Mattress test protocol
Test protocol for processing complaints about mattresses
(with procedural instructions for recording the actual state of a mattress)
Furniture retailer _______________________ Purchase contract no.
Order no. ________________________ Delivery date
Customer data (voluntary): Weight (kg) __________ Size
What is the complaint:
Is it a reversible mattress? Yes No
How often was the mattress turned?
not at all weekly monthly half-yearly
Was the mattress tested in conjunction with the existing frame when it was purchased?
Yes No
Type of slat base: _____________________
Material: _____________________
For slatted frame: Number of slats: ________ Distance between slats: Slat width: ________ Slat thickness: ________
Manufacturer: _____________________ Year of manufacture: __________
Specifications for the measurement: (if possible, record the measurement with a digital camera)
- Measurement of the hollow formation in the recovered state, last period of use: ____________
- Remove the mattress from the bed / if the cover is removable, remove the cover.
- Ideally, lay the mattress flat on the floor.
- Place a straight measuring stick on the mattress
- Measure the clear distance between the measuring stick and the mattress in 3 places.
- Note: Do not press the measuring stick into the mattress.
Was the measurement carried out by your contract partner (furniture store)?
Yes No
The customer assures with his signature that the test - as described - has been carried out. _______________________
Date
Signature
Note 1a) The change of mattresses is dependent on the intensity of use, the body height and weight of the user.
Note 1b) Slight compression of the material has no influence on the use of the mattress and is to be regarded as typical for the product.
Note 2) If the mattress is soiled by urine, blood, or other impurities, it is unfortunately not possible to process the mattress for hygienic reasons.
12.4. Emission class for mattresses according to RAL-RG 437
For the members of the DGM, healthy living has been a focus for many years. There has been great progress due to environmental protection and building refurbishment over the last few decades. Our homes have become increasingly tight due to thermal insulation systems and windows that seal properly. Natural air exchange is only possible through thorough ventilation or automatic ventilation systems, such as in low-energy houses or public buildings. Pollutants can be emitted from a wide range of different products, such as building materials, adhesives, wallpaper, varnishes, furnishing materials or furniture. Therefore, all materials used indoors must be low in harmful substances and release as few emissions as possible into the ambient air.
In cooperation with leading testing institutes such as TÜV Rheinland and eco-INSTITUT, a group of DGM experts has developed emission classes for furniture. The objective was to develop a label that provides the consumer with the most important information on the emission profile in a simple way. This seems to be useful for a risk assessment in our opinion since the legislator does not specify limit values for many pollutants. Emission class A signifies a low risk of exposure to pollutants.
The emission label can be awarded to the following collections/models:
Seating furniture
Cabinet furniture
Tables Office furniture
Slatted frames
Mattresses
Beds
The basic principles are stipulated in the RAL registration RAL-RG 437 Emission classes for furniture.
An emission label provides the consumer with information on pollutant emissions and is intended to protect the consumer from detrimental health effects. The emission label developed by the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V. refers to a collection / a model and is attached directly to the product/s. Proof of classification is based on appropriate pollutant tests, and the label is awarded exclusively by the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V.
12.5. Box-spring label according to RAL-RG 441
In the past, end consumers were disappointed because not every box-spring bed has the quality that one actually expects from box-springs. The background to this was inconsistent definitions of the bed system. For this reason, the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel, in cooperation with testing institutes and quality assurance experts, has developed a label that fulfils the strict quality specifications of the Quality Association and, by defining the bed system, provides the certainty that a box-spring purchase is actually accompanied by the benefits expected of it, such as sleeping comfort. The award is made exclusively by the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V.
The original DGM box-spring label is only awarded to members/manufacturers whose collections and models comply with the Quality and Testing Regulations RAL-GZ 430 for Beds (RAL-GZ 430/5) and Mattresses (RAL-GZ 430/6) and meet the following definition:
Box-spring is a bed system consisting of at least two spring elements placed on top of each other, the box and the mattress. The lower box consists of a base frame with a spring core that is incorporated into or installed on top of the box in a fixed or form-fitted manner. The box can include adjustment options, including motorised adjustment If possible, the box and/or box-spring mattress should have a protective device to prevent slipping between them. A box-spring bed can be supplemented/combined with feet, a cover (topper with a thickness < 10 cm) as well as head- and footboards.
