Issuu

The SEEDS of the LANDSCAPES… The ROOTS of the TREES…

The SEEDS of the LANDSCAPES… The ROOTS of the TREES… This exhibition celebrates the outstanding work of our faculty, showcasing their teaching, scholarship, and professional practice in landscape architecture. Each faculty member dedicates their expertise in the field and offers teaching and learning opportunities in the Master of Landscape Architecture program, providing students with extraordinary academic and lifelong experiences.

Our mission is to inspire and guide design students in their scholarship and application of landscape architecture through design solutions focused on social and environmental factors impacting communities across multiple scales and global territories.

We invite you to explore this exhibition and learn more about who we are, and we look forward to engaging with you as we envision spaces for All. Department of Landscape Architecture + Environmental Planning College of Design North Carolina State University

MEXICO Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa* Licenciatura en Diseño Urbano y del Paisaje - 5 años

Maestría en Arquitectura de Paisaje Patrimonial - 2 años

PUERTO RICO

Centro Metropolitano de Arquitectura Sustentable

Universidad Politecnica de Puerto Rico

Universidad de Guanajuato*

Gestión creativa en la identificación y propuesta de paisajes culturales de alto potencial turístico en México - 2 años

Maestría en Arquitectura Paisajista 2 años

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México*

Universidad Del Turabo Landscape Architecture (Bachelor) 4 años

Licenciatura en Arquitectura de Paisaje - 5 años

Universidad Iberoamericana (Sede León) Maestría en Arquitectura de Paisaje - 2 años Acreditada en Mexico

ECUADOR

Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana* Especialización en Plan. Y Conservación de Paisajes Y Jardines - 1 año Maestría En Plan. Y Conservación De Paisajes y Jardines - 2 años Doctorado en Plan. Y Conservación de Paisajes y Jardines

Universidad Católica de Guayaquil Carrera en Diseño del Paisaje

Universidad Marista, Mérida*

Universidad de Cuenca

Maestría en Arquitectura de Paisaje - 2 años Acreditada En México Rvoe

Maestría en Arquitectura del Paisaje 2 años

* Programas que forman parte de la Red Americana de Educación en Arquitetura del Paisaje 500 km 0

500 km

Consulte la siguiente página para ver programas académicos adicionales de México.

200

500 km

200

María Bellalta is professor and department head for Landscape Architecture + Environmental Planning, and director for global engagement in the College of Design at North Carolina State University. She teaches advanced studios in Colombia and Mexico City focused on urbanization of the Global South, promoting social and environmental equity. She is director of education and academic affairs for the International Federation of Landscape Architects, Americas Region (IFLA A; including North, Central, and South America, and the Caribbean), and partner of Red Americana de Educación en Arquitectura del Paisaje (RAEAP), forging a network of academic resources for expanding landscape architecture education and practice in Latin America and the Caribbean. Bellalta is originally from Chile.

PARAGUAY Universidad Columbia de Paraguay*

This work represents both an analysis of landscape architecture capacity in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as an advanced LAEP studio exploration in Mexico City.

Maestría en Arquitectura del Paisaje 2 años

CHILE Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile* Arquitectura del Paisaje 2 años

Universidad Central de Chile* Arquitectura del Paisaje 5 años

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE GROWTH: In her role as director for Education and Academic Affairs for ILFA Americas, Bellalta traces landscape architecture programs across Latin America and the Caribbean to demonstrate the strength of our discipline and potential areas for new growth.

Universidad Diego Portales Magíster Territorio y Paisaje 2 años

Universidad Austral de Chile UACh* Maestría en Estudios del Paisaje Diplomado en Diseño del Paisaje Austral - 6 meses

Bellalta advocates for reciprocal partnerships across the Americas. She believes that existing North American standards of education and mobility may ‘inform’ developing ones, vis à vis the autonomy of programs and practices in Latin America and the Caribbean predicated on alternative geographies, and therefore ecological, economic, and social factors. Programs are identified and codified according to academic and programmatic integrity, as well as by territory and ecological characteristics, and frame the building blocks of an academic and environmental ‘network’ for collectively expanding our knowledge,—and the field.

MEXICO CITY ADVANCED STUDIO: The advanced interdisciplinary studio explored urban planning theory and urban design fundamentals and applied both to infrastructurally-complex sites in Mexico City, with the goal of providing students exposure to large-scale urban design and planning principles as part of the landscape architecture profession. The theme of the course —infrastructure: was to specifically, reconciling cities’ dependence on infrastructure against the negative impacts urban communities may suffer as a result.

* Programas que forman parte de la Red Americana de Educación en Arquitetura del Paisaje

500 km 200

200

Tropic of Cancer 20º N

20º N

ARGENTINA

Equator

Universidad de Catamarca* Ingeniería de Paisajes 5 años

GUATAMALA 20º S

20º S

Universidad Nacional de Rosario*

Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

Maestria en Arquitectura del Paisaje 2.5 años Acreditada Coneau

Maestría en Planificación y Diseño del Paisaje 2 años

Universidad Católica de Córdoba* Maestría en Arquitectura Paisajista Planificación y Diseño del Paisaje- 2 años Acreditada Coneau

Tropic of Capricorn

Clasificación Ecológica Árido

Especialidad en Arquitectura del Paisaje 1 año

Bosques Mediterráneos, Arboledas y Matorrales

Zona Templada

Maestría en Planeamiento y Gestión del Paisaje 2 años

Bosques de Coníferas

Bosques Secos de Hoja Ancha Pastizales, Sabanas y Matorrales

Universidad Del Valle Especialización en Paisajismo 1 año Acreditada ICFES

Universidad de Buenos Aires*

Bosques Húmedos de Hoja Ancha

Especialización en Planificación del Paisaje - 1.5 años Licenciatura en Planificación y Diseño del Paisaje - 5 años Maestría en Paisage Urbano

Pastizales y Matorrales Montanos

Mojado

Pastizales y Sabanas Inundadas

Licenciatura en Diseño de Paisaje 4 años

Maestría en Diseño del Paisaje 2 años Acreditada SNIES

Universidad de Moron

Bosques latifoliados y mixtos

Zona Tropical y Subtropical

40º S

Universidad de La Republica Udelar

Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana*

Pastizales, Sabanas y Matorrales

40º S

URUGUAY

COLOMBIA

Universidad Torcuato Di Tella

Desiertos y Matorrales Xéricos

Manglares

Universidad Nacional de La Plata* Especialización en Planeamiento Paisajista y Ambiente - 1 año Maestría en Paisaje, Medio Ambiente y Ciudad - 2 años Acreditada Coneau

20º W

No Aplica 40º W

60º

ºW

0º

Prime Meridian

20º W

40º W

60º

ºW

0º

The Site: The site, located in historic downtown Mexico City, is bisected by the Calzada México Tacuba, a 7-kilometer vehicular transect traversing from the heart of Mexico City at the Templo Mayor, (the High Temple), and traveling westbound toward the first Spanish colony named Tacubaya. Several ‘colonias’, or neighborhoods, surround the area from north to south and east to west, each with a distinct character and scale.

500 km 0

500

The Templo Mayor was the dominant monument of the Mexican people as part of the Aztec empire, situated over the floating city of Tenochtitlan. During the Spanish conquest the Temple was destroyed in 1521 to make way for the Mexico City Spanish Cathedral in its place.

500 km

500 0

1000km

500 km

200

* Programas que forman parte de la Red Americana de Educación en Arquitetura del Paisaje

500 km

200

500 km

200

Calzada México Tacuba is a dynamic avenue that transitions from a historical and cultural district at the center of the city adjacent the Temple, later becoming a congested westbound thruway. Along its path, the crossing passes through historical, commercial, and institutional districts, fluctuating in character, density, and sectional dimensions. The Program: The studio examined the existing character of the Calzada México Tacuba and the perimeter areas of Santa Maria La Ribera(s), Buena Vista, Guerrero, San Rafael, Tabacalera, Cuauhtémoc, Juárez, y Centro III. Students analyzed how through urban design and planning frameworks, the profile and utility of the Calzada could be reconsidered to mitigate its current vehicular emphasis. Spatial and programmatic improvements that invariably rely on historic, socio-cultural, and economic parameters were considered as part of the contextual basis of the study.

BRASIL

VENEZUELA

Universidade de Fortaleza Paisagismo (Latu Sensu) 1.5 años

Universidad Central de Venezuela* Maestría en Arquitectura Paisajista

Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio de Janeiro Paisagismo Ecológico: Planejamento e Projeto da Paisagem (Latu Sensu) 1.5 años

The environmental conditions of Mexico City were studied, as a metropolis that has been built over the original Texcoco Lake —formerly belonging to the indigenous Mexican people, its high temperatures and urban heat island effects, and the lack of potable water, for instance. All of these conditions, and more, were evaluated against the socio-economic disparity of the city’s growing population and its demographic profile, including the communities most impacted by lack of access to their city and its resources.

