The Temporary Citizen: and the spatial implications of the next mode of energy in Vlissingen

THE TEMPORARY CITIZEN and the implications of the next mode of energy in Vlissingen

Graduation Anouk Klapwijk 29-06-2017 Supervised by: M. Emmerik V. Munoz Sanz

2/83

3/83

4/83

Metrocosm.com: global-immigration-map

DESIGN STUDIO

5/83

Design as Politics

TRENDS

6/83

Increase of mobility of individuals Increase of labour migration

LABOUR MIGRATION: ENERGY SECTOR

7/83

Lebanon Palestina Canada

GB

Russia

Jordania Germany Syria

US

Iran

Iraq

Marocco Algeria Egypt

UAE

Pakistan

Nepal

China

India

Bangladesh

Indonesia

Somalia Kenia Australia South Africa Sri Lanka

emirati (20.000)

expat & origin (20.000) Studio Zones Urbaines Sensibles (ZUS)

URBAN DESIGN: SHAPING CITIES

One and Only Resorts

8/83

SNC Lavalin

ENERGY SECTOR: TRANSITION

9/83

GE Renewable Energy

TWO TRENDS

Increase of mobility of individuals Increase of labour migration

10/83

Shifting the focus to renewable energy resources & northern Europe

CONTEXT

world

Netherlands

region

port & city

city

urban fabric

smallest urban scale

11/83

CONTENT

world

Netherlands

region

port & city

city

urban fabric

smallest urban scale

12/83

TWO TRENDS IN THE DUTCH CONTEXT

Increase of mobility of individuals Increase of labour migration

Shifting the focus to renewable energy resources & northern Europe

13/83

SPATIAL IMPLICATIONS

14/83

Polendorp, Volkskrant

POLENDORP

Location: in the middle of nowhere

15/83

No foundations: to make it disappear quickly

It’s all about work!

No services, shops, restaurants

IDEA OF THE COMPANY TOWN

16/83

Pullman

IDEA OF THE COMPANY TOWN

Bournville: a village to the world’s largest cocoa and chocolate

It’s not all work!

17/83

LEAVING A LEGACY

18/83

Northern Soul.uk

WHO’S BENEFIT?

19/83

WHO’S BENEFIT?

20/83

Social exclusion?

Urban upgrade?

TWO TRENDS IN THE DUTCH CONTEXT

Increase of mobility of individuals Increase of labour migration

Shifting the focus to renewable energy resources & northern Europe

21/83

ENERGY TRANSITION

22/83

IJmuiden ver- 7020MW

OWEZ - 108MW Princes Amalia - 120MW Hollandse kust - 7350MW Luchterduinen - 129MW

LEGEND: OFFSHORE WIND FARMS Existing wind farm Planned wind farm

Borssele - 2000MW 0

25

50

100km

THE NEW DUBAI?

23/83

QUESTION

24/83

What if we could benefit from the comings and goings of people?

How could we use it for local urban change instead of aiming for ‘invisibility’?

CHALLENGE

To catalyze long term improvements for the local population, while servicing and improving the conditions for the temporary citizens.

To make the global factors of energy and migrant workers comprehendible and visible.

25/83

CASE STUDY

26/83

LEGEND: OFFSHORE WIND FARMS Existing wind farm Planned wind farm

Borssele - 2000MW 0

25

50

100km

BORSSELE

V

27/83

II

IV III

I

1600 construction phase

51 34 N 0030 031 E 40 K 0

1

M Vlissingen Oost

200 operation & maintenance

er rd

bo

2016 - 2023

A COMINGS & GOINGS

28/83

2016 - 2023

1: preparation of Borssele off site 2: preparation of Borssele on site 3: installation of the foundations and the transformer station 4: preparation of the wind turbines and blades 5: installation of the wind turbines and blades

VLISSINGEN

29/83

Vlissingse bode

VLISSINGEN

30/83

Municipality of Vlissingen

VLISSINGEN

31/83

PZC

VLISSINGEN

1886

32/83

1910

1950

present

COMBINE?