12.6. Climate neutral furniture manufacturer for the furniture industry according RALGZ 435
To mark their sense of responsibility towards climate change, furniture manufacturers can have themselves certified with regard to the Climate Pact. This provides consumers with an additional basis for decision-making, as it shows them that they are dealing with a piece of furniture whose manufacturer attaches importance to climate protection. In the further development of the climate pact, there is the possibility of being specially distinguished as a climate neutral furniture manufacturer. The award is made exclusively by the Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V.
The foundation of the Climate Pact is a company's carbon footprint. Furniture manufacturers who join the pact have their “footprint” calculated annually by a neutral body on the basis of applicable standards. This footprint is made up of direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions.
Scope 1: Direct emissions of the company resulting from the consumption of primary energy sources
= Burning of fossil raw materials for energy production, heat generation, fuels for company-owned cars and trucks, process emissions, and refilling of cooling and air-conditioning systems.
Scope 2: Indirect emissions resulting from the generation of self-procured energy
= Secondary energy sources such as electricity, district heating, steam, or cooling energy.
Scope 3: All indirect emissions resulting from the operation of all daily business processes and the product life cycle
= Mining and processing of raw materials, consumables and supplies, upstream chains of fuels, thermal energy, process energy and electricity production, employee travel, external logistics, business flights, business travel incl. overnight stays, commercial waste, paper and cardboard consumption, water consumption.
12.7. Explanation of the term “force majeure”
Definition Deutsche Gütegemeinschaft Möbel e. V.
(Member of RAL German Institute for Quality Assurance and Labelling e. V.)
1. Definition
In general, the term "force majeure" is understood to mean an event that comes from outside, has no operational connection and cannot be averted even by the utmost diligence that could reasonably be expected (instead of many: BGHZ 100, 185). Events such as natural disasters (hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods), (local) epidemics, pandemics, wars, and political unrest are usually regarded as "force majeure". Official measures and warnings are also a strong indication of the existence of force majeure. 1
The supplier and the customer agree that the following circumstances are also to be attributed to force majeure:
o Transport and freight delays for which the supplier is not responsible (in particular in the event of delayed receipt despite timely handover of the goods from the Supplier to the transport person)
o Operational disruptions for which the supplier is not responsible or pandemic capacity reductions of any kind due to a lack of manpower, energy, preliminary products, raw materials and untimely or improper own preliminary supply of the supplier (interruption of the supply chains), which significantly change the economic significance or the content of the delivery or have a significant effect on the supplier's operations
o Damage at the supplier or his sub-suppliers caused by natural disaster
o Strikes or labour disputes including lawful lockouts
o Attacks on the supplier's IT system which are detrimental to the production process
o Delays for which the supplier is not responsible due to difficulties in obtaining the necessary official approvals
o In case of border closure or official measure, instruction, or warning
2. Legal consequences due to force majeure as defined under Item 1
A contracting party who is unable to deliver in accordance with the contract due to force majeure shall be obliged to inform the contractual partner immediately of the reason and the expected duration of the delay in delivery. At the request of the contractual partner, the supplier shall be obliged to explain the objective existence of the force majeure and the effects on the ability to deliver.
Contractual delivery periods shall be automatically extended by the duration of the hindrance due to force majeure. Other reasons for delay may not be taken into account. Claims for damages, contractual penalties, or termination/withdrawal from the contract due to the delay in delivery on account of force majeure may not be asserted.
In the event of delays in delivery due to force majeure, the contract shall be adjusted appropriately at the request of either party in good faith. Insofar as this is not economically justifiable from the supplier's point of view, the supplier shall have the right to withdraw from the contract.
Fürth, November 2021
1 Case law
Case law has ruled that the term “force majeure” within the meaning of travel law may include war, a terrorist attack, massive violent unrest (LG Frankfurt a. M. RRa 2015, 8; also BT-Drs. 8/2343, p. 12), a reactor accident (BGHZ 109, 224) or the outbreak of an epidemic such as SARS (AG Augsburg 14 C 4608/03).
12.8. The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact
