APLD Design Online May 2024

Design Online

The mission of APLD is to advance the profession of landscape design and to promote the recognition of landscape designers as qualified and dedicated professionals. Participate, Validate, Educate: Be Market Strong! May 2024

Bright Ideas

Incorporating Landscape Lighting Like A Pro

by Michael Deo, CLVT, COLD

Tackle Yourself Or Outsource?

If you are looking for some outdoor lighting advice or if you would rather not tackle the lighting design of your next project, consider working with someone who specializes in it. A Certified Outdoor Lighting Designer (COLD) in your area will often be willing to collaborate as a member of your design team, regardless of who may be installing the lighting portion of the project.

First, you need to separate the “wheat from the chaff.” There are many companies who do lighting on the side, and would be happy to “throw in” a few path lights for you. Don’t be tempted. Your clients deserve the best. And, not only is the work of the lighting designer a reflection on you (no pun intended), but it also determines how your beautiful landscape will be viewed at night. And the nighttime is an opportunity to create a totally different, yet equally enticing, picture.

On the other hand, if you feel comfortable illuminating your own projects and want to learn more, the first stop should be the Association of Outdoor Lighting Professionals (AOLP) website. There, you can download several helpful documents, connect with member manufacturers for training, or find a certified pro in your area should you decide to outsource. If you’re serious about lighting—really serious—consider joining the association and pursue one or more certifications yourself.

Next, a quick search on Amazon turns up quite a few good books written by industry leaders and gurus, ranging from the easy (don’t believe it) to the in-depth, with several stops in between. I own most and use them for reference to this day, 15 years after starting out in this industry.

The Design Process

Professional landscape lighting designers use a design process similar to yours. They start by gaining an understanding of the property and how the client utilizes the space, only in this case—specifically at night. Next, they create a conceptual design which is then presented to the client. The design is then finalized, and installation begins. To complete the project, an after-dark evaluation is completed with the client present and final “tweaks” are made.

It’s critical to think about lighting at the very beginning of the landscape design process—and talk to your clients about it as you are discussing the goals of the project. This is the single most important thing to keep in mind, whether working with a lighting designer or tackling this phase yourself. Just like many construction details, some things that are easily accomplished during the process become time-consuming and expensive when they must be dealt with after the fact.

It’s best to bring up the topic of lighting with your client when your landscape design is about 90% finalized. This gives him or her a good idea of what will be required but still allows you time to make minor adjustments if necessary.

Tips For Function

Here are a few more helpful hints I’ve discovered over the years that are worth planning for at the outset. These mostly relate to placement and space:

• If you hire a lighting designer, provide them with a copy of your design. Think about how happy you are when you are given an accurate survey. It saves time and effort.

• Think about the fixture layout in advance and provide proper places for fixtures. For example, path lights should often be staggered in an alternating pattern, yet most residential landscapes only have planting beds on one side of the walkway and fixtures (particularly pathlights) should never be positioned in the turf where they are susceptible to damage from lawn maintenance equipment.

• The most common lighting installation challenges are created by hardscaping and can often be avoided. During construction of the decks, steps, and patios, simply adding a pipe or sleeve under a walkway can save hours of labor and headache.

• If you are including a specimen tree as a focal point, make sure the plant bed or mulch ring around it is large enough to place the fixtures that will illuminate it.

• Provide enough plant material to hide fixtures effectively, such as ground cover and woody plant material that will shield fixtures through all four seasons.

• Consider all seasons. Think about winter and what will be left to light—and also still hide the fixtures?

• Try to keep foundation plantings, especially a hedge like boxwoods, far enough away from the building so light fixtures can be located in the space for architectural illumination.

• Make sure the lighting installation is scheduled after the plants are installed but before the mulch. Bonus points if you can coordinate irrigation and lighting together!

Tips For Form

Of course, the best landscape lighting is more than just functional. It’s an artistic play of light and dark, focus and balance, to create the most harmonious effect, just like the landscape planting selection. Apply this same creative mindset with your horticultural knowledge of plant textures, sizes, and colors to lighting design and you’ll discover some great combinations for success. It may even come to affect what you decide to plant where.

With a certificate in landscape design, my own horticultural knowledge has helped me elevate the level of my business. I always keep in mind the effect light has on various plants—are they dense? Lacy? Do they have a silver or dark underside to the leaves? Most lighting designers have their favorites. Some of mine are: River or Jacquemontii Birch; Japanese Maple (almost any cultivar or variety); and Paperbark Maple, Kousa Dogwood, Stewartia or anything with interesting bark. Also, any tree, shrub, vine, or groundcover that flower in white will look spectacular under moonlighting.

On the other hand, some of the more challenging plants I’ve encountered are: Southern magnolia—unfortunately, that beautiful brown velvety underside can look dead when uplit. Very dense, fastigiate varieties of oak or hornbeam are also tough to light from below, so provide space to locate light fixtures well outside of the drip line. Additionally, almost any dense evergreen planted in the middle of a lawn, extending beyond its bed lines or hanging out over a driveway, is tough.

So many of the plants we are challenged by break the “right plant, right place” rule. If it’s too big to light properly in that garden bed, it’s probably just too big for that space!

Yet, a few other considerations include:

• Consider the height needed to add the effect of moonlighting, where light fixtures are secured high in a tree’s canopy and directed downward to simulate moonlight, creating a natural and romantic feel. Don’t “limb up” trees unless absolutely necessary. We try to mount the fixture well above the lower limbs for a dappled effect.

• Keep in mind the way a plant will change through the seasons and how it will grow over the years. A young tree may only require two fixtures with low-powered LEDs today, but wire for future additions and more powerful lamps.

• We have also installed certain fixtures (such as lights that accent planted holiday urns) that can be removed and stored for the winter or vice versa.

Well-designed and properly installed landscape lighting can make all the difference in your client’s outdoor world, it will also help your work shine after dark.

Maintenance

Outdoor lighting will require maintenance to ensure the lights go on night after night, year after year – yes, even low-voltage LED systems. Someone will need to make the adjustments required as the landscape changes and grows. As a full-service outdoor lighting firm, we design, build, and maintain projects. If your firm doesn’t, be prepared to supply accurate as-built documentation for the folks who will come to service the system.

Well-designed and properly installed landscape lighting can make all the difference in your client’s outdoor world, it will also help your work shine after dark. Look into some (or all) of the above materials and consider the tips. Begin to incorporate lighting into your landscape design. Soon enough, you’ll also be hooked.

About the Author:

Michael Deo, CLVLT, COLD

Deo is the Founder and President of NatureScape Lighting + Audio in Millington, NJ. An award-winning lighting designer and educator, he’s also a Past President of the Association of Outdoor Lighting Professionals and has happily collaborated on some amazing projects with APLD members. For more information, visit naturescapelighting.com

Shedding Light on Landscape Design

Tips on Working with an Outdoor Lighting Professional

1. Look for an AOLP Certified Professional

When looking for a professional to work with, choosing one certified by the Association of Outdoor Lighting Professionals (AOLP) is essential. AOLP certified outdoor lighting professionals have proven knowledge and skills to provide high-quality outdoor lighting services. Visit www.aolponline.org.

2. Check for Awards and Recognition

AOLP recognizes and celebrates excellence in the outdoor lighting industry by presenting various awards annually.

3. Communicate Your Vision and Goals Clearly

When it comes to outdoor lighting, it’s essential to communicate your vision and goals. This will help them understand exactly what you’re looking for and allow them to design a lighting system that meets your needs and exceeds your expectations.

4. Consider all Aspects of Outdoor Lighting

When considering outdoor lighting, it’s important to use the right products and technologies. They can recommend energy-efficient lights, motion sensors, timers, and other intelligent technologies.

5. Ask for References

When hiring a professional for a job, it’s always a good idea to ask for references and photos of their previous work.

CATALOG

Did You Miss a Webinar?

If you missed an APLD webinar or our virtual conferences and you’re still kicking yourself for it, no worries! You can find them all in APLD’s catalog of webinars!

Choose from 22 different webinars presented in the last few years, including “The Truth About Dirty Pots,” with Marie Chieppo and Jean Ponzi, which highlights efforts around APLD’s Healthy Pots, Healthy Planet initiative, and sessions on many other timely topics.

Recordings are available for $20 for members and $40 for nonmembers. A form at the back of the catalog makes ordering easy. For a copy of the catalog, click here

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Join APLD on Houzz!