Senac São Paulo Arquitetura da Paisagem (Latu Sensu) 1.5 años

Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro Paisagismo - 4 años Paisagem, Arte, Cultura Paisagística (Latu Sensu) 1.5 años Mestrado Profissional em Arquitetura Paisagística 2 años 500 km 0

Students produced urban design and planning proposals to address ways for revitalizing the Calzada’s central district and the city’s public realm, while also considering the potential for renewing the social values of local communities in the area. Finally, the study was produced in metric scale given Mexico City’s data and a majority of international projects, and because this is another essential skill required for global design students and professionals.

500 km

200

Mexico

14 Programs

Puerto Rico 2 Programs

Guatemala 1 Program

Costa Rica 1 Program

Panama

1 Program

Venezuela 1 Program

Colombia

2 Programs

NCSU LAEP Department Head + Professor

María Bellalta, FASLA, IFLA

Ecuador

COSTA RICA

2 Programs

Universidad de Costa Rica Maestría Profesional en Paisajismo y Diseño del Sitio 2 años

Brazil

4 Programs

Paraguay 1 Program

Argentina

7 Programs

Uruguay

1 Program

Chile

4 Programs

375

Landscape Architecture Academic Programs in 500 km 0

200

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

1075 750

1500km

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN THE AMERICAS URBANISM ACROSS CALZADA MÉXICO TACUBA: INFRASTRUCTURE AS CULTURE IN MEXICO CITY

The Coastal Dynamics Design Lab (CDDL) al Dynamics Design Lab (CDDL) helpsand small towns and North cities across North ll towns cities across Carolina recover and build long-term ecover from and buildfrom long-term resilience to floods through the o floods through the integration of integration of community design, teaching, engagement, teaching, design, engagement, ch. and research.

Nicks Creek Longleaf Reserve Conservation & Management Plan West End, North Carolina The purpose of this project was to assess the conservation values of a 1600-acre tract located in Moore County, NC. The study used approaches to conservation planning and programming that support the responsible and sustainable stewardship of unique and high-value natural resources. Landscape planning approaches that align conservation policies with management best practices guided the process. The resulting analyses investigated existing site conditions; city, state and federal codes and standards; spatial and temporal socio-ecological scales; and conservation-based programmatic uses. The CDDL was responsible for all aspects of this research effort. Responsibilities included but were not limited to: securing grant funding, methodological design and project management, synthesizing and communicating findings across disciplines and stakeholders, and crafting recommendations that capture the potential of the site to contribute to community and ecological health. The project team considered environmental, social, and economic factors within the surrounding region, including ecosystem services, transportation, infrastructure, population trends and development patterns, and recreation. In total, the processes and projects generated through this project demonstrably contributed to the conservation of this large and rare Longleaf Pine forest remnant.

mission is to assistrecover communities recover n is Our to assist communities from for floods, for more ds, plan moreplan resilient and resilient and prosperous futures,the andnatural celebrate the natural s futures, and celebrate and cultural make each place al resources that resources make eachthat place special.

Our vision isdesign, to transform design, research, is to transform research, engagement, and action teaching into action and nt, and teaching into and for our community partners. angetangible for our change community partners.

The CDDL L protects and protects improvesand life,improves life, property,and communities, and the environment ommunities, the environment in the we communities We do so mmunities serve. We we do serve. so through authentic and lasting engagements uthentic and lasting engagements carefully listen to and prioritize fullythat listen to and prioritize community needs and desires. needs and desires.

Theis CDDL is proud to have engaged team proud team to have engaged more than 30across communities thanwith 30 communities North across North and Carolina assisted and our assisted partners our with partners with pursuing $40M in external, nearly $40Mnearly in external, direct-to-community grants to implement ommunity grants to implement CDDL-recommended recovery and mmended recovery and resilience-building efforts. building efforts.

Pollocksville Community Floodprint: Resiliency Strategies for a Rural Recovery Jones County, North Carolina The Town of Pollocksville (pop. <300) is in the midst of a multi-year flood recovery process resulting from Hurricane Florence (2018). As a 1000-year storm, the impacts of riverine flooding from Florence far exceeded the 500-year floodplain. Dozens of homes and nearly two-thirds of the town’s commercial properties were inundated. The Pollocksville Community Floodprint is bolstering recovery and rebuilding efforts through an integrated portfolio of projects that serves as a roadmap for local leaders as they guide Pollocksville toward a prosperous and more resilient future. This interdisciplinary project spanned local and regional governments, non-profit organizations, land trusts, community activists, state recovery agencies, and public universities. It reflects the expertise of landscape architects and environmental planners who have applied innovative practices to analyze, plan, and design strategies that respect and reflect Pollocksville’s local character and history. Highlighting place-based approaches to hazard mitigation and climate adaptation, the process specifically focused on the financial realities, multi-generational social networks, and personal place attachments that are essential to rural recovery processes. The town-adopted plan illustrates planning and design recommendations that both respond to Pollocksville’s Hurricane Florence recovery efforts and serve as a transferable model to other under-resourced communities that are disproportionately impacted by environmental threats.

RESEARCH + COMMUNITY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Coastal Hazards Overlay District Guide: Creating More Resilient Communities

Community-Led Relocation in the United States and Aotearoa New Zealand: Lessons from the Buyout of Hazard-Prone Properties

The purpose of the Coastal Hazards Overlay District Guide is to provide coastal communities with a tool to mitigate the negative effects of natural hazards and to adapt to a changing climate. Coastal storms are becoming more intense, slow moving, and water-laden; and sea level rise adds an additional slow onset threat. These realities necessitate developing strategies that account for varied natural hazards and associated impacts in the coastal zone, as well as accounting for jurisdictions that possess varied capacities to act; are located on ocean fronts, sounds, and rivers; and are exemplified by varied development patterns in urban, suburban, and rural locales.

This report describes an international comparative study of managed retreat in the United States and New Zealand, where the acquisition of hazard-prone housing (buyouts) in both countries are used to highlight key issues that are germane to this evolving climate change adaptation measure. Based on this assessment, specific policy recommendations are provided for both countries, which is timely as both the United States and New Zealand are exploring the possible development of national managed retreat programs. As part of this assessment, including a review of existing literature, buyout lessons have not been effectively translated from those who have undertaken buyouts to others considering this process. Nor are specific buyout lessons learned being translated into national, state, and local policy recommendations advancing community led relocation (Smith, 2014; National Academies of Science, 2024). Given these concerns, an important part of this report includes 68 recommendations describing how this issue can be addressed and how to use these recommendations to improve community-led relocation.

The Guide serves to provide the means to reduce escalating disaster losses and avoid maladaptation in urban, suburban, and rural communities, to include those who have adopted either use-based or form-based zoning. The Guide is not intended to constrain coastal communities; rather, it provides 51 design standards and planning techniques that communities can feasibly adopt or aspire to adopt in spatially defined areas or districts, thereby empowering communities to adapt to current and future conditions and become more resilient in the face of natural hazards.

A Comparative Study of Community-led Relocation in the United States and Aotearoa New Zealand: Lessons from the Buyout of Hazard-Prone Properties

Gavin Smith is a Professor in the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning at North Carolina State University. His research, teaching, and engagement focuses on hazard mitigation, disaster recovery, climate change adaptation, and the integration of research and practice. Current work focuses on issues surrounding community-led relocation, to include creating an International Learning Lab with partners in Australia, New Zealand, and the UK. Educational efforts include leading a graduate certificate in disaster resilient policy, engineering, and design. Dr. Smith has written the text Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery: A Review of the United States Disaster Assistance Framework (Island Press, 2011) and served as the co-editor of the text Adapting to Climate Change: Lessons from Natural Hazards Planning (Springer, 2014) as well as writing more than 100 peer reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and practice-oriented reports. Smith has also served as a policy advisor to nations, states, and local governments addressing planning for post-disaster recovery, flood-hazard risk reduction, and climate change adaptation. Dr. Smith has advised four governors including Governor Hunt following Hurricanes Fran and Floyd and Governor Barbour following Hurricane Katrina.

Research Team: Gavin Smith, Ph.D., FAICP, Wendy Saunders, Ph.D., Lee Beattie, Ph.D., I-Ting Chuang, Ph.D., Lauren Briley, Brae Wingate, Lesley Von, Zeqing Li, Danjie Shen

Hypothetical Approaches for Relocation in Napier, New Zealand

International Learning Lab

The Process for Establishing a Coastal Hazard Overlay District

Proposed Process for Adaptation and Planned Relocation

The International Learning Lab is a transdisciplinary partnership of faculty, national and state agency officials, professional associations, and local governments spanning the US, New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The focus of the initiative is to develop and implement an applied research, teaching, and community engagement agenda focused on advancing disaster resilience through international lesson-drawing.