33/83

COMBINE?

WIND FARM: GLOBAL CITIZEN

34/83

VLISSINGEN: LOCAL CITIZEN

REQUIREMENTS

35/83

GLOBAL CITIZEN

LOCAL CITIZEN Social exclusion

High skilled Low skilled

Collective

Practicalities

Accommodation

Student Marine Elderly Tourist 2nd home owner Port worker

Visible connection Port

New activities Maritime environment

STRATEGY

36/83

Insert a piece of urban program into the port.

LOCAL CITIZEN

GLOBAL POWERS

PORT

CITY

Shoreline

0m

500m

1km

2km

STRATEGY

37/83

Insert a piece of urban program into the port.

LOCAL CITIZEN

GLOBAL POWERS

PORT

CITY LOCAL LIFE

GLOBAL CITIZEN

Insert the global migrant workers into the city.

Shoreline

0m

500m

1km

2km

38/83

HOW TO START?

ANALYSIS

39/83

Beach line Beaches Boulevard Natural park Greenstructure Dike structure Dunes Parks Sportfields

0m

500m

1km

2km

LOCATIONS

40/83

Urban area

Port area

0m

500m

1km

2km

URBAN AREA: SCHELDETERRAIN

41/83

picture Ruben Oreel

SCALE?

Stella Maris (NL), 2016 400

42/83

De Bosruiter (NL), 2016 600

PATCHWORK URBANISM

43/83

Brent Ryan

URBAN AREA: SCHELDETERRAIN

44/83

FOUR LOCATIONS

45/83

Heritage Connection with the singel No contamination

Heritage Connection with downtown No contamination

Contaminated soil Connection with the waterfronts Damen Shipyards Heritage Timberfactory

Connection with the singel Connection with the waterfronts Contaminated soil

PROGRAM

46/83

Urban area

Port area

Workers housing Sports facility Recreational park Workers housing Cafe Post office Transnational bank

Ferry terminal Wind exhibition Offices

Transformator station Recreational park Wind training center Ferry Landing

ONE LOCATION

47/83

Urban area

Heritage Connection with downtown No contamination

Workers housing Cafe Post office Transnational bank

‘TEMPORARY’ CITIZENS

48/83

time phase 1: preparation of Borssele off site

phase 2: preparation of Borssele on site

phase 3: installation of the foundations and the transformer station

phase 4: preparation of the wind turbines and blades

phase 5: installation of the wind turbines and blades

commissioning!

PHASE 1

49/83

PHASE 2

50/83

PHASE 3

51/83

PHASE 4

52/83

PHASE 5

53/83

CELEBRATION DOCK

54/83

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Connection Make the site accessible and develope a route.

55/83

Waterfront Re-establish a connection with the water and provide places to meet.

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

56/83

sing hou lic pub

Public functions Add public functions to the site, extending from the waterfront towards the building. Housing is added on top of the public functions.

Visual interaction Making use of different levels to stimulate visual interaction.

PUBLIC FUNCTIONS

57/83

WATERFRONT & CONNECTION

58/83

VISUAL INTERACTION

59/83

URBAN AREA

60/83

URBAN AREA

61/83

PORT AREA

62/83

PORT AREA

63/83

CONCLUSION

From a global context to a local design.

64/83

CHALLENGE & QUESTION

What if we could benefit from the comings and goings of people?

To catalyze long term improvements for the local population, while servicing and improving the conditions for the temporary citizens.

65/83

LOCAL/GLOBAL?

Test the local design in the global context

Changes?