Build your brand and grow your business through Houzz, the leading online platform for home remodeling and design. Please follow us on Houzz and add our badge to your professional profile to let clients and prospects know that you are a proud member of the APLD.

APLD 2024 Board of Directors

Executive Committee

President

Bill Ripley, CPLD, FAPLD Stride Studios 8525 Miami Road Cincinnati, OH 45243 (513) 984-4882 bill@stridestudios.com

Treasurer

Lisa Nunamaker, PLA Iowa State University, Dept of Horticulture 129 Horticulture Hall Ames, IA 50011 (515) 294-6375 lisa@papergardenworkshop.com

Directors

Francesca Corra, CPLD Dirt Diva Designs 4030 Cartwright Avenue Studio City, CA 91604 (818) 370-3200 fcorra@aol.com

Mardi Dover, CPLD 15 Warwick Place Asheville, NC 28804 (828) 273-5134 mardi@gardensbymardi.com

Rachel Gioannini 2046 Cortabella Las Cruces, NM 88005 (520) 955-1861 rachelgi@nmsu.edu

President-Elect

Katie Weber, CPLD

Katie Weber Landscape Design 5637 45th Avenue SW Seattle, WA 98136 (206) 391-8894

katie@katieweberlandscapedesign.com

Immediate Past President

Richard Rosiello Rosiello Designs & Meadowbrook Gardens 159 Grove Street New Milford, CT 06776 (860) 488-6507

rosiellodesigns@gmail.com

Linda Middleton, CPLD, FAPLD Terralinda Design 1839 Ygnacio Valley Rd., #150 Walnut Creek, CA 94598 (925) 448-2441 linda@terralindadesign.com

Maryanne Quincy, CPLD, FAPLD Q Gardens Landscape Design PO Box 2746 Sunnyvale, CA 94087 (408) 739-5493 qgardens@sbcglobal.net

2024 APLD International Landscape Design Conference

October 11 – 13, 2024 Charleston, South Carolina

Save the date for APLD’s 2024 International Landscape Design Conference! Join us October 11 – 13, 2024 in picturesque Charleston, South Carolina. We are reimagining this year’s conference. Plan on amazing inspirational garden tours with your design community and more!

Stay tuned for more details!

Upcoming Educational Opportunities & Events

APLD provides a listing of educational opportunities and events on its website, www.apld.org.

Get Your Event Approved for CEUs!

If your chapter is planning an event, remember to have it approved for CEUs. Contact Kelly at certification@apld.org if you have any questions.

Click Here to Fill Out the CEU Request Form

Member Spotlight

Exploring the Landscape Design Industry with James Culley

APLD is a community of landscape design professionals committed to advancing its profession. Each month, we showcase the work and achievements of our members in the Member Spotlight of each issue of Design Online By sharing these stories, we hope to inspire and connect our members and promote the value of professional landscape design.

For James Culley, the owner of Seed King Enterprises LLC, working in the landscape design industry has been a lifelong passion. In a recent conversation, James shared his journey in the industry, company, experiences, and involvement with APLD.

James’ journey in horticulture began in the mid-1970s when he discovered his passion for plants while studying in junior high school. As he moved on to high school, James continued to immerse himself in horticulture. He competed in Future Farmers of America in Ornamental Horticulture, honing his skills and learning more about the art of cultivating beautiful and healthy plants. He eventually graduated with a degree in Botany from Humboldt State University in 1986.

He has earned certificates in Turfgrass Management and Insects, Diseases and Weeds, and keeps up-to-date with industry developments.

James worked for various companies, such as Armstrong Garden Centers, Boething Treeland Nursery, and Home Depot as a garden department head before joining Stover Seed Company in 1993. He has been in the seed business ever since, starting his own company in 2019. When asked about his love for the field, James says, “To say I love this field is an understatement.”

Seed King Enterprises LLC specializes in providing specialty turfgrasses, native grasses/shrubs, and wildflowers from seed, sod, and plugs to more than 400 golf courses throughout California, Arizona, and Nevada. James also works with landscape designers on their projects for clients. When asked about his current position, James jokingly says, “Owner, consultant, bookkeeper, and janitor.”

Reducing water usage has been the most significant industry-related challenge that James has noticed. He says it has meant a change in how landscapes, golf courses, parks, etc., are maintained and managed. Turf reduction and conversion have meant utilizing more drought-tolerant plants and creating specialized areas for habitats, naturalized/native areas, and pollinator protection.