Waterfront Protection

Adapted Infill Conditions

Oceanfront Downtown

The creation of the International Learning Lab builds on more than 20 years of collaborative work spanning applied research, community engagement, and teaching between Dr. Smith and colleagues in New Zealand and Australia. Examples include writing the text Planning for Climate Change: Lessons from Natural Hazards Planning; assisting national, subnational, and local governments with planning and policy counsel; teaching courses and providing lectures; and briefing members of Parliament in both countries.

Riverine Condition

Anglia Ruskin University

A Comparative Study of Community-led Relocation in the United States and Aotearoa New Zealand: Lessons from the Buyout of Hazard-Prone Properties

Reference

Glavovic, B. C., & Smith, G. P. (Eds.). (2014). Adapting to Climate Change: Lessons from Natural Hazards Planning. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8631-7. Sound Areas

Research Team: Gavin Smith, Ph.D., FAICP, Allison Anderson, FAIA, David Perkes, AIA, Ryan Anderson, Chitali Biswas, Cassie Nichols, Kelby Stallings, Georgia DeWitt, Derek Duckworth, Brian Faulk, Matt Lambert

Bayou Condition

Sending Areas

Receiving Areas

Community-Driven Relocation: Recommendations for the Gulf Coast Region and Beyond

Application of Coastal Hazard Overlay District Strategies

North Carolina State University Graduate Certificate Program: Disaster Resilient Policy, Engineering and Design 13 Credit Graduate Certificate Program Core Courses • Survey of Natural Hazards and Disasters – 3 hours • Disaster Resilient Policy, Engineering and Design – 3 hours • Speaker Series – 1 hour

Between 1980 and mid-2023, 232 billion-dollar disasters occurred in the U.S. Gulf Coast region, with the number of disasters doubling annually since 2018. The variety and frequency of storms have exacerbated historic inequalities and led to cycles of displacement and chronic stress for communities across the region. While disaster displacement is not a new phenomenon, the rapid escalation of climate-related disasters in the Gulf increases the urgency to develop pre-disaster policies to mitigate displacement and decrease suffering. Yet, neither the region nor the nation has a consistent and inclusionary process to address risks, raise awareness, or explore options for relocating communities away from environmental risks while seeking out and honoring their values and priorities. Preserve and commemorate cultural significant structures

This National Academies of Science report assessed the complex topic of community-led relocation in Gulf Coast States, to include meeting with coastal residents to discuss this issue and developing a set of policy recommendations for US communities and others to consider.

Provide public boat ramp access to visitors for recreation

Track-Based Electives – 6 credit hours (Landscape Architecture, Civil Engineering and Public Administration) • Interdisciplinarity • Visualization of Policy

Develop commemorative signage

Reference

Develop ecotourism opportunities to bring visitors to the island

Re - establishing native plants to support wildlife

Comprehensive Nature-Based Infrastructure Strategy

Objective 2: Restore Natural Infrastructure WETLAND RESTORATION

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Community-Driven Relocation: Recommendations for the U.S. Gulf Coast Region and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/27213.

Open Space Management Guide: Building Capacity to Program FEMA-funded Housing Buyout Land

Objective 3: Establish “San Leon Stroll” Trail Preserve

STREAM ENHANCEMENT & RESTORATION

This report addresses the challenge of managing open spaces created through hazard-prone housing buyouts, a key disaster risk reduction strategy increasingly used by federal, state, and local governments. While significant efforts have been made to develop educational materials on buyout programs, there is limited guidance on post-buyout land management. This guide fills the gap by providing strategies for local governments to transform buyout properties into community assets aligned with recreation, economic development, environmental stewardship, and hazard risk reduction goals.

Infrastructure to Relocation Sites Connecting the Parks/Recreation and Natural

Image:Greenway Volunteer Program

The guide outlines a planning and design-based approach to open space management within FEMA’s regulatory framework while highlighting funding, policy, and technical assistance resources. Designed for local, state, and federal officials, as well as planners, landscape architects, and community organizations, the guide includes case studies, checklists, and templates to support implementation. By offering actionable insights, this resource aims to help communities effectively manage buyout lands and create long-term benefits.

Image: Land Mechanic Designs Inc

COMMUNITY PARKS & RECREATION

REFORESTATION Image:ASLA.org

OPEN SPACE MANAGEMENT GUIDE Image: MKSK Landscape Architecture

Example of Student Work

NCSU LAEP Professor

Building Community Capacity to Program FEMA-Funded Housing Buyout Land

Image:Volunteering with Tree Services

From LAR 554, Disaster Resilient Policy, Engineering, and Design

Research Team: Gavin Smith, Ph.D., FAICP, Abigail Black, Claire Henkel, Andy Fox, FASLA, Travis Klondike, Brian Vaughn, Chitali Biswas, Samata Gyawali, Samiksha Bhattarhai.

ADVANCING RESILIENCE IN AN ERA OF CLIMATE CHANGE

These are the students, faculty and staff that worked together on the projects represented on this board. (left to right) Carla Delcambre, Adam Walters, Dr. Meredith Martin, Luma Kennedy, Elizabeth Gabriel, Alejandra Betancourt, Anna Desmone, Valerie Friedmann, Jules Mainor, and Parker Smith.

Pfizer Sanford Landscape Study

Creating Outdoor Recreation Economies (CORE) | Town of Spencer

Pfizer's EHS team at their Sanford facility approached NC State with a request for help envisioning a sustainable campus that better engages the 1000+ staff with the surrounding nature.

The Pappas Program, in collaboration with the Commerce, Rural Economic Development Division (REDD), provides outdoor recreation economy strategic plan implementation services to towns participating in REDD’s CORE program.

In response, the Pappas Program created a multi-disciplinary research team with faculty from the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning (NC State College of Design), the NC State College of Natural Resources, and EcoMetrix Solutions Group, LLC. This team of experts helped Pfizer re-think their 230-acre campus to better serve their sustainability goals as well as their staff's wellbeing. The study team conducted 3 sub-studies including a landscape management assessment, a biodiversity assessment, and an ecosystem service assessment of the property in the summer and fall of 2023.

Town of Spencer Fred and Alice Stanback Educational Forest and Nature Preserve offers 100 acres of accessible plant communities and intertwined trails. The design proposal connects Stanback Forest through the rhythm of Salisbury Avenue to the Yadkin River- a site that will provide outdoor recreation such as boating, fishing, and birdwatching. The two assets that we have assigned as bookends are Stanback Forest and the Yadkin River. By enhancing the road conditions and improving the human experience along Salisbury Ave, the Town of Spencer would be able to retain tourists and bikers. With engaging signage and wayfinding, this retention will flow over to other assets such as the historic downtown which is further supported by the existing Rowan County Historic Tour.

The Pappas Real Estate Development Program champions community building through placemaking by fostering student and professional growth in interdisciplinary real estate development education, engagement and research.

The “Rhythm” is achieved by three elements repeated every 1⁄4 mile along Salisbury Ave, and includes a multimodal road diet, green infrastructure, and a wayfinding design that mimics the train turntable at the Historic Spencer Shops.

Aligned with North Carolina State University’s commitment as a research-extensive land-grant university, the Pappas Program embodies the university’s dedication to excellence in teaching, knowledge application, and engagement with community partners. We promote an integrated problem-solving approach by leveraging our strengths in design, science, engineering and technology and combining them with a comprehensive range of academic disciplines.

CORE | Ashe County In Ashe County, NC our CORE team was tasked with helping The Blue Ridge Conservancy with their development of a new park and trail system located just outside of the town of West Jefferson. The team dug into local ecology + geology to help build a site narrative and identity. This sense of place was reflected in the wayfinding, informational, and educational signage graphics presented by the team. Our primary goal was to help the Conservancy staff compellingly convey to future users just how special of a place Paddy's Mountain parks really is.

Biltmore Park West

Welcome to 1.7 Miles 3800 Steps

PADDY MOUNTAIN

Trail Intersections

About the State Trail

Walking Trails

When constructed, the Northern Peaks State Trail will connect Boone to Elk Knob State Park to West Jefferson and Mount Jefferson State Natural Area. The planning corridor is approximately 40 miles long.

Restrooms

Trail blaze for Northern Peaks State Trail The mountain peaks in the NPST blaze represent the summits of the High County in western North Carolina. The region is home to nationally significant biospheres with unique ecological diversity, and the protection of the area is paramount. The northern peaks are often referred to as the Amphibolite Mountains and include Howard Knob, Elk Knob, Snake Mountain, Three Top Mountain, Phoenix Mountain, Paddy Mountain, and Mount Jefferson.

Picnic Area

Parking

Stay on Trail

This mountain chain contains the largest concentration of amphibolite substrate in the western North Carolina mountains. Amphibolite rock has a unique mineral composition, producing unusually rich soils, giving rise to a high level of diversity in exotic flora and fauna.