66/83

THREE SCENARIO’S

67/83

DECLINE

68/83

Decline in port industry

Temporary citizen leaves

Decline in population

LEGACY DECLINE

69/83

connection with the singel

connection with greenstructure

connection with the seashore

STABLE

70/83

Dismantling oil platforms industry

Temporary citizen stays

Growth in 1 person households

LEGACY STABLE

71/83

GROWTH

72/83

Expertise in offshore wind industry

Temporary citizen stays

Growth in population

LEGACY GROWTH

73/83

connection with the singel

connection with greenstructure view on the waterfront

view on recreational port view on Damen Shipyards connection with the seashore

CONCLUSION

74/83

DIFFERENT WAY OF THINKING FOR THE URBANIST: TEMPORARY POPULATION

OPPORTUNITY TO BENEFIT

AWARENESS OF CYCLES

OTHER PLACES

75/83

IJmuiden ver- 7020MW

OWEZ - 108MW Princes Amalia - 120MW Hollandse kust - 7350MW Luchterduinen - 129MW

LEGEND: OFFSHORE WIND FARMS Existing wind farm Planned wind farm

Borssele - 2000MW 0

25

50

100km

COMMON FUTURE June 2017

76/83

SCHELDETERRAIN

of the The celebration dock is located on the east side to be the Scheldeterrain, the location near the city center. It used after place where new build ships were launched and celebrated, meaning, the building process was finished. Besides this historical of the the building of the Plaatwerkerij is still intact on the edge and the site. For the design of this site, the aspect of celebration important. most combination of the different user groups is the

7 8 9 6 large offshore wind With the new scale of operating and constructing are facing farms, the city of Vlissingen and the port of Vlissingen-Oost an increase of work a transition. A part of this transition will include the next five years. for area the within citizens migration and temporary and goings. comings of phenomenon this into research a is This project energy and migrant The design is an attempt to make the global factors of as a catalyst to workers comprehendible and visible, while using this that services for the local urban change. This project illustrates the idea with long term temporary needs of migrant workers can be combined citizens are seen improvements for the local population. The temporary the urban area, as as a window of opportunity for the transformation of well the industrial port area. in the format As final product of the project, this two-sided document proposal, shows a of a folded city map, combining research and design migrant worker common new future for Vlissingen. It imagines a potential and the Borssele or tourist arriving in Vlissingen, learning about Vlissingen port have to offer. wind farm, and using the facilities the city and the about the new On the other hand, it informs the permanent resident to participate and adaptations made in their urban fabric and invites them their environment. celebrate the Borssele wind project as an upgrade to

3

4

5 1 2

MAP OF VLISSINGEN

10

11 16 17 12

15

the old The location of the waterfront is characterized by Damen. timberfactory and the last shipyard in the old harbour, The jetty This offers an opportunity to activate the waterfront.

For for the already existing watertaxi is moved to the location. the port the workers, the site will offer a way to commute to to host of Vlissingen-Oost by boat. The timberfactory is suitable space for an exhibition about the wind farm and offer office employment agencies in the energy industry.

13 14

Colophon Anouk Klapwijk anoukklapwijk@gmail.com Map made as part of: Design as Politics Graduation Studio, 2016/2017 and mobility ‘A City of Comings and Goings’- designing for migration

proposal based Revealing a new side of Vlissingen through a design wind project. on the spatial implications of the Borssele offshore

ACROSS SCALES:

KALOOT

ME TO VLISSINGEN,of WELCO this map, we take you to along the new hotspots

With farm of Vlissingen during the construction of the offshore wind history, Borssele. Vlissingen, already famous for its rich maritime wind adds another chapter to this history; the chapter of offshore on energy. While the offshore wind farm largely remains unvisible does have land, this guide shows you the spatial implications it the new on the city and its port. The map will guide you around opportunities that are on offer. See for yourself and enjoy!

SCHELDETERRAIN CELEBRATION SQUARE WATERFRONT STAIRS

3

CAFE

POST OFFICE

5

WESTERN UNION BANK

6 7 8 9

10 11

ACCOMMODATION FITNESS CENTER HOMEFLEX OFFICE AIRBNB HOUSE CENTRAL PARK FISHING DOCK

FERRY SHUTTLEand Borssele by ferry! You

Explore Vlissingen, Vlissingen-Oost for can buy a hop-on-hop-off day trip or buy a subscription Use commuting. Tickets are only available at the ferry terminal. the app for current departure times and a personal timetable.