James is particularly proud of his work with La Cumbre Country Club in Santa Barbara. He has worked with the current superintendent since he came on staff. The superintendent has utilized more native/droughttolerant shrubs and trees throughout the property, creating pollinator habitats and naturalized areas. This year, he was awarded the GCSAA President’s Award for Environmental Stewardship for his long-term work in this area.

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When asked what is unique about landscaping in his part of the world, James says, “It’s California. We can grow almost anything and many times do. The ecosystems we have vary from the deserts, coastal, high mountain regions, and virgin redwood forests. I work with clients in all those ecosystems.”

James attends tradeshows and meetings to stay current with the latest trends, techniques, and technologies in the landscape design industry. He also has an extensive network of fellow vendors of other products, and they sometimes discuss their benefits.

James joined APLD a year ago, aiming to provide the members with a resource and supplier of somewhat specialized products and materials. He enjoys networking with other members, which is critical since he’s a supplier. He has also consulted on numerous landscape projects, and sharing the knowledge gained benefits all. As a new member, James hopes to gain another network of professionals to work with and hopefully supply.

James shared a fun fact about himself—he used to consult and supply for some long-time clients, and one of his favorite projects was Neverland Ranch from 1993 to 2006.

“Many will know the owner. I would see him about once a year and chat,” he reflected. The property had many spectacular features, including pastures, large turf areas, native slopes, wildflowers, and annual color plantings. James provided consultation and supplies for these features during those years.

In his free time, James enjoys golfing, traveling, and spending quality time with his family.

APLD would like to recognize its affiliate organizations.

Don’t Forget:

APLD Achievement Award

Nominations Are Due May 15!

Submit your nominations for APLD’s 2024 Achievement Awards and Fellow Designation!

APLD Achievement Awards allow the association to honor individuals for their distinguished work to help the industry or APLD. Have someone in mind who deserves one of these honors? Click the links below to submit your nominations!

Submission Deadline Extended to May 15, 2024

Award of Distinction

This award recognizes a landscape design professional who has made a distinguished contribution to the field.

Click here to submit a nomination for the Award of Distinction.

Chapter Service Award

This award is to be presented to a member who has shown exemplary service in furthering the goals and work of an APLD chapter or district.

Click here to submit a nomination for the Chapter Service Award.

Harry Schuster Service Award

In founding member Harry Schuster’s honor and memory, APLD created this award to present to a member who exhibits enthusiasm and selfless efforts toward furthering the mission of APLD either nationally or internationally.

Click here to submit a nomination for the Harry Schuster Service Award.

Award for Leadership in Landscape Sustainability

This award recognizes an individual or organization that has demonstrated a commitment to environmental sustainability, which has benefitted both nature and the practice of landscape design.

Click here to submit a nomination for the Award for Leadership in Landscape Sustainability.

Fellow Status

Fellow status is the highest honor that APLD bestows on its members. Elevation to Fellow recognizes the achievements of an individual designer, as well as their significant contribution to the profession and the association.

Click here to submit a nomination for Fellow status.

Past winners and fellows can be found on the APLD website. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Courtney Kuntz at comm@apld.org or 717-238-9780.

Feature Yourself in Design Online!

Looking for an opportunity to showcase your company and share your experience in the industry? Look no further than APLD’s Design Online newsletter! Our upcoming issues will feature member spotlights, highlighting the amazing work of our community. Don’t miss out on this chance to gain exposure and recognition for your business. Submit your story today!

Do you want to be featured? Simply click HERE and fill out our interview survey. Then, please send your headshot, photos of your work, and/or your company logo to apldnewsletter@gmail.com.

If you have any questions, please email apldnewsletter@gmail.com.

The Importance of Continuing Education

As we shared last month, the APLD Board of Directors reviewed the membership categories and dues structure for the 2025 fiscal year and made the unanimous decision to make some changes. One of those changes was that no membership categories will be required to submit proof of having obtained continuing education as a condition of membership.

However, while continuing education is no longer a requirement for being an APLD member, it is still important for professional members to improve their work product and educate themselves on a continual basis!

Consumers looking to contract a landscape designer may be seeking APLD professional members. Those consumers should have confidence that those professionals are utilizing the most up-to-date

and advanced skills to execute their vision. Professional landscape designers hone their landscape design acumen through advanced educational opportunities.