PARK HOURS: Dawn to Dusk CONTACT BRC: 1-828-263-2511

Dogs on Leash PADDY MOUNTAIN

No Biking Bird Watching

Hiking

1.14 Miles 2500 Steps

Environmental Education

0.27 Miles 561 Steps

The Pappas Program and Biltmore Farms LLC undertook a real estate development ideation study that posits concepts for a novel, mixed-use real estate development on a 1000-acre parcel of land just outside of Asheville, NC.

Viewshed Analysis

Biltmore envisioned an environmentally sensitive development, which celebrates placemaking and community building, and supports a strong working class, as the site serves as a unique opportunity to replace “missing middle” rungs on the prosperity ladder.

No Littering

American Hickory

Northern Red Oak Catawba Rhododendron

No Horseback Riding The American beech

BUILDING RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES

.D. is Associate Professor Celen Pasalar, Ph.D. is Associate Professor in t of Landscape the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning Environmental Plannin and Extension oordinator in the College Coordinator h Carolina State in the College of Design at North Carolina StateofUniversity. She also holds the so holds the titles titles and of Community University Faculty Scholar and y Scholar Community Engaged Fellow. Dr. Pasalar is Dr. Pasalar is actively actively involvedofinthe the Executive Leadership of xecutive Leadership the Global One h Academy, where sheHealth Academy, where she co-leadsandthe Climate Change and Health ate Change Health Disparities Research Initiative. rch Initiative.

research focuses on creating, translating, uses Her on creating, and broadening evidence for designing smart, roadening evidence for connected, resilient, connected, resilient, and and healthy communities, well as asreducing reducing inequities in cities and ties, as as well s andunderserved underserved populations. Her work in the of urbanism, human behavior and workrealms in the realms of environment, and community design has behavior and profoundly affected the design discipline community design has addressing the needs in communities at ed the design discipline scales. at Dr. Pasalar collaborates with eedsmultiple in communities multidisciplinary community Dr. Pasalar collaborates researchers, nary partners, researchers,and practitioners to develop evidence-based solutions transforming ers, and practitionersdesign to communities. Her award-winning projects and -based design solutions research mmunities. Herhave been supported by the National Science Foundation, Federal Emergency ojects and research have Agency/U.S. Department of y theManagement National Science Homeland Security, NC Department of ral Emergency Transportation, ncy/U.S. Department the of Spencer Foundation, and various non-profits. Her work has been ty, NC Department of recognized with many awards, including the he Spencer Foundation, 2020 in Service Learning Award profits. HerExcellence work has been Council of Educators in Landscape manyfrom awards, including the 2019 Outstanding Extension ce inArchitecture, Service Learning frominNorth Carolina State University, cil ofAward Educators andthe multiple ecture, 2019 national awards from American Society of Landscape Architects. She has nsion Award from North published extensively, including book iversity, and multiple chapters, Society peer-reviewed journal articles, rom American of and research reports. She is a ects.proceedings, She has published of the Environmental Design Research dingmember book chapters, Board of Directors, and the urnalAssociation articles, Associate Editor research reports. Sheand is Executive Board member of the Ekistics and the New Habitat Journal. Environmental Design ation Board of Directors, Dr. and Pasalar holds a Ph.D. in Design from North e Editor Executive State an MSc. in City and the Carolina Ekistics and theUniversity, New Regional Planning with a focus on Urban Design, and a B.Arch in Architecture from Middle East Technical University. Her impactful a Ph.D. in Design from work over the in years exemplifies her ate University, an MSc. commitment to on creating sustainable and l Planning with a focus resilient d a B.Arch in communities. Architecture

Technical University. Her ver the years exemplifies o creating sustainable munities.

AEP NCSU LAEP e Professor Associate Professor

n lar, Ph.D.

The Southeast Equine Research and Education Partnership (SEREP) and its accompanying research study emerged from a grant awarded to Isothermal Community College (ICC) by the Appalachian Appalachian Regional Regional Commission (ARC). To To conduct conduct the the study, study,ICC ICCpartnered partneredwith withNorth North Carolina State University (NC State) due to its expertise in equine education and the ongoing "Ultimate Community Partnership" between the two institutions. This collaborative community-university partnership, aimed to address the equine needs of the Isothermal region. Over two years, an interdisciplinary research team from NC State (co-led by Dr. Dr. Celen Celen Pasalar) Pasalar) engaged engaged with with various various stakeholders stakeholders in in Rutherford and Polk counties, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. The goal was to evaluate the feasibility of establishing an equine research and education center in Western North Carolina, capitalizing on the region’s growing equestrian culture and economy. economy. The findings, presented in this third report, offer a conceptual framework for creating a comprehensive center focused on horse, human, and environmental health. The proposed Southeast Equine Research and Education Center would meet the needs of local horse owners, farms, small businesses, and non-profit organizations. It would provide education, research, and support to enhance the equine workforce and industry in the region. This center would also facilitate partnerships with NC State, leveraging the university’s strengths in agricultural, animal, natural, social, and veterinary sciences. The project proposed conceptual and business models as well as design proposals for a community-oriented, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable facility. facility.

Envisioning the Future: The Southeast Equine Community & Research Center Center

Providing Providing accessible, accessible, quality, quality, cutting cutting edge, edge, flexible, flexible, and and adaptive adaptive facilities facilities and and outdoor outdoor environment environment that that will will reflect reflect center’s center’s strong strong and and innovative innovative vision vision for for evolving evolving research, research, education education and and community community based based services. services.

Our research identified a significant opportunity in equine-assisted activities (such as riding, learning, and psychotherapy), an area with limited research centers in the U.S. Additionally, Additionally, the the local local and and state state agricultural needs could benefit from research into premium horse hay production, manure and pasture management, and agribusiness development. The center would also support tourism, educating visitors on the historical and modern-day relationship between horses and humans while fostering small business growth. While economic and community development in rural areas is challenging, it aligns with NC State University’s land-grant mission. Many in the Isothermal region have long believed that the area's equine culture has been undervalued, and our research supports this perspective. This project outlines a potential pathway for advancing economic, cultural, and community development in the region, with positive implications for the broader state of North Carolina and beyond. Ultimately, Ultimately, this this research research contributes contributes to to the the next next steps steps in in expanding expanding the the equine culture and economy in Western North Carolina.

Prioritizing Prioritizing sustainability sustainability that that will will minimize minimize pollution, pollution, energy energy and and water water use use supporting supporting sustainable sustainable land land management management for for research, research, teaching, teaching, farming, farming, natural natural areas, areas, and and other other uses. uses.

Ensuring Ensuring land, land, facilities, facilities, and and activities activities work work together together to to maximize maximize knolwedge knolwedge transfer transfer and and positively positively impact impact local local equine equine economy economy and and sustainable sustainable development development in in the the region. region.

Developing Developing and and promoting promoting healthy healthy facility facility and and environment environment that that represent represent center’s center’s health health mission mission in in support support of of well-being well-being of of researchers, researchers, faculty, faculty, setudents, setudents, visitors, visitors, staff, staff, and and horses. horses.

The Southeast Equine Education Center designedCenter to integrate research, The Research Southeast and Equine Research and is Education is designed to integrate research, education, and community services in equine services related activities assisted therapies with education, and community in equineand related activities and assisted therapies with hands-on experiences. This center will create cuttingwill edge place where communities are communities are hands-on experiences. Thisacenter create a cutting edge place where served, students can learn,students and multi-disciplinary can conduct research equineresearch on equine served, can learn, andscientists multi-disciplinary scientists can on conduct health and science,health equine-assisted therapy, environmental health, equine manufacturing, and science, equine-assisted therapy, environmental health, equine manufacturing, agri-business, andagri-business, smart rural development. This development. multi-faceted center through its facilities and smart rural This multi-faceted center through its facilities and landscapes willand provide research for multi-disciplinary in support ofteams in support of landscapes willopportunities provide research opportunities forteams multi-disciplinary region’s equine related needs. While supporting research endevaours, the Center region’s equine related needs.regional While supporting regional research endevaours, the Center will also provide spaces to support Isothermal Community College’s equine focused will also provide the spaces to support the Isothermal Community College’s equine focused curricular and research activities. curricular and research activities. The master plan proposes a collaborative learning and research comunity that promote The master plan proposes a collaborative learning and research comunity that promote innovative center model through learning shared research outdoor spaces, asoutdoor spaces, as innovative center modeland through learning andfacilities, shared research facilities, well as social and community spaces. well as social and community spaces.