Route Pick up points

ENERGY & LABOUR

Lebanon Palestina GB

Russia

Jordania Germany Syria

Marocco

Iran

Iraq

Algeria Egypt

Shifting the focus to renewable energy resources

UAE

Nepal Pakistan

India

area, This area of the Scheldeterrain is adjacent to an housing With originally build by the Schelde company for their workers. building no contamination of the soil, the site is suitable for This citizens. temporary the for of the accommodation mostLINE TIME OF THE citizens temporary PROJ the allow will area ECTS workers the for location The fence, to live close to the city center and a recreational park. with the currently restricting access to the site, can grow along or nonaccommodation, meaning that the site is accessible accessible according to the housing that is occupied.

NOW AVAILABL

MIGRATION

Canada

US

Increase of mobility of individuals & labour migration

China Bangladesh

emirati

Indonesia

(20.000)

Somalia Kenia South Africa

Australia Sri Lanka

(20.000)

12 13 14 15 16 17

FERRY TERMINAL BORSSELE TOUR OFFICE

19

BORSSELE WIND EXHIBITION EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES

20 21 22

DUNE AREA

23

BEACH

OFFSHORE FARMS

DUTCH CONTEXT

Existing wind farm Planned wind farm

23

On one hand, the challenge for the is to catalyze long graduation project term improveme nts for the local permanent citizens, and while at the same the conditions of time improving and servicing the global and temporary citizens. On the other hand informing about the energy the transition and celebrating general public scale offshore wind farm in the Netherland the first large challenge. Therefore, s is the second a strategy is made port & the city. on the scale of the

expat & origin

Plan your trip with the watertaxi in Vlissin gen!

OF ‘POLENDORP’

1: preparation of

BORSSELE WIND V

PROJECT

II

IV III

22

No foundations: to make it disappear quickly

AMOUNT OF WORKERS

1600 - constructio

n phase

40 KM

200 - operation &

Vlissingen Oost

Borssele off site

2: preparation of Borssele on site 3: installation of the foundations and the transforme r station

maintenance

2016 - 2023

4: preparation of the wind turbines and blades

STRATEGY Insert a piece of urban program into the port

LOCAL CITIZEN

Borssele off site

PHASING 1: preparation of

I 510 341 N 0030 031 E

E IN APP STORE

Flyer app store watertaxi

No services, shops, restaurants

5: installation of the wind turbines and blades

TRANSFORMATOR STATION TRAINING CENTER TRANSFORMATOR PARK CABLE TRAJECTORY WALKWAY

CURRENT & PLANNED

Location: in the middle of nowhere The first of these wind farms, Borssele, kilometers of the will be build 22 coast of Zeeland.

This will result in opportunities and new job growth of the port industry in VlissingenOost and its adjacent city Vlissingen in the upcoming years.

The challenge and opportunity this temporary citizens offer is examined can in this project. Therefore phasing of workers the amount and is studied. While the project and design will focus the on a particular site, the city of Vlissingen, the work could offer lessons to the broader context migration and a temporary of population.

COMMUTERS STATION OBSERVATION PLATFORM

KALOOT 18

When looking at the transition, the governmenDutch context of the energy t announced the five new wind farms construction of off the coast of the are amongst the North Sea, which largest and planned windfarms in the world. In the map current of scale. Being aware are compared, showing the change of the influence of the urban environme work migration on nt, new questions are posed on how deal with large temporary to populations in the ‘Polendorp’ serves Netherlands. as an example of current planning.

er

4

TWO TRENDS

rd bo

2

1

GLOBAL/LOCAL

The vast network of energy production distribution has , consumption and left its imprint on our urban landscapes around the world.

Cities were shaped many other cities by in the UAE and across energy; such as owes her developme the globe, Dubai nt to the strategic geographic location and the access to oil fields. With the energy geographic locations will change and wind transition, the the focus towards energy will shift Northern Europe.