Tracking CEUs

Whether you obtain your education through APLD or other avenues, you can still track your education through the APLD website. Simply sign into your account at www.apld.org and click on “upload CEUs” from the members’ only section. Members that are APLD certified will continue to use this tool, as can any other professional member who wants to track CEU’s for any other certifications or licensures or for your own personal use.

APLD continues to encourage all professional members to educate themselves, learn new skills, and stay abreast of the most current trends in landscape design. We hope you will all use the tool provided by APLD to track your education.

PERENNIAL PLANT ASSOCIATION NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM

July 29 - August 1 | Asheville, NC

LEARN

Two days of education includes horticulture in the southern Appalachian Mountains, plant responses to climate change, cultivating communities, and an entire design track.

ENGAGE

Two days of tours visit retail, private and public gardens, and growers.

CONNECT

Experience craft breweries, connect with friends, and meet fellow perennial plant enthusiasts!

Details at perennialplant.org or call 888-440-3122

Connecting Talent With Great Opportunities

Take Advantage of APLD’s Career Center!

Did you know that APLD has a job board to help connect you with industry professionals? If you’re looking for your next career move or looking for that next great hire, careers.apld.org is the resource for you!

Job Seekers

Create your account for FREE! Post your resume anonymously or make it live for employers to find. You can get job alerts delivered right to your inbox on a daily or weekly basis.

Job Seekers: Click Here to Get Started

Employers:

Easily post jobs to gain direct access to highly qualified professional job seekers. Set up pre-screen filters to deliver only the best candidates. Looking for even more visibility? You can feature your job and logo on the job board homepage to increase click-throughs. And, as a member of APLD, you receive discounted pricing on the plans we offer.

Employers: Click Here to Learn More

New APLD Members

Emerging Professionals

Bryan Boyd, Portland, Ore.

Andrew Eitner, Burbank, Calif.

Chrys Gardener, Newfield, N.Y.

Nuria Monica Navarro Perez de Leon, Seattle, Wash.

Amy Renfranz, Wilmington, N.C.

Liberty Silver, Altadena, Calif.

Katie Sinclair, SeaTac, Wash.

Heath Swihart, Sarasota, Fla.

Zoe van Baaren, Portland, Ore.

Peter van Nuland, Bothell, Wash.

Landscape Design Enthusiast

Angelika Schmid-Riley, Tifton, Ga.

Professionals

Richell Chiu-Yap, Portland, Ore.

Elizabeth Hodgson, Portland, Ore.

Kyle McKelvy, Lake Oswego, Ore.

Elizabeth Powers, Salem, Ore.

Elise-Suraya Trottier, Owen Sound, Ontario

Students

Dee Escobedo, Auburn, Wash.

Aldrinna Nichols, Oakland, Calif.

Zach Short, San Diego, Calif.

Pejman Taghavizargar, Chula Vista, Calif.

Persuasive Leadership: Trust

by Jeff Tippett

Often, we mistakenly think that 1:1 persuasion is all about sharing our vision and taking whatever steps are necessary to get people on board, and moving along with us.

The foundation for leading through 1:1 persuasive communication isn’t all about where you’re trying to take people. Instead, it’s about trust.

“Trusting you is my decision. Proving me right is your choice.”

-Anonymous

As a leader, you can have the most exciting vision and profound insights to get you there. On the surface these may appear to inspire anyone to action. You may be thinking: Anyone should be able to buy into this great vision that I have for our organization or business. But if your audience doesn’t trust you, you won’t lead.

President Johnson, for example, had to rally the nation after the death of JFK. As Johnson ascended to the presidency, he was filling a void left by the man voters had duly elected to the role. With the nation in mourning for its young, aspirational president’s death, LBJ had to bring the country together. How does a president do this? Trust.

LBJ had to win over the trust of the nation to advance his agenda. In the wake of Kennedy’s death, Johnson leveraged the vision that won Kennedy the presidency to corral a coalition of support. He then relied on personal relationships with key members of Congress to usher through legislation that defined the era. Without person-to-person conversations, Johnson would have found it nearly impossible to forever alter the course of American society.

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Perhaps this is a good place to pause and take a self-inventory. Ask yourself: Do people around you trust you? Moreover, ask someone close to you that you personally trust the same question.