CHARACTER & IDENTITY& IDENTITY ACCESSIBILITY & ENJOYMENT & HEALTH & HEALTH & ECONOMY CHARACTER ACCESSIBILITY & RESILIENCE ENJOYMENT RESILIENCE & ECONOMY CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY

AngierDowntown DowntownVision VisionPlan Angier The vision developed for downtown Angier Angier through through participatory participatory community community design design process process provides provides aa dynamic dynamic framework framework to to guide guide its its future future growth growth and and transformation. transformation. At At its its core, core, this this vision vision is is built built on on aa set of guiding principles that prioritize the community’s needs and embrace the town’s town’s unique unique characteristics. characteristics. These These principles principles serve serve as as the the foundation foundation for for creating creating aa vibrant, vibrant, inclusive, inclusive, and and sustainable sustainable downtown that supports both residents and visitors. Downtown Angier Angier is is the the heart heart of of community community interaction interaction and and activities, activities, making making itit essential essential to to create create vibrant vibrant public public spaces spaces that that encourage encourage aa diversity diversity of of uses uses and and programming. programming. By By focusing focusing on on the the needs needs and and experiences of individuals, this vision aims to cultivate places that foster community engagement, inclusivity, inclusivity, and and aa sense sense of of belonging. belonging. The The plan plan celebrates celebrates downtown’s downtown’s distinctive distinctive character character while while also also introducing new opportunities to stimulate the local economy, economy, enhance enhance connections connections between between key key destinations, destinations, and and ensure ensure that that the the area area is is both both enjoyable enjoyable and and accessible accessible for for everyone. everyone.

Downtown Angier is rich inAngier is rich inThe plan emphasizes theemphasizes creation the creation key element of this element plan is of this plan is With the rapid With expansion of the Downtown The plan A key the rapid expansion ofAthe history, and thishistory, plan honors its plan honors of aitscohesive street network that creating vibrant and this of a cohesive street network that creating sustainable, vibrant Raleigh-Durham area, Angier isarea, Angier Raleigh-Durham is sustainable, small-town charm while strengthens connections between spaces that prioritize the small-town charm while strengthens connections between spaces that prioritize the poised to become an to become an poised embracing cultural diversity. The diversity. neighborhoods, amenities, and amenities,increasingly wellbeing of thewellbeing community. From embracing cultural The neighborhoods, and of the community. From attractive location increasingly attractive location unique character of Angier will beof Angierkey within parks and green spaces unique character will destinations be key destinations within parks andto green spaces to for residents and for businesses. residents and businesses. preserved and preserved celebratedand through Thedowntown. proposal includes pedestrian-friendly areas, the celebrated downtown. through The proposal includes pedestrian-friendly areas, the The vision for downtown The vision is for downtown is thoughtful design, art, signage, enhancementsenhancements to pedestrian to pedestrian offer comfortable, thoughtful design, art, signage, aims to offer comfortable, designed to bedesigned adaptable, to be adaptable, design aims to design and space planning. These pathways, multi-modal beautiful, and accessible places and space planning. These pathways, multi-modal beautiful, and accessible places supporting a resilient economy supporting a resilient economy elements will brand downtown transportation options, and traffic that are frequently used by the elements will brand downtown transportation options, andand traffic that are frequently used by the communityand thatcommunity can navigate that can navigate with a distinctive identity, offeringidentity, offering calming measures. By improving people they serve. By they thoughtfully with a distinctive calming measures. By improving people serve. By thoughtfully change while maintaining its maintaining its change while both locals andboth visitors a and visitors a both walking and vehicular integrating the environment with locals both walking and vehicularcore values. Bycore integrating the environment with positioning values. By positioning memorable andmemorable authentic and authentic access, the plan aims tothe foster this framework access, plan aims to foster health, this framework downtown as adowntown flexible and as a flexible andhuman health, human experience thatexperience reflects thethat reflects theeconomic development, promote sets the stage for a downtown economic development, promote sets the stage for a downtown vibrant space, vibrant Angier will be Angier will be space, town’s past, present, equitable access to resources, that fosters wellness, community town’s and past,future. present, and future. equitable access to resources, that fosters wellness, community better equipped to thrive as a to thrive as a better equipped and enhance the health, engagement, and long-term and long-term and enhance the health, welcoming, sustainable engagement, town for welcoming, sustainable town for wellbeing, and wellbeing, environmental sustainability. and environmental sustainability. years to come.years to come. resilience of theresilience community. of the community.

COMMUNITY - ENGAGED RESEARCH AND DESIGN COMMUNITY - ENGAGED RESEARCH AND DESIGN

Preserving a Legacy: The Lasting Social, Economic, and Environmental Benefits of Olmsted Parks EXECUTIVE SUMMARY With the 30th anniversary of the Olmsted Parks Conservancy (OPC) approaching, this is the time to better understand and more fully appreciate the values of the Olmsted Parks System and the importance of the work that the OPC has undertaken. The pages that follow identify the social, economic, and environmental contributions of the Olmsted Parks System to the City of Louisville. Olmsted Parks are for everyone. • Louisville is a diverse city, and the neighborhoods surrounding Olmsted Parks have an especially diverse makeup. The population surrounding Olmsted Parks is 37.8% Black, compared to 22.7% surrounding other parks and 15.9% in the rest of the city. • In Louisville, Olmsted Parks are a major amenity to low-income families. A quarter of all Louisville households make less than $25,000 annually. This is true of 38.5% of households within a half mile of Olmsted Parks.

Rodney Swink, FASLA, PLA, is Senior Associate for Planning and Development at PlaceEconomics. A licensed landscape architect, he is also a Professor of Practice at North Carolina State University’s College of Design and an independent consultant to local governments, nonprofits, and firms interested in community development and downtown revitalization. Early in his career, Swink helped create the Urban Forestry Program for the North Carolina Division of Forest Resources and later served as director of the North Carolina Main Street Program and Director of North Carolina Office of Urban Development. Swink is active civically, serving on the board of the North Carolina Arboretum, chairing the City of Raleigh (NC) Board of Adjustment and is Past Chair of the City of Raleigh Planning Commission. He is also past Chairman of the Board of Directors for Preservation North Carolina and of the Board of Advisors for the J.C. Raulston Arboretum. He has served as president of the American Society of Landscape Architects and Chair of the ASLA Council of Fellows. Over the past three decades, Swink has won a variety of prestigious awards for his work in historic preservation, landscape architecture, and his humanitarian- and communityfocused work.

Olmsted Parks add value. • Properties within a half mile of Olmsted Parks represent $7 billion to the local tax base. • Being near an Olmsted Park provides a property value premium, and that enhanced value extends at least a half mile beyond the park boundaries for larger parks. • While parks in general have a positive impact on property values, homes fronting an Olmsted Park have a per-squarefoot value of 5.5% more than properties fronting on non-Olmsted Parks. • Houses fronting Olmsted Parks are collectively worth $94,721,000 more than non-fronting houses, resulting in $891,000 more in property taxes each year to the local government.

Louisville has the distinction of being one of four cities in the world with a completed Frederick Law Olmsted designed park system. Olmsted and his sons ultimately created a network of 18 parks and six parkways that today still define the city of Louisville. With the 30th anniversary of the Olmsted Parks Conservancy approaching, this report was commissioned to better understand and more fully appreciate the values of the Olmsted parks system and the importance of the work that the Olmsted Parks Conservancy has undertaken. The report identifies the social, economic, and environmental contributions of the Olmsted Parks System to the City of Louisville.

OVERVIEW Baxter Square was Louisville’s first public park, established in 1880. Olmsted’s implementation began with Baxter Square in 1892 where he envisioned a greenspace that would bring neighbors together for casual interaction. Shortly thereafter, Boone Square Park, on the location of the first organized baseball game in Louisville, was designed by Olmsted with recreation in mind.he principal parks––Cherokee, Shawnee, and Iroquois––were created as anchors with parkways that linked them together. The creation of the parks spurred residential development, encouraged the expansion of the streetcar lines, and created circulation among the city’s greenspace. Today, Olmsted’s vision continues to attract investment and inspire civic engagement in Louisville, from neighborhoodlevel community development projects to new, large-scale landscape schemes like the heavily-attended Waterfront Park.

Olmsted Parks serve Louisville’s environmental goals. Olmsted Parks have a diverse tree canopy composition and 1.5x more trees per acre than the rest of the city. The 2,315 acres of Olmsted parkland reduce carbon emissions by 21,020,638 pounds. This equals the energy use of 1,030 homes for one year or 319,103 incandescent lamps switched to LEDs. • 93,483,740 gallons of stormwater runoff are mitigated. This is the equivalent of 3,116,125 loads of laundry, 13,354,820 toilet flushes, or 5,425,101 showers.

• •

Over 123,000 people live near Olmsted Parks

In the current geography of Louisville, parkland equals 7.3 % of the total land area and Olmsteddesigned parks represent 19% of all parkland.

Olmsted Parks connect nature and neighborhood. • Nationally, the lack of greenspace associated with higher health risks and lower life expectancy disproportionately affects low-income communities. In Louisville, the Olmsted Parks serve these communities and work to close the “nature gap.”