This will result in emerging employme new nt patterns in e.g. the Netherlands.

GLOBAL POWERS LOCAL LIFE

part The central park of the Scheldeterrain contains the largerst Closed off of contaminated soil and is not suitable for building.

2: preparation of moment, the soil will be cleaned in stages by the at the a fenceBorssele by on site on the poplar trees through phytoremediation technology. Based access contamination, the fence is opened up in stages, allowing path and to more and more space of the park for the public. The the larger the waterfront of the park will reconnect the site to framework of green- and waterfront space in the area.

GLOBAL CITIZEN Insert the global migrant workers into the city.

21

The spatial and financial conditions Vlissingen make of the city of this a difficult task.

Small interventio a large system need ns in to re-enforce or re-connects the cities underlying system.

Only then, the structure be transformed and of the city can a long term legacy protected. Therefore, for the the theory of patchworkcity can be is adopted in order urbanism to operations to impose divide the areas and design small constraints on the are determined within future. 5 locations the urban area and in the port area.

On the scale of public space & urban fabric, each project is designed based on the presence citizens. According of the temporary to location is developed their amount, the design for each in four design principles; five steps. Besides these phases, the waterfront, public connection with the city, activating functions on the different levels for ground floor and visual interaction , are applied to all to ensure the designs sites offers not only space citizens, but also to the temporary for the permanent inhabitant.

Zooming in to the smallest urban scale of the project, design elements used in the designs and connect the provide continuity projects together.

Main elements chosen for the lightning, are landscaping and lightning, an addition infrastructure. For to incorporating a vertical traditional street lightning is made, landscaping, a specific axis wind turbine on each latern. For type of tree is chosen, remediation potentials. because of its Finally the infrastructu two types of tiles re consists of and concrete benches.

20

FIVE LOCATION

S IN A SYSTEM

Cable trajectory walkway

Shoreline

18

0m

500m

1km

2km

3: installation of the foundations and the transforme r station

19

DESIGN PRINCIPLE

S

Connection

Waterfront

Public functions

Visual interaction

DESIGN ELEMENTS

Lantern on wind energy

area The transformator station is situated within the industrial Here of the port of Vlissingen-Oost on the beach of the Kaloot. the wind is the landing point of the cable route that connects the link wil cable The land. on grid electricity the farm at sea with site of extraction, the North Sea, with the site of consumption, of Vlissingen. The infrastructure will protect further development where the protected dune area of the Kaloot and offers a place citizens can experience both nature and industry.

4: preparation of the wind turbines and blades

Now located at the stairs of the celebration dock

Poplar tree cleaning the soil

Concrete bench

Concrete tile

Wooden quay

5: installation of the wind turbines and blades

Central park

SPATIAL QUALITY

77/83

USE OF HERITAGE

78/83

NEW ROUTES

79/83

NEW ACTIVITIES

Plan your trip with the watertaxi in Vlissingen!

80/83

VISIBILITY

81/83

CONNECTION

82/83

THE TEMPORARY CITIZEN and the implications of the next mode of energy in Vlissingen

Graduation Anouk Klapwijk 29-06-2017 Supervised by: M. Emmerik V. Munoz Sanz

A balcony offers a view on the waterfront and creates opportunity for visual interaction.

A cafe on the ground floor extends the public space from the square to the inside and forms the entrance to the workers housing.

Stairs provide a meeting place along the waterfront while a path connects to the surrounding urban area.

Entrace of the timberfactory giving space to employment agencies and a windpower exhibition.

The ferry terminal; commuting to the port for the temporary citizens, offering wind tours for the permanent inhabitant.

Area for workers housing, while offering access through the terrain for the inhabitants of Vlissingen.

The park offering spaces to meet and recreate.

The park connecting to the waterfront, offering possibilities for recreation.

Space for training the workers on top of the public function of the transformator station.

The path connects the transformator station to the water on top of the cable trajectory of Borssele.

Entrance of the transformator station and training center.