In this self-evaluation below, I have taken 11 aspects of trust for you to consider. These are from my previous book, Unleashing Your Superpower: Why Persuasive Communication Is The Only Force You Will Ever Need.

Ask yourself the following:

• Am I consistent with everyone around me?

• Do I deliver as promised?

• Am I open and authentic?

• Do I show confidence?

• Am I truthful?

• Do I make people feel safe?

• Am I willing to say “no” sometimes?

• Am I open to feedback?

• Do I make time for those around me?

• Am I reliable?

If any aspect of this list is missing in your leadership, people around you are less likely to trust you. You see, when people begin to wonder whether or not they trust you, they already do not. And if they don’t trust you, you cannot lead. At least, you won’t without brute force or manipulation.

Early in my career, I worked with a CEO that had amazing vision. He had boundless energy, grit, charisma, determination and drive.

And for a while, that worked. The organization grew. Actually, the organization exploded with growth. I had never seen organizational growth like what I experienced during this phase of my career.

I remember thinking that the vision was unstoppable. And while I was already part of the largest teams of my career, while surpassing all professional dreams, I believed we were on the early side of the trajectory with no end in sight.

I was captivated. Personally performing at optimal levels, I could not even comprehend where we were heading; it was the ride of my life.

Everything seemed perfect. Until it wasn’t.

Cracks in trust within the ranks of the organization began to appear. The leader had, slowly and over time, lost trust with team members. In fact, looking back, I think the leader broke every one of the reflection questions I posed earlier.

And once it began to crumble, it collapsed at record speed. Within twelve months, it was over. The leader was removed from the organization.

I was devastated, and so was everyone around me.

If you want to lead by persuading those around you with 1:1 conversations, and I believe that you do, it must begin with a foundation of trust. Otherwise, you’re building a house of cards. And it will always crumble in time.

About the Author: Jeff Tippett

Jeff Tippett is the international bestselling author of two books, Pixels Are the New Ink and Unleashing Your Superpower: Why Persuasive Communication is the Only Force You Will Ever Need. Speaking to international audiences through keynotes and seminars, Jeff helps attendees increase their

effectiveness, gives them powerful tools to reach their goals, and empowers attendees to positively impact and grow their organizations or businesses.

In 2014, Jeff founded Targeted Persuasion, an award-winning public affairs + communications firm. He has worked with renowned brands like Airbnb, The National Restaurant Association, The League of Women Voters, The League of Conservation Voters, plus others. Other industry experts have validated Jeff’s work with numerous awards including the prestigious The American Advertising Award.

Jeff is the host of Victory by Association with Jeff Tippett, a podcast that shares the victories of association executives with the world, highlighting the great work done across this country every day.

Jefftippett.com VictoryByAssociation.com

Thank you to all of our sponsors for your support! We couldn’t do it without you!

Join our Healthy Pots, Healthy Planet coalition and support sustainable alternatives to plastic horticultural pots. Sign your name and help us raise awareness about the environmental costs of plastic pollution. Let’s work together to reduce plastic use in the industry and make a positive impact on our planet.

website:

HealthyPotsHealthyPlanet.org

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Design Online Submissions:

Design Online is always seeking articles that would be relevant to APLD members. In particular, we are looking for leads in the following areas:

Members in the News: Have you or one of your designs been in the news lately? Share that information with APLD members.

Member Spotlight: Would you like to be featured as our next Member Spotlight? Just let us know, and we’ll get the ball rolling.

Blog of the Month: Do you have a blog about landscape design? Let us know so we can share it with the APLD membership. Gain exposure among your peers and help us form an APLD blogging community.

Please submit your articles to APLDnewsletter@gmail.com The deadline is the 15th of each prior month.

APLD Staff Contact:

Director of Communications: Michelle Keyser communications@apld.org

APLD’s staff wants you to get the most out of your experience with APLD. We are available to serve you, so please do not hesitate to contact staff with any question or concern that you may have. For a full staff listing, please click here.

Contact Us:

Association of Professional Landscape Designers 2207 Forest Hills Drive

Harrisburg, PA 17112

Phone: 717-238-9780

Fax: 717-238-9985

Website: www.apld.org

Office Hours: Monday through Friday 8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. Eastern