16% of Louisville’s population live near an Olmsted Park, 22% live near another park, and 61% do not live near parks

Olmsted Parks and Parkways Louisville Parks and Recreation 6

Olmsted Parks attract new residents and creative jobs. • While 28.4% of all jobs in Louisville are within a half mile of an Olmsted park, 53.7% of the “creative class jobs” (arts, entertainment, recreation) are within that distance from an Olmsted park. • While 16.2% of the total population lives within a half mile of an Olmsted park, 33.3% of creative class workers live within that area. • People want to live near Olmsted Parks. 44.2% of residents near Olmsted Parks have moved there since 2010. That percentage is significantly higher than the 28.3% of relatively recent move-ins in the rest of the city.

PEER CITIES

While the Trust for Public Land’s Parkscore represents an objective, numbers-only comparison, this study measured Louisville against other cities by taking into account cities of similar age, development, population, and region. [Side bar: list of peer cities called out graphically] In terms of square feet of parkland per capita, Louisville ranks high.

Olmsted Parks are sites of social cohesion. • Despite the fact that Olmsted Parks make up only 19% of the land area of Louisville Parks and Recreation parks, they are the chosen site for: • 99% of concerts • 99% of outdoor theater • 93% of walks/runs • 61% of church meetings • 41% of school field days • 40% of picnics • 38% of festivals • 31% of family gatherings

$9000 $8000 $7000 $6000 $5000 $4000 $3000

$1832

$2000 $1000

SQUARE FEET OF PARKLAND PER CAPITA

$0 774

800

400

A ,P

b tts Pi

600

I Y Y Y H H N TN TN W KY O O ,T ,K ,N ,N e, e, e, is, s, ti, lo er lle on ill ill ke vi ph bu na gt ffa sv xv au m sh in in ui em Bu no lu nc ilw ex Na K i M Lo o L C C M

c Ro

In a spending-per-acre of parkland comparison, Louisville is on the low end of the comparison cities. Louisville only spends $1,832 per acre, compared to Lexington’s more than $5,000 per acre.

200 0

s, hi

, lo

ffa

, ee uk

e ill

, gh

, on

,N er

, us

e ill

i, at

r t st v v b sv nn bu ng che m sh ox ui ci xi lu tts Na Cin Kn Lo Ro Le Pi Co

ilw

The City of Louisville merged with Jefferson County in 2003, creating a leaner government. Today, the Metro government stretches every dollar to provide services to Kentucky’s largest city, made up of nearly 400 square miles. The OPC helps fill this gap where the public sector’s resources are stretched.

In terms of park spending per capita, Louisville is in the lower half. PARK SPENDING PER CAPITA

$70 $60 $50

$40.12

$40 $30

Olmsted designed four other park systems in Rochester, NY; Buffalo, NY; Milwaukee, WI; and Boston, MA. This photo shows Delaware Park in Louisville’s peer city of Buffalo.

$20 $10 $0

A ,P

sb itt

Revitalizing Heritage: Strengthening Goldsboro’s Historic Downtown for a Sustainable Future

PARK SPENDING PER ACRE

Despite this, Louisville parklands fall behind peer cities. In the 2018 Trust for Public Land’s “Parkscore” rankings, Louisville ranks 84th out of the 100 largest cities in the United States.4 The low score is a result of subject areas such as lack of public spending on parks, access to parks, and parkland percent of city area. However, the average park size in Louisville is 7.7 acres, even higher than the #1 city for Parkscore—Minneapolis, Minnesota—at 6.6 acres.

1000

In 2017, the Trust for Public Land published an advocacy statement that all Americans should live within a 10 minute walk (or a half mile) of a high-quality park or green space. Research demonstrates that people who have easy access to parks are 47% more likely to walk at the daily-recommended level than those who do not have easy access. Currently, one in three Americans do not have a park nearby. In Louisville, 38% of the population lives within a 10 minute walk from a park and 16% live within a 10 minute walk of an Olmsted designed landscape. This proximity gives the citizens of Louisville a greater opportunity to access the many public health benefits that parks provide.

Park building takes coordinated efforts, political will, funding, and, of course, vision. Years before Louisville hired the legendary landscape

designer Frederick Law Olmsted, the land for the parks was acquired and assembled by a group of prominent citizens. These forwardthinking benefactors likely did not realize that these parks would, in 2018, remain one of four completed Olmsted Park Systems in the world.

ffa

I Y Y H H N N TN W KY O O ,T ,T ,K e, e, is, s, ti, lle lle on ill ke vi vi ph bu na gt sv au sh ox in ui em ncin um a w x n l l o i N K M L Le Ci Co M

N r,

ch Ro

4 Parkscore is a comprehensive park rating methodology created by the Trust for Public Land. Using the 100 largest cities in the US, the cities are ranked on categories of acreage of parks, access, and service and investment. The rankings are released yearly at http://www.parkscore.tpl.org/.

9 Photo Credit: https://www.bfloparks.org/

Enhancing Paradise: The Impacts of Historic Preservation on Miami-Dade County

Historic Goldsboro is a small community in Seminole County in central Florida. It was established by the Freedmen’s bureau during the Reconstruction Era and is one of the oldest African American established communities in the United States. In 1911, Goldsboro was incorporated into the City of Sanford, which today is part of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford Metropolitan area. The neighborhood is still predominantly African American. Our role was to assess the current strengths and weaknesses in their downtown area and based on our informed observations, make recommendations to guide their program for the next twelve to eighteen months within the Main Street program context.

In 1981 Time magazine’s cover story declared South Florida as “Paradise Lost.” But earlier that same year, Miami-Dade County created a historic preservation program to protect its incredible historic resources. Miami-Dade has seen dramatic change in its built environment in its short built history, and this transformation is a story that cannot be sufficiently told with old photographs of sites long gone. The transformative story of Miami-Dade is best told through its living artifacts, the buildings, sites, and traditions that make up its architectural and cultural heritage. This study was commissioned at the county level to look at the impact of the County’s historic preservation program. This study also examined the impacts of historic preservation in Miami-Dade’s independent municipalities with local preservation programs. The findings of this report demonstrate the much wider contribution made by historic buildings and neighborhoods. In a robust real estate market like Miami- Dade County, decisions affecting the historic resources are made every day. Certainly not every building that might be considered historic can be rehabilitated. But for buildings, demolition is irreversible. This report demonstrates that while the long-term values of preservation are as valid as ever, there are compelling reasons in the short term to identify, protect, enhance and celebrate Miami-Dade’s built heritage.

Historic Goldsboro Main Street Historic Goldsboro is a small community in Seminole County in central Florida. It was established by the Freedmen’s bureau during the Reconstruction Era and is one of the oldest African American established communities in the United States. In 1911, Goldsboro was incorporated into the City of Sanford, which today is part of the Orlando-KissimmeeSanford Metropolitan area. The neighborhood is still predominantly African American. Historic Goldsboro Main Street (HGMS) is an Apprenticeship program of Florida Main Street in the early stages of organizational development. The HGMS leadership team is highly regarded in the community and by the City of Goldsboro. Recently, HGMS hired a part-time (20 hours/week) manager and is structuring their board. The manager has not attended Main Street 101 training yet, and the board, while having had exposure and direction from both the Main Street America resource team and Florida Main Street, is still in its early stages. The program only recently produced a work plan. HGMS has a strong sense of Goldsboro’s historic identity and is a spinoff of Goldsboro Front Porch, an established nonprofit with over 20 years’ experience on the ground in the community. The program has good relationships with the City of Sanford and with Crooms Academy, referred to often as Goldsboro’s “Harvard.” It is important that HGMS continue to build relationships with other entities, not only for potential access to funding, but also to develop and enhance board identity.

NCSU

Professor of Practice

PlaceEconomics

HGMS experiences some of the funding issues typical of a nascent organization, but they also benefit from financial support at both the city and county levels. In the future, consistent and stable funding will be critical to their on-going viability. In addition to targeted sponsorships, annual underwriting needs to be secured to allow HGMS to meet the demands of managing the district.

WHY PRESERVATION INCENTIVES ARE GOOD PUBLIC POLICY Incentives are but one tool in a wider range of approaches to conserving our built heritage, but they deserve particular attention. Public policy that imposes regulation and property limitations without the balance of incentives can sometimes discourage necessary investment. Moreover, preservation incentives are often the linchpin that makes a preservation investment financially viable. In real estate terms, “Cost” is the sum that will have to be spent from the conception to the completion of the project. “Value,” in financial terms, is what the marketplace is willing to pay in rent or purchase price for that restored building. Where Value exceeds Cost, the marketplace will support the project, and incentives may not be necessary. Yet when Cost exceeds Value, as is often the case with historic buildings, a gap exists. The primary purpose of incentives is to close this gap—to make an irrational economic act rational. Beyond making a purely financial argument, preservation incentives are good public policy because they promote a public good. Historic buildings have values beyond just financial. These values can be aesthetic, social, environmental, educational, cultural, etc., and they are enjoyed by a larger group of beneficiaries than just the property owner. Therefore, preservation incentives can be considered not only the provision of a public good, but also as partial payment for the values that the public—not the property owner—receives as a result of the property owner’s investment.

Senior Associate

CULTIVATING HERITAGE, REVITALIZING COMMUNITIES

House In A Garden Miami,FL

Ben Monette is the Founder and President of Mud, an award-winning landscape architecture firm based in Raleigh NC. His career has focused primarily on high-profile public projects of various scales, where he has had the opportunity to work with many world-renowned planners, architects, and artists. He began his career as a greenway designer before focusing on the broader practice of landscape architecture. Working for some of the world’s most renowned landscape architecture practices, he has led intense site-scale urban design efforts and city-scale green infrastructure planning. As a landscape architect and educator, he is known for his innovative design solutions and dedication to creating welcoming, attractive, and functional spaces.

Mud teamed with architect’s Atelier Mey on this award-winning urban infill project in Miami’s historic Coconut Grove, seamlessly integrating architecture and landscape within a culturally rich Bahamian neighborhood. As Miami’s first mass timber project, it redefines the relationship between "house" and "garden" through innovative material use, ecological sensitivity, and community-driven design. Addressing South Florida’s extreme environmental challenges, the project employs stormwater management, large tree preservation, native planting, and a breathable building envelope to enhance resilience and sustainability. This pioneering approach lead to a site that was net-zero carbon on day one. This project not only advances building technology but also exemplifies cultural expression and multifunctional landscape performance in communities of need.

In addition to his professional practice, Ben is an Assistant Professor of Practice in Landscape Architecture at NC State and has lectured and taught at Temple University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of Pennsylvania, and Thomas Jefferson University. He has been inspired by community outreach and extension while attending graduate school at NC State, where he seeks opportunities to build and expand that University’s land-grant mission. Through his teaching, he encourages students to build logical and reasoned narratives, embrace the intuitive, and approach design challenges with both confidence and humility.

NCMA Winston-Salem Winston-Salem, NC The master plan for NCMA Winston Salem (formerly SECCA) re-imagines its 14-acre museum and grounds uniting art, ecology, and community. Rooted in the museum’s legacy of free art education and cultural innovation, the plan addresses barriers to access and environmental challenges while enhancing the site’s immersive experiences. Guided by the principles of Community, Ecology, and Imagination, the response blends ecological regeneration, radical design, and participatory engagement through art and technology. This visionary transformation establishes NCMA Winston-Salem’s Grounds as a model for integrating cultural expression, environmental stewardship, and inclusive public space. Mud lead a multidisciplinary team in this effort and helped secure grant and state funding. They have now joined architect’s Szostak and Design and STITCH Design Shop in the Construction Documentation phase of the project.

In 1929, under the direction of Lucy Morgan, the Penland School of Craft was founded in Mitchell County, NC. It began as a vehicle for vocational outreach

HEART

CORE CAMPUS RING ROAD

to under-served and oppressed mountain women. It focused on the handicraft revival movement in the Southern Appalachian region and later became one of the foremost craft schools in the

MEADOW

nation. GATEWAYS

A NEW CAMPUS VISION

Penland School of Craft Penland, NC

Mud

Founder + Principal

The award-winning Penland Welcomes Everyone master plan reaffirms the Penland School of Craft’s century-long commitment to equity, creativity, and education by transforming its campus into a more accessible and inclusive environment. Rooted in community engagement, ecological stewardship, and a deep respect for Penland’s historic Appalachian context, the plan addresses physical and social barriers to create a welcoming, interconnected landscape. Through thoughtful interventions in site circulation, historic preservation, and native plant restoration, the plan balances tradition with progress, ensuring the campus remains a beacon of artistic discovery and belonging. This visionary effort not only enhances Penland’s physical spaces but also reinforces its mission to empower artists and makers from all backgrounds. Mud was the project lead on this effort and currently has 6 active projects under design on the campus.

NCSU Assistant Professor of Practice

Benjamin Monette

Here we find the wisdom we seek, rooted in the simplicity and complexity of place.

DETAILS and MATERIALS for RESILIENT SITES

Contents

FMH

countries, forced and child labor abuses occur in material production industries, further subsidizing the low-cost of imported materials.

Foreword xxx Preface xxx Acknowledgements xxx

TCF

Given that 75% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions stem from the construction, operations, and transportation in the built environment, we have both a serious responsibility and a great opportunity to slow climate change. And since an estimated 70% of global infrastructure that will be in place in 2050 has not even been built yet, we have a chance to get it right this time. We must substantially shift our practices to build carbon positive sites and infrastructure, close materials loops with a circular economy, and source equitably produced, healthy construction materials.

CHAPTER 1

Introduction: Details and Materials for Resilient Sites 000

TCC

CHAPTER 2

Decarbonization of Materials and Structures 000

CHAPTER 3

Resource Efficiency and the Circular Economy 000

Preface

A Climate Positive Approach

Sixteen years ago, I wrote my first book about the impacts of production and disposal of site construction materials on ecosystems around the world. I offered solutions to reduce those impacts, and while our practices have started to shift, exponential growth in the built environment has resulted in even greater use of material resources and release of greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge that confronts us is daunting yet achievable: Less than 16 years from now, we must meet our 2040 target for climate positive sites, infrastructure, and buildings.

Meg Calkins, FCELA, FASLA, is a Professor of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning at North Carolina State University. She holds an MLA and MArch from the University of California at Berkeley and has taught and written about resilient site design and sustainable construction for over twenty-five years.

At the time of my first book, embodied carbon was a consideration, but climate change was not the urgent issue that it is today. In fact, if we could return to the 20% lower 2008 greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) levels, we would be in a better place. Since that time our planet has warmed to over 1.4°C, and six of the nine planetary boundaries to support life on earth have been crossed.

This book provides strategies, tools and detailed information for the next practices of climate positive design. Reduced carbon, resource efficient materials and material mixes, both standard and alternative, are addressed along with a variety of approaches to optimize the design of site structures.

Unprecedented global growth has consumed more and more resources, generating massive amounts of waste, degrading ecosystems, and releasing pollutants. This growth is projected to accelerate over the next 25 years, particularly in less economically advanced countries.

We have less than sixteen years to transform our practices to meet 2040 targets for climate positive design. We can get there if the next practices provided in this book are employed to affect substantive change in the way we specify construction materials and design structures for the built environment. We must embrace this great opportunity and responsibility to slow climate change.

The production of construction materials has grown into a global industry where raw materials can be extracted in Brazil, fabricated in China, then used in a project in Amsterdam. Transport of materials is inexpensive and labor in some countries, even more so. And this global supply chain has a dark side that is increasingly exposed. In some

Meg is the author of Details and Materials for Resilient Sites: A Climate Positive Approach, forthcoming in June 2025 from Routledge. She is also the author of Materials for Sustainable Sites (2008) and editor of the Sustainable Sites Handbook (2012). She has been a frequent Contributing Editor to Landscape Architecture magazine writing several articles on site construction materials and exemplary designed works, and she won the Bradford Williams Medal for Journalistic Excellence in 2003.

STRUCTURES AND ASSEMBLIES FOR RESILIENT SITES 000

TCP

CHAPTER 6

Pavements 000

CHAPTER 7

Porous Pavements and Green Roofs 000

CHAPTER 8

Retaining Walls and Bio-Engineered Embankments 000

MATERIALS FOR RESILIENT SITES 000 CHAPTER 12 Aggregates and Sand Materials 000 CHAPTER 13 Stone Materials 000 CHAPTER 14 Concrete Materials and Products 000 CHAPTER 15 Asphalt Pavement Materials 000 CHAPTER 16 Earth-Based Materials 000 CHAPTER 17 Fired Clay Bricks 000 CHAPTER 18 Wood Materials and Products 000 CHAPTER 19 Biobased Materials and Products 000 CHAPTER 20 Metals and Metal Products 000 Index 000

TCB vii

Meg has taken an active leadership role in development and implementation of the Sustainable Sites Initiative (SITES) since 2003. In 2023-24, Meg received an Landscape Architecture Foundation Fellowship for Leadership and Innovation where she developed key themes for this book. She currently serves on the LAF Board of Directors.

At Warsaw Uprising Mound park, TopoScape + Archigrest built rubble concrete walls on the 35 meter high mound of debris from the Warsaw city fabric destroyed in World War II. Incorporating fragments of buildings, the slopes of the human made ravines resemble the geologic layers of an anthropogenic hill. The concrete walls are based on the rubble concrete used for reconstruction in the years following WWII. Rubble such as stove tiles, bricks and broken balustrades “mined” from the mound were hand placed in layers with sand at the outside edge of the formwork. These form the distinctive striations that reference layers of debris and sedimentation. Image credit: Michal Szlaga

MEG CALKINS

Lorem ipsum

Planetary boundaries are nine critical processes that together sustain a stable and resilient earth. In 2009, we had crossed three of the nine boundaries and in 2023, we have crossed six. Based on Richardson et al. 2023, Steffen et al. 2015, and Rockström et al. 2009. Image credit: Meg Calkins.

Embodied carbon (EC) results for one linear meter of a retaining wall assembly with a 60 year service life. The retaining height is 90cm and the frost depth is 60cm. Footings for rigid walls extend 15cm below the frost depth. The top part of each bar and the number shows EC results for original assemblies, and the lower part of the bar shows optimized assemblies. Calculations and image: Meg Calkins

World greenhouse (GHG) emissions in 2020 by sector. Total global GHG emissions for 2020 were 47.5 gigatons of CO2e (Climate Watch based on data from IEA, 2022). Image credit: Meg Calkins and Drake Bruner

Embodied carbon of selected optimized retaining assemblies. Embodied carbon for a granite veneer wall can be reduced by 52% wiith use of domestic granite, 50% SCMs in the concrete, and a thinner wall stem. Image credit: Lizandro Marcial-Armas, Kathleen Elliott and Meg Calkins

Embodied carbon for one square meter of pavement assemblies with a 60 year service life. The top part of each bar and the number shows EC results for original assemblies, and the lower part of the bar shows optimized assemblies. Calculations and image credit: Meg Calkins

Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions depicting upstream activities, downstream activities and activites from the reporting company in a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Adapted from World Resources Institute (WRI) Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Image credit: Meg Calkins and Drake Bruner

Embodied carbon of selected optimized pavement assemblies. The embodied carbon of granite pavement on a concrete base can be reduced 71% by using domestic granite, and 50% SCMs and 20.7MPa concrete for the slab under the granite. Image credit: Lizandro Marcial-Armas, Kathleen Elliott and Meg Calkins

Life Cycle Assessment stages defined by ISO 14040 and 14044. Image credit: Meg Calkins

Embodied carbon (EC) results for 1.83m (6’-0”) bays of a fence assemblies with a 30 year service life. The fence height is 1.83m (6’-0”). Replacement factors are included in the calculations where applicable. Concrete footings for fence posts are 65cm deep. Image credit: Meg Calkins.

Embodied carbon results of selected fence assemblies. Wood and biobased fencing is substantially lower than steel and PVC even with higher replacement factors. Image credit: Lizandro Marcial-Armas, Kathleen Elliott and Meg Calkins

NCSU LAEP Professor

Meg Calkins

DETAILS AND MATERIALS FOR RESILIENT SITES: A CARBON POSITIVE APPROACH

BUILDING B

WOOD HALL PHASE 3

SECONDARY PATH

LAWN

SEATING AREAS BUILDING C

Before joining the North Carolina State University faculty in 2005, Delcambre worked for award-winning design firms: OLIN in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Design Workshop in Albuquerque, New Mexico. She holds a Master of Landscape Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania and a Bachelor of Arts in Architecture from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Jesse Turner is a professional landscape architect (PLA) and a teacher. His work includes multiple awards and highly visited public landscape architecture projects in places such as Duke Gardens at Duke University, the North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina State University, the North Carolina Botanical Garden, Minnesota Landscape Arboretum at the University of Minnesota, and more. His firm, Lift Environmental Design, combines design excellence with ecologically sensitive design and evidence-based approaches to problem-solving. His work has been the topic of sustainability case studies, most recently by the Landscape Architecture Foundation’s Case Study Investigation Program, and is known to exhibit high standards of quality and performance. Jesse is also a past steering committee member of the Cullowhee Native Plants Conference at Western Carolina University, which is dedicated to deepening the knowledge of natural systems in efforts to protect and create ecologically sustainable landscapes.

BUILDING A

The Design + Build Studio serves as a dynamic, experiential learning environment where students engage in hands-on, applied learning that bridges theory and practice. Unlike traditional classrooms, this studio immerses students in the full design process—from conceptualization to construction—allowing them to test ideas in real-world settings. The work is research-based, incorporating ecological principles, material studies, green infrastructure, and user experience analysis to create meaningful outdoor spaces. By integrating sustainable features like stormwater management and native planting palettes, students learn how to design resilient landscapes that address environmental challenges. Through direct involvement in building projects, they gain practical skills, problem-solving abilities, and an appreciation for craftsmanship, fostering a deeper understanding of spatial design. This iterative, hands-on approach not only enhances their technical proficiency but also instills a sense of ownership and pride in their creations. The impact extends beyond the students themselves; the landscapes they build provide enriching, immersive experiences for users, transforming spaces into functional, aesthetically compelling environments. By engaging with community needs and environmental concerns, students contribute to the broader discourse of sustainable design while refining their professional identities. This fusion of design, research, and construction empowers emerging landscape architects to think critically, collaborate effectively, and design with both intention and impact.

2023 Tyson Fortenberry Georgie Exton Abby Black Jeb Bullard Rachel Berhman Kim Hooper Chris Bradley Maddie Gresh

Kyle Wurtz Evan Holliday Stefan Bloodworth Priya Ramanujan Makayla Esposito Brian Vaughn Shabnam Mohammadzadeh Nova Iffat

2024 Joe Lamonica Melissa Dominguez Anthony Dobbins Lauren Briley Dalton Langdon Sydney Honeycutt Matt Siebert Prachi Patodia

Laura Barry Rhys Fuller Melissa Amoabeng Cynthia Cukiernik Sam Pesot Kathleen Elliott Megan Hester

2025 Drake Bruner Hannah Clarke Anna Desmone Aleah Gardner Andrew Jasperse Anna Johnson Jules Mainor

Jennifer Seaver Kelby Stallings Christopher Vann Lauren Faye Welsh Noah Weaver Cole Wesson

NCSU LAEP Design + Build

DESIGN + BUILD PROJECTS THROUGHOUT THE YEARS

WOOD HALL PHASE 2

The Design-Build Studio has transformed the campus through a diverse range of projects that merge art, functionality, and sustainability. From innovative stormwater management systems that mitigate runoff and enhance ecological health to thoughtfully designed study and gathering spaces that foster student engagement, each project reflects a hands-on, research-driven approach. These installations not only improve the campus environment but also serve as living laboratories where students apply design concepts in real-world settings. By integrating aesthetics with practical use, the studio creates meaningful spaces that support learning, social interaction, and environmental resilience while providing students with invaluable experiential learning opportunities.

The landscape of Wood Hall is a multi-phase project designed to enhance the living experience of the students who call the dorm home. The project was designed and built by three separate classes, with each contributing to a different phase, creating a dynamic and evolving outdoor space. The first phase, the Nook, was designed to offer a comfortable study area for users. The second phase, the Cook, fosters collaboration and social interaction. The final phase, the Canopy at Wood Hall, will provide a unique oasis within the bustling campus, blending shade, seating, and greenery. This research-based, hands-on project allows students to apply design principles while enhancing the campus environment for all users.

APPLIED AND EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING RESEARCH LAB - LAEP DESIGN BUILD

LAR 501 The Design + Build Studio serves as a dynamic, experiential learning environment where students engage in hands-on, applied learning that bridges theory and practice. Unlike traditional classrooms, this studio immerses students in the full design process—from conceptualization to construction—allowing them to test ideas in real-world settings. The work is research-based, incorporating ecological principles, material studies, green infrastructure, and user experience analysis to create meaningful outdoor spaces. By integrating sustainable features like stormwater management and native planting palettes, students learn how to design resilient landscapes that address environmental challenges. Through direct involvement in building projects, they gain practical skills, problem-solving abilities, and an appreciation for craftsmanship, fostering a deeper understanding of spatial design. This iterative, hands-on approach not only enhances their technical proficiency but also instills a sense of ownership and pride in their creations. The impact extends beyond the students themselves; the landscapes they build provide enriching, immersive experiences for users, transforming spaces into functional, aesthetically compelling environments. By engaging with community needs and environmental concerns, students contribute to the broader discourse of sustainable design while refining their professional identities. This fusion of design, research, and construction empowers emerging landscape architects to think critically, collaborate effectively, and design with both intention and impact.

Carla Delcambre, PLA, ASLA, is an Associate Professor and Co-Director of the Graduate Program in the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning at North Carolina State University (NCSU). She has been teaching for 20 years and is a licensed landscape architect. Carla is also a doctoral candidate in the Doctor of Design program at NCSU. Her passion for teaching focuses on health and wellness, sustainable design, urban agriculture, green infrastructure, and immersive technologies. She teaches courses in design fundamentals, digital representation, construction methods, and environmental site systems. Before joining the North Carolina State University faculty in 2005, Delcambre worked for award-winning design firms: OLIN in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Design Workshop in Albuquerque, New Mexico. She holds a Master of Landscape Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania and a Bachelor of Arts in Architecture from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

BUILDING A

Spring 2025 Landscape Architecture Faculty Exhibition